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It offers a realization in which IT resources are offered as services more affordable, flexible, easily and attractive to business. It helps... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_89541260" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cloud computing is a breakthrough in the information technology field and is suddenly omnivorous. It offers a realization in which IT resources are offered as services more affordable, flexible, easily and attractive to business. It helps the organization, in establishing and running a virtual business, in which most or all of its business functions are outsourced to online services. This paper strives to give brief introduction about cloud computing and analyzes the factors that are beneficial and challenges for an organization to adopt this technology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/89541260" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="63a44850b993af1e52026a450010c5ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":93327867,"asset_id":89541260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93327867/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4393766" href="https://niu.academia.edu/ManjulaShanbhog">Manjula Shanbhog</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4393766" type="text/json">{"id":4393766,"first_name":"Manjula","last_name":"Shanbhog","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"ManjulaShanbhog","display_name":"Manjula Shanbhog","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/ManjulaShanbhog","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4393766/1780666/2125810/s65_manjula.shanbhog.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_89541260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="89541260"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 89541260, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_89541260", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_89541260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89541260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_89541260"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_89541260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89541260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89541260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89541260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_89541260").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_89541260").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_89541267" data-work_id="89541267" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89541267/Study_on_Customer_s_attitude_towards_Online_firms_based_on_their_Service_Reputation">Study on Customer’s attitude towards Online firms based on their Service Reputation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract—The rapid shift in the digitized market has transformed the way the business buys and sells products and provides service to its customer. Retail is now 24x7, so, customer can shop from anywhere and at any time. The current... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_89541267" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract—The rapid shift in the digitized market has transformed the way the business buys and sells products and provides service to its customer. Retail is now 24x7, so, customer can shop from anywhere and at any time. The current research paper is the part of the larger study and tries to examine the customer behavior towards online firm based on their reputation. The online firms are considered of two types, direct selling online firms (DSOF) – these firms manufactures and sells their product online, indirect selling online firm(IdSOF)- these firms sells the products manufactured by others firms. This study also analyzes the factors to evaluate the reputation of service provider. Questionnaires were formed as a research instrument and web based survey was conducted and also questionnaires were mailed to the respondents web mail account, accordingly the data and information were collected and analyzed. Keywords—rapid shift, direct selling online firm, retail, manufactures, reputa...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/89541267" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43f4076d5147e697fb9bf6b99d4b4650" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":93327936,"asset_id":89541267,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93327936/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4393766" href="https://niu.academia.edu/ManjulaShanbhog">Manjula Shanbhog</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4393766" type="text/json">{"id":4393766,"first_name":"Manjula","last_name":"Shanbhog","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"ManjulaShanbhog","display_name":"Manjula Shanbhog","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/ManjulaShanbhog","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4393766/1780666/2125810/s65_manjula.shanbhog.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_89541267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="89541267"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 89541267, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_89541267", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_89541267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89541267; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_89541267"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_89541267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89541267"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89541267; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=89541267]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_89541267").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_89541267").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6094124 coauthored" data-work_id="6094124" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6094124/The_Irrationality_Illusion_A_New_Paradigm_for_Economics_and_Behavioral_Economics">The Irrationality Illusion: A New Paradigm for Economics and Behavioral Economics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6094124" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f22d47f35c16019f82138a2669218551" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33007222,"asset_id":6094124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33007222/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31195207" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyOPutman">Anthony O. Putman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31195207" type="text/json">{"id":31195207,"first_name":"Anthony O.","last_name":"Putman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnthonyOPutman","display_name":"Anthony O. Putman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyOPutman","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-6094124">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-6094124"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-6094124'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-6094124').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6094124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6094124"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6094124, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6094124", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6094124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6094124; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6094124"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6094124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6094124"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6094124; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6094124]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6094124").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6094124").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6094128" data-work_id="6094128" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6094128/Mathematical_Description_of_Biological_Structures_and_Mechanisms">Mathematical Description of Biological Structures and Mechanisms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A new formalism and approach to describing cellular and molecular processes and structures is introduced, designed to support the creation of knowledge bases of molecular and cellular mechanisms, structures, and states in which all... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6094128" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A new formalism and approach to describing cellular and molecular processes and structures is introduced, designed to support the creation of knowledge bases of molecular and cellular mechanisms, structures, and states in which all structural information about the entities, at all levels of detail, is represented formally. Structure is formalized via specification of n-ary relationships, as in mathematical logic. New mathematical formulations of complexity and structural similarity are introduced, that take into account differences in composition and structure at all levels of detail and apply equally to structures, mechanisms, and states. A recursive formula for calculation of structural similarity is derived. The formalism and the mathematical similarity definition enable several new mathematical and computational capabilities, such as searching a knowledge bank for processes or structures similar to a specified one or with specified structural or compositional deviations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6094128" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d07e73d3b9c47d8843e2bc584ee031d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49021927,"asset_id":6094128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49021927/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9196062" href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9196062" type="text/json">{"id":9196062,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Jeffrey","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"JoelJeffrey","display_name":"Joel Jeffrey","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6094128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6094128"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6094128, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6094128", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6094128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6094128; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6094128"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6094128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6094128"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6094128; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6094128]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6094128").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents an approach to stakeholder analysis that is both more systematic and pragmatic, than informational. The software project literature indicates that stakeholder analysis, the indispensable first step of a project, is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12387935" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents an approach to stakeholder analysis that is both more systematic and pragmatic, than informational.  The software project literature indicates that stakeholder analysis, the indispensable first step of a project, is frequently omitted or incomplete. The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive and practical technique for identifying all the stakeholders and what action is needed by each. The resulting pragmatic stakeholder table and the accompanying checklists  provide a method that directly addresses, “How do we identify the stakeholders in this project, what do we need each of them to do, and how to we get them to do it?”</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12387935" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97f5c8ac2854bc327ef9ecfb1202d4ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37637121,"asset_id":12387935,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37637121/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9196062" href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9196062" type="text/json">{"id":9196062,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Jeffrey","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"JoelJeffrey","display_name":"Joel Jeffrey","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12387935 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12387935"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12387935, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12387935", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12387935 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12387935; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12387935"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12387935 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12387935"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12387935; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12387935]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12387935").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12387935").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12387935"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management">Project Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2277" type="text/json">{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12387935]'), work: {"id":12387935,"title":"Pragmatic Stakeholder Analysis","created_at":"2015-05-14T15:26:53.838-07:00","owner_id":9196062,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/12387935/Pragmatic_Stakeholder_Analysis","slug":"Pragmatic_Stakeholder_Analysis","dom_id":"work_12387935","summary":"This paper presents an approach to stakeholder analysis that is both more systematic and pragmatic, than informational. The software project literature indicates that stakeholder analysis, the indispensable first step of a project, is frequently omitted or incomplete. The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive and practical technique for identifying all the stakeholders and what action is needed by each. 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Using the homo communitatis paradigm, it is shown that uncertainty and probability are distinct concepts, that objective and “subjective” probability are not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12387959" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A radical re-formulation of the concept of subjective probability is presented. Using the homo communitatis paradigm, it is shown that uncertainty and probability are distinct concepts, that objective and “subjective” probability are not two sides of the same coin, but two entirely different concepts, and that “subjective probability” is not probability at all. “Subjective probabilities” are uncertainty appraisals, re-descriptions of states of affairs carrying tautological implications for action. .  A novel formulation of the decision-maker’s field-of-view, based on the concept of Actor, Observer, and Critic roles, combined with the uncertainty appraisal formulation, is used to develop new methods for evaluating data, finding patterns in data, and integrating actual and “subjective” probabilities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12387959" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85ea40ce77c1bd77f70596d9b95b0d35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37637145,"asset_id":12387959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37637145/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9196062" href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9196062" type="text/json">{"id":9196062,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Jeffrey","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"JoelJeffrey","display_name":"Joel Jeffrey","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12387959">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12387959"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnthonyOPutman">Anthony O. Putman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12387959'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12387959').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12387959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12387959"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12387959, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12387959", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12387959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12387959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12387959"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12387959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12387959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12387959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12387959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12387959").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12387959").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12387959"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management">Project Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2277" type="text/json">{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12387959]'), work: {"id":12387959,"title":"A New Formulation of Subjective Probability","created_at":"2015-05-14T15:32:21.027-07:00","owner_id":9196062,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/12387959/A_New_Formulation_of_Subjective_Probability","slug":"A_New_Formulation_of_Subjective_Probability","dom_id":"work_12387959","summary":"A radical re-formulation of the concept of subjective probability is presented. Using the homo communitatis paradigm, it is shown that uncertainty and probability are distinct concepts, that objective and “subjective” probability are not two sides of the same coin, but two entirely different concepts, and that “subjective probability” is not probability at all. “Subjective probabilities” are uncertainty appraisals, re-descriptions of states of affairs carrying tautological implications for action. . 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The conceptual framework is formailized via entity specifications, a formalism incorporating certain concepts similar to frames, combined with technique of<br />mathematical logic for representing relationships. The formalism is then used to derive a method for mathematically defining and calculating the similarity of any two social<br />systems, and the complexity of a social system. This measure enables the mathematical definition of rate of social change and rate of growth of complexity of systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12388049" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f728fa55711e6c052c07e7811c4bd7ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37637214,"asset_id":12388049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37637214/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI3OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9196062" href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9196062" type="text/json">{"id":9196062,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Jeffrey","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"JoelJeffrey","display_name":"Joel Jeffrey","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12388049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12388049"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12388049, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12388049", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12388049]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12388049").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12388049").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12388049"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11820" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation">Modeling and Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11820" type="text/json">{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-based_modeling">Agent-based modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26704" type="text/json">{"id":26704,"name":"Agent-based modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-based_modeling","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Models_for_Social_Sciences">Mathematical Models for Social Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56235" type="text/json">{"id":56235,"name":"Mathematical Models for Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Models_for_Social_Sciences","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12388049]'), work: {"id":12388049,"title":"High-Fidelity Mathematical Models of Social Systems","created_at":"2015-05-14T15:43:30.861-07:00","owner_id":9196062,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/12388049/High_Fidelity_Mathematical_Models_of_Social_Systems","slug":"High_Fidelity_Mathematical_Models_of_Social_Systems","dom_id":"work_12388049","summary":"We present a comprehensive and systematic conceptual and mathematical framework with sufficient rigor and expressive power to support creation of models of social systems covering the entire range of phenomena in such systems, from individual actions to actions of groups at all levels, and encompassing all types of phenomena actually encountered in human systems: biological, psychological, economic, sociological, political, and cultural. 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64981376/Mathematical_Description_of_Biological_Structures_Mechanisms_and_States">Mathematical Description of Biological Structures, Mechanisms, and States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A new method for mathematically describing cellular and molecular structures, mechanisms, and states is presented. A novel mathematical formulation of structure is developed, and new mathematical formulations of structural complexity and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64981376" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A new method for mathematically describing cellular and molecular structures, mechanisms, and states is presented. A novel mathematical formulation of structure is developed, and new mathematical formulations of structural complexity and similarity are introduced that take into account differences in composition and structure at all levels of detail and apply equally to structures, mechanisms, and states. A recursive formula for calculation of structural similarity is derived. The methods and mathematical formulations apply equally to cases in which we have complete knowledge and to those in which we have only incomplete or partial information. The formalism and the mathematical similarity definition are the full generalization of sequence and sequence similarity. They enable the creation of repositories of formal multi-level structural descriptions of biological entities and new search capabilities, such as searching for processes or structures similar to a specified one, or with s...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64981376" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4260a4e3316176802968d50fd709ec58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76765311,"asset_id":64981376,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76765311/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9196062" href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9196062" type="text/json">{"id":9196062,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Jeffrey","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"JoelJeffrey","display_name":"Joel Jeffrey","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64981376 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64981376"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64981376, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64981376", }); 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A novel mathematical formulation of structure is developed, and new mathematical formulations of structural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70891323" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract—-A new method for mathematically describing cellular and molecular structures, mechanisms, and states is presented. A novel mathematical formulation of structure is developed, and new mathematical formulations of structural complexity and similarity are introduced that take into account differences in composition and structure at all levels of detail and apply equally to structures, mechanisms, and states. A recursive formula for calculation of structural similarity is derived. The methods and mathematical formulations apply equally to cases in which we have complete knowledge and to those in which we have only incomplete or partial information. The formalism and the mathematical similarity definition are the full generalization of sequence and sequence similarity. They enable the creation of repositories of formal multi-level structural descriptions of biological entities and new search capabilities, such as searching for processes or structures similar to a specified one,...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70891323" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76df82685f1b64cbf37afadbce78e862" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80531042,"asset_id":70891323,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80531042/download_file?st=MTczMjc1OTI4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9196062" href="https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey">Joel Jeffrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9196062" type="text/json">{"id":9196062,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Jeffrey","domain_name":"niu","page_name":"JoelJeffrey","display_name":"Joel Jeffrey","profile_url":"https://niu.academia.edu/JoelJeffrey","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70891323 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70891323"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70891323, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70891323", }); 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