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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Жила (електроніка) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жила (електроніка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2n_c%E1%BA%AFm" title="Chân cắm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chân cắm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A" title="引脚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="引脚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pin_(electronics)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (electronics)">Pin (electronics)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Electrical connection consisting of a length of wire or a metal pad</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an electrical connection. For a lead waveform, see <a href="/wiki/Phase_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase shift">phase shift</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lead_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lead (disambiguation)">Lead (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lead_(electronics)" title="Special:EditPage/Lead (electronics)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lead%22+electronics">"Lead" electronics</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lead%22+electronics+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lead%22+electronics&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lead%22+electronics+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lead%22+electronics">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lead%22+electronics&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lead_wires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Lead_wires.jpg/300px-Lead_wires.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Lead_wires.jpg/450px-Lead_wires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Lead_wires.jpg/600px-Lead_wires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Several kinds of lead wires. A lead wire is a metal wire connected from the electric pole of an electronics part or an electronic component. The lead wire is a coated copper wire, a tinned copper wire or another electrically conductive wire used to connect two locations electrically.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, a <b>lead</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>) or <b>pin</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_connector" title="Electrical connector">electrical connector</a> consisting of a length of <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a> or a metal pad (<a href="/wiki/Surface-mount_technology" title="Surface-mount technology">surface-mount technology</a>) that is designed to connect two locations <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electrically</a>. Leads are used for many purposes, including: transfer of power; testing of an electrical <a href="/wiki/Circuit_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit (electronics)">circuit</a> to see if it is working, using a test light or a <a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">multimeter</a>; transmitting information, as when the leads from an <a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">electrocardiograph</a> are attached to a person's body to transmit information about their heart rhythm; and sometimes to act as a <a href="/wiki/Heatsink" class="mw-redirect" title="Heatsink">heatsink</a>. The tiny leads coming off <a href="/wiki/Through-hole_technology" title="Through-hole technology">through-hole</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">electronic components</a> are also often called <i>pins</i>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Ball_grid_array" title="Ball grid array">ball grid array</a> packages, they are in form of small spheres, and are therefore called <a href="/wiki/Solder_ball" title="Solder ball">"balls"</a>. </p><p>Many electrical components such as <a href="/wiki/Capacitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Capacitors">capacitors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">resistors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inductor" title="Inductor">inductors</a> have only two leads, while some <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a> can have several hundred or even more than a thousand for the largest <a href="/wiki/Ball_grid_array" title="Ball grid array">ball grid array</a> packages. Integrated circuit pins often either bend under the package body like a letter "J" (J-lead) or come out, down, and form a flat foot for securing to the board (S-lead or gull-lead). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSP(lead-frame)_package_sideview.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/CSP%28lead-frame%29_package_sideview.PNG/220px-CSP%28lead-frame%29_package_sideview.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/CSP%28lead-frame%29_package_sideview.PNG/330px-CSP%28lead-frame%29_package_sideview.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/CSP%28lead-frame%29_package_sideview.PNG/440px-CSP%28lead-frame%29_package_sideview.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Lead frame of a surface-mount technology package</figcaption></figure> <p>Most kinds of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_packaging" title="Integrated circuit packaging">integrated circuit packaging</a> are made by placing a silicon chip on a <b>lead frame</b>, <a href="/wiki/Wire_bonding" title="Wire bonding">wire bonding</a> the chip to the metal leads of the lead frame, and covering the chip with plastic. The metal leads protruding from the plastic are then either "cut long" and bent to form through-hole pins, or "cut short" and bent to form surface-mount leads. Such lead frames are used for surface mount packages with leads – such as <a href="/wiki/Small_Outline_Integrated_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Outline Integrated Circuit">Small Outline Integrated Circuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Quad_Flat_Package" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad Flat Package">Quad Flat Package</a>  – and for through-hole packages such as <a href="/wiki/Dual_in-line_package" title="Dual in-line package">dual in-line package</a>  – and even for so-called <a href="/wiki/Plastic_leaded_chip_carrier#Leadless" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic leaded chip carrier">"leadless"</a> or "no‑lead" packages<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – such as <a href="/wiki/Quad_Flat_No-leads_package" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad Flat No-leads package">Quad Flat No‑leads package</a>. </p><p>The lead frame (and therefore the pins, if any, formed from that lead frame) are occasionally made from <a href="/wiki/Invar" title="Invar">Invar</a> or similar alloys, due to their low <a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion">coefficient of thermal expansion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electrical_effects">Electrical effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead_(electronics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Electrical effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many circuit designs it can be assumed that the leads do not contribute to the electrical effects of individual components. However, this assumption begins to break down at higher <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequencies</a> and at very small scales. These effects come from the physical construction of the leads. The leads are often metal connections that run from the rest of the circuit to the materials that each component is made of. This design results in a very small <a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacitance</a> between the ends of the leads where they connect to the device and very small <a href="/wiki/Inductance" title="Inductance">inductances</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical resistance">resistances</a> along each lead. Because the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_impedance" title="Electrical impedance">impedance</a> of each component is a function of the frequency of the signals being passed through the device and the inductance and capacitance of the device, the leads can cause substantial variation in the properties of components in <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequency</a> circuits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead_(electronics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Through-hole_technology" title="Through-hole technology">Through-hole technology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead_(electronics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freescale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/overview.jsp?code=TM_RD_PKG_LEADFRAME">"Lead Frame Packaging Technology"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shinko. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shinko.co.jp/english/product/leadframe/">"IC Package Lead Frame"</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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