CINXE.COM

Translocase - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Translocase - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"87eec051-ea15-490a-860e-1a54d6888304","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Translocase","wgTitle":"Translocase","wgCurRevisionId":1259799147,"wgRevisionId":1259799147,"wgArticleId":10953228,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Translocases","Membrane proteins","Solute carrier family"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Translocase","wgRelevantArticleId":10953228,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q909555","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Translocase - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translocase"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translocase"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Translocase rootpage-Translocase skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Translocase" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Translocase" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Translocase" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Translocase" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_catalysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_catalysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mechanism of catalysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_catalysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>EC 7.1 Catalysing the translocation of hydrons<sup><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>EC 7.2 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations and their chelates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>EC 7.3 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic anions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>EC 7.4 Catalysing the translocation of amino acids and peptides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>EC 7.5 Catalysing the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>EC 7.6 Catalysing the translocation of other compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Translocase</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translokaza" title="Translokaza – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Translokaza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translok%C3%A1za" title="Translokáza – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Translokáza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translokasen" title="Translokasen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Translokasen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AE%EA%B9%80%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="자리옮김효소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자리옮김효소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translokaz%C4%97" title="Translokazė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Translokazė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translokase" title="Translokase – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Translokase" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="輸送酵素 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="輸送酵素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translocases" title="Translocases – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Translocases" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Транслоказы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Транслоказы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translok%C3%A1za" title="Translokáza – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Translokáza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Транслоказа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Транслоказа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q909555#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Translocase" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Translocase"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Translocase"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Translocase" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Translocase" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;oldid=1259799147" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Translocase&amp;id=1259799147&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTranslocase"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTranslocase"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Translocase&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q909555" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of enzymes</div> <p><b>Translocase</b> is a general term for a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that assists in moving another <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a>, usually across a cell membrane. <span class="anchor" id="Definition"></span>These <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> catalyze the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. The reaction is designated as a transfer from “side 1” to “side 2” because the designations “in” and “out”, which had previously been used, can be ambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Translocases are the most common <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_secretion_system" title="Bacterial secretion system">secretion system</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gram_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram positive">Gram positive</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>. </p><p>It is also a historical term for the protein now called <a href="/wiki/Elongation_factor_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Elongation factor G">elongation factor G</a>, due to its function in moving the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA">transfer RNA</a> (tRNA) and <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNA</a> (mRNA) through the <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The enzyme classification and nomenclature list was first approved by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Biochemistry">International Union of Biochemistry</a> in 1961. Six enzyme classes had been recognized based on the type of chemical reaction catalyzed, including <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductases</a> (EC 1), <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">transferases</a> (EC 2), <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">hydrolases</a> (EC 3), <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">lyases</a> (EC 4), <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">isomerases</a> (EC 5) and <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">ligases</a> (EC 6). However, it became apparent that none of these could describe the important group of enzymes that catalyse the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. Several of these involve the hydrolysis of ATP and had been previously classified as <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPases</a> (EC 3.6.3.-), although the hydrolytic reaction is not their primary function. In August 2018, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology classified these enzymes under a new enzyme class (EC) of translocases (EC 7).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_catalysis">Mechanism of catalysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanism of catalysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reaction most translocases catalyse is: </p> <ul><li>AX + B<sub>side 1</sub>|| = A + X + || B<sub>side 2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A clear example of an enzyme that follows this scheme is <a href="/wiki/ATP_synthase" title="ATP synthase">H+-transporting two-sector ATPase:</a> </p> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + 4 H<sup>+</sup><sub>side 1</sub> = ADP + phosphate + 4 H<sup>+</sup><sub>side 2</sub><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Translocase_Mechanism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Translocase_Mechanism.jpg/220px-Translocase_Mechanism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Translocase_Mechanism.jpg/330px-Translocase_Mechanism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Translocase_Mechanism.jpg/440px-Translocase_Mechanism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2561" /></a><figcaption>A) ATP-ADP translocase: protein responsible for the 1: 1 exchange of intramitochondrial ATP for ADP produced in the cytoplasm. B) Phosphate translocase: the transport of H2PO4- together with a proton are produced by symport H2PO4-/H+</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <p>This ATPase carries out the <a href="/wiki/Dephosphorylation" title="Dephosphorylation">dephosphorylation</a> of ATP into ADP while it transports H<sup>+</sup> to the other side of the membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, other enzymes that also fall into this category do not follow the same reaction scheme. This is the case of <a href="/wiki/Ascorbate_ferrireductase_(transmembrane)" title="Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)">ascorbate ferrireductase</a>: </p> <ul><li>ascorbate<sub>side 1</sub> + Fe(III)<sub>side 2</sub> = monodehydroascorbate<sub>side 1</sub> + Fe(II)<sub>side 2</sub></li></ul> <p>In which the enzyme only transports an electron in the catalysation of an oxidoreductase reaction between a molecule and an inorganic cation located on different sides of the membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic function, as already mentioned (see: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Definition">Translocase §&#160;Definition</a>), is to "catalyse the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes". This form of <a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport" title="Membrane transport">membrane transport</a> is classified under <a href="/wiki/Active_transport" title="Active transport">active membrane transport</a>, an energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes against a concentration gradient.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Translocases biological importance relies primarily on their critical function, in the way that they provide movement across the cell's membrane in many cellular processes that are substantial, such as: </p> <dl><dt>Oxidative phosphorylation</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adenine_nucleotide_translocator" title="Adenine nucleotide translocator">ADP/ATP translocase (ANT)</a> imports adenosine diphosphate ADP from the cytosol and exports ATP from the <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_matrix" title="Mitochondrial matrix">mitochondrial matrix</a>, which are key transport steps for <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation" title="Oxidative phosphorylation">oxidative phosphorylation</a> in eukaryotic organisms. ADP from the cytosol is transported back into the mitochondrion for ATP synthesis and the synthesised ATP, produced from oxidative phosphorylation, is exported out of the mitochondrion for use in the cytosol, providing the cells with its main energy currency.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg/220px-PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg/330px-PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg/440px-PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>TOM: <a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_outer_membrane" title="Translocase of the outer membrane">Translocase of the outer membrane</a>. Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Protein import into mitochondria</dt> <dd>Hundreds of proteins encoded by the nucleus are required for mitochondrial metabolism, growth, division, and partitioning to daughter cells, and all of these proteins must be imported into the organelle.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_outer_membrane" title="Translocase of the outer membrane">Translocase of the outer membrane</a> (TOM) and <a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_inner_membrane" title="Translocase of the inner membrane">translocase of the inner membrane</a> (TIM) mediate the import of proteins into the mitochondrion. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) sorts proteins via several mechanisms either directly to the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, or the translocase of the inner membrane (TIM). Then, generally, the TIM23 machinery mediates protein translocation into the matrix and the TIM22 machinery mediates insertion into the inner membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Fatty acids import into mitochondria (Carnitine Shuttle System)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase">Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT)</a> catalyzes both unidirectional transport of carnitine and carnitine/acylcarnitine exchange in the inner mitochondrial membrane, allowing the import of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are oxidized by the <a href="/wiki/Beta_oxidation" title="Beta oxidation">β-oxidation</a> pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to long-chain fatty acids, hence the need for this translocation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The enzyme subclasses designate the types of components that are being transferred, and the sub-subclasses indicate the reaction processes that provide the driving force for the translocation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]"><span id="EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons.5B13.5D"></span>EC 7.1 Catalysing the translocation of <a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">hydrons</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: EC 7.1 Catalysing the translocation of hydrons[13]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atp_synthase.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atp_synthase.PNG/220px-Atp_synthase.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atp_synthase.PNG/330px-Atp_synthase.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atp_synthase.PNG/440px-Atp_synthase.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Structure of an ATP synthase (EC 7.1.2.2)</figcaption></figure> <p>This subclass contains translocases that catalyze the translocation of <a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">hydrons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Based on the reaction they are linked to, EC 7.1 can be further classified into: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.1.1">EC 7.1.1</a> Hydron translocation or charge separation linked to <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductase reactions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.1.2">EC 7.1.2</a> Hydron translocation linked to the <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate" title="Nucleoside triphosphate">nucleoside triphosphate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.1.3">EC 7.1.3</a> Hydron translocation linked to the <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphosphate">diphosphate</a></li></ul> <p>An important translocase contained in this group is <a href="/wiki/ATP_synthase" title="ATP synthase">ATP synthase</a>, also known as EC 7.1.2.2. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3b8e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3b8e.png/220px-3b8e.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3b8e.png/330px-3b8e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3b8e.png/440px-3b8e.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Structure of the Na+/K+ ATPase (EC 7.2.2.13).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates">EC 7.2 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations and their chelates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: EC 7.2 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations and their chelates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This subclass contains translocases that transfer <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_ions" title="Inorganic ions">inorganic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a> (metal cations).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Based on the reaction they're linked to, EC 7.2 can be further classified into: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.2.1">EC 7.2.1</a> Translocation of inorganic cations linked to <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductase reactions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.2.2">EC 7.2.2</a> Translocation of inorganic cations linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.2.4">EC 7.2.4</a> Translocation of inorganic cations linked to decarboxylation</li></ul> <p>An important translocase contained in this group is <a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+ pump</a>, also known as EC 7.2.2.13. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions">EC 7.3 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic anions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: EC 7.3 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic anions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This subclass contains translocases that transfer inorganic cations anions. Subclasses are based on the reaction processes that provide the driving force for the translocation. At present only one subclass is represented: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2">EC 7.3.2</a> Translocation of inorganic anions linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2.1">7.3.2.1</a> ABC-type phosphate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high affinity uptake of phosphate anions. Unlike P-type <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPases</a>, it does not undergo <a href="/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation" title="Protein phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> during the transport process.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + phosphate [phosphate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + phosphate [side 2] + [phosphate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2.2">7.3.2.2</a> ABC-type phosphonate transporter</dt> <dd>The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of <a href="/wiki/Phosphonate" title="Phosphonate">phosphonate</a> and organophosphate anions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + phosphonate [phosphonate-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate [side 2] + [phosphonate- binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2.3">7.3.2.3</a> ABC-type sulfate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme from <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a> can interact with either of two <a href="/wiki/Periplasm" title="Periplasm">periplasmic</a> binding proteins and mediates the high affinity uptake of sulfate and thiosulfate. May also be involved in the uptake of selenite, selenate and possibly <a href="/wiki/Molybdate" title="Molybdate">molybdate</a>. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + sulfate [sulfate - binding protein] [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + sulfate [side 2] + [sulfate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2.4">7.3.2.4</a> ABC-type nitrate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of nitrate, nitrite, and cyanate.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + nitrate [nitrate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + nitrate [side 2] + [nitrate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2.5">7.3.2.5</a> ABC-type molybdate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high-affinity import of molybdate and <a href="/wiki/Tungstate" title="Tungstate">tungstate</a>. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + molybdate [molybdate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + molybdate [side 2] + [molybdate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3.2.6">7.3.2.6</a> ABC-type tungstate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Bacteria. The enzyme, characterized from the archaeon <a href="/wiki/Pyrococcus_furiosus" title="Pyrococcus furiosus">Pyrococcus furiosus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria" title="Gram-positive bacteria">Gram-positive</a> bacterium <a href="/wiki/Eubacterium" title="Eubacterium">Eubacterium</a> acidaminophilum and the <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative</a> bacterium <a href="/wiki/Campylobacter_jejuni" title="Campylobacter jejuni">Campylobacter jejuni</a>, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of tungstate into the cell for incorporation into tungsten-dependent enzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + tungstate [tungstate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + tungstate [side 2] + [tungstate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides">EC 7.4 Catalysing the translocation of amino acids and peptides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: EC 7.4 Catalysing the translocation of amino acids and peptides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subclasses are based on the reaction processes that provide the driving force for the translocation. At present there is only one subclass: EC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2">7.4.2</a> Translocation of amino acids and peptides linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.1">7.4.2.1</a> ABC-type polar-amino-acid transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of polar amino acids. This entry comprises bacterial enzymes that import <a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glutamine" title="Glutamine">Glutamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithine" title="Ornithine">ornithine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octopine" title="Octopine">octopine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nopaline" title="Nopaline">nopaline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + polar amino acid [polar amino acid-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid [side 2] + [polar amino acid-binding protein][side1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.2">7.4.2.2</a> ABC-type nonpolar-amino-acid transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein. This entry comprises enzymes that import <a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">Isoleucie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + non polar amino acid [non polar amino acid - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + non polar amino acid [side 2] + [non polar amino acid - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.3">7.4.2.3</a> ABC-type mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. A non-phosphorylated, non-ABC (ATP-binding cassette) ATPase involved in the transport of proteins or preproteins into mitochondria using the TIM (<a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_inner_membrane" title="Translocase of the inner membrane">Translocase of the Inner Membrane</a>) protein complex. TIM is the protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that contains three essential TIM proteins: <a href="/wiki/TIMM17A" title="TIMM17A">Tim17</a> and <a href="/wiki/TIMP3" title="TIMP3">Tim23</a> are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein <a href="/wiki/Hsp70" title="Hsp70">Hsp70</a> to form an ATP-driven import motor.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + mitochondrial protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + mitochondrial protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.4">7.4.2.4</a> ABC-type chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase</dt> <dd>The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms. Involved in the transport of proteins or preproteins into <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast stroma</a> (several ATPases may participate in this process).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + chloroplast protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + chloroplast protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.5">7.4.2.5</a> ABC-type protein transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. This entry stands for a family of bacterial enzymes that are dedicated to the secretion of one or several closely related proteins belonging to the toxin, <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipase" title="Lipase">lipase</a> families. Examples from Gram-negative bacteria include α-hemolysin, cyclolysin, <a href="/wiki/Colicin" title="Colicin">colicin V</a> and siderophores, while examples from Gram-positive bacteria include <a href="/wiki/Bacteriocin" title="Bacteriocin">bacteriocin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subtilisin" title="Subtilisin">subtilin</a>, competence factor and pediocin.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.6">7.4.2.6</a> ABC-type oligopeptide transporter</dt> <dd>A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of <a href="/wiki/Oligopeptide" title="Oligopeptide">oligopeptides</a> of varying nature. The binding protein determines the specificity of the system. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + oligopeptide [oligopeptide - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide [side 2] + [oligopeptide - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.7">7.4.2.7</a> ABC-type alpha-factor-pheromone transporter</dt> <dd>The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process. A yeast enzyme that exports the α-factor sex pheromone.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + alpha factor [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + alpha factor [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.8">7.4.2.8</a> ABC-type protein-secreting ATPase</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Bacteria. A non-phosphorylated, non-ABC (ATP-binding cassette) ATPase that is involved in protein transport.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + cellular protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + cellular protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.9">7.4.2.9</a> ABC-type dipeptide transporter</dt> <dd>The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type transporter, characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the uptake of dipeptides and tripeptides.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + dipeptide [dipeptide - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + [side 2] + [dipeptide - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.10">7.4.2.10</a> ABC-type glutathione transporter</dt> <dd>A prokaryotic ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type transporter, characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. The enzyme from the bacterium <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> is a heterotrimeric complex that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein to mediate the uptake of <a href="/wiki/Glutathione" title="Glutathione">glutathione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O glutathione [glutathione - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + glutathione [side 2] + [glutathione - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.11">7.4.2.11</a> ABC-type methionine transporter</dt> <dd>A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and functions to import <a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">methionine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>(1) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + L-methionine [methionine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + L-methionine [side 2] + [methionine - binding protein][side 1]</li> <li>(2) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + D-methionine [methionine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine [side 2] + [methionine - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.12">7.4.2.12</a> ABC-type cystine transporter</dt> <dd>A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high affinity import of trace cystine. The enzyme from <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> K-12 can import both isomers of cystine and a variety of related molecules including djenkolate, <a href="/wiki/Lanthionine" title="Lanthionine">lanthionine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diaminopimelate_decarboxylase" title="Diaminopimelate decarboxylase">diaminopimelate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homocystine" title="Homocystine">homocystine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>(1) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + L-cystine [cystine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + L-cystine [side 2] + [cystine - binding protein][side 1]</li> <li>(2) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + D-cystine [cystine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-cystine [side 2] + [cystine - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives">EC 7.5 Catalysing the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: EC 7.5 Catalysing the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.5.2">EC 7.5.2</a> Linked to the hydrolysis of a <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate" title="Nucleoside triphosphate">nucleoside triphosphate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds">EC 7.6 Catalysing the translocation of other compounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: EC 7.6 Catalysing the translocation of other compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.6.2">EC 7.6.2</a> Linked to the hydrolysis of a <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate" title="Nucleoside triphosphate">nucleoside triphosphate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine_translocase" title="Ornithine translocase">ornithine translocase</a> (SLC25A15), associated with <a href="/wiki/Ornithine_translocase_deficiency" title="Ornithine translocase deficiency">ornithine translocase deficiency</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase">carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase</a> (SLC25A20), associated with <a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase_deficiency" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency">carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency</a>.</li> <li>Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (<a href="/wiki/TOMM40" title="TOMM40">TOMM40</a>), a protein encoded by the TOMM40 gene, whose alleles differentially impact the risk for <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer&#39;s disease">Alzheimer's disease</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/cinfo.php?c=7&amp;sc=0&amp;ssc=">"EC class 7"</a>. <i>ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ExplorEnz+-+The+Enzyme+Database&amp;rft.atitle=EC+class+7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzyme-database.org%2Fcinfo.php%3Fc%3D7%26sc%3D0%26ssc%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTipton" class="citation web cs1">Tipton K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/news.php">"Translocases (EC 7): A new EC Class"</a>. <i>ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ExplorEnz+-+The+Enzyme+Database&amp;rft.atitle=Translocases+%28EC+7%29%3A+A+new+EC+Class&amp;rft.aulast=Tipton&amp;rft.aufirst=K&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzyme-database.org%2Fnews.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTiptonMcDonald2018" class="citation web cs1">Tipton K, McDonald A (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iubmb.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2790/2018/11/A-Brief-Guide-to-Enzyme-Classification-and-Nomenclature-rev.pdf">"A Brief Guide to Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+Guide+to+Enzyme+Nomenclature+and+Classification&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.aulast=Tipton&amp;rft.aufirst=K&amp;rft.au=McDonald%2C+A&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiubmb.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2790%2F2018%2F11%2FA-Brief-Guide-to-Enzyme-Classification-and-Nomenclature-rev.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=7.1.2.2">"ExplorEnz: EC 7.1.2.2"</a>. <i>www.enzyme-database.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.enzyme-database.org&amp;rft.atitle=ExplorEnz%3A+EC+7.1.2.2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzyme-database.org%2Fquery.php%3Fec%3D7.1.2.2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.2.1.3">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.2.1.3 - ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.2.1.3+-+ascorbate+ferrireductase+%28transmembrane%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.2.1.3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ck12.org/biology/active-transport/lesson/Active-Transport-Advanced-BIO-ADV/">"Active Transport"</a>. <i>CK-12 Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CK-12+Foundation&amp;rft.atitle=Active+Transport&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ck12.org%2Fbiology%2Factive-transport%2Flesson%2FActive-Transport-Advanced-BIO-ADV%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKunjiAleksandrovaKingMajd2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kunji ER, Aleksandrova A, King MS, Majd H, Ashton VL, Cerson E, et&#160;al. (October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61248/1/Review_for_BBA_final_reduced.pdf">"The transport mechanism of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research</i>. Channels and transporters in cell metabolism. <b>1863</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">2379–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbamcr.2016.03.015">10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.015</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27001633">27001633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+%28BBA%29+-+Molecular+Cell+Research&amp;rft.atitle=The+transport+mechanism+of+the+mitochondrial+ADP%2FATP+carrier&amp;rft.volume=1863&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2379-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&amp;rft.date=2016-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bbamcr.2016.03.015&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27001633&amp;rft.aulast=Kunji&amp;rft.aufirst=ER&amp;rft.au=Aleksandrova%2C+A&amp;rft.au=King%2C+MS&amp;rft.au=Majd%2C+H&amp;rft.au=Ashton%2C+VL&amp;rft.au=Cerson%2C+E&amp;rft.au=Springett%2C+R&amp;rft.au=Kibalchenko%2C+M&amp;rft.au=Tavoulari%2C+S&amp;rft.au=Crichton%2C+PG&amp;rft.au=Ruprecht%2C+JJ&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fueaeprints.uea.ac.uk%2F61248%2F1%2FReview_for_BBA_final_reduced.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRyanJensen1995" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan KR, Jensen RE (November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2895%2990089-6">"Protein translocation across mitochondrial membranes: what a long, strange trip it is"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>83</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">517–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2895%2990089-6">10.1016/0092-8674(95)90089-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7585952">7585952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell&amp;rft.atitle=Protein+translocation+across+mitochondrial+membranes%3A+what+a+long%2C+strange+trip+it+is&amp;rft.volume=83&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E517-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&amp;rft.date=1995-11&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0092-8674%2895%2990089-6&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7585952&amp;rft.aulast=Ryan&amp;rft.aufirst=KR&amp;rft.au=Jensen%2C+RE&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0092-8674%252895%252990089-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoehler2000" class="citation journal cs1">Koehler CM (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2800%2901664-1">"Protein translocation pathways of the mitochondrion"</a>. <i>FEBS Letters</i>. Birmingham Issue. <b>476</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">27–</span>31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2800%2901664-1">10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01664-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10878244">10878244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Protein+translocation+pathways+of+the+mitochondrion&amp;rft.volume=476&amp;rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&amp;rft.date=2000-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2800%2901664-1&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10878244&amp;rft.aulast=Koehler&amp;rft.aufirst=CM&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0014-5793%252800%252901664-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalmieri2008" class="citation journal cs1">Palmieri F (2008-07-01). "Diseases caused by defects of mitochondrial carriers: a review". <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics</i>. 15th European Bioenergetics Conference 2008. <b>1777</b> (<span class="nowrap">7–</span>8): <span class="nowrap">564–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbabio.2008.03.008">10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.03.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18406340">18406340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+%28BBA%29+-+Bioenergetics&amp;rft.atitle=Diseases+caused+by+defects+of+mitochondrial+carriers%3A+a+review&amp;rft.volume=1777&amp;rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E8&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E564-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&amp;rft.date=2008-07-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bbabio.2008.03.008&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18406340&amp;rft.aulast=Palmieri&amp;rft.aufirst=F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/FattyAcids/8_4.html">"Fatty Acids -- Transport and Regeneration"</a>. <i>library.med.utah.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=library.med.utah.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Fatty+Acids+--+Transport+and+Regeneration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.med.utah.edu%2FNetBiochem%2FFattyAcids%2F8_4.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/cinfo.php?c=7&amp;sc=0&amp;ssc=">"EC class 7"</a>. <i>ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ExplorEnz+-+The+Enzyme+Database&amp;rft.atitle=EC+class+7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzyme-database.org%2Fcinfo.php%3Fc%3D7%26sc%3D0%26ssc%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hydron</i> is a generic term that includes protons (<sup>1</sup>H<sup>+</sup>), deuterons (<sup>2</sup>H<sup>+</sup>) and tritons (<sup>3</sup>H<sup>+</sup>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.1">"EC 7.1 - Catalysing the translocation of hydrons"</a>. <i>IntEnz (Integrated relational Enzyme database)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IntEnz+%28Integrated+relational+Enzyme+database%29&amp;rft.atitle=EC+7.1+-+Catalysing+the+translocation+of+hydrons&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fintenz%2Fquery%3Fcmd%3DSearchEC%26ec%3D7.1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.2">"EC 7.2 - Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations"</a>. <i>IntEnz (Integrated relational Enzyme database)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IntEnz+%28Integrated+relational+Enzyme+database%29&amp;rft.atitle=EC+7.2+-+Catalysing+the+translocation+of+inorganic+cations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fintenz%2Fquery%3Fcmd%3DSearchEC%26ec%3D7.2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.3">"IntEnz - EC 7.3"</a>. <i>www.ebi.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ebi.ac.uk&amp;rft.atitle=IntEnz+-+EC+7.3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fintenz%2Fquery%3Fcmd%3DSearchEC%26ec%3D7.3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.3.2.1">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.3.2.1 - ABC-type phosphate transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.3.2.1+-+ABC-type+phosphate+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.3.2.1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.3.2.2">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.3.2.2 - ABC-type phosphonate transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.3.2.2+-+ABC-type+phosphonate+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.3.2.2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.3.2.3">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.3.2.3 - ABC-type sulfate transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.3.2.3+-+ABC-type+sulfate+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.3.2.3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.3.2.4">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.3.2.4 - ABC-type nitrate transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.3.2.4+-+ABC-type+nitrate+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.3.2.4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.3.2.5">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.3.2.5 - ABC-type molybdate transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.3.2.5+-+ABC-type+molybdate+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.3.2.5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.3.2.6">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.3.2.6 - ABC-type tungstate transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.3.2.6+-+ABC-type+tungstate+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.3.2.6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4">"IntEnz - EC 7.4"</a>. <i>www.ebi.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ebi.ac.uk&amp;rft.atitle=IntEnz+-+EC+7.4&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fintenz%2Fquery%3Fcmd%3DSearchEC%26ec%3D7.4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.1">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.1 - ABC-type polar-amino-acid transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.1+-+ABC-type+polar-amino-acid+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.2">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.2 - ABC-type nonpolar-amino-acid transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.2+-+ABC-type+nonpolar-amino-acid+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.3">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.3 - mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.3+-+mitochondrial+protein-transporting+ATPase&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.4">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.4 - chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.4+-+chloroplast+protein-transporting+ATPase&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.5">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.5 - ABC-type protein transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.5+-+ABC-type+protein+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.6">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.6 - ABC-type oligopeptide transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.6+-+ABC-type+oligopeptide+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.7">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.7 - ABC-type alpha-factor-pheromone transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.7+-+ABC-type+alpha-factor-pheromone+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.8">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.8 - protein-secreting ATPase"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.8+-+protein-secreting+ATPase&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.9">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.9 - ABC-type dipeptide transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&amp;rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.9+-+ABC-type+dipeptide+transporter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhea-db.org/reaction?id=29791">"Rhea - Annotated reactions database"</a>. <i>www.rhea-db.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.rhea-db.org&amp;rft.atitle=Rhea+-+Annotated+reactions+database&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhea-db.org%2Freaction%3Fid%3D29791&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhea-db.org/reaction?id=29779">"Rhea - Annotated reactions database"</a>. <i>www.rhea-db.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.rhea-db.org&amp;rft.atitle=Rhea+-+Annotated+reactions+database&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhea-db.org%2Freaction%3Fid%3D29779&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhea-db.org/reaction?id=29767">"Rhea - Annotated reactions database"</a>. <i>www.rhea-db.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.rhea-db.org&amp;rft.atitle=Rhea+-+Annotated+reactions+database&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhea-db.org%2Freaction%3Fid%3D29767&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&amp;ec=7.4.2.12">"IntEnz - EC 7.4.2.12"</a>. <i>www.ebi.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ebi.ac.uk&amp;rft.atitle=IntEnz+-+EC+7.4.2.12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fintenz%2Fquery%3Fcmd%3DSearchEC%26ec%3D7.4.2.12&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/21px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/42px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology</a></li></ul></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.next‐656f5b5bcf‐4jbhr Cached time: 20250308173448 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.404 seconds Real time usage: 0.506 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1737/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63122/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 336/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 128161/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.261/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5570660/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 422.820 1 -total 52.79% 223.208 1 Template:Reflist 39.82% 168.353 31 Template:Cite_web 19.15% 80.970 1 Template:Enzymes 18.69% 79.015 1 Template:Navbox 17.15% 72.524 1 Template:Short_description 9.89% 41.837 2 Template:Pagetype 5.39% 22.794 1 Template:Portal_bar 5.02% 21.235 4 Template:Cite_journal 4.78% 20.229 3 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:10953228:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250308173448 and revision id 1259799147. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;oldid=1259799147">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;oldid=1259799147</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translocases" title="Category:Translocases">Translocases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Membrane_proteins" title="Category:Membrane proteins">Membrane proteins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solute_carrier_family" title="Category:Solute carrier family">Solute carrier family</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 02:56<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translocase&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Translocase</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>11 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-mvfqt","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.404","walltime":"0.506","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1737,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":63122,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":336,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128161,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 422.820 1 -total"," 52.79% 223.208 1 Template:Reflist"," 39.82% 168.353 31 Template:Cite_web"," 19.15% 80.970 1 Template:Enzymes"," 18.69% 79.015 1 Template:Navbox"," 17.15% 72.524 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.89% 41.837 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.39% 22.794 1 Template:Portal_bar"," 5.02% 21.235 4 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.78% 20.229 3 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.261","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5570660,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.next-656f5b5bcf-4jbhr","timestamp":"20250308173448","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Translocase","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Translocase","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q909555","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q909555","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-04-28T20:36:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T02:56:09Z","headline":"class of enzymes"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10