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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mechanism of catalysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_catalysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>EC 7.1 Catalysing the translocation of hydrons<sup><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>EC 7.2 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations and their chelates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>EC 7.3 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic anions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>EC 7.4 Catalysing the translocation of amino acids and peptides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>EC 7.5 Catalysing the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>EC 7.6 Catalysing the translocation of other compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Class of enzymes</div> <p><b>Translocase</b> is a general term for a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that assists in moving another <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a>, usually across a cell membrane. <span class="anchor" id="Definition"></span>These <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> catalyze the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. The reaction is designated as a transfer from “side 1” to “side 2” because the designations “in” and “out”, which had previously been used, can be ambiguous.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Translocases are the most common <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_secretion_system" title="Bacterial secretion system">secretion system</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gram_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram positive">Gram positive</a> <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>. </p><p>It is also a historical term for the protein now called <a href="/wiki/Elongation_factor_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Elongation factor G">elongation factor G</a>, due to its function in moving the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA">transfer RNA</a> (tRNA) and <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNA</a> (mRNA) through the <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The enzyme classification and nomenclature list was first approved by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Biochemistry">International Union of Biochemistry</a> in 1961. Six enzyme classes had been recognized based on the type of chemical reaction catalyzed, including <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductases</a> (EC 1), <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">transferases</a> (EC 2), <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">hydrolases</a> (EC 3), <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">lyases</a> (EC 4), <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">isomerases</a> (EC 5) and <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">ligases</a> (EC 6). However, it became apparent that none of these could describe the important group of enzymes that catalyse the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. Several of these involve the hydrolysis of ATP and had been previously classified as <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPases</a> (EC 3.6.3.-), although the hydrolytic reaction is not their primary function. In August 2018, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology classified these enzymes under a new enzyme class (EC) of translocases (EC 7).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_catalysis">Mechanism of catalysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mechanism of catalysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reaction most translocases catalyse is: </p> <ul><li>AX + B<sub>side 1</sub>|| = A + X + || B<sub>side 2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A clear example of an enzyme that follows this scheme is <a href="/wiki/ATP_synthase" title="ATP synthase">H+-transporting two-sector ATPase:</a> </p> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + 4 H<sup>+</sup><sub>side 1</sub> = ADP + phosphate + 4 H<sup>+</sup><sub>side 2</sub><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Translocase_Mechanism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Translocase_Mechanism.jpg/220px-Translocase_Mechanism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Translocase_Mechanism.jpg/330px-Translocase_Mechanism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Translocase_Mechanism.jpg/440px-Translocase_Mechanism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="2561" /></a><figcaption>A) ATP-ADP translocase: protein responsible for the 1: 1 exchange of intramitochondrial ATP for ADP produced in the cytoplasm. B) Phosphate translocase: the transport of H2PO4- together with a proton are produced by symport H2PO4-/H+</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <p>This ATPase carries out the <a href="/wiki/Dephosphorylation" title="Dephosphorylation">dephosphorylation</a> of ATP into ADP while it transports H<sup>+</sup> to the other side of the membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, other enzymes that also fall into this category do not follow the same reaction scheme. This is the case of <a href="/wiki/Ascorbate_ferrireductase_(transmembrane)" title="Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)">ascorbate ferrireductase</a>: </p> <ul><li>ascorbate<sub>side 1</sub> + Fe(III)<sub>side 2</sub> = monodehydroascorbate<sub>side 1</sub> + Fe(II)<sub>side 2</sub></li></ul> <p>In which the enzyme only transports an electron in the catalysation of an oxidoreductase reaction between a molecule and an inorganic cation located on different sides of the membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic function, as already mentioned (see: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Definition">Translocase § Definition</a>), is to "catalyse the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes". This form of <a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport" title="Membrane transport">membrane transport</a> is classified under <a href="/wiki/Active_transport" title="Active transport">active membrane transport</a>, an energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes against a concentration gradient.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Translocases biological importance relies primarily on their critical function, in the way that they provide movement across the cell's membrane in many cellular processes that are substantial, such as: </p> <dl><dt>Oxidative phosphorylation</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adenine_nucleotide_translocator" title="Adenine nucleotide translocator">ADP/ATP translocase (ANT)</a> imports adenosine diphosphate ADP from the cytosol and exports ATP from the <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_matrix" title="Mitochondrial matrix">mitochondrial matrix</a>, which are key transport steps for <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation" title="Oxidative phosphorylation">oxidative phosphorylation</a> in eukaryotic organisms. ADP from the cytosol is transported back into the mitochondrion for ATP synthesis and the synthesised ATP, produced from oxidative phosphorylation, is exported out of the mitochondrion for use in the cytosol, providing the cells with its main energy currency.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg/220px-PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg/330px-PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg/440px-PBB_Protein_TOMM20_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>TOM: <a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_outer_membrane" title="Translocase of the outer membrane">Translocase of the outer membrane</a>. Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Protein import into mitochondria</dt> <dd>Hundreds of proteins encoded by the nucleus are required for mitochondrial metabolism, growth, division, and partitioning to daughter cells, and all of these proteins must be imported into the organelle.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_outer_membrane" title="Translocase of the outer membrane">Translocase of the outer membrane</a> (TOM) and <a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_inner_membrane" title="Translocase of the inner membrane">translocase of the inner membrane</a> (TIM) mediate the import of proteins into the mitochondrion. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) sorts proteins via several mechanisms either directly to the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, or the translocase of the inner membrane (TIM). Then, generally, the TIM23 machinery mediates protein translocation into the matrix and the TIM22 machinery mediates insertion into the inner membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Fatty acids import into mitochondria (Carnitine Shuttle System)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase">Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT)</a> catalyzes both unidirectional transport of carnitine and carnitine/acylcarnitine exchange in the inner mitochondrial membrane, allowing the import of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are oxidized by the <a href="/wiki/Beta_oxidation" title="Beta oxidation">β-oxidation</a> pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to long-chain fatty acids, hence the need for this translocation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The enzyme subclasses designate the types of components that are being transferred, and the sub-subclasses indicate the reaction processes that provide the driving force for the translocation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons[13]"><span id="EC_7.1_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_hydrons.5B13.5D"></span>EC 7.1 Catalysing the translocation of <a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">hydrons</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: EC 7.1 Catalysing the translocation of hydrons[13]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atp_synthase.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atp_synthase.PNG/220px-Atp_synthase.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atp_synthase.PNG/330px-Atp_synthase.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atp_synthase.PNG/440px-Atp_synthase.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Structure of an ATP synthase (EC 7.1.2.2)</figcaption></figure> <p>This subclass contains translocases that catalyze the translocation of <a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">hydrons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the reaction they are linked to, EC 7.1 can be further classified into: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.1.1">EC 7.1.1</a> Hydron translocation or charge separation linked to <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductase reactions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.1.2">EC 7.1.2</a> Hydron translocation linked to the <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate" title="Nucleoside triphosphate">nucleoside triphosphate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.1.3">EC 7.1.3</a> Hydron translocation linked to the <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphosphate">diphosphate</a></li></ul> <p>An important translocase contained in this group is <a href="/wiki/ATP_synthase" title="ATP synthase">ATP synthase</a>, also known as EC 7.1.2.2. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3b8e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3b8e.png/220px-3b8e.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3b8e.png/330px-3b8e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/3b8e.png/440px-3b8e.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Structure of the Na+/K+ ATPase (EC 7.2.2.13).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.2_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_cations_and_their_chelates">EC 7.2 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations and their chelates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: EC 7.2 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic cations and their chelates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This subclass contains translocases that transfer <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_ions" title="Inorganic ions">inorganic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a> (metal cations).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the reaction they're linked to, EC 7.2 can be further classified into: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.2.1">EC 7.2.1</a> Translocation of inorganic cations linked to <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductase reactions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.2.2">EC 7.2.2</a> Translocation of inorganic cations linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.2.4">EC 7.2.4</a> Translocation of inorganic cations linked to decarboxylation</li></ul> <p>An important translocase contained in this group is <a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+ pump</a>, also known as EC 7.2.2.13. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.3_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_inorganic_anions">EC 7.3 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic anions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: EC 7.3 Catalysing the translocation of inorganic anions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This subclass contains translocases that transfer inorganic cations anions. Subclasses are based on the reaction processes that provide the driving force for the translocation. At present only one subclass is represented: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2">EC 7.3.2</a> Translocation of inorganic anions linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2.1">7.3.2.1</a> ABC-type phosphate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high affinity uptake of phosphate anions. Unlike P-type <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPases</a>, it does not undergo <a href="/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation" title="Protein phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> during the transport process.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + phosphate [phosphate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + phosphate [side 2] + [phosphate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2.2">7.3.2.2</a> ABC-type phosphonate transporter</dt> <dd>The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of <a href="/wiki/Phosphonate" title="Phosphonate">phosphonate</a> and organophosphate anions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + phosphonate [phosphonate-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate [side 2] + [phosphonate- binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2.3">7.3.2.3</a> ABC-type sulfate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme from <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a> can interact with either of two <a href="/wiki/Periplasm" title="Periplasm">periplasmic</a> binding proteins and mediates the high affinity uptake of sulfate and thiosulfate. May also be involved in the uptake of selenite, selenate and possibly <a href="/wiki/Molybdate" title="Molybdate">molybdate</a>. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + sulfate [sulfate - binding protein] [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + sulfate [side 2] + [sulfate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2.4">7.3.2.4</a> ABC-type nitrate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of nitrate, nitrite, and cyanate.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + nitrate [nitrate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + nitrate [side 2] + [nitrate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2.5">7.3.2.5</a> ABC-type molybdate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high-affinity import of molybdate and <a href="/wiki/Tungstate" title="Tungstate">tungstate</a>. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + molybdate [molybdate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + molybdate [side 2] + [molybdate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.3.2.6">7.3.2.6</a> ABC-type tungstate transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Bacteria. The enzyme, characterized from the archaeon <a href="/wiki/Pyrococcus_furiosus" title="Pyrococcus furiosus">Pyrococcus furiosus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria" title="Gram-positive bacteria">Gram-positive</a> bacterium <a href="/wiki/Eubacterium" title="Eubacterium">Eubacterium</a> acidaminophilum and the <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative</a> bacterium <a href="/wiki/Campylobacter_jejuni" title="Campylobacter jejuni">Campylobacter jejuni</a>, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of tungstate into the cell for incorporation into tungsten-dependent enzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + tungstate [tungstate - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + tungstate [side 2] + [tungstate - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.4_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_amino_acids_and_peptides">EC 7.4 Catalysing the translocation of amino acids and peptides</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: EC 7.4 Catalysing the translocation of amino acids and peptides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subclasses are based on the reaction processes that provide the driving force for the translocation. At present there is only one subclass: EC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2">7.4.2</a> Translocation of amino acids and peptides linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.1">7.4.2.1</a> ABC-type polar-amino-acid transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of polar amino acids. This entry comprises bacterial enzymes that import <a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glutamine" title="Glutamine">Glutamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithine" title="Ornithine">ornithine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octopine" title="Octopine">octopine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nopaline" title="Nopaline">nopaline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + polar amino acid [polar amino acid-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid [side 2] + [polar amino acid-binding protein][side1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.2">7.4.2.2</a> ABC-type nonpolar-amino-acid transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. The enzyme, found in bacteria, interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein. This entry comprises enzymes that import <a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">Isoleucie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + non polar amino acid [non polar amino acid - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + non polar amino acid [side 2] + [non polar amino acid - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.3">7.4.2.3</a> ABC-type mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. A non-phosphorylated, non-ABC (ATP-binding cassette) ATPase involved in the transport of proteins or preproteins into mitochondria using the TIM (<a href="/wiki/Translocase_of_the_inner_membrane" title="Translocase of the inner membrane">Translocase of the Inner Membrane</a>) protein complex. TIM is the protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that contains three essential TIM proteins: <a href="/wiki/TIMM17A" title="TIMM17A">Tim17</a> and <a href="/wiki/TIMP3" title="TIMP3">Tim23</a> are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein <a href="/wiki/Hsp70" title="Hsp70">Hsp70</a> to form an ATP-driven import motor.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + mitochondrial protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + mitochondrial protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.4">7.4.2.4</a> ABC-type chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase</dt> <dd>The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms. Involved in the transport of proteins or preproteins into <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast stroma</a> (several ATPases may participate in this process).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + chloroplast protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + chloroplast protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.5">7.4.2.5</a> ABC-type protein transporter</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria. This entry stands for a family of bacterial enzymes that are dedicated to the secretion of one or several closely related proteins belonging to the toxin, <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipase" title="Lipase">lipase</a> families. Examples from Gram-negative bacteria include α-hemolysin, cyclolysin, <a href="/wiki/Colicin" title="Colicin">colicin V</a> and siderophores, while examples from Gram-positive bacteria include <a href="/wiki/Bacteriocin" title="Bacteriocin">bacteriocin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subtilisin" title="Subtilisin">subtilin</a>, competence factor and pediocin.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.6">7.4.2.6</a> ABC-type oligopeptide transporter</dt> <dd>A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the import of <a href="/wiki/Oligopeptide" title="Oligopeptide">oligopeptides</a> of varying nature. The binding protein determines the specificity of the system. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + oligopeptide [oligopeptide - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide [side 2] + [oligopeptide - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.7">7.4.2.7</a> ABC-type alpha-factor-pheromone transporter</dt> <dd>The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. Does not undergo phosphorylation during the transport process. A yeast enzyme that exports the α-factor sex pheromone.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + alpha factor [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + alpha factor [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.8">7.4.2.8</a> ABC-type protein-secreting ATPase</dt> <dd>The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Bacteria. A non-phosphorylated, non-ABC (ATP-binding cassette) ATPase that is involved in protein transport.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + cellular protein [side 1] = ADP + phosphate + cellular protein [side 2]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.9">7.4.2.9</a> ABC-type dipeptide transporter</dt> <dd>The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type transporter, characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the uptake of dipeptides and tripeptides.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + dipeptide [dipeptide - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + [side 2] + [dipeptide - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.10">7.4.2.10</a> ABC-type glutathione transporter</dt> <dd>A prokaryotic ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type transporter, characterized by the presence of two similar ATP-binding domains/proteins and two integral membrane domains/proteins. The enzyme from the bacterium <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> is a heterotrimeric complex that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein to mediate the uptake of <a href="/wiki/Glutathione" title="Glutathione">glutathione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O glutathione [glutathione - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + glutathione [side 2] + [glutathione - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.11">7.4.2.11</a> ABC-type methionine transporter</dt> <dd>A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and functions to import <a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">methionine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>(1) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + L-methionine [methionine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + L-methionine [side 2] + [methionine - binding protein][side 1]</li> <li>(2) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + D-methionine [methionine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine [side 2] + [methionine - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.4.2.12">7.4.2.12</a> ABC-type cystine transporter</dt> <dd>A bacterial enzyme that interacts with an extracytoplasmic substrate binding protein and mediates the high affinity import of trace cystine. The enzyme from <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> K-12 can import both isomers of cystine and a variety of related molecules including djenkolate, <a href="/wiki/Lanthionine" title="Lanthionine">lanthionine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diaminopimelate_decarboxylase" title="Diaminopimelate decarboxylase">diaminopimelate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homocystine" title="Homocystine">homocystine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>(1) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + L-cystine [cystine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + L-cystine [side 2] + [cystine - binding protein][side 1]</li> <li>(2) ATP + H<sub>2</sub>O + D-cystine [cystine - binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-cystine [side 2] + [cystine - binding protein][side 1]</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.5_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_carbohydrates_and_their_derivatives">EC 7.5 Catalysing the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: EC 7.5 Catalysing the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.5.2">EC 7.5.2</a> Linked to the hydrolysis of a <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate" title="Nucleoside triphosphate">nucleoside triphosphate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EC_7.6_Catalysing_the_translocation_of_other_compounds">EC 7.6 Catalysing the translocation of other compounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: EC 7.6 Catalysing the translocation of other compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=7.6.2">EC 7.6.2</a> Linked to the hydrolysis of a <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate" title="Nucleoside triphosphate">nucleoside triphosphate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine_translocase" title="Ornithine translocase">ornithine translocase</a> (SLC25A15), associated with <a href="/wiki/Ornithine_translocase_deficiency" title="Ornithine translocase deficiency">ornithine translocase deficiency</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase">carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase</a> (SLC25A20), associated with <a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase_deficiency" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency">carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency</a>.</li> <li>Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (<a href="/wiki/TOMM40" title="TOMM40">TOMM40</a>), a protein encoded by the TOMM40 gene, whose alleles differentially impact the risk for <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Translocase&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.1+-+ABC-type+polar-amino-acid+transporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.2">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.2 - ABC-type nonpolar-amino-acid transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brenda-enzymes.org&rft.atitle=BRENDA+-+Information+on+EC+7.4.2.4+-+chloroplast+protein-transporting+ATPase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.org%2Fenzyme.php%3Fecno%3D7.4.2.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranslocase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=7.4.2.5">"BRENDA - Information on EC 7.4.2.5 - ABC-type protein transporter"</a>. <i>www.brenda-enzymes.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" 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