CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-AU" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="description" content="A global, open, stable, and secure Internet that serves the entire Asia Pacific community"> <link rel="profile" href="//gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://blog.apnic.net"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cgi1.apnic.net"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://pi.pardot.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://cdn.pardot.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://info.apnic.net"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="//www.apnic.net/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="//www.apnic.net/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="//www.apnic.net/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="//www.apnic.net/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="//www.apnic.net/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="//www.apnic.net/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//www.apnic.net/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//www.apnic.net/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <meta name="application-name" content="APNIC"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//www.apnic.net/mstile-144x144.png"/>  <script> var link = document.createElement('meta'); link.setAttribute('property', 'og:url'); link.content = document.location; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(link); </script> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Community Technical Support | APNIC"/> <meta property="og:description" content="A global, open, stable, and secure Internet that serves the entire Asia Pacific community"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.apnic.net/facebook-og.png"/> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="APNIC Logo"/>  <meta name="twitter:title" content="Community Technical Support | APNIC"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.apnic.net/facebook-og.png"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="A global, open, stable, and secure Internet that serves the entire Asia Pacific community"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@apnic"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="apnic-user-ip" content="8.222.208.146"/> <title>Community Technical Support – APNIC</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//webdist.data.apnic.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="APNIC » Feed" href="https://www.apnic.net/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="APNIC » Comments Feed" href="https://www.apnic.net/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='related-frontend-css-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/plugins/related/css/frontend-style.css?ver=3.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-fonts-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/fonts/835628/D99FF905ACA9D69D2.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='apnic-css-style-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/style.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ninjaform-custom-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/css/ninjaform-custom.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='print-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/css/print.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='apnic-web-style-guide-css' href='https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/css/theme.min.css?ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='apnic-legacy-css-css' href='https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/dist/legacy.min.css?v=a6dca97434a9eef389555389e70e1e8a63698d9b6936a1f87628a3bd3236a97a&ver=6.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.apnic.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.apnic.net/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.apnic.net/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/1162" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.apnic.net/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.apnic.net/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnic.net%2Fcommunity%2Fsupport%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.apnic.net/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnic.net%2Fcommunity%2Fsupport%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="apnic-auth-authority-url" content="https://login.apnic.net/oauth2/apnic"/><meta name="apnic-auth-client-id" content="0oa4ns75t4zA1gwFc3l7"/><meta name="apnic-auth-redirect-uri" content="https://www.apnic.net//auth-callback"/><meta name="apnic-auth-home-redirect-uri" content="https://www.apnic.net/"/><meta name="apnic-auth-silent-redirect-uri" content="https://www.apnic.net/silent-renew-oidc"/><meta name="apnic-theme-data-list" content="{"footerAsideLinks":[{"label_en_us":"Privacy","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/corporate-documents\/documents\/corporate\/privacy\/"},{"label_en_us":"Contact","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/organization\/contact-apnic\/"},{"label_en_us":"Help Centre","link":"https:\/\/help.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"NRO News","link":"https:\/\/www.nro.net\/category\/news"},{"label_en_us":"Service Status","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/service-updates\/"},{"label_en_us":"Careers","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/employment\/"},{"label_en_us":"Feedback","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/send-us-feedback"}],"footerLogo":{"label_en_us":"APNIC Home","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/"},"footerSocialLinks":[{"label_en_us":"Facebook","link":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/APNIC","iconClass":"fab fa-facebook"},{"label_en_us":"Twitter","link":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/apnic","iconClass":"fab fa-twitter"},{"label_en_us":"YouTube","link":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/apnicmultimedia","iconClass":"fab fa-youtube"},{"label_en_us":"Flickr","link":"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/apnic\/","iconClass":"fab fa-flickr"},{"label_en_us":"Weibo","link":"https:\/\/weibo.com\/APNICrir","iconClass":"fab fa-weibo"},{"label_en_us":"Slideshare","link":"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/apnic","iconClass":"fab fa-slideshare"},{"label_en_us":"LinkedIn","link":"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/apnic","iconClass":"fab fa-linkedin-in"},{"label_en_us":"RSS","link":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/feed\/","iconClass":"fas fa-rss"}],"omnibarCurrentUserAccountLinks":[{"label_en_us":"MyAPNIC","link":"https:\/\/my.apnic.net"},{"label_en_us":"Personal profile","link":"https:\/\/profile.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"Passwords & Security","link":"https:\/\/profile.apnic.net\/password-security"}],"omnibarCurrentUserMembershipLinks":[{"label_en_us":"Link existing membership","link":"https:\/\/resources.apnic.net\/auth\/nm-landing-page.html","isLogout":false},{"label_en_us":"New membership application","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/apnic-membership\/","isLogout":false},{"label_en_us":"Log out","link":"https:\/\/profile.apnic.net\/single-logout","isLogout":true}],"omnibarLogo":{"label_en_us":"APNIC Home","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/"},"omnibarQuickLinks":[{"label_en_us":"MyAPNIC","link":"https:\/\/my.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"Academy","link":"https:\/\/academy.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"Orbit","link":"https:\/\/orbit.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"REx","link":"https:\/\/rex.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"DASH","link":"https:\/\/dash.apnic.net\/"}],"apnicPrimaryNavigation":[{"label_en_us":"Get IP","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/get-ip-addresses-asn\/","children":[{"label_en_us":"Get IP","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/get-ip-addresses-asn\/"},{"label_en_us":"Make a payment","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/apnic-membership\/billing-procedure\/make-a-payment\/"},{"label_en_us":"Membership","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/apnic-membership\/"},{"label_en_us":"FAQs","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/faqs\/"}]},{"label_en_us":"Manage IP","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/manage-ip\/","children":[{"label_en_us":"MyAPNIC","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/manage-ip\/myapnic\/"},{"label_en_us":"Using Whois","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/manage-ip\/using-whois\/"},{"label_en_us":"IPv4 exhaustion","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/manage-ip\/ipv4-exhaustion\/"},{"label_en_us":"Go IPv6","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/ipv6\/"},{"label_en_us":"Routing Registry","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/manage-ip\/apnic-services\/routing-registry\/"},{"label_en_us":"Make a payment","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/apnic-membership\/billing-procedure\/make-a-payment\/"}]},{"label_en_us":"Training","link":"https:\/\/training.apnic.net\/","children":[{"label_en_us":"About","link":"https:\/\/training.apnic.net\/about\/"},{"label_en_us":"Events","link":"https:\/\/training.apnic.net\/events"},{"label_en_us":"APNIC Academy","link":"https:\/\/academy.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"Community Trainers","link":"https:\/\/training.apnic.net\/community-trainers\/"},{"label_en_us":"Courses","link":"https:\/\/training.apnic.net\/courses"}]},{"label_en_us":"Events","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/events\/","children":[{"label_en_us":"Conferences","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/events\/conferences\/"},{"label_en_us":"Calendar","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/events\/calendar"},{"label_en_us":"Sponsorship","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/events\/sponsor-an-event"},{"label_en_us":"Code of Conduct","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/events\/apnic-community-code-of-conduct\/"}]},{"label_en_us":"Insights","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/insights","children":[{"label_en_us":"APNIC Labs","link":"https:\/\/labs.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"DASH to secure your networks","link":"https:\/\/dash.apnic.net\/?utm_source=insights&amp;utm_medium=button&amp;utm_campaign=insights_page"},{"label_en_us":"REx","link":"https:\/\/rex.apnic.net\/?utm_source=insights&amp;utm_medium=button&amp;utm_campaign=insights_page"},{"label_en_us":"Raw Data","link":"https:\/\/ftp.apnic.net\/public\/stats\/apnic"}]},{"label_en_us":"Community","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/","children":[{"label_en_us":"Orbit","link":"https:\/\/orbit.apnic.net\/news-feed\/"},{"label_en_us":"Community demographics","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/community-demographics\/"},{"label_en_us":"Policy Development","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/policy\/"},{"label_en_us":"Fellowship","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/fellowship\/"},{"label_en_us":"Addressing policies","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/policy\/current\/"},{"label_en_us":"Internet community","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/ecosystem\/"},{"label_en_us":"Code of Conduct","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/events\/apnic-community-code-of-conduct\/"},{"label_en_us":"Technical Assistance","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/support\/technical-assistance\/"},{"label_en_us":"Root servers","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/support\/root-servers\/"},{"label_en_us":"Security at APNIC","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/security\/"},{"label_en_us":"ISIF Asia","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/support\/isif\/"},{"label_en_us":"APNIC Foundation","link":"https:\/\/apnic.foundation"},{"label_en_us":"NRO Number Council (NC)","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/participate\/elections\/nro-elections\/"}]},{"label_en_us":"Blog","link":"https:\/\/blog.apnic.net\/"},{"label_en_us":"Help Centre","link":"https:\/\/help.apnic.net\/s\/"},{"label_en_us":"About","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/","children":[{"label_en_us":"APNIC Region","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/organization\/apnic-region\/"},{"label_en_us":"APNIC Membership","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/get-ip\/apnic-membership\/"},{"label_en_us":"Executive Council","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/organization\/structure\/apnic-executive-council\/"},{"label_en_us":"Service updates","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/service-updates\/"},{"label_en_us":"Team","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/team\/"},{"label_en_us":"Annual Reports","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/corporate-documents\/annual-reports\/"},{"label_en_us":"Transparency","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/transparency\/"},{"label_en_us":"APNIC Survey","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/community\/participate\/member-feedback\/"},{"label_en_us":"Corporate Documents","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/corporate-documents\/"},{"label_en_us":"Publications Archive","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/publications-archive\/"},{"label_en_us":"Careers","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/employment\/"},{"label_en_us":"Glossary","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/a-z-glossary\/"}]},{"label_en_us":"Contact","link":"https:\/\/www.apnic.net\/about-apnic\/organization\/contact-apnic\/"}]}"/><link rel="prefetch" href="https://cloud.typography.com/6771312/722504/css/fonts.css"> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden !important; } </style> <link href="https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/dist/index-v9OMD31C_.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <style> #community-support-section .grid { border-top: 1px solid silver; padding-top: 20px; } #community-support-section img { width: 125px; max-width: 100%; } #community-support-list h5 { margin: 15px 5px; } </style>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5DX29TX');</script>  <style type="text/css"> body { margin: 0 0 127px; } body.blog { margin: 0 0 127px; } </style> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-custom-two-column page-template-custom-two-column-php page page-id-1162 page-parent page-child parent-pageid-712">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5DX29TX" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a class="skip-link sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#main"> <div class="container"> Skip to content </div> </a> <nav class="omnibar omnibar--desktop-no-logo"> <div class="container omnibar__container"> <div class="omnibar__group-left"> <div class="omnibar-logo__container"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net"> <img class="omnibar-logo__image" src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/images/apnic-reverse.svg" alt="APNIC Home"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="omnibar__group-right"> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="omnibar-hamburger__toggle omnibar-hamburger__toggle--desktop dropdown-toggle" id="omnibarHamburgerButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <img class="omnibar-hamburger__icon" src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/images/icon-square-kebab.svg" aria-hidden="true" alt=""> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right omnibar-quick-links__wrap" aria-labelledby="omnibarHamburgerButton" style="display: none;"> <a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://my.apnic.net/">MyAPNIC</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://academy.apnic.net/">Academy</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://blog.apnic.net/">Blog</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://orbit.apnic.net/">Orbit</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://rex.apnic.net/">REx</a><a class="dropdown-item omnibar-quick-links__link" href="https://dash.apnic.net/">DASH</a> </div> </div> <div id="apnic-omnibar-auth" style="display: flex;"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual contextual--grey"> <div class="container contextual__container"> <div class="container_group-left"> <a class="contextual__h1-link" href="/"> <h1 class="contextual__h1">Home</h1> </a> </div> <div class="container_group-right d-flex"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <form role="search" method="post" action="https://www.apnic.net" class="form-inline omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__search"> <label class="sr-only" for="form-search">Whois and website search</label> <input type="text" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__search-input" id="form-search" name="s" value="" aria-label="Search" placeholder="WHOIS & WEBSITE"> <button type="submit" class="btn omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__search-submit apnic-recaptcha-verification-submit"> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> <span class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </form> </div> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__all-caps"> <a href="https://wq.apnic.net/whois-search/static/search.html">Advanced Whois</a> </div> </div> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__all-caps"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/">Make a payment</a> </div> </div> <div class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-secondary__item"> <div id="ip"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="contextual__navbar-mobile"> <div class="dropdown omnibar-contextual-search__dropdown"> <a class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle omnibar-contextual-search__toggle" href="#" role="button" id="mobileContextualSearch" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="omnibar-contextual-search__toggle-text--toggled">Close Search</span> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu omnibar-contextual-search__wrap" aria-labelledby="mobileContextualSearch"> <form class="form-inline omnibar-contextual-search__form" role="search" method="get" action="https://www.apnic.net"> <div class="input-group w-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="contextualSearchInput">Search APNIC.net OR enter Whois database query</label> <input type="text" class="form-control omnibar-contextual-search__input" name="s" value="" id="contextualSearchInput" placeholder="Search APNIC.net OR enter Whois database query"> <i class="fas fa-search omnibar-contextual-search__icon"></i> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown contextual__dropdown"> <a class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle omnibar-contextual-hamburger__toggle" href="#" role="button" id="mobileContextualMenu" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu omnibar-contextual__wrap" aria-labelledby="mobileContextualMenu">  <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Get IP</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Get IP</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Make a payment</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Membership</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/faqs/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">FAQs</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Manage IP</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/myapnic/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">MyAPNIC</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/using-whois/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Using Whois</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/ipv4-exhaustion/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">IPv4 exhaustion</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Go IPv6</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/apnic-services/routing-registry/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Routing Registry</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Make a payment</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Training</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/about/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">About</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/events" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Events</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://academy.apnic.net/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Academy</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/community-trainers/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Community Trainers</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/courses" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Courses</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Events</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/conferences/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Conferences</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/calendar" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Calendar</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/sponsor-an-event" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Sponsorship</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Code of Conduct</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Insights</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://labs.apnic.net/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Labs</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://dash.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">DASH to secure your networks</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://rex.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">REx</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://ftp.apnic.net/public/stats/apnic" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Raw Data</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">Community</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://orbit.apnic.net/news-feed/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Orbit</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/community-demographics/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Community demographics</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Policy Development</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/fellowship/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Fellowship</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/current/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Addressing policies</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ecosystem/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Internet community</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Code of Conduct</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/technical-assistance/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Technical Assistance</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/root-servers/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Root servers</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/security/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Security at APNIC</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/isif/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">ISIF Asia</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://apnic.foundation" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Foundation</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/elections/nro-elections/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">NRO Number Council (NC)</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link <?php echo ?>" href="https://blog.apnic.net/"> Blog </a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link <?php echo ?>" href="https://help.apnic.net/s/"> Help Centre </a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <button class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__button ">About</button> <ul class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav"> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/apnic-region/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Region</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Membership</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/structure/apnic-executive-council/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Executive Council</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/service-updates/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Service updates</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/team/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Team</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/annual-reports/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Annual Reports</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/transparency/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Transparency</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/member-feedback/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">APNIC Survey</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Corporate Documents</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/publications-archive/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Publications Archive</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/employment/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Careers</a> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/a-z-glossary/" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-sub-nav__link">Glossary</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link <?php echo omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link--last-of-section ?>" href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/contact-apnic/"> Contact </a> </li> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link--alt" href="https://wq.apnic.net/whois-search/static/search.html" >Advanced Whois</a> </li> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <a class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link--alt" href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/" >Make a payment</a> </li> <li class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__item"> <div id="ipSecondary" class="omnibar-contextual-navigation-mobile-nav__link"></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav><header class="apnic-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8"> <div class="apnic-header-brand"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/" aria-label="APNIC Home"> <img src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/images/apnic.svg" alt="APNIC Home"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 d-none d-lg-block text-right"> <div id="glyph" class="header-glyph" style="z-index: 1;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </header><nav class="navbar apnic-main-nav navbar-expand-lg" id="apnic-navbar-content"> <div class="container"> <ul class="navbar-nav nav nav-pills justify-content-end ml-auto"> <li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/" aria-expanded="false">Get IP</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/get-ip-addresses-asn/">Get IP</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/">Make a payment</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/">Membership</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/faqs/">FAQs</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/" aria-expanded="false">Manage IP</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/myapnic/">MyAPNIC</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/using-whois/">Using Whois</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/ipv4-exhaustion/">IPv4 exhaustion</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6/">Go IPv6</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/apnic-services/routing-registry/">Routing Registry</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/billing-procedure/make-a-payment/">Make a payment</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/" aria-expanded="false">Training</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/about/">About</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/events">Events</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://academy.apnic.net/">APNIC Academy</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/community-trainers/">Community Trainers</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://training.apnic.net/courses">Courses</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/" aria-expanded="false">Events</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/conferences/">Conferences</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/calendar">Calendar</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/sponsor-an-event">Sponsorship</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/">Code of Conduct</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/insights" aria-expanded="false">Insights</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://labs.apnic.net/">APNIC Labs</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://dash.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page">DASH to secure your networks</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://rex.apnic.net/?utm_source=insights&utm_medium=button&utm_campaign=insights_page">REx</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://ftp.apnic.net/public/stats/apnic">Raw Data</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/" aria-expanded="false">Community</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://orbit.apnic.net/news-feed/">Orbit</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/community-demographics/">Community demographics</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/">Policy Development</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/fellowship/">Fellowship</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/current/">Addressing policies</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ecosystem/">Internet community</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/events/apnic-community-code-of-conduct/">Code of Conduct</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/technical-assistance/">Technical Assistance</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/root-servers/">Root servers</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/security/">Security at APNIC</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/isif/">ISIF Asia</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://apnic.foundation">APNIC Foundation</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/elections/nro-elections/">NRO Number Council (NC)</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item"> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/"> Blog </a> </li><li class="navigation-item"> <a href="https://help.apnic.net/s/"> Help Centre </a> </li><li class="navigation-item has-dropdown"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/" aria-expanded="false">About</a> <ul class="navigation-sub-menu"> <li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/apnic-region/">APNIC Region</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/get-ip/apnic-membership/">APNIC Membership</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/structure/apnic-executive-council/">Executive Council</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/service-updates/">Service updates</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/team/">Team</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/transparency/">Transparency</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/member-feedback/">APNIC Survey</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/">Corporate Documents</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/publications-archive/">Publications Archive</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/employment/">Careers</a> </li><li class="navigation-sub-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/a-z-glossary/">Glossary</a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="navigation-item"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/contact-apnic/"> Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="shadowbox"></div> </nav>  <main id="main"> <div class="container"> <div class="content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-9 order-md-2"> <div class="content-main bs3-wrapper"> <article id="post-1162" class="post-1162 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <header class="content-main-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">Community Technical Support</h1> </header>  <div class="content-main-body"> <p>APNIC provides financial, technical, and informational support to the Internet technical community to promote the growth of the Internet, particularly in developing economies where the deployment of Internet services can be challenging.</p> <div id="community-support-section"> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/support/research/"><img decoding="async" title="Research, information and outreach" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/research-thumbnail.png" alt="Research, information and outreach"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/support/research/">Research, information and outreach</a></h4> <p>Get up-to-date information on routing, security, DNS, IPv6, policy and IP addressing issues.</p> <p><a href="https://stats.apnic.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Statistics</a> | <a href="/community/ipv6/">IPv6</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/support/network-operator-groups/"><img decoding="async" title="Supporting NOGs" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nogs-thumbnail.png" alt="Supporting NOGs"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/support/network-operator-groups/">Supporting NOGs</a></h4> <p>Share experiences, make new industry contacts, and learn from other network operators in your local economy by participating in NOG events. There are more than <a href="/community/support/network-operator-groups/">15 NOGs</a> in the APNIC region and new groups are being formed regularly.</p> <p><a href="/community/support/network-operator-groups/">NOGs</a></p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/support/technical-assistance/"><img decoding="async" title="Technical Assistance" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/technical-assistance-thumbnail.png" alt="Technical Assistance"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/support/technical-assistance/">Technical Assistance</a></h4> <p>APNIC provides Technical Assistance to better support APNIC Members by understanding the issues they face in their day-to-day network operations, and by sharing expertise on best and current Internet technical practice.</p> <p><a href="mailto:helpdesk@apnic.net">Request Technical Assistance</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/support/memberships-and-partnerships/"><img decoding="async" title="Membership and partnerships" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/membership-thumbnail.png" alt="Membership and partnerships"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/support/memberships-and-partnerships/">Membership and partnerships</a></h4> <p>APNIC has established relationships with several regional and global organizations.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/fellowship/"><img decoding="async" title="Fellowships" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/fellowship-thumbnail.png" alt="Fellowships"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/fellowship/">Fellowships</a></h4> <p>Every year, APNIC provides fellowships – financial support and guidance – to members of the Asia Pacific Internet community to allow them to attend <a href="/events/conferences/">conferences</a> where they can engage and learn from recognized international experts.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/support/apnic-hackathons/"><img decoding="async" title="APNIC Hackathons" src="/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Hackathon_APRICOT-2018.jpg" alt="APNIC Hackathons"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/support/apnic-hackathons/">APNIC Hackathons</a></h4> <p>APNIC Hackathons provide network operators, researchers, designers, students, developers and others the opportunity to participate in ‘hacking’ (coding, programming and software development) on topics of community interest.</p> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/support/internet-infrastructure/"><img decoding="async" title="Internet infrastructure" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/internet-infrastructurethumbnail.png" alt="Internet infrastructure"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/support/internet-infrastructure/">Internet infrastructure</a></h4> <p>As part our commitment to sustainably developing Internet infrastructure and skills in the Asia Pacific, APNIC assists with the deployment and maintenance of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and root servers.</p> <p><a href="/community/support/internet-infrastructure/">IXPs</a> | <a href="/community/support/root-servers/">Root servers</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="grid grid-inline"> <div class="col size-1-of-5"><a href="/community/security/security-cooperation/#CERTs"><img decoding="async" title="CERTs" src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/certs-thumbnail.png" alt="CERTs"></a></div> <div class="col size-4-of-5"> <h4><a href="/community/security/security-cooperation/#CERTs">CERTs</a></h4> <p>Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) or Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) are expert groups that respond to cybersecurity incidents, such as malware, DDoS, and ransomware attacks. These groups play a vital role in the maintenance of the networks that make up the Internet.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBJDKBFSLqs&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><i class="fab fa-youtube"></i> <span> What is a CERT?</span></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </article>  </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-3 order-md-1"> <nav class="content-navigation">  <ul class="child-sidebar-menu" data-level="1"><li class="page_item page-item-52022 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/community-demographics/">Community demographics</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-67243 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/send-us-feedback">Send us feedback</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-165 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/">Resource Policies</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-58755 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/fellowship/">Fellowship</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1086 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ecosystem/">APNIC in the Internet ecosystem</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1179 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/">Participate</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1162 current_page_item menu-item has_children current-menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/" aria-current="page">Community Technical Support</a><ul class="grandchild-sidebar-menu level-0 children" data-level="2"><li class="page_item page-item-5422 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/research/">Research, information and outreach</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1169 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/network-operator-groups/">Supporting Network Operator Groups</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1166 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/memberships-and-partnerships/">Memberships & Partnerships</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-23333 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/apnic-hackathons/">APNIC Hackathons</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-17021 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/internet-infrastructure/">Internet infrastructure</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-17231 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/certs/">CERTs</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1167 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/root-servers/">Root server deployments</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1164 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/isif/">ISIF Program</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1170 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/support/ttm/">Test Traffic Measurement service</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-16333 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/security/">Security at APNIC</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-4435 menu-item has_children"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6/">IPv6@APNIC</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-17219 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/apnic-foundation/">APNIC Foundation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-993 menu-item"><a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/post-ipv4/">APNIC IPv4 post-exhaustion</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2"> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/" aria-label="APNIC Home"> <div class="footer-logo"> <span class="sr-only">APNIC Home</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-10"> <div class="footer-social"> Connect with us <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/APNIC" class="fab fa-facebook"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://twitter.com/apnic" class="fab fa-twitter"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/apnicmultimedia" class="fab fa-youtube"><span class="sr-only">YouTube</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/apnic/" class="fab fa-flickr"><span class="sr-only">Flickr</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://weibo.com/APNICrir" class="fab fa-weibo"><span class="sr-only">Weibo</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/apnic" class="fab fa-slideshare"><span class="sr-only">Slideshare</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/apnic" class="fab fa-linkedin-in"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li><li> <a href="https://blog.apnic.net/feed/" class="fas fa-rss"><span class="sr-only">RSS</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-aside"> <small class="footer-aside-copyright"> <span>© <span class="footer-aside-copyright-year">2025</span> APNIC</span> <span class="footer-aside-copyright-abn">ABN 42 081 528 010</span> </small> <ul class="footer-aside-links"> <li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/corporate-documents/documents/corporate/privacy/">Privacy</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/organization/contact-apnic/">Contact</a> </li><li> <a href="https://help.apnic.net/">Help Centre</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.nro.net/category/news">NRO News</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/service-updates/">Service Status</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/employment/">Careers</a> </li><li> <a href="https://www.apnic.net/community/send-us-feedback">Feedback</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer><script type="application/javascript"> // Remove no-js class. document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace("no-js", "js"); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=6f04bd49a84b1c20e596100492150a9e07591c0e697ce8f09238df716b302473&ver=6.7" id="bootstrap-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://webdist.data.apnic.net/web-framework-theme/9.1.5/js/theme.min.js?ver=6.7" id="apnic-js-main-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/assets/scripts/main.js?v=dcefb91493639c2084b51c3761e42cffab7e29cff47193268bb382bbbf2b1385&ver=6.7" id="main-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/assets/scripts/navigation.js?v=1bcc293e9718db4020586b436fc8f10cd713ccb8691af196504cc019294e693e&ver=6.7" id="navigation-scripts-js"></script> <script></script> <script src="https://www.apnic.net/wp-content/themes/apnic/dist/index-vCKgLUTCz.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function ($) { window.onloadCallback = function() { var primarySearchs = document.getElementsByClassName("apnic-recaptcha-verification-submit"); for (const primarySearch of primarySearchs) { grecaptcha.render(primarySearch, { sitekey: '6LdMcPopAAAAABQqGIdPsWD2zLkKL5EyJiJTQlmX', callback: function (token) { var captchaResponse = document.createElement("input"); captchaResponse.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); captchaResponse.setAttribute('name', 'captcha_response'); captchaResponse.setAttribute('value', token); primarySearch.parentElement.appendChild(captchaResponse); $(primarySearch).closest('form').unbind('submit').submit(); } }); } // In the situation where a user visits the search without a token // contained within the request, we will attempt a resubmission to // return back to search with a valid token. if (window.forceReCaptchaOnDemand === true && primarySearchs.length > 0) { primarySearchs[0].click(); } }; })(window.jQuery); </script> <script src="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onloadCallback&render=explicit" async defer> </script></body> </html>