CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>The APNIC Foundation</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Feed" href="https://apnic.foundation/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title=" » Comments Feed" href="https://apnic.foundation/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/apnic.foundation\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://apnic.foundation/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <style id='gutena-accordion-style-inline-css'> .gutena-accordion-block{display:grid;row-gap:calc(var(--gutena--accordion-panel-spacing, 20)*1px)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel{background-color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-background-color);border:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-border);border-radius:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-border-radius);cursor:pointer;margin:0!important}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title{color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-color);cursor:pointer;padding:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-padding,20px);transition:.4s}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title.editor{padding-bottom:0}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner{align-items:center;-moz-column-gap:10px;column-gap:10px;display:flex;margin:0;padding:0}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner div,.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner p{color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-color,var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary))!important;font-family:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-family,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-family--secondary));font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--p));font-style:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-style,inherit);font-weight:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-weight);line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--p));text-transform:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-text-transform)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-plus-minus{align-items:center;display:flex;height:20px;justify-content:center;margin-left:auto;position:relative;width:20px}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-plus-minus>.horizontal{background-color:#313233;height:2px;opacity:1;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-90deg);transition:all .2s ease-in-out;width:60%}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-plus-minus>.vertical{background-color:#313233;height:60%;transform:rotate(-90deg);transition:all .2s ease-in-out;width:2px}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-up-down{display:inline-block;height:1.1rem;margin-left:auto;position:relative;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:1.1rem}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-up-down>.horizontal{background-color:#313233;bottom:0;display:inline-block;height:.1rem;left:0;position:absolute;transform:rotate(45deg);transition:all .2s ease;width:.66rem}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-up-down>.vertical{background-color:#313233;bottom:0;display:inline-block;height:.1rem;position:absolute;right:0;transform:rotate(-45deg);transition:all .2s ease;width:.66rem}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h1{font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--hone));line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--hone))}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h1,.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h2{color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-color,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary))!important;font-family:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-family,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-family--primary));font-weight:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-weight,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-weight--semi-bold));text-transform:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-text-transform)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h2{font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--htwo));line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--htwo))}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h3{font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--hthree));line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--hthree))}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h3,.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h4{color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-color,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary))!important;font-family:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-family,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-family--primary));font-weight:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-weight,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-weight--semi-bold));text-transform:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-text-transform)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h4{font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--hfour));line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--hfour))}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h5{font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--hfive));line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--hfive))}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h5,.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h6{color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-color,var(--wp--preset--color--secondary))!important;font-family:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-family,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-family--primary));font-weight:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-weight,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-weight--semi-bold));text-transform:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-text-transform)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner h6{font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-size--hsix));line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--hsix))}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content{color:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-color,var(--wp--preset--color--tertiary));cursor:default;font-family:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-font-family,var(--wp--custom--typography--font-family--secondary));font-size:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-font-size,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--p));font-style:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-font-style);font-weight:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-font-weight);line-height:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-line-height,var(--wp--custom--typography--line-height--p));text-transform:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-content-text-transform)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content .wp-block-image:last-of-type,.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content figcaption:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content:not(.editor){max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height .2s ease-out}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content-inner{margin-top:calc(var(--gutena--accordion-panel-title-content-spacing)*1px);padding:var(--gutena--accordion-panel-padding,20px);padding-top:0}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-content-inner>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel.active>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title{padding-bottom:0}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel.active>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-plus-minus>.horizontal{opacity:0;transform:rotate(90deg)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel.active>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-plus-minus>.vertical{transform:rotate(90deg)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel.active>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-up-down>.horizontal{transform:rotate(-45deg)}.gutena-accordion-block>.gutena-accordion-block__panel.active>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title>.gutena-accordion-block__panel-title-inner>.trigger-up-down>.vertical{transform:rotate(45deg)} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:var(--base-2);color:var(--contrast);}a{color:var(--accent);}a{text-decoration:underline;}.entry-title a, .site-branding a, a.button, .wp-block-button__link, .main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--contrast);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (max-width: 500px) and (min-width: 769px){.inside-header{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;}.site-logo, .site-branding{margin-bottom:1.5em;}#site-navigation{margin:0 auto;}.header-widget{margin-top:1.5em;}}.generate-back-to-top{font-size:20px;border-radius:3px;position:fixed;bottom:30px;right:30px;line-height:40px;width:40px;text-align:center;z-index:10;transition:opacity 300ms ease-in-out;opacity:0.1;transform:translateY(1000px);}.generate-back-to-top__show{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);}.navigation-search{position:absolute;left:-99999px;pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden;z-index:20;width:100%;top:0;transition:opacity 100ms ease-in-out;opacity:0;}.navigation-search.nav-search-active{left:0;right:0;pointer-events:auto;visibility:visible;opacity:1;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{outline:0;border:0;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:1;opacity:0.9;width:100%;z-index:20;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;height:60px;}.navigation-search input::-ms-clear{display:none;width:0;height:0;}.navigation-search input::-ms-reveal{display:none;width:0;height:0;}.navigation-search input::-webkit-search-decoration, .navigation-search input::-webkit-search-cancel-button, .navigation-search input::-webkit-search-results-button, .navigation-search input::-webkit-search-results-decoration{display:none;}.gen-sidebar-nav .navigation-search{top:auto;bottom:0;}.dropdown-click .main-navigation ul ul{display:none;visibility:hidden;}.dropdown-click .main-navigation ul ul ul.toggled-on{left:0;top:auto;position:relative;box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.dropdown-click .main-navigation ul ul li:last-child > ul.toggled-on{border-bottom:0;}.dropdown-click .main-navigation ul.toggled-on, .dropdown-click .main-navigation ul li.sfHover > ul.toggled-on{display:block;left:auto;right:auto;opacity:1;visibility:visible;pointer-events:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible;float:none;}.dropdown-click .main-navigation.sub-menu-left .sub-menu.toggled-on, .dropdown-click .main-navigation.sub-menu-left ul li.sfHover > ul.toggled-on{right:0;}.dropdown-click nav ul ul ul{background-color:transparent;}.dropdown-click .widget-area .main-navigation ul ul{top:auto;position:absolute;float:none;width:100%;left:-99999px;}.dropdown-click .widget-area .main-navigation ul ul.toggled-on{position:relative;left:0;right:0;}.dropdown-click .widget-area.sidebar .main-navigation ul li.sfHover ul, .dropdown-click .widget-area.sidebar .main-navigation ul li:hover ul{right:0;left:0;}.dropdown-click .sfHover > a > .dropdown-menu-toggle > .gp-icon svg{transform:rotate(180deg);}.menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle[role="presentation"]{pointer-events:none;}:root{--contrast:#222222;--contrast-2:#575760;--contrast-3:#b2b2be;--base:#f0f0f0;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#1e73be;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast);}.site-description{color:var(--contrast-2);}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:hover,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:focus,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base-3);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--accent);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--accent);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--accent);}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast-2);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-2);}.sidebar .widget{background-color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets{background-color:var(--base-3);}.site-info{background-color:var(--base-3);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--base);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:#55555e;}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3f4047;}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:#6aa33a;color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:#6aa33a;color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width:768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--contrast);}}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-40px;width:calc(100% + 80px);max-width:calc(100% + 80px);}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-top-bar{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-header{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:30%;}.site-content .content-area{width:70%;}@media (max-width:768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%;}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/style.css?ver=1729555256' media='all' /> <script src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/plugins/gutena-accordion/build/view.js?ver=5ee49e43fe188c4120bb" id="gutena-accordion-script-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/71" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://apnic.foundation/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://apnic.foundation/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://apnic.foundation/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapnic.foundation%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapnic.foundation%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="apnic-rest-api-nonce" content="0b6c5c6df0" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/img/favicon-32x32.png?v=008543cc0d14c8a4cdbc1c8fe460fb85b9aab72496a452bc6d4b9ef4854767f1" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/img/favicon-16x16.png?v=0608a308a614d1bd41b930d4811fe014f698630ac417beb3a039f462309eb77b" sizes="16x16"> <link href="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/dist/main/app.css?v=ccbf2383af0c3c49afc9080a23a79edd076c57f5768bb1beb07bb4a351372b63" rel="stylesheet"/>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M9DQB3M');</script>  </head> <body class="home page-template page-template-page-templates page-template-frontpage page-template-page-templatesfrontpage-php page page-id-71 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive right-sidebar nav-float-right separate-containers nav-search-enabled header-aligned-left dropdown-click dropdown-click-menu-item" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemscope>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M9DQB3M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a><div class="header-container"> <div class="bg-line"><span></span></div> <div class="header-content-block">      <header class="site-header has-inline-mobile-toggle" id="masthead" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope> <div class="inside-header grid-container"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://apnic.foundation/" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="" src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Foundation-logo.png" width="209" height="113" /> </a> </div> <nav class="main-navigation mobile-menu-control-wrapper" id="mobile-menu-control-wrapper" aria-label="Mobile Toggle"> <div class="menu-bar-items"><span class="menu-bar-item search-item"><a aria-label="Open Search Bar" href="#"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a></span></div> <button data-nav="site-navigation" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> </nav> <nav class="main-navigation has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <form method="get" class="search-form navigation-search" action="https://apnic.foundation/"> <input type="search" class="search-field" value="" name="s" title="Search" /> </form> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="mobile-menu">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-1036" class="green-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1036"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Open Sub-Menu">Who we are<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-840"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/who-we-are/background/">Our History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-842"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/who-we-are/strategic-plan/">Strategic Plan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-847"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/who-we-are/annual-report/">Annual Report</a></li> <li id="menu-item-848" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-848"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/who-we-are/board/">Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-849" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-849"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/who-we-are/staff/">Staff</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1037" class="green-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1037"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Open Sub-Menu">What we do<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-833"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/what-we-do/our-work/">Our Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-854"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/projects/">Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-855"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/partner-with-us/">Partner with us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1038" class="red-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1038"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Open Sub-Menu">ISIF Asia<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-868" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-868"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/isif-asia/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-871"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/isif-asia/about/selection-committee/">Selection Committee</a></li> <li id="menu-item-865" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-865"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/isif-asia/apply-for-funding/">Apply for funding</a></li> <li id="menu-item-872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-872"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/isif-asia/apply-for-funding/faq/">Funding FAQ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1040" class="green-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1040"><a href="#" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Open Sub-Menu">News & Resources<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1041"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/news-and-resources/blog/">Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-877" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-877"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/news-and-resources/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4476"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/careers/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-836" class="green-menu menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-836"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"><span class="menu-bar-item search-item"><a aria-label="Open Search Bar" href="#"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="grid-container container header-buttons p-sm-0"> <div class="header-cta"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <a href="/what-we-do/partner-with-us/" class="btn-apply btn-cta mb-3"> <span>Partner with us</span> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <a href="/what-we-do/projects/" class="btn-discover btn-cta mb-3"> <span>Supporting the community</span> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <a href="/isif-asia/apply-for-funding/" class="btn-partnership btn-cta mb-3"> <span>Apply for funding</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="home front-page site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <div class="foundation-programs"> <div class="grid-container px-3"> <div class="row p-0 m-0"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="text-content"> <p> <strong>The APNIC Foundation</strong> is dedicated to a global, open, stable and secure Internet that is affordable and accessible to the entire Asia Pacific community. </p> <p> The Foundation achieves this vision by enhancing investment in Internet development across three areas: </p> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-items-center align-content-center justify-content-center justify-content-sm-start programs"> <a href="/isif-asia/apply-for-funding/#infrastructure" target="_blank"> <div class="program"> <svg width="173" height="173" viewBox="0 0 173 173" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M86.2996 169.599C132.305 169.599 169.599 132.305 169.599 86.2996C169.599 40.2945 132.305 3 86.2996 3C40.2945 3 3 40.2945 3 86.2996C3 132.305 40.2945 169.599 86.2996 169.599Z" fill="#E6A743" stroke="white" stroke-width="5" stroke-miterlimit="10"/> <path d="M47.3752 107.941C36.9787 97.5435 31.2529 83.7201 31.2529 69.0183C31.2529 54.3165 36.9779 40.4943 47.3741 30.0967L51.9061 34.6299C42.7199 43.8157 37.6613 56.0285 37.6613 69.0183C37.6613 82.0071 42.7218 94.2213 51.9084 103.409L47.3752 107.941Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M125.222 107.941L120.69 103.41C129.877 94.2225 134.935 82.0097 134.935 69.0191C134.935 55.8315 129.745 43.4891 120.32 34.2636L124.804 29.6816C135.47 40.1235 141.346 54.0939 141.346 69.0191C141.346 83.7205 135.619 97.5438 125.222 107.941Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M54.0662 101.253C45.4561 92.6427 40.7139 81.1961 40.7139 69.0193C40.7139 56.9543 45.3801 45.5818 53.8553 36.9951L58.4169 41.4992C51.1342 48.8771 47.1241 58.6507 47.1241 69.0193C47.1241 79.4835 51.1985 89.3213 58.5983 96.72L54.0662 101.253Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M118.537 101.25L114.004 96.7181C121.401 89.3183 125.475 79.4804 125.475 69.0193C125.475 58.3608 121.27 48.3948 113.636 40.9568L118.108 36.3643C126.993 45.0205 131.885 56.6172 131.885 69.0197C131.885 81.1927 127.145 92.6382 118.537 101.25Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M61.0224 94.2962C54.27 87.5449 50.5518 78.5685 50.5518 69.0183C50.5518 59.5906 54.1891 50.6939 60.796 43.9688L65.3692 48.4604C59.9474 53.9793 56.9628 61.2809 56.9628 69.0187C56.9628 76.8547 60.015 84.2224 65.5567 89.7626L61.0224 94.2962Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M111.581 94.2921L107.048 89.7593C112.586 84.2184 115.637 76.8533 115.637 69.0191C115.637 60.9873 112.455 53.4915 106.676 47.9105L111.128 43.2998C118.169 50.0986 122.048 59.2327 122.048 69.0191C122.048 78.5656 118.329 87.5409 111.581 94.2921Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M99.2593 69.0184C99.2593 61.8601 93.4564 56.0576 86.2989 56.0576C79.1417 56.0576 73.3389 61.8601 73.3389 69.0184C73.3389 74.3544 76.5654 79.0339 81.1711 81.0214L76.0883 145.042H96.5094L91.427 81.0214C96.0332 79.0339 99.2593 74.3544 99.2593 69.0184ZM86.2989 75.8267C82.5383 75.8267 79.491 72.7782 79.491 69.0184C79.491 65.2582 82.5383 62.2109 86.2989 62.2109C90.0599 62.2109 93.1068 65.2582 93.1068 69.0184C93.1068 72.7779 90.0599 75.8267 86.2989 75.8267Z" fill="white"/> </svg> <span class="d-block">Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <a href="/isif-asia/apply-for-funding/#inclusion" target="_blank"> <div class="program"> <svg width="130" height="130" viewBox="0 0 130 130" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M65.1375 127.155C99.422 127.155 127.215 99.3619 127.215 65.0775C127.215 30.793 99.422 3 65.1375 3C30.8531 3 3.06006 30.793 3.06006 65.0775C3.06006 99.3619 30.8531 127.155 65.1375 127.155Z" fill="#D67724" stroke="white" stroke-width="5" stroke-miterlimit="10"/> <path d="M73.1898 82.0306C73.1898 86.232 69.7847 89.6382 65.5833 89.6382C61.382 89.6382 57.9741 86.232 57.9741 82.0306C57.9741 77.8295 61.382 74.4231 65.5833 74.4231C69.7847 74.4231 73.1898 77.8295 73.1898 82.0306Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M65.5833 91.8115C57.3014 91.8115 50.404 97.7241 48.875 105.558C53.8845 108.13 59.5636 109.581 65.5833 109.581C71.6001 109.581 77.2801 108.13 82.2899 105.557C80.7606 97.7244 73.8629 91.8115 65.5833 91.8115Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M80.0413 80.776C84.2427 80.776 87.6486 77.3702 87.6486 73.1688C87.6486 68.9674 84.2427 65.5615 80.0413 65.5615C75.84 65.5615 72.4341 68.9674 72.4341 73.1688C72.4341 77.3702 75.84 80.776 80.0413 80.776Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M88.5122 78.0592C84.3723 85.2304 86.0438 94.1605 92.0626 99.4013C96.7947 96.3484 100.892 92.1554 103.901 86.9437C106.91 81.7313 108.493 76.0871 108.771 70.463C101.223 67.8712 92.6527 70.888 88.5122 78.0592Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M79.5961 63.8235C83.7978 63.8235 87.2039 60.4174 87.2039 56.2157C87.2039 52.014 83.7978 48.6079 79.5961 48.6079C75.3944 48.6079 71.9883 52.014 71.9883 56.2157C71.9883 60.4174 75.3944 63.8235 79.5961 63.8235Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M88.0673 51.3245C92.207 58.4962 100.777 61.5134 108.326 58.9216C108.048 53.2969 106.465 47.6524 103.455 42.4409C100.446 37.2286 96.3498 33.0356 91.618 29.9824C85.5992 35.2235 83.9262 44.1536 88.0673 51.3245Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M57.0842 48.1249C57.0842 43.923 60.4901 40.5168 64.6926 40.5168C68.894 40.5168 72.2993 43.923 72.2993 48.1249C72.2985 52.3263 68.894 55.7316 64.692 55.7316C60.491 55.7314 57.0842 52.3263 57.0842 48.1249Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M64.6927 38.3433C72.9729 38.3433 79.8703 32.4307 81.3998 24.5978C76.3892 22.0257 70.7115 20.5747 64.6921 20.5747C58.6733 20.5747 52.9948 22.0257 47.9844 24.5978C49.5142 32.4307 56.4105 38.3433 64.6927 38.3433Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M46.4289 63.5755C42.7903 61.4747 41.543 56.8221 43.6449 53.1835C45.7444 49.5441 50.3967 48.2968 54.0361 50.3982C57.6741 52.4987 58.9214 57.1514 56.8209 60.7899C54.7203 64.429 50.0677 65.6761 46.4289 63.5755Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M41.7623 52.0965C45.9025 44.9253 44.2301 35.9947 38.2116 30.7539C33.4798 33.8074 29.3835 37.9998 26.3734 43.2121C23.3641 48.4239 21.7827 54.0678 21.5042 59.6922C29.0517 62.2854 37.6212 59.268 41.7623 52.0965Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M54.4823 80.5278C50.8432 82.6295 46.1905 81.3827 44.0897 77.7436C41.9889 74.1053 43.2342 69.4519 46.8736 67.3513C50.5127 65.2505 55.1654 66.4972 57.267 70.1358C59.367 73.7744 58.1203 78.427 54.4823 80.5278Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M42.2073 78.8303C38.0668 71.6588 29.497 68.6425 21.9492 71.2343C22.227 76.859 23.8095 82.5026 26.8193 87.715C29.8272 92.9268 33.9243 97.1194 38.657 100.173C44.6752 94.9318 46.3479 86.0015 42.2073 78.8303Z" fill="white"/> </svg> <span class="d-block">Inclusion</span> </div> </a> <a href="/isif-asia/apply-for-funding/#knowledge" target="_blank"> <div class="program"> <svg width="173" height="173" viewBox="0 0 173 173" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M86.2996 169.599C132.305 169.599 169.599 132.305 169.599 86.2996C169.599 40.2945 132.305 3 86.2996 3C40.2945 3 3 40.2945 3 86.2996C3 132.305 40.2945 169.599 86.2996 169.599Z" fill="#C44029" stroke="white" stroke-width="5" stroke-miterlimit="10"/> <path d="M86.4675 55.2812C69.4823 55.2812 55.7148 69.049 55.7148 86.0331C55.7148 98.2266 62.8115 108.833 73.0988 113.808L74.9358 124.853H79.9521L78.377 88.8034L69.0185 83.3974L71.2115 79.6153L82.6464 86.2119L84.3349 124.854H88.7278L90.4167 86.2145L101.852 79.6081L104.046 83.405L94.6853 88.7985L93.1102 124.854H98.0013L99.8372 113.806C110.125 108.833 117.221 98.2122 117.221 86.0184C117.222 69.0351 103.452 55.2812 86.4675 55.2812Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M88.9452 29.6016H83.2754V51.9028H88.9452V29.6016Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M96.883 127.878H76.4717V134.682H96.883V127.878Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M94.9937 136.571H78.3623V143.753H94.9937V136.571Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M69.6365 55.3566L59.7393 36.6924L54.1179 39.6733L64.0151 58.3375L69.6365 55.3566Z" fill="white"/> <path d="M118.48 40.3727L113.016 37.1133L102.556 54.6477L108.02 57.9071L118.48 40.3727Z" fill="white"/> </svg> <span class="d-block">Knowledge</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="foundation-isif"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="row p-0 m-0"> <div class="col-md-7 col-left"></div> <div class="col-md-5 col-right"> <div class="d-flex"> <div class="text-content"> <p><strong>2023 Annual Report now available!</strong></p> <p>The 2023 Annual Report covers all the new initiatives that commenced in 2023 and provides snapshots of continuing projects that had already commenced - a combined total of 68 projects launched or were underway during the year.</p> <p>From grants and training to infrastructure and inclusion, learn about how the Foundation is supporting digital development in the Asia Pacific.</p> <p><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/APNIC-Foundation-Annual-2023.pdf" target="_blank">Read it here!</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="d-block foundation-news"> <div class="grid-container"> <h3 class="m-3 m-sm-3 text-sm-left">NEWS</h3> <div class="row foundation-news__articles"> <div class="col-md-12"> <p class="text-center"><i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin fa-pulse"></i> Loading...</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer"> <div class="bg-line"><span></span></div> <div class="copy-right grid-container"> <div class="custom-social "> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/APNICFoundation/" class="facebook-social" target="_blank"><img src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/img/facebook.png"/><a/> <a href="https://twitter.com/ApnicFoundation" target="_blank"><img src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/img/twitter.png"/><a/> </div> <div class="footer-menu"><ul id="menu-footer" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-71 current_page_item menu-item-773"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-771" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-771"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/privacy/">Privacy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-772"><a href="https://apnic.foundation/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1473" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1473"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.apnic.net/about-apnic/transparency/whistleblowing">Whistleblower Policy</a></li> </ul></div> <span>©</span> <span>APNIC Foundation</span> </div> </div> <a title="Scroll back to top" aria-label="Scroll back to top" rel="nofollow" href="#" class="generate-back-to-top" data-scroll-speed="400" data-start-scroll="300" role="button"> <span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-up"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M305.863 314.916c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.832 6.514l-14.157 14.163c-1.699 1.7-3.964 2.832-6.513 2.832-2.265 0-4.813-1.133-6.512-2.832L164.572 224.276 53.295 335.593c-1.699 1.7-4.247 2.832-6.512 2.832-2.265 0-4.814-1.133-6.513-2.832L26.113 321.43c-1.699-1.7-2.831-4.248-2.831-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.831-6.515L158.06 176.408c1.699-1.7 4.247-2.833 6.512-2.833 2.265 0 4.814 1.133 6.513 2.833L303.03 308.4c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.249 2.832 6.515z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span> </a><script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script id="generate-dropdown-click-js-extra"> var generatepressDropdownClick = {"openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/dropdown-click.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-dropdown-click-js"></script> <script id="generate-navigation-search-js-extra"> var generatepressNavSearch = {"open":"Open Search Bar","close":"Close Search Bar"}; </script> <script src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/navigation-search.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-navigation-search-js"></script> <script id="generate-back-to-top-js-extra"> var generatepressBackToTop = {"smooth":"1"}; </script> <script src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/back-to-top.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-back-to-top-js"></script> <script src="https://apnic.foundation/wp-content/themes/foundation/dist/main/main.js?v=d5f9feb5b45963f9d27846b0fba8562b967e73ac5fd6dc0786d95bfaebe8235c"></script> </body> </html>