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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Pengasingan+kaum" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Pengasingan+kaum" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pengasingan kaum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 51 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="عزل عنصري – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عزل عنصري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregaci%C3%B3n_racial" title="Segregación racial – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segregación racial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seqreqasiya" title="Seqreqasiya – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seqreqasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregasi_ras" title="Segregasi ras – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Segregasi ras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="জাতিগত বিভাজন – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতিগত বিভাজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сегрэгацыя – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сегрэгацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Расова сегрегация – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Расова сегрегация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregaci%C3%B3_racial" title="Segregació racial – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segregació racial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasov%C3%A1_segregace" title="Rasová segregace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rasová segregace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation" title="Segregation – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Segregation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassentrennung" title="Rassentrennung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rassentrennung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Φυλετικός διαχωρισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυλετικός διαχωρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Racial segregation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregaci%C3%B3n_racial" title="Segregación racial – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segregación racial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasa_segregacio" title="Rasa segregacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rasa segregacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arraza_segregazio" title="Arraza segregazio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arraza segregazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="جداسازی نژادی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جداسازی نژادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9gr%C3%A9gation_raciale" title="Ségrégation raciale – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ségrégation raciale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasseskieding" title="Rasseskieding – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rasseskieding" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregaci%C3%B3n_racial" title="Segregación racial – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Segregación racial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%A2%85_%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" title="인종 분리 정책 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인종 분리 정책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սեգրեգացիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեգրեգացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregazione_razziale" title="Segregazione razziale – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Segregazione razziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הפרדה גזעית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפרדה גזעית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სეგრეგაცია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეგრეგაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="نَسلی علحیدگی – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نَسلی علحیدگی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сегрегация – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сегрегация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сегрегация – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сегрегация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segreg%C4%81cija" title="Segregācija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Segregācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregacija" title="Segregacija – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Segregacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faji_szegreg%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Faji szegregáció – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Faji szegregáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassensegregatie" title="Rassensegregatie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rassensegregatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%AE%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" title="人種隔離 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人種隔離" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raseadskillelse" title="Raseadskillelse – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Raseadskillelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregatsiya" title="Segregatsiya – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Segregatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1)" title="توکمیز بیلوالی (توپیر) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توکمیز بیلوالی (توپیر)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregacja_rasowa" title="Segregacja rasowa – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Segregacja rasowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segrega%C3%A7%C3%A3o_racial" title="Segregação racial – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segregação racial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Расова сегрегация – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Расова сегрегация" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сегрегация – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сегрегация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndarja_racore" title="Ndarja racore – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndarja racore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Racial segregation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregacija" title="Segregacija – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Segregacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="جیاکردنەوەی نەژادیی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جیاکردنەوەی نەژادیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotuerottelu" title="Rotuerottelu – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rotuerottelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassegregering" title="Rassegregering – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rassegregering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panlahing_paghihiwalay" title="Panlahing paghihiwalay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panlahing paghihiwalay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="การแบ่งแยกเชื้อชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแบ่งแยกเชื้อชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_chia_ch%E1%BB%A7ng_t%E1%BB%99c" title="Phân chia chủng tộc – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân chia chủng tộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Сегрегація (суспільство) – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сегрегація (суспільство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB" title="种族隔离 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="种族隔离" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59816#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pengasingan_kaum" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Pengasingan_kaum&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pengasingan_kaum"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pengasingan_kaum"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Pengasingan_kaum" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Pengasingan_kaum" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&oldid=5069596" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Pengasingan_kaum&id=5069596&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPengasingan_kaum"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPengasingan_kaum"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pengasingan+kaum"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pengasingan_kaum&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Racial_segregation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59816" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><b>Pengasingan kaum</b> merupakan tindakan memisahkan atau mengasingkan kelompok masyarakat berdasarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ras (laman tidak wujud)">ras</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Etnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnik">etnik</a> yang wujud dalam kehidupan seharian. Ia berlaku dalam kontek kegiatan seharianyang bersifat pensendirian seperti di sekolah, mendapatkan perkhidmatan dan kemudahan (misalnya menggunakan rtnadas, menaiki pengangkutan awam) dan sebagainya.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pengasingan sebegini diharamkan dengan rasminya, namun ia bisa wujud secara <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>-nya melalui norma-norma masyarakat setempat meskipun kecenderungan indidividu terhadap tindakan ini tidak kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Principles to Guide Housing Policy at the Beginning of the Millennium</i>, Michael Schill & Susan Wachter, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cityscape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cityscape (laman tidak wujud)">Cityscape</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas C. Schelling (1969) "Models of segregation", <i>American Economic Review</i>, 1969, 59(2), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic185351.files/shelling1.pdf">488–493</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengasingan_kaum&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/488135/racial-segregation">Encyclopædia Britannica: Article on Racial Segregation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041114125050/http://www.skidmore.edu/~dkarp/Social%20Issues/E/history.html">A study of segregation</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Perkauman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_perkauman" title="Templat:Topik perkauman"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Topik_perkauman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Topik perkauman (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_perkauman&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Perkauman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Perkauman" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkauman">Perkauman</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadangan_Kesaksamaan_Perkauman,_1919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadangan Kesaksamaan Perkauman, 1919 (laman tidak wujud)">Racial Equality Proposal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_hak_awam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan hak awam (laman tidak wujud)">Gerakan hak awam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Holokus" title="Holokus">Holokus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkauman_mengikut_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkauman mengikut negara (laman tidak wujud)">Perkauman mengikut negara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_Selatan_bawah_aparteid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika Selatan bawah aparteid (laman tidak wujud)">Afrika Selatan bawah aparteid</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg/100px-1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg/150px-1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg/200px-1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologi perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_utama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa utama (laman tidak wujud)">Aryanisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketuanan_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketuanan Hitam (laman tidak wujud)">Ketuanan Hitam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahanisme (laman tidak wujud)">Kahanisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">Nazisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazisme" title="Neo-Nazisme">Neo-Nazisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_kulit_putih" title="Ketuanan kulit putih">Ketuanan kulit putih</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tindakan perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenayah_apartheid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenayah apartheid (laman tidak wujud)">Jenayah apartheid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pidato_kebencian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pidato kebencian (laman tidak wujud)">Pidato kebencian</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Perkauman_institusi" title="Perkauman institusi">Perkauman institusi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkauman_antara_minoriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkauman antara minoriti (laman tidak wujud)">Perkauman antara minoriti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pengasingan kaum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzik_perkauman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzik perkauman (laman tidak wujud)">Muzik perkauman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkauman_saintifik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkauman saintifik (laman tidak wujud)">Perkauman saintifik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Perhambaan" title="Perhambaan">Perhambaan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkauman_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkauman negara (laman tidak wujud)">Perkauman negara</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keganasan perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_etnik" title="Pembersihan etnik">Pembersihan etnik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Genosid" class="mw-redirect" title="Genosid">Genosid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jenayah_kebencian" title="Jenayah kebencian">Jenayah kebencian</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerombolan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerombolan (laman tidak wujud)">Gerombolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_perkauman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang perkauman (laman tidak wujud)">Perang perkauman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perkauman terhadap perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Arabisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Arabisme (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Arabisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Armenianisme (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Armenianisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sentimen_anti-Jerman" title="Sentimen anti-Jerman">Sentimen anti-Jerman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkauman_anti-Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkauman anti-Ireland (laman tidak wujud)">Perkauman anti-Ireland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Itali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Itali (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Itali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimen_anti-Jepun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimen anti-Jepun (laman tidak wujud)">Sentimen anti-Jepun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sentimen_anti-Korea" title="Sentimen anti-Korea">Sentimen anti-Korea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimen_anti-Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimen anti-Mexico (laman tidak wujud)">Sentimen anti-Mexico</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimen_anti-Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimen anti-Pakistan (laman tidak wujud)">Sentimen anti-Pakistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimen_anti-Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimen anti-Poland (laman tidak wujud)">Sentimen anti-Poland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">Antisemitisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antisemitisme_perkauman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antisemitisme perkauman (laman tidak wujud)">Antisemitisme perkauman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Turkisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Turkisme (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Turkisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimen_anti-Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimen anti-Ukraine (laman tidak wujud)">Sentimen anti-Ukraine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiziganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiziganisme (laman tidak wujud)">Antiziganisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankofobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frankofobia (laman tidak wujud)">Frankofobia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanofobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanofobia (laman tidak wujud)">Hispanofobia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indofobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indofobia (laman tidak wujud)">Indofobia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Rusofobia" title="Rusofobia">Rusofobia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sinofobia" title="Sinofobia">Sinofobia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Slavisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Slavisme (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Slavisme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumpulan perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heathen_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heathen Front (laman tidak wujud)">Heathen Front</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kach_and_Kahane_Chai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kach and Kahane Chai (laman tidak wujud)">Kach and Kahane Chai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Kebangsaan_Afrika_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Kebangsaan Afrika Selatan (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Kebangsaan Afrika Selatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Black_Panther_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Black Panther Party (laman tidak wujud)">New Black Panther Party</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_pertubuhan_ditugaskan_oleh_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_sebagai_kumpulan_kebencian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah pertubuhan ditugaskan oleh Southern Poverty Law Center sebagai kumpulan kebencian (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai SPLC</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumpulan dan gerakan<br />anti-perkauman</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Defamation_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Defamation League (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Defamation League</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Fascist_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Fascist Action (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-Fascist Action</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-rasisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-rasisme (laman tidak wujud)">Anti-rasisme</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faham_pelbagai_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faham pelbagai budaya (laman tidak wujud)">Faham pelbagai budaya</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepelbagaian_(politik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepelbagaian (politik) (laman tidak wujud)">Kepelbagaian</a>/<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fighting_Discrimination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fighting Discrimination (laman tidak wujud)">Fighting Discrimination</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_First&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Rights First (laman tidak wujud)">Human Rights First</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_hak_awam_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Gerakan hak awam Amerika Syarikat">Gerakan hak awam Amerika Syarikat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (laman tidak wujud)">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a><span 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