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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In African music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_African_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Bass" title="Miami Bass – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miami Bass" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miami bass" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="میامی بیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میامی بیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miami bass" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miami bass" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A1" title="מיאמי בס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיאמי בס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Miami bass" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miami bass" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miami bass" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_bass" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Miami bass</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">electro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">breakbeat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Mid-1980s, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">freestyle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop" title="Southern hip hop">Southern hip hop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Audio bass</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_music" title="Bounce music">bounce</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Florida" title="Music of Florida">Music of Florida</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Local scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Miami" title="Music of Miami">Music of Miami</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Dirty_rap" title="Dirty rap">Dirty rap</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Miami bass</b> (also known as <b>booty music</b> or <b>booty bass</b>) is a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> that became popular in the 1980s and 1990s. The use of drums from the <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-808" title="Roland TR-808">Roland TR-808</a>, sustained <a href="/wiki/Kick_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kick drum">kick drum</a>, heavy bass, raised <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">dance</a> tempos, and frequently sexually explicit lyrical content differentiate it from other hip hop subgenres. Music author <a href="/wiki/Richie_Unterberger" title="Richie Unterberger">Richie Unterberger</a> has characterized Miami bass as using rhythms with a "stop-start flavor" and "hissy" <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a> with lyrics that "reflected the language of the streets, particularly <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>'s historically black neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Liberty_City_(Miami)" title="Liberty City (Miami)">Liberty City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goulds,_Florida" title="Goulds, Florida">Goulds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Overtown_(Miami)" title="Overtown (Miami)">Overtown</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Miami bass never having consistent mainstream acceptance, early national media attention in the 1980s resulted in a profound impact on the development of <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bein2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bein2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s_(origins)"><span id="1980s_.28origins.29"></span>1980s (origins)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1980s (origins)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">Origin of Miami Bass</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvnaTYbHfog"><i> Bass Rock Express</i> by MC A.D.E.</a> credited as the first hit of the genre, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1d6Y7LxhGMg"><i>Throw the D</i> by 2 Live Crew</a> credited with international exposure and shaping the genre, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the 1980s, the focus of Miami bass tended to be on <a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">record producers</a>, rather than individual performers. <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Record labels</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pandisc_Records" title="Pandisc Records">Pandisc</a>, HOT Records, 4-Sight Records and <a href="/wiki/Luke_Records" title="Luke Records">Skyywalker Records</a> released much material of the genre. Unterberger has referred to James (<a href="/wiki/Maggotron" title="Maggotron">Maggotron</a>) McCauley (also known as DXJ, Maggozulu Too, Planet Detroit and Bass Master Khan) as the "father of Miami bass", a distinction McCauley himself denies, choosing rather to confer that status on producer Amos Larkins.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bein2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bein2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DJ <a href="/wiki/Kurtis_Mantronik" title="Kurtis Mantronik">Kurtis Mantronik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mantronix" title="Mantronix">Mantronix</a>) was a key influence on Miami bass. In particular, Mantronik's single "Bass Machine" (1986), featuring <a href="/wiki/Rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap">rap</a> vocals by <a href="/wiki/T_La_Rock" title="T La Rock">T La Rock</a>, was pivotal to the development of Miami bass.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/MC_ADE" title="MC ADE">MC ADE</a>'s "Bass Rock Express" (with music and beats produced by Amos Larkins) is often credited as being the first Miami bass record to gain underground popularity on an international scale.<sup id="cite_ref-Bein2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bein2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The single "Throw The D" by the group <a href="/wiki/2_Live_Crew" title="2 Live Crew">2 Live Crew</a> in January 1986 gave a permanent blueprint to how future Miami bass songs were written and produced.<sup id="cite_ref-Bein2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bein2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity">Popularity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Luther_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther Campbell">Luther "Luke Skyywalker" Campbell</a> along with David "Mr. Mixx" Hobbs of <a href="/wiki/2_Live_Crew" title="2 Live Crew">2 Live Crew</a> played a key role in popularizing Miami bass in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The group's 1986 release, <i><a href="/wiki/The_2_Live_Crew_Is_What_We_Are" title="The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are">The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are</a></i>, became controversial for its sexually explicit lyrics. 1989's <i><a href="/wiki/As_Nasty_As_They_Wanna_Be" class="mw-redirect" title="As Nasty As They Wanna Be">As Nasty As They Wanna Be</a></i>, along with its hit single "<a href="/wiki/Me_So_Horny" title="Me So Horny">Me So Horny</a>", proved more controversial still, leading to legal troubles for both 2 Live Crew and retailers selling the album (all charges were eventually overturned on appeal).<sup id="cite_ref-Bein2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bein2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the better part of the mid-'80s and early '90s, DJs such as Luke Skyywalker's Ghetto Style DJs, Norberto Morales' Triple M DJs, Super JD's MHF DJs, Space Funk DJs, Mohamed Moretta, <a href="/wiki/Hypno5ive" title="Hypno5ive">DJ Nice & Nasty</a>, Felix Sama, DJ Spin, Ramon Hernandez, Bass Master DJs, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Laz" title="DJ Laz">DJ Laz</a>, Earl "The Pearl" Little, Uncle Al, Ser MC, Raylo & Dem Damn Dogs, DJ Slice, K-Bass, Jam Pony Express and others were heavily involved in playing Miami bass at local outdoor events to large audiences at area beaches, parks, and fairs. </p><p>Clubs in South Florida, including <a href="/wiki/Jonzun_Crew" title="Jonzun Crew">Pac-Jam</a>, Superstars Rollertheque, Bass Station, Studio 183, Randolphs, Nepenthe, Video Powerhouse, Skylight Express, Beat Club and Club Boca, were hosting bass nights on a regular basis. Miami radio airplay and programming support was strong in the now defunct Rhythm 98, as well as WEDR and <a href="/wiki/WPOW" title="WPOW">WPOW</a> (Power 96). </p><p>Contribution and promotion of Miami bass also came out of <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>. 102 Jamz (<a href="/wiki/WQMP" class="mw-redirect" title="WQMP">WJHM</a>), a prominent Orlando radio station in the late '80s, featured Miami bass and helped its popularity rise in and around Central Florida. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Florida_breaks" title="Florida breaks">Florida breaks</a> was heavily influenced by Miami bass in addition to elements of <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a>, and deep bass that eventually created "The Orlando Sound". Thus, Miami bass quickly became a Florida staple. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the mid-1990s, the influence of Miami bass had spread outside South and Central Florida to all areas of Florida and the Southern United States. In the mid-1990s, it saw a commercial and mainstream resurgence, with Miami bass influenced artists such as <a href="/wiki/L%27Trimm" title="L'Trimm">L'Trimm</a>, <a href="/wiki/95_South" title="95 South">95 South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tag_Team_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag Team (group)">Tag Team</a>, <a href="/wiki/69_Boyz" title="69 Boyz">69 Boyz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quad_City_DJ%27s" title="Quad City DJ's">Quad City DJ's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freak_Nasty" title="Freak Nasty">Freak Nasty</a> all scoring big Miami bass hits. Examples of these songs are "<a href="/wiki/Whoomp!_(There_It_Is)" title="Whoomp! (There It Is)">Whoomp! (There It Is)</a>" by Tag Team in 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-google1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Tootsee_Roll" title="Tootsee Roll">Tootsee Roll</a>" by 69 Boyz in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/C%27mon_N%27_Ride_It_(The_Train)" title="C'mon N' Ride It (The Train)">C'mon N' Ride It (The Train)</a>" by the Quad City DJ's in 1996<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "<a href="/wiki/Whoot,_There_It_Is" title="Whoot, There It Is">Whoot, There It Is</a>" by <a href="/wiki/95_South" title="95 South">95 South</a> in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-google1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These songs all reached the top 20 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a> chart and exposed Miami bass nationally. These artists generally used a Miami bass sound and production but did it in a far less explicit and far more accessible way than had been previously done by Campbell and the <a href="/wiki/2_Live_Crew" title="2 Live Crew">2 Live Crew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miami bass is closely related to the electronic dance music genres of <a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">ghettotech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">booty house</a>, genres which combine <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> techno and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> house with the Miami bass sound. Ghettotech follows the same sexually oriented lyrics, hip-hop bass lines and streetwise attitude, but with harder, uptempo <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-909" title="Roland TR-909">Roland TR-909</a> techno-style kick beats. In 2007, contemporary hip-hop and R&B songs became more dance oriented, showing influences of Miami bass and techno, and are typically sped up to a "chipmunk" sound for faster tempos for dances such as juking, wu-tanging and bopping (usually only done in Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Counties in south Florida).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subgenres">Subgenres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subgenres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miami bass has been influenced by the cultural history of its wide-ranging community with the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Cuban_dance_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban dance music">Cuban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">Afro-Brazilian</a>-fused sub-genres that include <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">funk carioca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another subgenre of Miami bass is "car audio bass", which features an even more stripped down bass-heavy sound, tending to focus on either extremely hard <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-909" title="Roland TR-909">909 kicks</a> combined with <a href="/wiki/Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sine waves</a> or the classic <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-808" title="Roland TR-808">808 kick</a>, or sometimes simply the sine wave by itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some artist examples would be <a href="/wiki/DJ_Laz" title="DJ Laz">DJ Laz</a>, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Magic_Mike" title="DJ Magic Mike">DJ Magic Mike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Rican" title="Afro-Rican">Afro-Rican</a> (as Power Supply), <a href="/wiki/Techmaster_P.E.B." class="mw-redirect" title="Techmaster P.E.B.">Techmaster P.E.B.</a>, DJ Billy E, Bass 305 and Bass Patrol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stylistic_differences">Stylistic differences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Stylistic differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_African_music">In African music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In African music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></div> <p>Gqom, an African electronic dance genre that originated in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, South Africa, in the early 2010s, is sometimes conflated with Miami bass due to perceived similarities between Durban's cityscape and Miami's <a href="/wiki/South_Beach" title="South Beach">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Beach_(Miami_Beach)" title="North Beach (Miami Beach)">North Beach</a> areas as well as car culture (enhanced <a href="/wiki/Car_sound_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Car sound system">car sound systems</a>, with an emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">bass</a> to play or enjoy the genres). However, gqom and miami bass are distinct not only in their origins but also in their production styles.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pappawheelie. "Miami Bass: The Primer" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/miami-bass-the-primer.htm">Stylus Magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071106090924/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/weekly_article/miami-bass-the-primer.htm">Archived</a> 2007-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger,_Richie1999" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicusaroughgui0000unte/page/144"><i>Music USA: The Rough Guide</i></a>. The Rough Guides. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicusaroughgui0000unte/page/144">144–145</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-421-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-421-X"><bdi>1-85828-421-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+USA%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.pages=144-145&rft.pub=The+Rough+Guides&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85828-421-X&rft.au=Unterberger%2C+Richie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicusaroughgui0000unte%2Fpage%2F144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unterberger, pgs. 144 - 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bein2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bein2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bein2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bein2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bein2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bein2014_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBein2014" class="citation web cs1">Bein, Kat (November 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/tootsie-rolls-hoochie-mamas-and-cars-that-go-boom-the-story-of-miami-bass">"Tootsie Rolls, 'Hoochie Mamas,' and Cars That Go Boom: The Story of Miami Bass"</a>. <i>thump.vice.com</i>. VICE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608193207/https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/tootsie-rolls-hoochie-mamas-and-cars-that-go-boom-the-story-of-miami-bass">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Miami Bass, Booty Bass, Booty Music, or whatever you want to call it, changed the scenes of hip hop, dance music, and pop forever...The story of music's dirtiest genre reaches back to the '80s with roots set firmly in Afrika Bambaataa's elektro-funk...foundational artists Amos Larkins and Maggotron, both of whom have been credited as kicking the regional sound into motion. According to Stylus Magazine, Larkins and the Miami Bass conception can be traced back to the movie Knights of the City...Inspired by the humid and vice-ridden melting pot of cultures, ...MC A.D.E.'s "Bass Rock Express" gets the title for first hit of the genre, but it was 2 Live Crew who became the poster boys of movement. Record store owners who sold the album were arrested and charged with crimes of obscenity, and 2 Live Crew members were arrested just for playing shows...US Appeals Court system ruled rap was protected by First Amendment rights...2 Live Crew made it safe for hip-hop as we know it to exist. The influence of the genre is far-reaching...Miami Bass remains not only one of the most ridiculous and enjoyable genres of music in recent memory but also one of the most important.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thump.vice.com&rft.atitle=Tootsie+Rolls%2C+%27Hoochie+Mamas%2C%27+and+Cars+That+Go+Boom%3A+The+Story+of+Miami+Bass&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.aulast=Bein&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthump.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Ftootsie-rolls-hoochie-mamas-and-cars-that-go-boom-the-story-of-miami-bass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maggotron.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.largeup.com/2013/09/06/top-honors-is-kurtis-mantronik-the-real-king-of-the-trap-beats/">"Check It Deeply: Did Kurtis Mantronik Pioneer The Trap Beat?"</a>. <i>LargeUp</i>. September 6, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064547/http://www.largeup.com/2013/09/06/top-honors-is-kurtis-mantronik-the-real-king-of-the-trap-beats/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LargeUp&rft.atitle=Check+It+Deeply%3A+Did+Kurtis+Mantronik+Pioneer+The+Trap+Beat%3F&rft.date=2013-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.largeup.com%2F2013%2F09%2F06%2Ftop-honors-is-kurtis-mantronik-the-real-king-of-the-trap-beats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6BEEAAAAMBAJ"><i>Billboard - Google Boeken</i></a>. 1993-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard+-+Google+Boeken&rft.date=1993-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6BEEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YQgEAAAAMBAJ"><i>Billboard - Google Boeken</i></a>. 29 October 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240608111340/https://books.google.com/books?id=YQgEAAAAMBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard+-+Google+Boeken&rft.date=1994-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYQgEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xQcEAAAAMBAJ"><i>Billboard - Google Boeken</i></a>. 20 July 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Billboard+-+Google+Boeken&rft.date=1996-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxQcEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d2936">https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d2936</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarber2016" class="citation web cs1">Garber, David (September 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thump.vice.com/en_us/track/alpha-606-afro-cuban-electronic-stream-bmg-interview">"Traditional Drums, Miami Bass, and Abrasive Techno Intersect on Alpha 606's 'Afro-Cuban Electronics' Album"</a>. <i>thump.vice.com</i>. VICE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928000459/http://thump.vice.com/en_us/track/alpha-606-afro-cuban-electronic-stream-bmg-interview">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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VICE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608203837/https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/happy-colors-is-at-the-bleeding-edge-of-miamis-booming-edm-culture">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thump.vice.com&rft.atitle=Happy+Colors+is+at+the+Bleeding+Edge+of+Miami%27s+Booming+EDM+Culture&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Bein&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthump.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fhappy-colors-is-at-the-bleeding-edge-of-miamis-booming-edm-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/02/gqom-hashtags-feature">"What Is #Gqom? Learn More in H∆SHTAG$, Season II"</a>. <i>Redbull Music Academy</i>. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Redbull+Music+Academy&rft.atitle=What+Is+%23Gqom%3F+Learn+More+in+H%E2%88%86SHTAG%24%2C+Season+II&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.redbullmusicacademy.com%2F2017%2F02%2Fgqom-hashtags-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://djmag.com/longreads/motor-bass-how-car-culture-influences-electronic-music">"Motor Bass: how car culture influences electronic music"</a>. <i>DJ Mag</i>. 2021-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DJ+Mag&rft.atitle=Motor+Bass%3A+how+car+culture+influences+electronic+music&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdjmag.com%2Flongreads%2Fmotor-bass-how-car-culture-influences-electronic-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiami+bass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miami_bass&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusmagazine.com/feature.php?ID=1776">A primer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060226191910/http://stylusmagazine.com/feature.php?ID=1776">Archived</a> 2006-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Miami bass from <a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a></li> <li>Rap associated with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://305hiphop.com">Miami Music </a></li> <li>South Florida Hip Hop Online Radio -<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southfloridahiphop.com">Listen Now </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techno.org/electronic-music-guide/music.swf">Miami Bass</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917100011/http://techno.org/electronic-music-guide/music.swf">Archived</a> 2021-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ishkur%27s_Guide_to_Electronic_Music" title="Ishkur's Guide to Electronic Music">Ishkur's Guide to Electronic Music</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hip_hop" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; 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text-decoration: inherit;">Hip hop</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakdancing" title="Breakdancing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Breaking</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">DJing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Graffiti</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emceeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Emceeing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Emceeing</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatboxing" title="Beatboxing"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Beatboxing</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rap" title="Battle rap">Battle rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_fashion" title="Hip hop fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_activism" title="Hip hop activism">Activism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">Feminist activism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT hip hop">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_festivals" title="List of hip hop festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_theater" title="Hip-hop theater">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres">Genres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five-Percent Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Zulu_Nation" title="Universal Zulu Nation">Universal Zulu Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-school_hip_hop" title="Old-school hip hop">Old-school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-school_hip_hop" title="New-school hip hop">New school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_hip_hop" title="Golden age hip hop">Golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_underground_scene" title="Bristol underground scene">Bristol underground scene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Subgenres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">General</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_hip_hop" title="Alternative hip hop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hipster_hop" title="Hipster hop">Hipster hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_bap" title="Boom bap">Boom bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_music" title="Bounce music">Bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap#Road_rap" title="UK rap">Road rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_soul" title="Chipmunk soul">Chipmunk soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(rap)" title="Chopper (rap)">Chopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">Cloud rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_hip_hop" title="Comedy hip hop">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">Crunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_rap" title="Freestyle rap">Freestyle rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphy" title="Hyphy">Hyphy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin%27" title="Jerkin'">Jerkin'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumental hip hop">Instrumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofi_hip_hop" title="Lofi hip hop">Lofi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miami bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumble_rap" title="Mumble rap">Mumble rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerdcore" title="Nerdcore">Nerdcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chap_hop" title="Chap hop">Chap hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_hip_hop" title="Political hip hop">Political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_hip_hop#Conscious_hip_hop" title="Political hip hop">Conscious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rap" title="Progressive rap">Progressive rap</a></li> <li>Religious <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hip_hop" title="Jewish hip hop">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_music" title="Snap music">Snap music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop" title="Southern hip hop">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hip_hop" title="Underground hip hop">Underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_hip_hop" title="Hardcore hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hardcore</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_rap" title="Dirty rap">Dirty rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Gangsta rap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap#Mafioso_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Mafioso rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">G-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrorcore" title="Horrorcore">Horrorcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Trap_music" title="Trap music"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Trap music</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats#Afro_trap" title="Afrobeats">Afro trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_music" title="Drill music">Drill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_drill" title="Brooklyn drill">Brooklyn drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club#Jersey_club_rap" title="Jersey club">Jersey drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_drill#Sample_drill" title="Brooklyn drill">Sample drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_drill" title="UK drill">UK drill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Latin trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonk" title="Phonk">Phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_music" title="Plugg music">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(music_genre)" title="Rage (music genre)">Rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_on_Dying#Tread_style" title="Working on Dying">Tread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap#Trap_scene" title="UK rap">UK trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Fusion_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Fusion genres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Fusion_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">General</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_rap" title="Country rap">Country rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_soul" title="Hip hop soul">Hip hop soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_hip_hop" title="Industrial hip hop">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">New jack swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rap" title="Psychedelic rap">Psychedelic rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rap" title="Punk rap">Punk rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragga#Ragga_and_hip_hop_music" title="Ragga">Ragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_opera" title="Rap opera">Rap opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Rap metal</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal#Trap_metal" title="Rap metal">Trap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Ethnic_fusion_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_flava" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongo flava">Bongo flava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Cumbia rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_galsen" title="Hip hop galsen">Hip hop galsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipco" title="Hipco">Hipco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiplife" title="Hiplife">Hiplife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">Igbo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_bap" title="Low bap">Low bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motswako" title="Motswako">Motswako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_mele_paleoleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Na mele paleoleo">Na mele paleoleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican rap">Nuyorican rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romany_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Romany hip hop">Romany hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songo-salsa" title="Songo-salsa">Songo-salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scam_rap" title="Scam rap">Scam rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronda" title="Stronda">Stronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Pasifika" title="Urban Pasifika">Urban Pasifika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_rap" title="Vigilante rap">Vigilante rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenji_flava" title="Zenji flava">Zenji flava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hip_hop_genres#Derived_genres" title="List of hip hop genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Derivatives</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Electronic</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_breaks" title="Florida breaks">Florida breaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitch hop">Glitch hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_music" title="Grime music">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illbient" title="Illbient">Illbient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_(genre)" title="Wonky (genre)">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative reggaeton</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip_hop_by_country" title="Category:Hip hop by country"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional scenes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/African_hip_hop" title="African hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">African</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_hip_hop" title="Algerian hip hop">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Angolan hip hop">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_hip_hop" title="Beninese hip hop">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswana hip hop">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_hip_hop" title="Gambian hip hop">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghanaian hip hop">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_hip_hop" title="Ivorian hip hop">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip_hop" title="Kenyan hip hop">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_hip_hop" title="Malawian hip hop">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian hip hop">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_hip_hop" title="Moroccan hip hop">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian hip hop">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian hip hop">Nigerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Harcourt hip hop">Port Harcourt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_hip_hop" title="Nigerien hip hop">Nigerien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_hip_hop" title="Senegalese hip hop">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="South African hip hop">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_hip_hop" title="Tanzanian hip hop">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_hip_hop" title="Togolese hip hop">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambian hip hop">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_hip_hop" title="Zimbabwean hip hop">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_hip_hop" title="Asian hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Asian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia#Hip_hop" title="Music of Armenia">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_hip_hop" title="Azerbaijani hip hop">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_hip_hop" title="Bangladeshi hip hop">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_hip_hop" title="Burmese hip hop">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_hip_hop" title="Chinese hip hop">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hip_hop" title="Indian hip hop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi_hip_hop" title="Desi hip hop">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_hip_hop" title="Indonesian hip hop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" title="Japanese hip hop">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_hip_hop" title="Korean hip hop">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_hip_hop" title="Malaysian hip hop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_hip_hop" title="Mongolian hip hop">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_hip_hop" title="Nepalese hip hop">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani hip hop">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip_hop" title="Pinoy hip hop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_hip_hop" title="Singapore hip hop">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_hip_hop" title="Sri Lankan hip hop">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_hip_hop" title="Taiwanese hip hop">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_hip_hop" title="Thai hip hop">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/European_hip_hop" title="European hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">European</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_hip_hop" title="Albanian hip hop">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_hip_hop" title="Austrian hip hop">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_hip_hop" title="Belgian hip hop">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_and_Herzegovinian_hip_hop" title="Bosnian and Herzegovinian hip hop">Bosnian and Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rap" title="UK rap">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic hip hop">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_hip_hop" title="Scottish hip hop">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_hip_hop" title="Bulgarian hip hop">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_hip_hop" title="Croatian hip hop">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_hip_hop" title="Czech hip hop">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_hip_hop" title="Dutch hip hop">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_hip_hop" title="Finnish hip hop">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_hip_hop" title="French hip hop">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_hip_hop" title="German hip hop">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_hip_hop" title="Greek hip hop">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_tuga" title="Hip hop tuga">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_hip_hop" title="Hungarian hip hop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_hip_hop" title="Icelandic hip hop">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_hip_hop" title="Irish hip hop">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_hip_hop" title="Italian hip hop">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_hip_hop" title="Macedonian hip hop">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin hip hop">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian hip hop">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_hip_hop" title="Polish hip hop">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_hip_hop" title="Romanian hip hop">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romany_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Romany hip hop">Romany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_hip_hop" title="Russian hip hop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_hip_hop" title="Serbian hip hop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_hip_hop" title="Slovak hip hop">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_hip_hop" title="Slovenian hip hop">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip hop">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_hip_hop" title="Swedish hip hop">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_hip_hop" title="Swiss hip hop">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hip_hop" title="Ukrainian hip hop">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_hip_hop" title="Middle Eastern hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Middle Eastern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_hip_hop" title="Arabic hip hop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hip_hop" title="Egyptian hip hop">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" title="Iranian hip hop">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_hip_hop" title="Israeli hip hop">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_hip_hop" title="Lebanese hip hop">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hip_hop" title="Palestinian hip hop">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian hip hop">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian hip hop">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_hip_hop" title="Turkish hip hop">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_hip_hop" title="Yemeni hip hop">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:North_American_hip_hop" title="Category:North American hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North American</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist inline"><b>United States:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Jersey#Hip-Hop" title="Music of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Hip_hop" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Philadelphia#Hip_hop,_R&B,_and_Nu_Soul" title="Music of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Hip hop in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hip_hop" title="Chicago hip hop">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Hip_hop" title="Music of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_hip_hop" title="Twin Cities hip hop">Minneapolis/St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin hip hop">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Omaha#Hip_hop" title="Music of Omaha">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop" title="Southern hip hop">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_hip_hop" title="Atlanta hip hop">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_hip_hop" title="West Coast hip hop">West Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music_in_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Hip hop music in the Pacific Northwest">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Hip_Hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaskan Hip Hop">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_hip_hop" title="Asian American hip hop">Asian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_hip_hop" title="Native American hip hop">Native American</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist inline" style="display:block"><b>Outside the US:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_hip_hop" title="Canadian hip hop">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_hip_hop" title="Cuban hip hop">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic#Hip_hop" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_hip_hop" title="Haitian hip hop">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_hip_hop" title="Mexican hip hop">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_hip_hop" title="Salvadoran hip hop">Salvadoran</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_hip_hop" title="Category:Oceanian hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Oceanian</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_hip_hop" title="Australian hip hop">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_hip_hop" title="New Zealand hip hop">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;;background: darkblue; color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:South_American_hip_hop" title="Category:South American hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">South American</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hip_hop" title="Brazilian hip hop">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_hip_hop" title="Brasília hip hop">Brasília</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile#Hip_hop_and_rap" title="Music of Chile">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia#Colombian_urban_and_hip-hop_music" title="Music of Colombia">Colombian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: darkblue; color: white;;width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">Contemporary R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Record player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_skit" title="Hip hop skit">Hip hop skit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Music sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_and_social_injustice" title="Hip hop and social injustice">Social injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_vixen" title="Video vixen">Video vixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partner_violence_in_hip_hop" title="Partner violence in hip hop">Partner violence in hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_representations_in_hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT representations in hip hop music">LGBT representations in hip hop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">Feminist activism in hip hop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: darkblue; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hip_hop" title="Category:Hip hop"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hip_hop_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_hiphop_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Regional hiphop in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_hiphop_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Regional hiphop in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_hiphop_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional hiphop in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hip_hop_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_hip_hop" title="East Coast hip hop">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_mele_paleoleo" class="mw-redirect" title="Na mele paleoleo">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music_in_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Hip hop music in the Pacific Northwest">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop" title="Southern hip hop">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_hip_hop" title="West Coast hip hop">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Hip_Hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaskan Hip Hop">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_hip_hop" title="Atlanta hip hop">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hip_hop" title="Chicago hip hop">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denver#Hip-hop/rap" title="Music of Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Hip_hop" title="Music of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston hip hop">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-funk" title="G-funk">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangsta_rap" title="Gangsta rap">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_rap" title="Memphis rap">Memphis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_hip_hop" title="Twin Cities hip hop">Minneapolis/St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Bounce Music">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Hip_hop" title="Music of New York City">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphy" title="Hyphy">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Omaha#Hip_hop" title="Music of Omaha">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Philadelphia#Hip_hop,_R&B,_and_Nu_Soul" title="Music of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Hip hop in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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