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rationale, origins and motivation to perform this first strategy mainly emanating from the citizens of Jalisco, to enhance the development and inclusion of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3420641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Red Estatal eJalisco: The Network is Ours" by IJALTI, gathering in its pages the rationale, origins and motivation to perform this first strategy mainly emanating from the citizens of Jalisco, to enhance the development and inclusion of society in the digital age (IJALTI, 2013).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3420641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="948539" href="https://udg.academia.edu/RayLara">Ray F Lara</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="948539" type="text/json">{"id":948539,"first_name":"Ray","last_name":"Lara","domain_name":"udg","page_name":"RayLara","display_name":"Ray F Lara","profile_url":"https://udg.academia.edu/RayLara?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/948539/1086008/16419876/s65_ray.lara.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3420641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3420641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3420641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3420641", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3420641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3420641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3420641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3420641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3420641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3005" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_of_Technology">Use of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3005" type="text/json">{"id":3005,"name":"Use of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_of_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks">Computer Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4252" type="text/json">{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Networks">Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8218" type="text/json">{"id":8218,"name":"Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Networks?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3420641]'), work: {"id":3420641,"title":"Red Estatal eJalisco: La Red es Nuestra","created_at":"2013-04-29T09:07:33.692-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3420641/Red_Estatal_eJalisco_La_Red_es_Nuestra?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_3420641","summary":"\"Red Estatal eJalisco: The Network is Ours\" by IJALTI, gathering in its pages the rationale, origins and motivation to perform this first strategy mainly emanating from the citizens of Jalisco, to enhance the development and inclusion of society in the digital age (IJALTI, 2013).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31196297,"asset_id":3420641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":948539,"first_name":"Ray","last_name":"Lara","domain_name":"udg","page_name":"RayLara","display_name":"Ray F Lara","profile_url":"https://udg.academia.edu/RayLara?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/948539/1086008/16419876/s65_ray.lara.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3005,"name":"Use of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_of_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8218,"name":"Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Networks?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society?f_ri=11584"},{"id":24541,"name":"Best practices guidelines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_practices_guidelines?f_ri=11584"},{"id":27360,"name":"Databases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Databases?f_ri=11584"},{"id":49532,"name":"Jalisco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jalisco?f_ri=11584"},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=11584"},{"id":325713,"name":"Conectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conectivity?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1744493,"name":"Science and Technology Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Technology_Studies?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7716977" data-work_id="7716977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7716977/Gender_Equality_through_ICT_Access_and_Appropriation_Taking_a_Rights_Based_Approach">Gender Equality through ICT Access and Appropriation: Taking a Rights-Based Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the meanings of women’s empowerment and gender equality in the information society, looking at the opportunity for progressive change and critically unpacking the Information and Communication Technology for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7716977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the meanings of women’s empowerment and gender equality<br />in the information society, looking at the opportunity for progressive change and<br />critically unpacking the Information and Communication Technology for Development<br />(ICTD) discourse on gender and development. It also seeks to articulate<br />a rights-based framework to policy and action that takes on the specific<br />question of what models of access and connectivity will work for the marginalised<br />peoples and countries, in a manner that promotes gender justice. The paper was<br />written for the United Nations Global Alliance for ICT and Development<br />(UN-GAID) Annual Meeting and Global Forum 2008.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7716977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d0b1df7975fa984aca9dacb229ec07d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43234936,"asset_id":7716977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43234936/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="866422" href="https://itforchange.academia.edu/AGurumurthy">Anita Gurumurthy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="866422" type="text/json">{"id":866422,"first_name":"Anita","last_name":"Gurumurthy","domain_name":"itforchange","page_name":"AGurumurthy","display_name":"Anita Gurumurthy","profile_url":"https://itforchange.academia.edu/AGurumurthy?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/866422/311014/13128850/s65_anita.gurumurthy.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7716977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7716977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7716977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7716977", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7716977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7716977; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7716977"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7716977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7716977"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7716977; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7716977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7716977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7716977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7716977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7490" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality">Gender Equality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7490" type="text/json">{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7716977]'), work: {"id":7716977,"title":"Gender Equality through ICT Access and Appropriation: Taking a Rights-Based Approach","created_at":"2014-07-19T15:31:13.777-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7716977/Gender_Equality_through_ICT_Access_and_Appropriation_Taking_a_Rights_Based_Approach?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_7716977","summary":"This paper explores the meanings of women’s empowerment and gender equality\nin the information society, looking at the opportunity for progressive change and\ncritically unpacking the Information and Communication Technology for Development\n(ICTD) discourse on gender and development. It also seeks to articulate\na rights-based framework to policy and action that takes on the specific\nquestion of what models of access and connectivity will work for the marginalised\npeoples and countries, in a manner that promotes gender justice. The paper was\nwritten for the United Nations Global Alliance for ICT and Development\n(UN-GAID) Annual Meeting and Global Forum 2008.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43234936,"asset_id":7716977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":866422,"first_name":"Anita","last_name":"Gurumurthy","domain_name":"itforchange","page_name":"AGurumurthy","display_name":"Anita Gurumurthy","profile_url":"https://itforchange.academia.edu/AGurumurthy?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/866422/311014/13128850/s65_anita.gurumurthy.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":82849,"name":"ICTs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICTs?f_ri=11584"},{"id":165597,"name":"Digital Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Rights?f_ri=11584"},{"id":378784,"name":"ICT accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_accessibility?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5554964" data-work_id="5554964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5554964/Mediated_Agency_Music_and_Media_against_Corruption_in_Tanzania">Mediated Agency: Music and Media against Corruption in Tanzania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter explores the use of music and digital media in the Chanjo campaign against corruption in Tanzania, focusing on mediations of agency. Building on Latour (2005), I use the concept mediated agency to refer to a process in which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5554964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter explores the use of music and digital media in the Chanjo campaign against corruption in Tanzania, focusing on mediations of agency. Building on Latour (2005), I use the concept mediated agency to refer to a process in which different cultural forms (mediators) bring about social transformation (agency). In so doing I recognize the ‘agency of art,’ especially its embeddedness in networks of social relations and its ‘practical mediatory role’ in processes of social change (Gell 1998). Similarly, I appreciate media and other mediators in the broader sense of ‘social mediation,’ with an emphasis on social interaction and exchange (Boyer 2012). Thus, while understanding agency in the sense of transformative action or practice, I build on anthropological theories of mediation, focusing on social processes of intervention and interaction that include but go beyond different forms of media. In this chapter, I will argue that the Chanjo campaign creates a platform that mediates the agency of participants, empowering them to speak up against corruption. The music itself is of course an important form of mediation, but so is the method of delivery, not least the interaction with the audience, as well as the mobility of the campaign. These layers of mediation intersect in different ways, which enforces the process of social and cultural transformation. Through digital mediations and remediations (Bolter and Grusin 1999), especially through social and mobile media, the campaign expands in time and space, thus extending agency beyond the tour itself.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5554964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edb2ce2db6634b6a180b6954d04d6e6e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32648341,"asset_id":5554964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32648341/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="257875" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/PaulaUimonen">Paula Uimonen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="257875" type="text/json">{"id":257875,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Uimonen","domain_name":"su-se","page_name":"PaulaUimonen","display_name":"Paula Uimonen","profile_url":"https://su-se.academia.edu/PaulaUimonen?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257875/54822/119793418/s65_paula.uimonen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5554964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5554964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5554964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5554964", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5554964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5554964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5554964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5554964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="671" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music">Music</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="671" type="text/json">{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology">Mobile Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4198" type="text/json">{"id":4198,"name":"Mobile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5554964]'), work: {"id":5554964,"title":"Mediated Agency: Music and Media against Corruption in Tanzania","created_at":"2013-12-29T16:35:32.974-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5554964/Mediated_Agency_Music_and_Media_against_Corruption_in_Tanzania?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_5554964","summary":"This chapter explores the use of music and digital media in the Chanjo campaign against corruption in Tanzania, focusing on mediations of agency. Building on Latour (2005), I use the concept mediated agency to refer to a process in which different cultural forms (mediators) bring about social transformation (agency). In so doing I recognize the ‘agency of art,’ especially its embeddedness in networks of social relations and its ‘practical mediatory role’ in processes of social change (Gell 1998). Similarly, I appreciate media and other mediators in the broader sense of ‘social mediation,’ with an emphasis on social interaction and exchange (Boyer 2012). Thus, while understanding agency in the sense of transformative action or practice, I build on anthropological theories of mediation, focusing on social processes of intervention and interaction that include but go beyond different forms of media. In this chapter, I will argue that the Chanjo campaign creates a platform that mediates the agency of participants, empowering them to speak up against corruption. The music itself is of course an important form of mediation, but so is the method of delivery, not least the interaction with the audience, as well as the mobility of the campaign. These layers of mediation intersect in different ways, which enforces the process of social and cultural transformation. Through digital mediations and remediations (Bolter and Grusin 1999), especially through social and mobile media, the campaign expands in time and space, thus extending agency beyond the tour itself. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32648341,"asset_id":5554964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":257875,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Uimonen","domain_name":"su-se","page_name":"PaulaUimonen","display_name":"Paula Uimonen","profile_url":"https://su-se.academia.edu/PaulaUimonen?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/257875/54822/119793418/s65_paula.uimonen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":4198,"name":"Mobile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":13872,"name":"Facebook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook?f_ri=11584"},{"id":13958,"name":"Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media?f_ri=11584"},{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=11584"},{"id":27886,"name":"Social study of ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_study_of_ICT?f_ri=11584"},{"id":73699,"name":"Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corruption?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19237474 coauthored" data-work_id="19237474" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19237474/Time_for_a_new_approach_to_prepare_future_teachers_for_educational_technology_use_Its_meaning_and_measurement">Time for a new approach to prepare future teachers for educational technology use: Its meaning and measurement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main objective of this study is to develop a self-report instrument to measure pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the extent to which they experience the necessary support and training in order to integrate technology into classroom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19237474" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main objective of this study is to develop a self-report instrument to measure pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the extent to which they experience the necessary support and training in order to integrate technology into classroom activities. The questionnaire items of this instrument were drawn up on the basis of a synthesis of 19 qualitative studies (Authors et al., 2012) and were reviewed by experts in the field. In order to study its reliability and aspects of validity, data were collected and analysed consisting of a sample of 688 pre-service teachers in Flanders (Belgium). The resulting scale showed highly satisfactory psychometric properties. Item response theory revealed a good fit of the measurement to a Rating Scale Model for 22 out of 24 items. The results also indicate that the items differ in their degree of difficulty. It seems that helping pre-service teachers to design ICT-rich lessons and providing adequate feedback can be considered more challenging for teacher training institutions. Recommendations are given regarding how the new scale can be useful for both teacher training institutions and schools in developing approaches to equip pre-service teachers with the competencies needed to integrate technology in teaching and learning processes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19237474" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ced1aed6ac67072d8d7cfed39f21abd1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40769829,"asset_id":19237474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40769829/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9073386" href="https://uio.academia.edu/FazilatSiddiq">Fazilat Siddiq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9073386" type="text/json">{"id":9073386,"first_name":"Fazilat","last_name":"Siddiq","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"FazilatSiddiq","display_name":"Fazilat Siddiq","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/FazilatSiddiq?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9073386/4726524/5587742/s65_fazilat.siddiq.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19237474">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19237474"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://vub.academia.edu/JoTondeur">Jo Tondeur</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19237474'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19237474').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19237474 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19237474"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19237474; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19237474]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19237474").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19237474").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19237474"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">38</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology">Educational Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003" type="text/json">{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19237474]'), work: {"id":19237474,"title":"Time for a new approach to prepare future teachers for educational technology use: Its meaning and measurement","created_at":"2015-11-30T08:18:50.101-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19237474/Time_for_a_new_approach_to_prepare_future_teachers_for_educational_technology_use_Its_meaning_and_measurement?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_19237474","summary":"The main objective of this study is to develop a self-report instrument to measure pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the extent to which they experience the necessary support and training in order to integrate technology into classroom activities. The questionnaire items of this instrument were drawn up on the basis of a synthesis of 19 qualitative studies (Authors et al., 2012) and were reviewed by experts in the field. In order to study its reliability and aspects of validity, data were collected and analysed consisting of a sample of 688 pre-service teachers in Flanders (Belgium). The resulting scale showed highly satisfactory psychometric properties. Item response theory revealed a good fit of the measurement to a Rating Scale Model for 22 out of 24 items. The results also indicate that the items differ in their degree of difficulty. It seems that helping pre-service teachers to design ICT-rich lessons and providing adequate feedback can be considered more challenging for teacher training institutions. Recommendations are given regarding how the new scale can be useful for both teacher training institutions and schools in developing approaches to equip pre-service teachers with the competencies needed to integrate technology in teaching and learning processes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40769829,"asset_id":19237474,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9073386,"first_name":"Fazilat","last_name":"Siddiq","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"FazilatSiddiq","display_name":"Fazilat Siddiq","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/FazilatSiddiq?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9073386/4726524/5587742/s65_fazilat.siddiq.jpg"},{"id":41224,"first_name":"Jo","last_name":"Tondeur","domain_name":"vub","page_name":"JoTondeur","display_name":"Jo Tondeur","profile_url":"https://vub.academia.edu/JoTondeur?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41224/13488/1670574/s65_jo.tondeur.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1077,"name":"Educational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Leadership?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher 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Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education?f_ri=11584"},{"id":40862,"name":"Belgium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belgium?f_ri=11584"},{"id":82717,"name":"Pre-service teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-service_teachers?f_ri=11584"},{"id":106182,"name":"Pre Service Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre_Service_Teacher_Education?f_ri=11584"},{"id":140825,"name":"Scale Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scale_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":163334,"name":"Flanders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flanders?f_ri=11584"},{"id":289284,"name":"Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rating_Scales?f_ri=11584"},{"id":638513,"name":"Item analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Item_analysis?f_ri=11584"},{"id":995167,"name":"Research Instrument Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Instrument_Development?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36672178" data-work_id="36672178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36672178/The_Road_to_WSIS_10_INDIA">The Road to WSIS +10: INDIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With growing global political weight and one of the biggest digital markets in the world, India, a leading developing country in the G77, is poised to play a critical role in the WSIS+10 Review. In line with its earlier positions on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36672178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With growing global political weight and one of the biggest digital markets in the world, India, a leading developing country in the G77, is poised to play a critical role in the WSIS+10 Review. In line with its earlier positions on related issues, the priorities outlined by the Indian government for the Review so far prominently feature development and cybersecurity concerns. However, following a new-found alignment on internet-related policy issues across Ministries, earlier priorities regarding enhanced cooperation will now be balanced by active support for multistakeholder approaches to internet governance. For civil society advocates, the Indian government's recent embrace of multistakeholderism is of particular importance, as it provides a new opening for enhanced civil society engagement with the Ministry of External Affairs: the WSIS+10 Review can provide a first opportunity for the Ministry to prove that it is serious about this commitment. The practical impact of this shift in India's policy on the positions of the G77 and the negotiations more broadly may, however, remain limited.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36672178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4afb9fd1e8f5ec28a56972fd13aa683" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56606877,"asset_id":36672178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56606877/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27783231" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaKovacs">Anja Kovacs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27783231" type="text/json">{"id":27783231,"first_name":"Anja","last_name":"Kovacs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnjaKovacs","display_name":"Anja Kovacs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaKovacs?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27783231/19768124/19611212/s65_anja.kovacs.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36672178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36672178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36672178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36672178", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36672178]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36672178").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36672178").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36672178"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2099" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society">Information Society</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2099" type="text/json">{"id":2099,"name":"Information Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7822" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Governance">Internet Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7822" type="text/json">{"id":7822,"name":"Internet Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Governance?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36672178]'), work: {"id":36672178,"title":"The Road to WSIS +10: INDIA","created_at":"2018-05-19T21:40:09.160-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36672178/The_Road_to_WSIS_10_INDIA?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_36672178","summary":"With growing global political weight and one of the biggest digital markets in the world, India, a leading developing country in the G77, is poised to play a critical role in the WSIS+10 Review. In line with its earlier positions on related issues, the priorities outlined by the Indian government for the Review so far prominently feature development and cybersecurity concerns. However, following a new-found alignment on internet-related policy issues across Ministries, earlier priorities regarding enhanced cooperation will now be balanced by active support for multistakeholder approaches to internet governance. For civil society advocates, the Indian government's recent embrace of multistakeholderism is of particular importance, as it provides a new opening for enhanced civil society engagement with the Ministry of External Affairs: the WSIS+10 Review can provide a first opportunity for the Ministry to prove that it is serious about this commitment. The practical impact of this shift in India's policy on the positions of the G77 and the negotiations more broadly may, however, remain limited. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56606877,"asset_id":36672178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27783231,"first_name":"Anja","last_name":"Kovacs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnjaKovacs","display_name":"Anja Kovacs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaKovacs?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27783231/19768124/19611212/s65_anja.kovacs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2099,"name":"Information Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7822,"name":"Internet Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Governance?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=11584"},{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=11584"},{"id":215276,"name":"Multistakeholder Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multistakeholder_Processes?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55914097" data-work_id="55914097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55914097/E_Government_for_Development_A_Thematic_Analysis_of_Zimbabwes_Information_and_Communication_Technology_Policy_Documents">E-Government for Development: A Thematic Analysis of Zimbabwe's Information and Communication Technology Policy Documents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Traditionally, governments have been viewed as complex, large bureaucratic establishments with a set of information silos that erect barriers to the access of information and make the provision of services cumbersome and frustrating.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55914097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Traditionally, governments have been viewed as complex, large bureaucratic establishments with a set of information silos that erect barriers to the access of information and make the provision of services cumbersome and frustrating. However with the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), there is evidence of improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of internal administration within governments and the relocation of government services from government offices to locations closer to the citizens. This paper is motivated by the need to investigate an e-government phenomenon in a developing country context which is characterised by complex dynamics rooted in politics, economy and social setting. The paper has been scoped to explore the evolution of egovernment in Zimbabwe as articulated in ICT policy documents. The policy documents are analysed through the lens of thematic analysis which leads to critical narrative analysis. The use of thematic analysis as a theoretical foundation and a methodological approach for analysing text contributes to a better understanding of government publications. This study has identified that all documents are silent on the political and economic reality in Zimbabwe which directly influences the implementation of capital projects. The policy documents also make no reference to other considerations as funding models and execution plans under a complex political, social and economic environment. As a result, government policy documents remained only as blueprints without any impact towards the implementation of egovernment in Zimbabwe. 1.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55914097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4be8ef36a466a564d0031b36d45a319c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71557813,"asset_id":55914097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71557813/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60769010" href="https://westscotland.academia.edu/EphiasRuhode">Ephias Ruhode</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60769010" type="text/json">{"id":60769010,"first_name":"Ephias","last_name":"Ruhode","domain_name":"westscotland","page_name":"EphiasRuhode","display_name":"Ephias Ruhode","profile_url":"https://westscotland.academia.edu/EphiasRuhode?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60769010/67558319/55926822/s65_ephias.ruhode.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55914097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55914097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55914097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55914097", }); 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However with the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), there is evidence of improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of internal administration within governments and the relocation of government services from government offices to locations closer to the citizens. This paper is motivated by the need to investigate an e-government phenomenon in a developing country context which is characterised by complex dynamics rooted in politics, economy and social setting. The paper has been scoped to explore the evolution of egovernment in Zimbabwe as articulated in ICT policy documents. The policy documents are analysed through the lens of thematic analysis which leads to critical narrative analysis. The use of thematic analysis as a theoretical foundation and a methodological approach for analysing text contributes to a better understanding of government publications. This study has identified that all documents are silent on the political and economic reality in Zimbabwe which directly influences the implementation of capital projects. The policy documents also make no reference to other considerations as funding models and execution plans under a complex political, social and economic environment. As a result, government policy documents remained only as blueprints without any impact towards the implementation of egovernment in Zimbabwe. 1.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71557813,"asset_id":55914097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60769010,"first_name":"Ephias","last_name":"Ruhode","domain_name":"westscotland","page_name":"EphiasRuhode","display_name":"Ephias Ruhode","profile_url":"https://westscotland.academia.edu/EphiasRuhode?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60769010/67558319/55926822/s65_ephias.ruhode.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3317,"name":"Health Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7977,"name":"E Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Government?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":13900,"name":"E Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Business?f_ri=11584"},{"id":443201,"name":"E Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E_Governance?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9789729" data-work_id="9789729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9789729/Digital_Technologies_and_Gender_Justice_in_India_An_analysis_of_key_policy_and_programming_concerns_Input_to_the_High_Level_Committee_on_the_Status_of_Women_in_India">Digital Technologies and Gender Justice in India -An analysis of key policy and programming concerns Input to the High Level Committee on the Status of Women in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9789729" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a80449a0f2edc3ef02e033c1d2d04c40" rel="nofollow" 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18854008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18854008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18854008; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18854008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18854008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18854008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18854008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29782296" data-work_id="29782296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29782296/Chen_S_2016_Review_of_Saving_the_World_by_Emile_G_Mcanany_Canadian_Journal_of_Communication_41_4_">Chen, S. (2016). Review of "Saving the World" by Emile G. Mcanany. Canadian Journal of Communication, 41(4).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although the history of Communication for Development (C4D) can be traced back to communication studies’ formal establishment in the first half of the twentieth century, the swift expansion of information and communication technologies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29782296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although the history of Communication for Development (C4D) can be traced back to communication studies’ formal establishment in the first half of the twentieth century, the swift expansion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the past two decades has re-shaped C4D into a trendy field with growing theoretical and policy attention. Authored by Emile G. McAnany, Saving the World: A Brief History of Communication for Development and Social Change presents a chronological and theoretical summary of communication’s complex role in development and social change as well as the shifts of paradigms within C4D since the end of World War II. According to McAnany, the purpose of this book is three-fold: to explore how theories and practices have evolved along with the development of communication technologies, to evaluate the current status of C4D in the long-term struggle for development and social change, and to better understand the criteria for assessing the influence of C4D-related endeavours.  In this regard, Saving the World is both an intellectual history of communication’s intersections with projects aiming for fostering prosperity, as well as a call for continuing research and policy attention to communication’s great potential in future policy considerations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29782296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccb33e773d2cf03c39012bf51c21497d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50235139,"asset_id":29782296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50235139/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27446411" href="https://torontomu.academia.edu/SiboChen">Sibo Chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27446411" type="text/json">{"id":27446411,"first_name":"Sibo","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"torontomu","page_name":"SiboChen","display_name":"Sibo Chen","profile_url":"https://torontomu.academia.edu/SiboChen?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27446411/7811981/152275758/s65_sibo.chen.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29782296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29782296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29782296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29782296", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29782296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29782296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29782296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29782296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_communication">Development communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4032" type="text/json">{"id":4032,"name":"Development communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_communication?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7369" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication">Political communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7369" type="text/json">{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29782296]'), work: {"id":29782296,"title":"Chen, S. (2016). Review of \"Saving the World\" by Emile G. Mcanany. Canadian Journal of Communication, 41(4).","created_at":"2016-11-10T09:17:42.166-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29782296/Chen_S_2016_Review_of_Saving_the_World_by_Emile_G_Mcanany_Canadian_Journal_of_Communication_41_4_?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_29782296","summary":"Although the history of Communication for Development (C4D) can be traced back to communication studies’ formal establishment in the first half of the twentieth century, the swift expansion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the past two decades has re-shaped C4D into a trendy field with growing theoretical and policy attention. Authored by Emile G. McAnany, Saving the World: A Brief History of Communication for Development and Social Change presents a chronological and theoretical summary of communication’s complex role in development and social change as well as the shifts of paradigms within C4D since the end of World War II. According to McAnany, the purpose of this book is three-fold: to explore how theories and practices have evolved along with the development of communication technologies, to evaluate the current status of C4D in the long-term struggle for development and social change, and to better understand the criteria for assessing the influence of C4D-related endeavours. In this regard, Saving the World is both an intellectual history of communication’s intersections with projects aiming for fostering prosperity, as well as a call for continuing research and policy attention to communication’s great potential in future policy considerations. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50235139,"asset_id":29782296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27446411,"first_name":"Sibo","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"torontomu","page_name":"SiboChen","display_name":"Sibo Chen","profile_url":"https://torontomu.academia.edu/SiboChen?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27446411/7811981/152275758/s65_sibo.chen.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4032,"name":"Development communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_communication?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78081259" data-work_id="78081259" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78081259/ICT_Financial_Access_and_Gender_Inclusion_in_the_Formal_Economic_Sector_Evidence_From_Africa">ICT, Financial Access and Gender Inclusion in the Formal Economic Sector: Evidence From Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78081259" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. 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If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78081259" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1a1ae2423acc7fbe218bdaf5e0c5692" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85253397,"asset_id":78081259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85253397/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="169711374" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicholasOdhiambo16">Nicholas Odhiambo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="169711374" type="text/json">{"id":169711374,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Odhiambo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicholasOdhiambo16","display_name":"Nicholas Odhiambo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicholasOdhiambo16?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78081259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78081259"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78081259, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78081259", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78081259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78081259").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78081259").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78081259"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics">Development Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="727" type="text/json">{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7490" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality">Gender Equality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7490" type="text/json">{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78081259]'), work: {"id":78081259,"title":"ICT, Financial Access and Gender Inclusion in the Formal Economic Sector: Evidence From Africa","created_at":"2022-04-30T17:21:43.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78081259/ICT_Financial_Access_and_Gender_Inclusion_in_the_Formal_Economic_Sector_Evidence_From_Africa?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_78081259","summary":"Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85253397,"asset_id":78081259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169711374,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Odhiambo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicholasOdhiambo16","display_name":"Nicholas Odhiambo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicholasOdhiambo16?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":30855,"name":"Financial Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Inclusion?f_ri=11584"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network?f_ri=11584"},{"id":96212,"name":"Information and Communications Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communications_Technology?f_ri=11584"},{"id":966697,"name":"Gender and Social Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Social_Inclusion?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50808072" data-work_id="50808072" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50808072/Mobile_banking_and_economic_development_linking_adoption_impact_and_use">Mobile banking and economic development: linking adoption, impact, and use</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Around the globe, various initiatives use the mobile phone to provide financial services to those without access to traditional banks. Yet relatively little scholarly research explores the use of these m-banking/m-payments systems. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50808072" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Around the globe, various initiatives use the mobile phone to provide financial services to those without access to traditional banks. Yet relatively little scholarly research explores the use of these m-banking/m-payments systems. This paper calls attention to this gap in the research literature, emphasizing the need for research focusing on the context(s) of m-banking/mpayments use. Presenting illustrative data from exploratory work with small enterprises in urban India, it argues that contextual research is a critical input to effective "adoption" or "impact" research. Further, it suggests that the challenges of linking studies of use to those of adoption and impact reflect established dynamics within the Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) research community. The paper identifies three crosscutting themes from the broader literature-amplification vs. change, simultaneous causality, and a multidimensional definition of trust-each of which can offer increased theoretical clarity to future research on m-banking/m-payments systems. Notes on contributors Jonathan Donner is a researcher in the Technology for Emerging Markets Group at Microsoft Research, where he studies the social and economic impacts of mobile communication technologies in developing countries. Camilo Tellez is a doctoral student in the department of Information Systems at the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he specializes in IT for development issues. m-banking Pre-publication draft. Edits possible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50808072" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69203d36dd5ce667173dc2d711c0c2a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68673841,"asset_id":50808072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68673841/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="144016216" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndresRuedaTellez">Andres Rueda Tellez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="144016216" type="text/json">{"id":144016216,"first_name":"Andres","last_name":"Rueda Tellez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndresRuedaTellez","display_name":"Andres Rueda Tellez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndresRuedaTellez?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50808072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50808072"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50808072, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50808072", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50808072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50808072; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50808072"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50808072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50808072"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50808072; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50808072]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50808072").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50808072").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50808072"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology">Mobile Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4198" type="text/json">{"id":4198,"name":"Mobile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adoption">Adoption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6664" type="text/json">{"id":6664,"name":"Adoption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adoption?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11395" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development">Economic Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11395" type="text/json">{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50808072]'), work: {"id":50808072,"title":"Mobile banking and economic development: linking adoption, impact, and use","created_at":"2021-08-09T13:32:37.249-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50808072/Mobile_banking_and_economic_development_linking_adoption_impact_and_use?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_50808072","summary":"Around the globe, various initiatives use the mobile phone to provide financial services to those without access to traditional banks. Yet relatively little scholarly research explores the use of these m-banking/m-payments systems. This paper calls attention to this gap in the research literature, emphasizing the need for research focusing on the context(s) of m-banking/mpayments use. Presenting illustrative data from exploratory work with small enterprises in urban India, it argues that contextual research is a critical input to effective \"adoption\" or \"impact\" research. Further, it suggests that the challenges of linking studies of use to those of adoption and impact reflect established dynamics within the Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) research community. The paper identifies three crosscutting themes from the broader literature-amplification vs. change, simultaneous causality, and a multidimensional definition of trust-each of which can offer increased theoretical clarity to future research on m-banking/m-payments systems. Notes on contributors Jonathan Donner is a researcher in the Technology for Emerging Markets Group at Microsoft Research, where he studies the social and economic impacts of mobile communication technologies in developing countries. Camilo Tellez is a doctoral student in the department of Information Systems at the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he specializes in IT for development issues. m-banking Pre-publication draft. Edits possible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68673841,"asset_id":50808072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":144016216,"first_name":"Andres","last_name":"Rueda Tellez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndresRuedaTellez","display_name":"Andres Rueda Tellez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndresRuedaTellez?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4198,"name":"Mobile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":6664,"name":"Adoption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adoption?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":18035,"name":"Mobile Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Banking?f_ri=11584"},{"id":18814,"name":"Information and Communication technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1?f_ri=11584"},{"id":59277,"name":"Mobile telephony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_telephony?f_ri=11584"},{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=11584"},{"id":94661,"name":"Financial Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Services?f_ri=11584"},{"id":142522,"name":"Domestication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestication?f_ri=11584"},{"id":171574,"name":"Payment System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Payment_System?f_ri=11584"},{"id":217280,"name":"Mobile phone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_phone?f_ri=11584"},{"id":235619,"name":"Mobile Banking in Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Banking_in_Developing_Countries?f_ri=11584"},{"id":395704,"name":"Communication and media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies?f_ri=11584"},{"id":434438,"name":"Small Medium Enterprise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Medium_Enterprise?f_ri=11584"},{"id":555831,"name":"Asian communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_communication?f_ri=11584"},{"id":983454,"name":"Multi Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi_Dimensional?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57162541" data-work_id="57162541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57162541/ICT_and_Sustainable_Development">ICT and Sustainable Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We discuss various views and conceptual frameworks put forward in the discussion of ICT and sustainable development: An optimistic and a pessimistic view of ICT with regard to sustainability, the three-pillar approach to sustainable... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57162541" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We discuss various views and conceptual frameworks put forward in the discussion of ICT and sustainable development: An optimistic and a pessimistic view of ICT with regard to sustainability, the three-pillar approach to sustainable development, the three-level approach to ICT impacts, the claim of human, social and ecological compatibility of ICT and the plain use of ICT for development. We show that each of these approaches has its problems and limitations and conclude with formulating the challenges of finding an analytical approach which will effectively support decision-makers in using ICT in the service of sustainable development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57162541" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50e92219392d8c4ed25dc600d346b29f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72194599,"asset_id":57162541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72194599/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="193731134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmanGamal81">Eman Gamal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="193731134" type="text/json">{"id":193731134,"first_name":"Eman","last_name":"Gamal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmanGamal81","display_name":"Eman Gamal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmanGamal81?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/193731134/56326695/44526080/s65_eman.gamal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57162541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57162541"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57162541, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57162541", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57162541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57162541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57162541"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57162541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57162541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57162541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57162541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57162541").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57162541").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57162541"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Sustainable_Development">ICT for Sustainable Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44137" type="text/json">{"id":44137,"name":"ICT for Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57162541]'), work: {"id":57162541,"title":"ICT and Sustainable Development","created_at":"2021-10-11T04:31:59.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57162541/ICT_and_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_57162541","summary":"We discuss various views and conceptual frameworks put forward in the discussion of ICT and sustainable development: An optimistic and a pessimistic view of ICT with regard to sustainability, the three-pillar approach to sustainable development, the three-level approach to ICT impacts, the claim of human, social and ecological compatibility of ICT and the plain use of ICT for development. We show that each of these approaches has its problems and limitations and conclude with formulating the challenges of finding an analytical approach which will effectively support decision-makers in using ICT in the service of sustainable development.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72194599,"asset_id":57162541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":193731134,"first_name":"Eman","last_name":"Gamal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmanGamal81","display_name":"Eman Gamal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmanGamal81?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/193731134/56326695/44526080/s65_eman.gamal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":44137,"name":"ICT for Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":140534,"name":"Conceptual Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Framework?f_ri=11584"},{"id":821516,"name":"Decision Maker","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Maker?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1003655,"name":"HCC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HCC?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35496757" data-work_id="35496757" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35496757/Faculty_Members_Information_and_Communication_Technology_Skills_after_a_Web_2_0_Tools_Activity_Course">Faculty Members’ Information and Communication Technology Skills after a Web 2.0 Tools Activity Course</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Basic studies (CBS) Kuwait, faculty members' usefulness of a web 2.0 tools activity course and how it affected their attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use. The faculty members who had applied to the ICT... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35496757" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Basic studies (CBS) Kuwait, faculty members' usefulness of a web 2.0 tools activity course and how it affected their attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use. The faculty members who had applied to the ICT training course were taught and then surveyed after its completion. The results conveyed a positive overall attitude towards the course; the faculty found the course helpful in work/non-work related tasks, gained adequate ICT skills, understood the course clearly, thought it was interesting, would recommend it to colleagues and they were interested to take another related course in Kuwait/abroad. Departments and colleges of different disciplines can make use of this research to assess their faculty members' ICT skills to find out the benefits gained and to help them in professionally developing their faculty ICT skills regularly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35496757" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9166bd7a6e527631f63eaff2fc975f5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55360006,"asset_id":35496757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55360006/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35582686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HBuarki">Hanadi Buarki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35582686" type="text/json">{"id":35582686,"first_name":"Hanadi","last_name":"Buarki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HBuarki","display_name":"Hanadi Buarki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HBuarki?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35582686/14227643/15195195/s65_hanadi.buarki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35496757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35496757"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35496757, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35496757", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35496757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35496757; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35496757"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35496757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35496757"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35496757; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35496757]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35496757").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35496757").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35496757"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="984" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0">Web 2.0</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="984" type="text/json">{"id":984,"name":"Web 2.0","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9246" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media">Social Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9246" type="text/json">{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35496757]'), work: {"id":35496757,"title":"Faculty Members’ Information and Communication Technology Skills after a Web 2.0 Tools Activity Course","created_at":"2017-12-22T22:55:50.538-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35496757/Faculty_Members_Information_and_Communication_Technology_Skills_after_a_Web_2_0_Tools_Activity_Course?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_35496757","summary":"Basic studies (CBS) Kuwait, faculty members' usefulness of a web 2.0 tools activity course and how it affected their attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use. The faculty members who had applied to the ICT training course were taught and then surveyed after its completion. The results conveyed a positive overall attitude towards the course; the faculty found the course helpful in work/non-work related tasks, gained adequate ICT skills, understood the course clearly, thought it was interesting, would recommend it to colleagues and they were interested to take another related course in Kuwait/abroad. Departments and colleges of different disciplines can make use of this research to assess their faculty members' ICT skills to find out the benefits gained and to help them in professionally developing their faculty ICT skills regularly.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55360006,"asset_id":35496757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35582686,"first_name":"Hanadi","last_name":"Buarki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HBuarki","display_name":"Hanadi Buarki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HBuarki?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35582686/14227643/15195195/s65_hanadi.buarki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":984,"name":"Web 2.0","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":149925,"name":"ICT skills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_skills?f_ri=11584"},{"id":503106,"name":"ICT Skills of Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_Skills_of_Teachers?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22726555" data-work_id="22726555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22726555/Promoting_gender_equality_Some_development_related_uses_of_ICTs_by_women">Promoting gender equality? Some development-related uses of ICTs by women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have created new economic and social opportunities all over the world. Their use, however, continues to be governed by existing power relations whereby women frequently experience relative... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22726555" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have created new economic and social opportunities all over the world. Their use, however, continues to be governed by existing power relations whereby women frequently experience relative disadvantage. Amid this inequality are individuals and organisations that are working to use ICTs to further gender equality. These are the issues addressed by the BRIDGE Cutting Edge Pack on Gender and ICTs. The first section of this article consists of extracts from the Overview Report in the Pack. It describes ways in which women have been able to use ICTs to support new forms of information exchange, organisation, and empowerment. The second section, taken from the textbox ‘Telecentres: Some Myths’, describes three assertions which frequently lead to problems in all forms of investment in development-related information exchanges with poor or less powerful groups, not only those relating to telecentres and women.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22726555" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a020a6edfed402c77b35637940de2c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43296516,"asset_id":22726555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43296516/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="866422" href="https://itforchange.academia.edu/AGurumurthy">Anita Gurumurthy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="866422" type="text/json">{"id":866422,"first_name":"Anita","last_name":"Gurumurthy","domain_name":"itforchange","page_name":"AGurumurthy","display_name":"Anita Gurumurthy","profile_url":"https://itforchange.academia.edu/AGurumurthy?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/866422/311014/13128850/s65_anita.gurumurthy.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22726555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22726555"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22726555, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22726555", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22726555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22726555; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22726555"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22726555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22726555"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22726555; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22726555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22726555").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22726555").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22726555"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7490" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality">Gender Equality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7490" type="text/json">{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women">Women</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8882" type="text/json">{"id":8882,"name":"Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22726555]'), work: {"id":22726555,"title":"Promoting gender equality? Some development-related uses of ICTs by women","created_at":"2016-03-02T23:01:44.820-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22726555/Promoting_gender_equality_Some_development_related_uses_of_ICTs_by_women?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_22726555","summary":"Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have created new economic and social opportunities all over the world. Their use, however, continues to be governed by existing power relations whereby women frequently experience relative disadvantage. Amid this inequality are individuals and organisations that are working to use ICTs to further gender equality. These are the issues addressed by the BRIDGE Cutting Edge Pack on Gender and ICTs. The first section of this article consists of extracts from the Overview Report in the Pack. It describes ways in which women have been able to use ICTs to support new forms of information exchange, organisation, and empowerment. The second section, taken from the textbox ‘Telecentres: Some Myths’, describes three assertions which frequently lead to problems in all forms of investment in development-related information exchanges with poor or less powerful groups, not only those relating to telecentres and women.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43296516,"asset_id":22726555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":866422,"first_name":"Anita","last_name":"Gurumurthy","domain_name":"itforchange","page_name":"AGurumurthy","display_name":"Anita Gurumurthy","profile_url":"https://itforchange.academia.edu/AGurumurthy?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/866422/311014/13128850/s65_anita.gurumurthy.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7490,"name":"Gender Equality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Equality?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8882,"name":"Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=11584"},{"id":82849,"name":"ICTs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICTs?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64162337" data-work_id="64162337" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64162337/Formaci%C3%B3n_docente_en_el_uso_de_TIC_estrategias_diagn%C3%B3sticos_y_necesidades">Formación docente en el uso de TIC: estrategias, diagnósticos y necesidades</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) ha significado una transformación importante. Sin embargo, la sola inserción de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64162337" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La incorporación  de  las Tecnologías  de  la  Información  y Comunicación  (TIC)  en  las  Instituciones  de  Educación Superior    (IES)    ha    significado    una    transformación importante.  Sin  embargo,  la  sola  inserción  de  tecnología no ha generado un cambio significativo enlo que se refiere a la práctica docente, pues no se trata de migrar actividades y procesos tradicionales presenciales a espacios y medios digitales. Esta incorporación ha requerido una capacitación formal para que los docentes hagan uso de tecnología en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. No obstante,  pareciera que  no  se  ha  hecho  de  manera  diferenciada  ni  en  un contexto pedagógico, ya que únicamente se han enfocado en aspectos técnicos. Se utilizó el método metasíntesis para identificar las  estrategias  de  formación  docente  en  el  uso de TIC que se han realizado. Los resultados obtenidos y a partir de los diagnósticos, han permitido identificar cuándo se  detectó  que  la  formación  docente  en  el  uso  de  TIC debiera  darse  dentro  de  una  dimensión  pedagógica.  Los resultados permiten observar que la formación recibida por los docentes hasta ahora, no ha sido suficiente para lograr que puedan incorporar las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje  desde  un  enfoque  pedagógico.  Por  lo  tanto, sigue siendo una tarea pendiente para las IES. Se destaca la necesidad de nuevas estrategias y cursos que fortalezcan las  habilidades  digitales  de  los  profesores  y  que  les proporcionen  las  herramientas que  permitanseleccionar, aplicar y evaluar el uso de TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64162337" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5cfde3f8f488a108d0c7b014414f2473" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76323829,"asset_id":64162337,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76323829/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4248218" href="https://uaq.academia.edu/AlexandroEscuderoNahon">Alexandro Escudero-Nahón</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4248218" type="text/json">{"id":4248218,"first_name":"Alexandro","last_name":"Escudero-Nahón","domain_name":"uaq","page_name":"AlexandroEscuderoNahon","display_name":"Alexandro Escudero-Nahón","profile_url":"https://uaq.academia.edu/AlexandroEscuderoNahon?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4248218/2796709/164206633/s65_alexandro.escudero-nah_n.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64162337 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64162337"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64162337, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64162337", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64162337 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64162337; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64162337"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64162337 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64162337"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64162337; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64162337]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64162337").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64162337").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64162337"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_Education">Adult Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1590" type="text/json">{"id":1590,"name":"Adult Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1601" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education">Teacher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1601" type="text/json">{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1695" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distance_Education">Distance Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1695" type="text/json">{"id":1695,"name":"Distance Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distance_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64162337]'), work: {"id":64162337,"title":"Formación docente en el uso de TIC: estrategias, diagnósticos y necesidades","created_at":"2021-12-14T18:49:30.986-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64162337/Formaci%C3%B3n_docente_en_el_uso_de_TIC_estrategias_diagn%C3%B3sticos_y_necesidades?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_64162337","summary":"La incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) ha significado una transformación importante. Sin embargo, la sola inserción de tecnología no ha generado un cambio significativo enlo que se refiere a la práctica docente, pues no se trata de migrar actividades y procesos tradicionales presenciales a espacios y medios digitales. Esta incorporación ha requerido una capacitación formal para que los docentes hagan uso de tecnología en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. No obstante, pareciera que no se ha hecho de manera diferenciada ni en un contexto pedagógico, ya que únicamente se han enfocado en aspectos técnicos. Se utilizó el método metasíntesis para identificar las estrategias de formación docente en el uso de TIC que se han realizado. Los resultados obtenidos y a partir de los diagnósticos, han permitido identificar cuándo se detectó que la formación docente en el uso de TIC debiera darse dentro de una dimensión pedagógica. Los resultados permiten observar que la formación recibida por los docentes hasta ahora, no ha sido suficiente para lograr que puedan incorporar las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde un enfoque pedagógico. Por lo tanto, sigue siendo una tarea pendiente para las IES. Se destaca la necesidad de nuevas estrategias y cursos que fortalezcan las habilidades digitales de los profesores y que les proporcionen las herramientas que permitanseleccionar, aplicar y evaluar el uso de TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76323829,"asset_id":64162337,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4248218,"first_name":"Alexandro","last_name":"Escudero-Nahón","domain_name":"uaq","page_name":"AlexandroEscuderoNahon","display_name":"Alexandro Escudero-Nahón","profile_url":"https://uaq.academia.edu/AlexandroEscuderoNahon?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4248218/2796709/164206633/s65_alexandro.escudero-nah_n.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1590,"name":"Adult Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1695,"name":"Distance Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distance_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584"},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":23571,"name":"ICT and educational management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_and_educational_management?f_ri=11584"},{"id":51625,"name":"Educación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=11584"},{"id":129412,"name":"TICs aplicadas a la Educacion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TICs_aplicadas_a_la_Educacion?f_ri=11584"},{"id":156915,"name":"Educación superior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n_superior?f_ri=11584"},{"id":171211,"name":"Formación Inicial Docente","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formacion_Inicial_Docente?f_ri=11584"},{"id":193171,"name":"FORMACION DE PROFESORES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FORMACION_DE_PROFESORES?f_ri=11584"},{"id":235972,"name":"THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE EFL CLASSROOM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THE_USE_OF_INFORMATION_AND_COMMUNICATION_TECHNOLOGY_ICT_IN_THE_EFL_CLASSROOM?f_ri=11584"},{"id":268440,"name":"Educacion Matematica Y Tic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educacion_Matematica_Y_Tic?f_ri=11584"},{"id":407776,"name":"Formación docente","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formaci%C3%B3n_docente?f_ri=11584"},{"id":559907,"name":"Políticas TIC en América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politicas_TIC_en_America_Latina?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73844198" data-work_id="73844198" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73844198/USE_OF_INFORMATICS_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF_ASTHMA">USE OF INFORMATICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Asthma is a critical disease that causes airway inflammation and recurrent episodes and has caused many patients to require high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Informatics is helping patients and physicians to monitor the use of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73844198" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Asthma is a critical disease that causes airway inflammation and recurrent episodes and has caused many patients to require high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Informatics is helping patients and physicians to monitor the use of medications and also protect against misuse and insistent exacerbations. Informatics has also been used in discovering reactions to certain medications which help to improve asthmatic treatment prescriptions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73844198" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d14b9610e8d1fcad5519d1555f4fabf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82210873,"asset_id":73844198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82210873/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3428325" href="https://ui-edu-ng.academia.edu/VictorEshameh">Victor Eshameh (MIRM)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3428325" type="text/json">{"id":3428325,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Eshameh (MIRM)","domain_name":"ui-edu-ng","page_name":"VictorEshameh","display_name":"Victor Eshameh (MIRM)","profile_url":"https://ui-edu-ng.academia.edu/VictorEshameh?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3428325/1165920/41549046/s65_victor.eshameh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73844198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73844198"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73844198, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73844198", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73844198]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73844198").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73844198").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73844198"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="459" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Science">Information Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="459" type="text/json">{"id":459,"name":"Information Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73844198]'), work: {"id":73844198,"title":"USE OF INFORMATICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA","created_at":"2022-03-15T14:42:11.682-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73844198/USE_OF_INFORMATICS_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF_ASTHMA?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_73844198","summary":"Asthma is a critical disease that causes airway inflammation and recurrent episodes and has caused many patients to require high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Informatics is helping patients and physicians to monitor the use of medications and also protect against misuse and insistent exacerbations. Informatics has also been used in discovering reactions to certain medications which help to improve asthmatic treatment prescriptions. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82210873,"asset_id":73844198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3428325,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Eshameh (MIRM)","domain_name":"ui-edu-ng","page_name":"VictorEshameh","display_name":"Victor Eshameh (MIRM)","profile_url":"https://ui-edu-ng.academia.edu/VictorEshameh?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3428325/1165920/41549046/s65_victor.eshameh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":459,"name":"Information Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1210,"name":"Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informatics?f_ri=11584"},{"id":3286,"name":"Patient Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Safety?f_ri=11584"},{"id":4198,"name":"Mobile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Technology?f_ri=11584"},{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=11584"},{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=11584"},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma?f_ri=11584"},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=11584"},{"id":27885,"name":"ICT innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_innovation?f_ri=11584"},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=11584"},{"id":522782,"name":"Information Technology and System Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_and_System_Integration?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40299449" data-work_id="40299449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40299449/%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A1_%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%91%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98_%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%96%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9C%D0%90_%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%A5_%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%A3%D0%93_THE_INDEX_OF_LIBERALISM_DIRIGISME_OF_INFORMATION_SERVICES">ИНДЕКС ЛИБЕРАЛЬНОСТИ (ДИРИЖИЗМА) ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ УСЛУГ THE INDEX OF LIBERALISM (DIRIGISME) OF INFORMATION SERVICES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В статье на основе анализа применяемых различными международными организациями методологий оценивания свободы информации, принятия во внимание отсутствия в них важных показателей, отражающих степень вмешательства государства в процесс... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40299449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В статье на основе анализа применяемых различными международными организациями методологий оценивания свободы информации, принятия во внимание отсутствия в них важных показателей, отражающих степень вмешательства государства в процесс предоставления информационных услуг, а также ссылаясь на философию оценивания степени государственного вмешательства в экономику профессора Н. Музаффарли, разработана методология оценивания степени либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг. Таким образом, создан Индекс либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг, позволяющий оценить степень вмешательства государства в процесс их предоставления. Индекс состоит из четырех субиндексов - Субиндекса свободы средств массовой информации, свободы электронных услуг, свободы рекламы и свободы почтовых услуг. Проведено оценивание степени либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг в 32 странах мира. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что самой либеральной страной по интегральному индексу является Турция, самой дирижистской страной является Дания. Азербайджан входит в группу стран с умеренно либеральной сферой информационных услуг. В странах с более либеральной сферой информационных услуг средний уровень ВВП на душу населения ниже, чем в странах, где государство более активно вмешивается в сферу. Ключевые слова: индекс либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг, сфера информационных услуг, государственное вмешательство, либеральность, дирижизм, информация In the article on the base of analysis of methodologies applied by various international organizations for the assessment of information freedom, on the base of taking into consideration the lack of important indicators in them reflecting the degree of government intervention in the provision of information services, and also referring to the philosophy of assessing the degree of government intervention in the economy of professor N. Muzaffarli, the methodology of the assessment of the degree of liberalism (dirigisme) of information services is worked. So, the Index of liberalism (dirigisme) of information services, making it possible to assess the degree of government intervention in the process of their provision is created. The Index consists of four sub-indices-Sub-index of freedom of media, freedom of e-services, freedom of advertisement and freedom of postal services. The degree of liberalism (dirigisme) of information services in 32 countries is assessed. In the result of the research made it was defined that the most liberal country on the integral index is Turkey, the most dirigist country-is Denmark. Azerbaijan is in the group of countries with moderate-liberal information services sector. In countries with more liberal information services sector average GDP per capita is lower than in countries, where government intervenes into the sector more active.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40299449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c0e3090f3e971b26764182b41d37a0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60539102,"asset_id":40299449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60539102/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121215411" href="https://science.academia.edu/LeyliAllahverdiyeva">Leyli Allahverdiyeva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121215411" type="text/json">{"id":121215411,"first_name":"Leyli","last_name":"Allahverdiyeva","domain_name":"science","page_name":"LeyliAllahverdiyeva","display_name":"Leyli Allahverdiyeva","profile_url":"https://science.academia.edu/LeyliAllahverdiyeva?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40299449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40299449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40299449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40299449", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40299449]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40299449").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40299449").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40299449"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3461" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Services_Marketing_and_Management">Services Marketing and Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3461" type="text/json">{"id":3461,"name":"Services Marketing and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Services_Marketing_and_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Services">Information Services</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51831" type="text/json">{"id":51831,"name":"Information Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Services?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40299449]'), work: {"id":40299449,"title":"ИНДЕКС ЛИБЕРАЛЬНОСТИ (ДИРИЖИЗМА) ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ УСЛУГ THE INDEX OF LIBERALISM (DIRIGISME) OF INFORMATION SERVICES","created_at":"2019-09-09T13:49:30.600-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40299449/%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A1_%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%91%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98_%D0%94%D0%98%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%96%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9C%D0%90_%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%A5_%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%A3%D0%93_THE_INDEX_OF_LIBERALISM_DIRIGISME_OF_INFORMATION_SERVICES?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_40299449","summary":"В статье на основе анализа применяемых различными международными организациями методологий оценивания свободы информации, принятия во внимание отсутствия в них важных показателей, отражающих степень вмешательства государства в процесс предоставления информационных услуг, а также ссылаясь на философию оценивания степени государственного вмешательства в экономику профессора Н. Музаффарли, разработана методология оценивания степени либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг. Таким образом, создан Индекс либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг, позволяющий оценить степень вмешательства государства в процесс их предоставления. Индекс состоит из четырех субиндексов - Субиндекса свободы средств массовой информации, свободы электронных услуг, свободы рекламы и свободы почтовых услуг. Проведено оценивание степени либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг в 32 странах мира. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что самой либеральной страной по интегральному индексу является Турция, самой дирижистской страной является Дания. Азербайджан входит в группу стран с умеренно либеральной сферой информационных услуг. В странах с более либеральной сферой информационных услуг средний уровень ВВП на душу населения ниже, чем в странах, где государство более активно вмешивается в сферу. Ключевые слова: индекс либеральности (дирижизма) информационных услуг, сфера информационных услуг, государственное вмешательство, либеральность, дирижизм, информация In the article on the base of analysis of methodologies applied by various international organizations for the assessment of information freedom, on the base of taking into consideration the lack of important indicators in them reflecting the degree of government intervention in the provision of information services, and also referring to the philosophy of assessing the degree of government intervention in the economy of professor N. Muzaffarli, the methodology of the assessment of the degree of liberalism (dirigisme) of information services is worked. So, the Index of liberalism (dirigisme) of information services, making it possible to assess the degree of government intervention in the process of their provision is created. The Index consists of four sub-indices-Sub-index of freedom of media, freedom of e-services, freedom of advertisement and freedom of postal services. The degree of liberalism (dirigisme) of information services in 32 countries is assessed. In the result of the research made it was defined that the most liberal country on the integral index is Turkey, the most dirigist country-is Denmark. Azerbaijan is in the group of countries with moderate-liberal information services sector. In countries with more liberal information services sector average GDP per capita is lower than in countries, where government intervenes into the sector more active.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60539102,"asset_id":40299449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121215411,"first_name":"Leyli","last_name":"Allahverdiyeva","domain_name":"science","page_name":"LeyliAllahverdiyeva","display_name":"Leyli Allahverdiyeva","profile_url":"https://science.academia.edu/LeyliAllahverdiyeva?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3461,"name":"Services Marketing and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Services_Marketing_and_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":51831,"name":"Information Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Services?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9690764" data-work_id="9690764" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9690764/Union_Budget_and_the_Digital_Divide_Old_Wine_in_New_Bottle_EPW_August_2_2014_Vol_XLIX_No_31_p_43_46">Union Budget and the Digital Divide: Old Wine in New Bottle; EPW August 2, 2014, Vol XLIX No 31, p 43-46</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The emphasis on use of digital technologies to bridge the “rural-urban gap” in the union budget is limited to high talk and minimal allocations. The need for a more comprehensive and peoples’ participation-oriented rural action plan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9690764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The emphasis on use of digital technologies to bridge the<br />“rural-urban gap” in the union budget is limited to high talk and<br />minimal allocations. The need for a more comprehensive and<br />peoples’ participation-oriented rural action plan should have<br />been the focus while setting sectoral allocations, but that is<br />not to be in this mid-year budget.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9690764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9cb5bbed69e490633f37001076825b81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35882835,"asset_id":9690764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35882835/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8341166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VipulMudgal">Vipul Mudgal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8341166" type="text/json">{"id":8341166,"first_name":"Vipul","last_name":"Mudgal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VipulMudgal","display_name":"Vipul Mudgal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VipulMudgal?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9690764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9690764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9690764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9690764", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9690764]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9690764").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9690764").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9690764"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1562" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Law">Sociology of Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1562" type="text/json">{"id":1562,"name":"Sociology of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Law?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology">Social and Cultural Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3499" type="text/json">{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Anthropology">Legal Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3768" type="text/json">{"id":3768,"name":"Legal Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Anthropology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9690764]'), work: {"id":9690764,"title":"Union Budget and the Digital Divide: Old Wine in New Bottle; EPW August 2, 2014, Vol XLIX No 31, p 43-46","created_at":"2014-12-09T06:02:51.236-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9690764/Union_Budget_and_the_Digital_Divide_Old_Wine_in_New_Bottle_EPW_August_2_2014_Vol_XLIX_No_31_p_43_46?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_9690764","summary":"The emphasis on use of digital technologies to bridge the\n“rural-urban gap” in the union budget is limited to high talk and\nminimal allocations. The need for a more comprehensive and\npeoples’ participation-oriented rural action plan should have\nbeen the focus while setting sectoral allocations, but that is\nnot to be in this mid-year budget.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35882835,"asset_id":9690764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8341166,"first_name":"Vipul","last_name":"Mudgal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VipulMudgal","display_name":"Vipul Mudgal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VipulMudgal?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1562,"name":"Sociology of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Law?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3768,"name":"Legal Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Anthropology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":14370,"name":"Conflict Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Management?f_ri=11584"},{"id":97424,"name":"Bridging Digital Divide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bridging_Digital_Divide?f_ri=11584"},{"id":130075,"name":"Rural area Connectivity using broadband wireless technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_area_Connectivity_using_broadband_wireless_technologies?f_ri=11584"},{"id":176775,"name":"Technology and Rural Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_and_Rural_Society?f_ri=11584"},{"id":292386,"name":"Tribal and customary laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribal_and_customary_laws?f_ri=11584"},{"id":380567,"name":"Community Radio and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Radio_and_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1558758,"name":"Democratic Decentralization In Rural India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Decentralization_In_Rural_India?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1558759,"name":"Social Exclusion and Empowerment of Weaker Sections in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Exclusion_and_Empowerment_of_Weaker_Sections_in_India?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34628894" data-work_id="34628894" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34628894/How_FinTech_can_help_building_ICT_capacity_in_Bangladesh">How FinTech can help building ICT capacity in Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">At first let’s define FinTech. As per Wiki Fintech is a portmanteau of financial technology that describes an emerging financial services sector in the 21st century. Originally, the term applied to technology applied to the back-end of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34628894" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">At first let’s define FinTech. As per Wiki Fintech is a portmanteau of financial technology that describes an emerging financial services sector in the 21st century. Originally, the term applied to technology applied to the back-end of established consumer and trade financial institutions. Hence FinTech could be the enabler of Mobile Financial Service, Digital Payment Service, iOT, Disruptive Technology and many more.<br />Now let’s discuss how FinTech is helping building ICT capacity and also highlight the present Digitalization condition and how much and where improvement required to have better digital economy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34628894" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb4243b8365d811fab21a4ade4e8ae68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54492072,"asset_id":34628894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54492072/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23911940" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RuhullahAlhusain">Ruhullah Alhusain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23911940" type="text/json">{"id":23911940,"first_name":"Ruhullah","last_name":"Alhusain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuhullahAlhusain","display_name":"Ruhullah Alhusain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuhullahAlhusain?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23911940/6452903/7298717/s65_ruhullah.alhusain.jpg_oh_d664a612af5711de6ed872b6eccb01c8_oe_55407022___gda___1430485495_fa58d22d913b0ecfc518bc0885f63b00"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34628894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34628894"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34628894, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34628894", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34628894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34628894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34628894"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34628894 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34628894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34628894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34628894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34628894").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34628894").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34628894"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecommerce">Ecommerce</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13690" type="text/json">{"id":13690,"name":"Ecommerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecommerce?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27593" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Payment_Systems">Payment Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27593" type="text/json">{"id":27593,"name":"Payment Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Payment_Systems?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_innovation">ICT innovation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27885" type="text/json">{"id":27885,"name":"ICT innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_innovation?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34628894]'), work: {"id":34628894,"title":"How FinTech can help building ICT capacity in Bangladesh","created_at":"2017-09-21T00:24:49.710-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34628894/How_FinTech_can_help_building_ICT_capacity_in_Bangladesh?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_34628894","summary":"At first let’s define FinTech. As per Wiki Fintech is a portmanteau of financial technology that describes an emerging financial services sector in the 21st century. Originally, the term applied to technology applied to the back-end of established consumer and trade financial institutions. Hence FinTech could be the enabler of Mobile Financial Service, Digital Payment Service, iOT, Disruptive Technology and many more.\nNow let’s discuss how FinTech is helping building ICT capacity and also highlight the present Digitalization condition and how much and where improvement required to have better digital economy. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54492072,"asset_id":34628894,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23911940,"first_name":"Ruhullah","last_name":"Alhusain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RuhullahAlhusain","display_name":"Ruhullah Alhusain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RuhullahAlhusain?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23911940/6452903/7298717/s65_ruhullah.alhusain.jpg_oh_d664a612af5711de6ed872b6eccb01c8_oe_55407022___gda___1430485495_fa58d22d913b0ecfc518bc0885f63b00"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":13690,"name":"Ecommerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecommerce?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":27593,"name":"Payment Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Payment_Systems?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":27885,"name":"ICT innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_innovation?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":58561,"name":"Mobile Money","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Money?f_ri=11584"},{"id":118623,"name":"Mobile Payments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Payments?f_ri=11584"},{"id":125276,"name":"Mobile Financial Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Financial_Services?f_ri=11584"},{"id":581183,"name":"Performance of ICT industry in Bangladesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_of_ICT_industry_in_Bangladesh?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1594197,"name":"Fintech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fintech?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70249909" data-work_id="70249909" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70249909/Aligning_needs_and_means_On_culture_ICT_and_knowledge_in_development_cooperation">Aligning needs and means. On culture, ICT and knowledge in development cooperation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper takes an interdisciplinary view on the societal role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The applied research case discussed in building a global online community of practice for people working on community-based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70249909" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper takes an interdisciplinary view on the societal role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The applied research case discussed in building a global online community of practice for people working on community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). The purpose is to point to some limitations connected with culture and knowledge inherent in the emphasis on ICT in development cooperation. The technological optimism that fuels the ICT side of the argument must be aligned with the humanist side, representing values and cultures. The goal is to present the elements of a broad and result-oriented knowledge management approach. This will enable a more realistic assessment of the incentives and constrains in using ICT in development cooperation, thus aligning the needs at the local level with the ICT means at disposal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70249909" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2545e3345679f873a6033b3cb0c9b4c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80077102,"asset_id":70249909,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80077102/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="280936" href="https://supras.academia.edu/Lars">Lars T Soeftestad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="280936" type="text/json">{"id":280936,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Soeftestad","domain_name":"supras","page_name":"Lars","display_name":"Lars T Soeftestad","profile_url":"https://supras.academia.edu/Lars?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/280936/63292/37134736/s65_lars.soeftestad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70249909 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70249909"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70249909, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70249909", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70249909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70249909").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70249909").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70249909"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management">Knowledge Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1241" type="text/json">{"id":1241,"name":"Knowledge Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development">International Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2585" type="text/json">{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3256" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Communities">Online Communities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3256" type="text/json">{"id":3256,"name":"Online Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Communities?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70249909]'), work: {"id":70249909,"title":"Aligning needs and means. On culture, ICT and knowledge in development cooperation","created_at":"2022-02-01T22:45:54.796-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70249909/Aligning_needs_and_means_On_culture_ICT_and_knowledge_in_development_cooperation?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_70249909","summary":"This paper takes an interdisciplinary view on the societal role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The applied research case discussed in building a global online community of practice for people working on community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). The purpose is to point to some limitations connected with culture and knowledge inherent in the emphasis on ICT in development cooperation. The technological optimism that fuels the ICT side of the argument must be aligned with the humanist side, representing values and cultures. The goal is to present the elements of a broad and result-oriented knowledge management approach. This will enable a more realistic assessment of the incentives and constrains in using ICT in development cooperation, thus aligning the needs at the local level with the ICT means at disposal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80077102,"asset_id":70249909,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":280936,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Soeftestad","domain_name":"supras","page_name":"Lars","display_name":"Lars T Soeftestad","profile_url":"https://supras.academia.edu/Lars?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/280936/63292/37134736/s65_lars.soeftestad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1241,"name":"Knowledge Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3256,"name":"Online Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Communities?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=11584"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=11584"},{"id":10414,"name":"ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT?f_ri=11584"},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":14404,"name":"Knowledge Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Systems?f_ri=11584"},{"id":18814,"name":"Information and Communication technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1?f_ri=11584"},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=11584"},{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge?f_ri=11584"},{"id":50732,"name":"Community of Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_of_Practice?f_ri=11584"},{"id":65981,"name":"Needs Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Assessment?f_ri=11584"},{"id":98625,"name":"Needs Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Analysis?f_ri=11584"},{"id":112176,"name":"Development cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_cooperation?f_ri=11584"},{"id":149076,"name":"Needs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs?f_ri=11584"},{"id":496336,"name":"CBNRM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CBNRM?f_ri=11584"},{"id":953432,"name":"CBNRM Net","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CBNRM_Net?f_ri=11584"},{"id":957610,"name":"Need Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Need_Assessment?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_548454" data-work_id="548454" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/548454/TIC_y_competitividad_en_el_sector_tur%C3%ADstico">TIC y competitividad en el sector turístico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The integration of It to communicate with the tourist, such as social networks, it does not only to know better the need f the customer, but also to better positioning in the search engines, the web of the tourist destination and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_548454" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The integration of It to communicate with the tourist, such as social networks, it does not only to know better the need f the customer, but also to better positioning in the search engines, the web of the tourist destination and strengthening its brand. Thus, it seems obvious there must be a coordination between local tourist organizations and the destination management organizartion, when managing the communication strategies in the Internet.<br /><br />La incorporación de herramientas de comunicación con los turistas, como las redes sociales online, no sólo sirven para conocer mejor la opinión del turista sobre los servicios del destino, si no que también sirven para posicionar mejor los sitios web y la marca del destino en la red y en los motores de búsqueda. La coordinación entre público y privado, parece, pues necesaria a la hora de gestionar sus estrategias de comunicación en la red.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/548454" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec75ed39f885e5c114629034965e1afb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2762826,"asset_id":548454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2762826/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22596" href="https://cett.academia.edu/OriolMiralbellIzard">Oriol Miralbell Izard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22596" type="text/json">{"id":22596,"first_name":"Oriol","last_name":"Miralbell Izard","domain_name":"cett","page_name":"OriolMiralbellIzard","display_name":"Oriol Miralbell Izard","profile_url":"https://cett.academia.edu/OriolMiralbellIzard?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22596/7563/2727609/s65_oriol.miralbell_izard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_548454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="548454"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 548454, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_548454", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_548454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 548454; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_548454"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_548454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="548454"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 548454; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=548454]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_548454").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_548454").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="548454"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="909" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies">Tourism Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="909" type="text/json">{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="200856" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eTourism-Information_Technology_for_Strategic_Tourism_Management_ICT">eTourism–Information Technology for Strategic Tourism Management, ICT</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="200856" type="text/json">{"id":200856,"name":"eTourism–Information Technology for Strategic Tourism Management, ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eTourism-Information_Technology_for_Strategic_Tourism_Management_ICT?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=548454]'), work: {"id":548454,"title":"TIC y competitividad en el sector turístico","created_at":"2011-04-27T18:52:09.637-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/548454/TIC_y_competitividad_en_el_sector_tur%C3%ADstico?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_548454","summary":"The integration of It to communicate with the tourist, such as social networks, it does not only to know better the need f the customer, but also to better positioning in the search engines, the web of the tourist destination and strengthening its brand. Thus, it seems obvious there must be a coordination between local tourist organizations and the destination management organizartion, when managing the communication strategies in the Internet.\n\nLa incorporación de herramientas de comunicación con los turistas, como las redes sociales online, no sólo sirven para conocer mejor la opinión del turista sobre los servicios del destino, si no que también sirven para posicionar mejor los sitios web y la marca del destino en la red y en los motores de búsqueda. La coordinación entre público y privado, parece, pues necesaria a la hora de gestionar sus estrategias de comunicación en la red. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2762826,"asset_id":548454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22596,"first_name":"Oriol","last_name":"Miralbell Izard","domain_name":"cett","page_name":"OriolMiralbellIzard","display_name":"Oriol Miralbell Izard","profile_url":"https://cett.academia.edu/OriolMiralbellIzard?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22596/7563/2727609/s65_oriol.miralbell_izard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":200856,"name":"eTourism–Information Technology for Strategic Tourism Management, ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eTourism-Information_Technology_for_Strategic_Tourism_Management_ICT?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33565520" data-work_id="33565520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33565520/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_in_African_countries_a_socio_economic_and_development_approach">Information and Communication Technologies in African countries: a socio-economic and development approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is widely accepted that the key drivers of economic growth are largely dependent on the level of technology, innovation and knowledge.2 In this regard, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) are at the core of innovation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33565520" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is widely accepted that the key drivers of economic growth are largely dependent on the level of technology, innovation and knowledge.2 In this regard, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) are at the core of innovation activities, technology diffusion and knowledge diffusion within societies. Therefore ICT, if utilised effectively can become a very valuable device in promoting sustainable growth in societies3 The African continent's economic growth is becoming increasingly broad based. Excluding South Africa, on average in 2012, Africa's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate reached 4, 7%.4 In Africa in 2012, twenty-five countries' GDP growth rate was above 7% and fourteen countries grew at a rate between 3% and 5%5. This growth rate is attributed to an increase in the value of commodities, increased remittances, and policy reforms which have stimulated foreign direct investment (FDI). Despite the GDP growth rate increase, African economies remain fragile as economic diversification remains low. This paper explores the interrelationship between the ICT and socio economic growth in Africa. This relationship is explored through an in depth analysis of the international experience of the ICT; the necessity of new economic and development instruments; the positive impact of the ICT on the socio economic development in Africa, and the actual limits of the ICT in Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33565520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0af4c59daed6187c96bed1add75301a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53676543,"asset_id":33565520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53676543/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31150370" href="https://independent.academia.edu/stephanejacquessoamimabiala">stephane jacques soami mabiala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31150370" type="text/json">{"id":31150370,"first_name":"stephane jacques","last_name":"soami mabiala","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"stephanejacquessoamimabiala","display_name":"stephane jacques soami mabiala","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/stephanejacquessoamimabiala?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31150370/10454180/11664859/s65_stephane_jacques.soami_mabiala.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33565520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33565520"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33565520, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33565520", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33565520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33565520; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33565520"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33565520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33565520"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33565520; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33565520]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33565520").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33565520").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33565520"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33565520]'), work: {"id":33565520,"title":"Information and Communication Technologies in African countries: a socio-economic and development approach","created_at":"2017-06-20T01:36:37.847-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33565520/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_in_African_countries_a_socio_economic_and_development_approach?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_33565520","summary":"It is widely accepted that the key drivers of economic growth are largely dependent on the level of technology, innovation and knowledge.2 In this regard, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) are at the core of innovation activities, technology diffusion and knowledge diffusion within societies. Therefore ICT, if utilised effectively can become a very valuable device in promoting sustainable growth in societies3 The African continent's economic growth is becoming increasingly broad based. Excluding South Africa, on average in 2012, Africa's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate reached 4, 7%.4 In Africa in 2012, twenty-five countries' GDP growth rate was above 7% and fourteen countries grew at a rate between 3% and 5%5. This growth rate is attributed to an increase in the value of commodities, increased remittances, and policy reforms which have stimulated foreign direct investment (FDI). Despite the GDP growth rate increase, African economies remain fragile as economic diversification remains low. This paper explores the interrelationship between the ICT and socio economic growth in Africa. This relationship is explored through an in depth analysis of the international experience of the ICT; the necessity of new economic and development instruments; the positive impact of the ICT on the socio economic development in Africa, and the actual limits of the ICT in Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53676543,"asset_id":33565520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31150370,"first_name":"stephane jacques","last_name":"soami mabiala","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"stephanejacquessoamimabiala","display_name":"stephane jacques soami mabiala","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/stephanejacquessoamimabiala?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31150370/10454180/11664859/s65_stephane_jacques.soami_mabiala.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24987910 coauthored" data-work_id="24987910" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24987910/Aplicaci%C3%B3n_de_las_TIC_en_educaci%C3%B3n_la_curadur%C3%ADa_de_contenidos">Aplicación de las TIC en educación: la curaduría de contenidos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La globalización y los nuevos patrones de vida y trabajo introducidos por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) traen consigo nuevas formas de gestionar el conocimiento en las aulas e incrementan la demanda de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24987910" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La globalización y los nuevos patrones de vida y trabajo introducidos por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) traen consigo nuevas formas de gestionar el conocimiento en las aulas e incrementan la demanda de competencias que deben reunir los profesionales en el siglo XXI: ser “conocedor” de una materia o disciplina ya no será suficiente, pues el conocimiento tiende rápidamente a la obsolescencia. Ahora se debe contar con competencias avanzadas para enfrentar, entre otros problemas, la ingente masa de información y estar preparadas para filtrar la información, pensar de manera crítica acerca de ella y saber aplicarla en la solución de problemas (Cisco, 2010: III). Brand Gruwel, Wopereis y Walraven (2009: 1207), al revisar diferentes investigaciones sobre el uso de la información en el aula, identifican la incapacidad de muchos estudiantes para resolver problemas basados en la información; niños, adolescentes y adultos no saben seleccionar los términos a utilizar en la búsqueda de información. Personas de diferentes edades fallan en la búsqueda de información y la valoración de los resultados. Pocas veces se evalúa la pertinencia y confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos y no siempre cuestionan la validez de las fuentes de información. Destacan que los estudiantes carecen de las habilidades de regulación y tienen dificultades para definir el problema. Atendiendo a estos resultados, proponen que los estudiantes aprendan a resolver problemas basados en la información y desarrollen estrategias transferibles a diferentes situaciones.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24987910" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6439e82b17304b1831659803a2eae42" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45314946,"asset_id":24987910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45314946/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4352038" href="https://ipn.academia.edu/Innovaci%C3%B3nEducativaIPN">Revista Innovación Educativa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4352038" type="text/json">{"id":4352038,"first_name":"Revista Innovación Educativa,","last_name":"Instituto Politécnico Nacional","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"InnovaciónEducativaIPN","display_name":"Revista Innovación Educativa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/Innovaci%C3%B3nEducativaIPN?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4352038/1752495/7935171/s65_innovaci_n_educativa.ipn.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-24987910">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-24987910"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ipn.academia.edu/NoelAngulo">Noel Angulo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-24987910'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-24987910').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24987910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24987910"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24987910, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24987910", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24987910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24987910; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24987910"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24987910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24987910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24987910; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24987910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24987910").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24987910").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24987910"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129412" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TICs_aplicadas_a_la_Educacion">TICs aplicadas a la Educacion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129412" type="text/json">{"id":129412,"name":"TICs aplicadas a la Educacion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TICs_aplicadas_a_la_Educacion?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262825" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tics_and_education">Tics and education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="262825" type="text/json">{"id":262825,"name":"Tics and education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tics_and_education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24987910]'), work: {"id":24987910,"title":"Aplicación de las TIC en educación: la curaduría de contenidos","created_at":"2016-05-03T08:23:27.372-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24987910/Aplicaci%C3%B3n_de_las_TIC_en_educaci%C3%B3n_la_curadur%C3%ADa_de_contenidos?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_24987910","summary":"La globalización y los nuevos patrones de vida y trabajo introducidos por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) traen consigo nuevas formas de gestionar el conocimiento en las aulas e incrementan la demanda de competencias que deben reunir los profesionales en el siglo XXI: ser “conocedor” de una materia o disciplina ya no será suficiente, pues el conocimiento tiende rápidamente a la obsolescencia. Ahora se debe contar con competencias avanzadas para enfrentar, entre otros problemas, la ingente masa de información y estar preparadas para filtrar la información, pensar de manera crítica acerca de ella y saber aplicarla en la solución de problemas (Cisco, 2010: III). Brand Gruwel, Wopereis y Walraven (2009: 1207), al revisar diferentes investigaciones sobre el uso de la información en el aula, identifican la incapacidad de muchos estudiantes para resolver problemas basados en la información; niños, adolescentes y adultos no saben seleccionar los términos a utilizar en la búsqueda de información. Personas de diferentes edades fallan en la búsqueda de información y la valoración de los resultados. Pocas veces se evalúa la pertinencia y confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos y no siempre cuestionan la validez de las fuentes de información. Destacan que los estudiantes carecen de las habilidades de regulación y tienen dificultades para definir el problema. Atendiendo a estos resultados, proponen que los estudiantes aprendan a resolver problemas basados en la información y desarrollen estrategias transferibles a diferentes situaciones.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45314946,"asset_id":24987910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4352038,"first_name":"Revista Innovación Educativa,","last_name":"Instituto Politécnico Nacional","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"InnovaciónEducativaIPN","display_name":"Revista Innovación Educativa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/Innovaci%C3%B3nEducativaIPN?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4352038/1752495/7935171/s65_innovaci_n_educativa.ipn.jpg"},{"id":308293,"first_name":"Noel","last_name":"Angulo","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"NoelAngulo","display_name":"Noel Angulo","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/NoelAngulo?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/308293/2675024/18518014/s65_noel.angulo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":129412,"name":"TICs aplicadas a la Educacion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TICs_aplicadas_a_la_Educacion?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":262825,"name":"Tics and education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tics_and_education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21690501 coauthored" data-work_id="21690501" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21690501/Defining_and_Evaluating_CSCL_Projects_Managing_Towards_Evaluation">Defining and Evaluating CSCL Projects: Managing Towards Evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Preparing, managing and evaluating educational technology initiatives, including projects that involve computer support for collaborative learning (CSCL), is a difficult task due to the numerous variables involved. In this paper, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21690501" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Preparing, managing and evaluating educational technology initiatives, including projects that involve computer support for collaborative learning (CSCL), is a difficult task due to the numerous variables involved. In this paper, we propose a method to implement a " theory of change " approach to CSCL projects. The academic-sounding phrase " theory of change " is basically a way to ask, "What is the project designed to accomplish, and how are its components intended to get it there?" The method helps project teams articulate their own theory of change and specify goals, outcomes and indicators, leading to an evaluation plan for the project that is satisfying to the target group, the implementers, and the funding parties. The method proposed is aimed at all participants involved, but in particular those who have the responsibility to design the educational technology projects. The method also offers assistance in determining evaluation criteria for the project. The paper discusses problems inherent in the articulation, planning and evaluation of CSCL initiatives, and draws out the initial steps necessary to implement a theory of change approach. INTRODUCTION The explosive growth and functionality of Information and Communication Technology (ICT i) in general, and the Internet in particular, has spurned discussion how to embrace this revolution for learning. Universities are under increasing pressure to use this technological innovation as a means to control costs, improve quality, and operate more flexible and client-centered. Given the millions of dollars that are spent on ICT, there is an increasing call for accountability. The question is simple: does teaching and learning benefit from these investments? Obtaining the answer, however, is complicated. It means appraising the effect of our intervention (Phipps, 1999). An often-heard complaint is that evaluation methodology is subverted by a myriad of confounding variables brought on by others involved in the project. Why is this happening and how can we avoid this? We suggest that this problem arises out of four common misconceptions about educational technology projects. These misconceptions cause a " garbage in, garbage out " effect, i.e., the evaluation cannot be better than the parameters built into the project from the start. In the remainder of this paper, we first discuss these misconceptions and then propose a method to help projects avoiding these evaluation traps.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21690501" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7bf7983d1df4de04d503565a2d70340" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42386399,"asset_id":21690501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42386399/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42903029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LPlugge">L. Plugge</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42903029" type="text/json">{"id":42903029,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Plugge","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LPlugge","display_name":"L. Plugge","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LPlugge?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21690501">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21690501"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uky.academia.edu/JohnNash">John Nash</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21690501'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21690501').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21690501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21690501"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21690501, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21690501", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21690501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21690501; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21690501"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21690501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21690501"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21690501; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21690501]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21690501").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21690501").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21690501"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology">Educational Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003" type="text/json">{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4394" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_Educational_design">ICT Educational design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4394" type="text/json">{"id":4394,"name":"ICT Educational design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_Educational_design?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21690501]'), work: {"id":21690501,"title":"Defining and Evaluating CSCL Projects: Managing Towards Evaluation","created_at":"2016-02-08T06:46:24.690-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21690501/Defining_and_Evaluating_CSCL_Projects_Managing_Towards_Evaluation?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_21690501","summary":"Preparing, managing and evaluating educational technology initiatives, including projects that involve computer support for collaborative learning (CSCL), is a difficult task due to the numerous variables involved. In this paper, we propose a method to implement a \" theory of change \" approach to CSCL projects. The academic-sounding phrase \" theory of change \" is basically a way to ask, \"What is the project designed to accomplish, and how are its components intended to get it there?\" The method helps project teams articulate their own theory of change and specify goals, outcomes and indicators, leading to an evaluation plan for the project that is satisfying to the target group, the implementers, and the funding parties. The method proposed is aimed at all participants involved, but in particular those who have the responsibility to design the educational technology projects. The method also offers assistance in determining evaluation criteria for the project. The paper discusses problems inherent in the articulation, planning and evaluation of CSCL initiatives, and draws out the initial steps necessary to implement a theory of change approach. INTRODUCTION The explosive growth and functionality of Information and Communication Technology (ICT i) in general, and the Internet in particular, has spurned discussion how to embrace this revolution for learning. Universities are under increasing pressure to use this technological innovation as a means to control costs, improve quality, and operate more flexible and client-centered. Given the millions of dollars that are spent on ICT, there is an increasing call for accountability. The question is simple: does teaching and learning benefit from these investments? Obtaining the answer, however, is complicated. It means appraising the effect of our intervention (Phipps, 1999). An often-heard complaint is that evaluation methodology is subverted by a myriad of confounding variables brought on by others involved in the project. Why is this happening and how can we avoid this? We suggest that this problem arises out of four common misconceptions about educational technology projects. These misconceptions cause a \" garbage in, garbage out \" effect, i.e., the evaluation cannot be better than the parameters built into the project from the start. In the remainder of this paper, we first discuss these misconceptions and then propose a method to help projects avoiding these evaluation traps.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42386399,"asset_id":21690501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42903029,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Plugge","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LPlugge","display_name":"L. Plugge","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LPlugge?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":3374261,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Nash","domain_name":"uky","page_name":"JohnNash","display_name":"John Nash","profile_url":"https://uky.academia.edu/JohnNash?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3374261/1168811/36347387/s65_john.nash.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":4394,"name":"ICT Educational design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_Educational_design?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8668,"name":"Computer Supported Collaborative Learning CSCL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Supported_Collaborative_Learning_CSCL?f_ri=11584"},{"id":8679,"name":"Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Supported_Collaborative_Learning_CSCL_?f_ri=11584"},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=11584"},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":47813,"name":"Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planning?f_ri=11584"},{"id":109977,"name":"Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Supported_Collaborative_Learning_CSCL_?f_ri=11584"},{"id":142046,"name":"Theory of Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Change?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43385996" data-work_id="43385996" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43385996/Digital_Divide_Empowering_and_connecting_with_ICT_People_with_Disability_in_Tanzania">Digital Divide: Empowering and connecting with ICT People with Disability in Tanzania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Internet Society conducted the Internet Society's 2020 training program. I joined the Building Community Networks training: In this course I learned how to build wireless community networks. The covered topics included wireless... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43385996" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Internet Society conducted the Internet Society's 2020 training program. I joined the Building Community Networks training: In this course I learned how to build wireless community networks. The covered topics included wireless network standards, radio physics, practical network planning, IP network administration, radio device configuration, securing wireless networks, and more. This course was recommended for professionals with basic technical background. As a participant with limited background in Community Networks; I was just interested in being an Advocate of community networks' initiatives. I have written an article; it explains the gap of digital divide by looking at the community of people with disabilities in Tanzania. I pleased to share with you attached herewith, for comments and constructive critique.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43385996" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38091e84b738fc3afd3dd75efd132eb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63680947,"asset_id":43385996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63680947/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4242677" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MsafiriMsedi">Msafiri Msedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4242677" type="text/json">{"id":4242677,"first_name":"Msafiri","last_name":"Msedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MsafiriMsedi","display_name":"Msafiri Msedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MsafiriMsedi?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4242677/1679512/2018519/s65_msafiri.msedi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43385996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43385996"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43385996, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43385996", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43385996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43385996; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43385996"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43385996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43385996"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43385996; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43385996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43385996").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43385996").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43385996"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment">Empowerment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8470" type="text/json">{"id":8470,"name":"Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Library">Digital Library</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48200" type="text/json">{"id":48200,"name":"Digital Library","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Library?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="496530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Networks">Community Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="496530" type="text/json">{"id":496530,"name":"Community Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Networks?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43385996]'), work: {"id":43385996,"title":"Digital Divide: Empowering and connecting with ICT People with Disability in Tanzania","created_at":"2020-06-19T09:07:57.031-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43385996/Digital_Divide_Empowering_and_connecting_with_ICT_People_with_Disability_in_Tanzania?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_43385996","summary":" The Internet Society conducted the Internet Society's 2020 training program. I joined the Building Community Networks training: In this course I learned how to build wireless community networks. The covered topics included wireless network standards, radio physics, practical network planning, IP network administration, radio device configuration, securing wireless networks, and more. This course was recommended for professionals with basic technical background. As a participant with limited background in Community Networks; I was just interested in being an Advocate of community networks' initiatives. I have written an article; it explains the gap of digital divide by looking at the community of people with disabilities in Tanzania. I pleased to share with you attached herewith, for comments and constructive critique.\n\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63680947,"asset_id":43385996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4242677,"first_name":"Msafiri","last_name":"Msedi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MsafiriMsedi","display_name":"Msafiri Msedi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MsafiriMsedi?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4242677/1679512/2018519/s65_msafiri.msedi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8470,"name":"Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":48200,"name":"Digital Library","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Library?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":496530,"name":"Community Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Networks?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74299120" data-work_id="74299120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/74299120/ICT_Diffusion_Foreign_Direct_Investment_and_Inclusive_Growth_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa">ICT Diffusion, Foreign Direct Investment and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines the joint effects of ICT diffusion (composed of access, usage and skills), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study draws on data from the World Bank’s World... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74299120" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the joint effects of ICT diffusion (composed of access, usage and skills), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study draws on data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, and the Global Consumption and Income Project for the period 1980–2019 for the analysis. The study provides evidence robust to several specifications from ordinary least squares and dynamic system GMM estimation techniques to show that: (1) FDI and ICT diffusion and corresponding components (ICT access, usage, skills) induce inclusive growth in SSA; (2) compared to its direct effect, FDI is remarkable in fostering shared growth in SSA in the presence of greater ICT diffusion, and (3) compared to ICT access and usage, ICT skills are more effective in driving inclusive growth in SSA. Overall FDI modulates ICT dynamics to engender positive synergy effects on inclusive growth. Policy recommendations are provided in line with the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement and the projected rise in FDI in SSA from 2022.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74299120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44835714" href="https://uninsubria.academia.edu/IsaacKwesiOfori">Isaac Kwesi Ofori</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44835714" type="text/json">{"id":44835714,"first_name":"Isaac Kwesi","last_name":"Ofori","domain_name":"uninsubria","page_name":"IsaacKwesiOfori","display_name":"Isaac Kwesi Ofori","profile_url":"https://uninsubria.academia.edu/IsaacKwesiOfori?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44835714/16012693/73271395/s65_isaac_kwesi.ofori.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74299120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74299120"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74299120, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74299120", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74299120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74299120").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74299120").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74299120"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74299120]'), work: {"id":74299120,"title":"ICT Diffusion, Foreign Direct Investment and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa","created_at":"2022-03-22T05:26:58.333-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74299120/ICT_Diffusion_Foreign_Direct_Investment_and_Inclusive_Growth_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_74299120","summary":"This study examines the joint effects of ICT diffusion (composed of access, usage and skills), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on inclusive growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study draws on data from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, and the Global Consumption and Income Project for the period 1980–2019 for the analysis. The study provides evidence robust to several specifications from ordinary least squares and dynamic system GMM estimation techniques to show that: (1) FDI and ICT diffusion and corresponding components (ICT access, usage, skills) induce inclusive growth in SSA; (2) compared to its direct effect, FDI is remarkable in fostering shared growth in SSA in the presence of greater ICT diffusion, and (3) compared to ICT access and usage, ICT skills are more effective in driving inclusive growth in SSA. Overall FDI modulates ICT dynamics to engender positive synergy effects on inclusive growth. Policy recommendations are provided in line with the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement and the projected rise in FDI in SSA from 2022.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44835714,"first_name":"Isaac Kwesi","last_name":"Ofori","domain_name":"uninsubria","page_name":"IsaacKwesiOfori","display_name":"Isaac Kwesi Ofori","profile_url":"https://uninsubria.academia.edu/IsaacKwesiOfori?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44835714/16012693/73271395/s65_isaac_kwesi.ofori.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=11584"},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=11584"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":21637,"name":"Globalisation and Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":69856,"name":"Social Science Research Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_Research_Network?f_ri=11584"},{"id":94591,"name":"ICT adoption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_adoption?f_ri=11584"},{"id":95088,"name":"Poverty and Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Inequality-1?f_ri=11584"},{"id":121777,"name":"Inclusive growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_growth?f_ri=11584"},{"id":133222,"name":"Poverty Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Studies?f_ri=11584"},{"id":161235,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment_FDI_-1?f_ri=11584"},{"id":220305,"name":"Inclusive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":816369,"name":"IIT Institute of Informatics and Telematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IIT_Institute_of_Informatics_and_Telematics?f_ri=11584"},{"id":977029,"name":"Foreing Direct Investments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreing_Direct_Investments?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1382633,"name":"Inclusive Growth In Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_Growth_In_Africa?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1399648,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment_and_Trade_Openness?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7960220" data-work_id="7960220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7960220/Using_Program_Visualization_to_Improve_ICT_Skills_towards_Achieving_Vision_2030">Using Program Visualization to Improve ICT Skills towards Achieving Vision 2030 </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ICT has become an imperative component in enhancing industrialization and socio-economic growth in developed and developing countries. It is thus irresistible for any nation that wishes and plans to expand its growth. In the Vision... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7960220" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ICT has become an imperative component in enhancing industrialization and socio-economic growth in developed and <br />developing countries. It is thus irresistible for any nation that wishes and plans to expand its growth. In the Vision 2030, <br />the country seeks to provide ICT services that are quality and affordable to many. Any ICT component will include some <br />software (program) and hardware. However, programming remains a hurdle to many ICT professionals, teachers and the <br />students thereof and thus country imports most of its software. This poses a danger of slowing down possible innovations <br />and developments that would otherwise be realized if the programming skill is mastered. This paper evaluates <br />programming from the students’ perspective on its relevance, understandability and usage of emerging trends to learn it. <br />During the study, a sampled population of students of IT and computer science students was evaluated using <br />questionnaires. It was evident that most students desired better ways other than the chalk-board method or using <br />PowerPoint slides. It however emerged that most students were unaware of existing tools that can aid learn programming. <br />The paper culminates by a brief discussion of the emerging trend of using program visualization tools to teach/learn <br />programming.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7960220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9459bbc06458f694a10042bc6b3ed73f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34432759,"asset_id":7960220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34432759/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15086111" href="https://mmust.academia.edu/ElisabethAbenga">Elizabeth S . B Abenga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15086111" type="text/json">{"id":15086111,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Abenga","domain_name":"mmust","page_name":"ElisabethAbenga","display_name":"Elizabeth S . B Abenga","profile_url":"https://mmust.academia.edu/ElisabethAbenga?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15086111/86494608/122635973/s65_elisabeth.abenga.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7960220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7960220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7960220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7960220", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7960220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7960220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7960220"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7960220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7960220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7960220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7960220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7960220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7960220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7960220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7960220]'), work: {"id":7960220,"title":"Using Program Visualization to Improve ICT Skills towards Achieving Vision 2030 ","created_at":"2014-08-13T03:13:59.077-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7960220/Using_Program_Visualization_to_Improve_ICT_Skills_towards_Achieving_Vision_2030?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_7960220","summary":"ICT has become an imperative component in enhancing industrialization and socio-economic growth in developed and \r\ndeveloping countries. It is thus irresistible for any nation that wishes and plans to expand its growth. In the Vision 2030, \r\nthe country seeks to provide ICT services that are quality and affordable to many. Any ICT component will include some \r\nsoftware (program) and hardware. However, programming remains a hurdle to many ICT professionals, teachers and the \r\nstudents thereof and thus country imports most of its software. This poses a danger of slowing down possible innovations \r\nand developments that would otherwise be realized if the programming skill is mastered. This paper evaluates \r\nprogramming from the students’ perspective on its relevance, understandability and usage of emerging trends to learn it. \r\nDuring the study, a sampled population of students of IT and computer science students was evaluated using \r\nquestionnaires. It was evident that most students desired better ways other than the chalk-board method or using \r\nPowerPoint slides. It however emerged that most students were unaware of existing tools that can aid learn programming. \r\nThe paper culminates by a brief discussion of the emerging trend of using program visualization tools to teach/learn \r\nprogramming. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34432759,"asset_id":7960220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15086111,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Abenga","domain_name":"mmust","page_name":"ElisabethAbenga","display_name":"Elizabeth S . B Abenga","profile_url":"https://mmust.academia.edu/ElisabethAbenga?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15086111/86494608/122635973/s65_elisabeth.abenga.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2716922" data-work_id="2716922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2716922/Persistent_themes_in_ICT4D_Research_priorities_for_inter_methodological_exchange">Persistent themes in ICT4D Research: priorities for inter-methodological exchange</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“Information and communication technologies for development”(ICT4D) is the name given to a range of activity which considers how electronic technologies can be used towards socio-economic development of developing communities worldwide.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2716922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Information and communication technologies for development”(ICT4D) is the name given to a range of activity which considers how electronic technologies can be used towards socio-economic development of developing communities worldwide. Typical technologies considered in ICT4D include PCs, the Internet, and mobile phones, and the domains of application are as broad as global development itself: public health, education, agriculture, microfinance, sanitation, political activism, and so on.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2716922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e44827ac598e081cce6bcd170d5426c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30696999,"asset_id":2716922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30696999/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3111631" href="https://microsoft.academia.edu/jonathandonner">jonathan donner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3111631" type="text/json">{"id":3111631,"first_name":"jonathan","last_name":"donner","domain_name":"microsoft","page_name":"jonathandonner","display_name":"jonathan donner","profile_url":"https://microsoft.academia.edu/jonathandonner?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3111631/1022421/1277861/s65_jonathan.donner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2716922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2716922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2716922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2716922", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2716922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2716922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2716922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2716922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22542" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICTD">ICTD</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22542" type="text/json">{"id":22542,"name":"ICTD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICTD?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2716922]'), work: {"id":2716922,"title":"Persistent themes in ICT4D Research: priorities for inter-methodological exchange","created_at":"2013-02-27T11:53:30.518-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2716922/Persistent_themes_in_ICT4D_Research_priorities_for_inter_methodological_exchange?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_2716922","summary":"“Information and communication technologies for development”(ICT4D) is the name given to a range of activity which considers how electronic technologies can be used towards socio-economic development of developing communities worldwide. Typical technologies considered in ICT4D include PCs, the Internet, and mobile phones, and the domains of application are as broad as global development itself: public health, education, agriculture, microfinance, sanitation, political activism, and so on.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30696999,"asset_id":2716922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3111631,"first_name":"jonathan","last_name":"donner","domain_name":"microsoft","page_name":"jonathandonner","display_name":"jonathan donner","profile_url":"https://microsoft.academia.edu/jonathandonner?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3111631/1022421/1277861/s65_jonathan.donner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":22542,"name":"ICTD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICTD?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61284904" data-work_id="61284904" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61284904/Analysis_Of_Classification_Methods_For_Diagnosis_Of_Pulmonary_Nodules_In_CT_Images">Analysis Of Classification Methods For Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Nodules In CT Images</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main aim of this work is to propose a novel Computer-aided detection (CAD) system based on a Contextual clustering combined with region growing for assisting radiologists in early identification of lung cancer from computed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61284904" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main aim of this work is to propose a novel Computer-aided detection (CAD) system based on a Contextual clustering combined with region growing for assisting radiologists in early identification of lung cancer from computed tomography(CT) scans. Instead of using conventional thresholding approach, this proposed work uses Contextual Clustering which yields a more accurate segmentation of the lungs from the chest volume. Following segmentation GLCM features are extracted which are then classified using three different classifiers namely Random forest, SVM and k-NN.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61284904" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f52854c14673e43fc04a64a36be3777" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74363377,"asset_id":61284904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74363377/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66109571" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EIyyapparaj">E Iyyapparaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66109571" type="text/json">{"id":66109571,"first_name":"E","last_name":"Iyyapparaj","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EIyyapparaj","display_name":"E Iyyapparaj","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EIyyapparaj?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61284904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61284904"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61284904, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61284904", }); 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Instead of using conventional thresholding approach, this proposed work uses Contextual Clustering which yields a more accurate segmentation of the lungs from the chest volume. Following segmentation GLCM features are extracted which are then classified using three different classifiers namely Random forest, SVM and k-NN.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74363377,"asset_id":61284904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66109571,"first_name":"E","last_name":"Iyyapparaj","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EIyyapparaj","display_name":"E Iyyapparaj","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EIyyapparaj?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1645935,"name":"IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IOSR_Journal_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineering?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1645938,"name":"IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IOSR_Journal_of_Computer_Engineering?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33376120" data-work_id="33376120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33376120/The_ICT_Industry_White_Paper_of_Bangladesh">The ICT Industry White Paper of Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This pilot study is an effort to get an overall picture of the software and information services firms in various areas such as general information, business understanding, expenditure statistics, profitability, understandings about their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33376120" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This pilot study is an effort to get an overall picture of the software and information services firms in various areas such as general information, business understanding, expenditure statistics, profitability, understandings about their competitor countries, human resource information and so on. Bangladesh. It is based on randomly selected 100 software and information services firms in and around Dhaka city out of total 1081 software and information services firms in Bangladesh. Further the study employs descriptive study methods and categorizes the firms into two Cobb-Douglas models, one is firms who are selling their products only in local market and the another is firms who are selling their products both at home and abroad, applies the Cobb-Douglas Production function to measure the input-output relationship and the returns to scale which reveals that for both the two model, operational cost has a more impact on the revenue earning than capital investment.  Again, the finding out the productivity of operational cost and capital investment reveal the same fact. The study urges that necessary initiatives should be taken from the three perspectives- one is from the firms itself, another is from the Bangladesh Association of Software & Information Services, and thirdly, from the Government of Bangladesh, in order to change the total scenario of this sector and thereby helping this sector to make contribution towards more export earnings, more employment generation, realizing the country’s dream of promoting from the least-developed to middle income one by 2021.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33376120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4475c3bdbe2cf9a9c0d9511a603e371" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53432418,"asset_id":33376120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53432418/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6279345" href="https://univdhaka.academia.edu/EnamulHafizLatifee">Enamul Hafiz Latifee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6279345" type="text/json">{"id":6279345,"first_name":"Enamul Hafiz","last_name":"Latifee","domain_name":"univdhaka","page_name":"EnamulHafizLatifee","display_name":"Enamul Hafiz Latifee","profile_url":"https://univdhaka.academia.edu/EnamulHafizLatifee?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6279345/3702864/17499276/s65_enamul_hafiz.latifee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33376120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33376120"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33376120, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33376120", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33376120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33376120").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33376120").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33376120"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18895" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18895" type="text/json">{"id":18895,"name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131793" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Paper">White Paper</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131793" type="text/json">{"id":131793,"name":"White Paper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Paper?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="307369" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MARKET_ANALYSIS">MARKET ANALYSIS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="307369" type="text/json">{"id":307369,"name":"MARKET ANALYSIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MARKET_ANALYSIS?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33376120]'), work: {"id":33376120,"title":"The ICT Industry White Paper of Bangladesh","created_at":"2017-06-08T03:13:21.078-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33376120/The_ICT_Industry_White_Paper_of_Bangladesh?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_33376120","summary":"This pilot study is an effort to get an overall picture of the software and information services firms in various areas such as general information, business understanding, expenditure statistics, profitability, understandings about their competitor countries, human resource information and so on. Bangladesh. It is based on randomly selected 100 software and information services firms in and around Dhaka city out of total 1081 software and information services firms in Bangladesh. Further the study employs descriptive study methods and categorizes the firms into two Cobb-Douglas models, one is firms who are selling their products only in local market and the another is firms who are selling their products both at home and abroad, applies the Cobb-Douglas Production function to measure the input-output relationship and the returns to scale which reveals that for both the two model, operational cost has a more impact on the revenue earning than capital investment. Again, the finding out the productivity of operational cost and capital investment reveal the same fact. The study urges that necessary initiatives should be taken from the three perspectives- one is from the firms itself, another is from the Bangladesh Association of Software \u0026 Information Services, and thirdly, from the Government of Bangladesh, in order to change the total scenario of this sector and thereby helping this sector to make contribution towards more export earnings, more employment generation, realizing the country’s dream of promoting from the least-developed to middle income one by 2021.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53432418,"asset_id":33376120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6279345,"first_name":"Enamul Hafiz","last_name":"Latifee","domain_name":"univdhaka","page_name":"EnamulHafizLatifee","display_name":"Enamul Hafiz Latifee","profile_url":"https://univdhaka.academia.edu/EnamulHafizLatifee?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6279345/3702864/17499276/s65_enamul_hafiz.latifee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":18895,"name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangladesh?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":131793,"name":"White Paper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_Paper?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":307369,"name":"MARKET ANALYSIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MARKET_ANALYSIS?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":622592,"name":"E-Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E-Commerce?f_ri=11584"},{"id":649052,"name":"ITeS and BPO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ITeS_and_BPO?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36249841 coauthored" data-work_id="36249841" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36249841/From_eMpela_to_Project_DROID_A_review_of_two_ICT4E_initiatives_in_South_Africa">From eMpela to Project DROID: A review of two ICT4E initiatives in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As a global community, we are faced with the stark reality that we are inevitably becoming technology-dependent societies as digital technologies create new opportunities and challenges for skills development globally, in both developed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36249841" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As a global community, we are faced with the stark reality that we are inevitably becoming technology-dependent societies as digital technologies create new opportunities and challenges for skills development globally, in both developed and developing contexts. This paper will discuss the successes, potential leverage points, challenges and lessons learnt by JET Education Services (JET) through its involvement in two specific initiatives: first, in response to well-documented challenges in South African basic education, JET has developed and implemented the eMpela teacher training platform, which shows great potential in improving teacher content knowledge and pedagogical capacity; and then second, an initiative, referred to as Project DROID, that involves testing of a new form of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, targeted towards improving the strategic skills and information resources available across education systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36249841" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69274280d01005004c9b8a382e93e378" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56154466,"asset_id":36249841,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56154466/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5367211" href="https://jet.academia.edu/JamesKeevy">James Keevy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5367211" type="text/json">{"id":5367211,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Keevy","domain_name":"jet","page_name":"JamesKeevy","display_name":"James Keevy","profile_url":"https://jet.academia.edu/JamesKeevy?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5367211/2356563/67698155/s65_james.keevy.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36249841">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36249841"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KellyShiohira">Kelly Shiohira</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36249841'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36249841').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36249841 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36249841"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36249841; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36249841]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36249841").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36249841").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36249841"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education">ICT in Teachers Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33784" type="text/json">{"id":33784,"name":"ICT in Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36249841]'), work: {"id":36249841,"title":"From eMpela to Project DROID: A review of two ICT4E initiatives in South Africa","created_at":"2018-03-25T06:18:14.244-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36249841/From_eMpela_to_Project_DROID_A_review_of_two_ICT4E_initiatives_in_South_Africa?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_36249841","summary":"As a global community, we are faced with the stark reality that we are inevitably becoming technology-dependent societies as digital technologies create new opportunities and challenges for skills development globally, in both developed and developing contexts. This paper will discuss the successes, potential leverage points, challenges and lessons learnt by JET Education Services (JET) through its involvement in two specific initiatives: first, in response to well-documented challenges in South African basic education, JET has developed and implemented the eMpela teacher training platform, which shows great potential in improving teacher content knowledge and pedagogical capacity; and then second, an initiative, referred to as Project DROID, that involves testing of a new form of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, targeted towards improving the strategic skills and information resources available across education systems. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56154466,"asset_id":36249841,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5367211,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Keevy","domain_name":"jet","page_name":"JamesKeevy","display_name":"James Keevy","profile_url":"https://jet.academia.edu/JamesKeevy?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5367211/2356563/67698155/s65_james.keevy.jpg"},{"id":79902038,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Shiohira","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KellyShiohira","display_name":"Kelly Shiohira","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KellyShiohira?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79902038/32693337/29447605/s65_kelly.shiohira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":33784,"name":"ICT in Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75337279" data-work_id="75337279" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/75337279/Cyber_state_capacity_A_model_of_authoritarian_durability_ICTs_and_emerging_media">Cyber state capacity: A model of authoritarian durability, ICTs, and emerging media</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract In this article, I developed the theoretical concept of cyber state capacity (CSC). Advancing Gobel&#39;s (2013) theoretical model of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and authoritarian consolidation, I introduced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75337279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract In this article, I developed the theoretical concept of cyber state capacity (CSC). Advancing Gobel&#39;s (2013) theoretical model of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and authoritarian consolidation, I introduced the theoretical propositions of CSC, which help explain how governments use information and communication technological systems to maintain stability, development, and stay in power. Well established, durable regimes have implemented ICT infrastructures that rival advanced democracies, yet the wave of liberalization that was expected to occur has not. After lying out the theoretical concepts, I conducted a qualitative case illustration to analyze the state enhancing or weakening ICT environments in Egypt and Saudi Arabia in the years leading up to, and at the time of, the Arab Spring. Developed ICT systems can bolster government power through sophisticated surveillance and propaganda operations, as well as providing economic and entertainment benefits that may contribute to placating individuals&#39; motivations for increased political concessions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75337279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1452544" href="https://ndm.academia.edu/BrittChristensen">Britt Christensen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1452544" type="text/json">{"id":1452544,"first_name":"Britt","last_name":"Christensen","domain_name":"ndm","page_name":"BrittChristensen","display_name":"Britt Christensen","profile_url":"https://ndm.academia.edu/BrittChristensen?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1452544/737636/26058582/s65_britt.christensen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75337279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75337279"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75337279, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75337279", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75337279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75337279; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75337279"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75337279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75337279"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75337279; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75337279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75337279").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75337279").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75337279"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3356" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda">Propaganda</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3356" type="text/json">{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75337279]'), work: {"id":75337279,"title":"Cyber state capacity: A model of authoritarian durability, ICTs, and emerging media","created_at":"2022-04-03T11:31:04.184-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75337279/Cyber_state_capacity_A_model_of_authoritarian_durability_ICTs_and_emerging_media?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_75337279","summary":"Abstract In this article, I developed the theoretical concept of cyber state capacity (CSC). Advancing Gobel\u0026#39;s (2013) theoretical model of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and authoritarian consolidation, I introduced the theoretical propositions of CSC, which help explain how governments use information and communication technological systems to maintain stability, development, and stay in power. Well established, durable regimes have implemented ICT infrastructures that rival advanced democracies, yet the wave of liberalization that was expected to occur has not. After lying out the theoretical concepts, I conducted a qualitative case illustration to analyze the state enhancing or weakening ICT environments in Egypt and Saudi Arabia in the years leading up to, and at the time of, the Arab Spring. Developed ICT systems can bolster government power through sophisticated surveillance and propaganda operations, as well as providing economic and entertainment benefits that may contribute to placating individuals\u0026#39; motivations for increased political concessions.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1452544,"first_name":"Britt","last_name":"Christensen","domain_name":"ndm","page_name":"BrittChristensen","display_name":"Britt Christensen","profile_url":"https://ndm.academia.edu/BrittChristensen?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1452544/737636/26058582/s65_britt.christensen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":3356,"name":"Propaganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propaganda?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":7480,"name":"Surveillance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveillance_Studies?f_ri=11584"},{"id":9517,"name":"Protest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest?f_ri=11584"},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":12696,"name":"New Media Art \u0026 Emerging Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media_Art_and_Emerging_Practices?f_ri=11584"},{"id":34598,"name":"Authoritarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authoritarianism?f_ri=11584"},{"id":59587,"name":"Library and Information Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Library_and_Information_Studies?f_ri=11584"},{"id":205131,"name":"Repression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Repression?f_ri=11584"},{"id":939198,"name":"Governance and State Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance_and_State_Capacity?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1660962,"name":"Jai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jai?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44948175" data-work_id="44948175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44948175/Living_Labs_for_Rural_Areas_Contextualization_of_Living_Lab_Frameworks_Concepts_and_Practices">Living Labs for Rural Areas: Contextualization of Living Lab Frameworks, Concepts and Practices</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Living Labs are spaces for innovative and participative research, development and activities that use multidisciplinary approaches and promote the co-creation paradigm. Our specific interest lies in exploring the value of the Living Lab... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44948175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Living Labs are spaces for innovative and participative research, development and activities that use multidisciplinary approaches and promote the co-creation paradigm. Our specific interest lies in exploring the value of the Living Lab concept for creating environments that enable equal opportunities for people living in rural and urban areas, and for making rural areas attractive places to live. Moreover, through the existing practices and research results available, Living Labs are seen as one of the important building blocks of smart rural development and an important step towards establishing a Smart Village environment. Living Labs are a valuable player in enhancing circular economy, digital transformation, local self-sufficiency and other elements of sustainable living. The main aim of this paper is therefore to put Living Labs in the context of rural areas and evaluate their possible contributions for sustainable rural development. This paper argues that the element of community and social change should be considered as a key element in enabling sustainable living.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44948175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9586c20fac2a839ac0337636c2724b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65477884,"asset_id":44948175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65477884/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47951621" href="https://uni-aas.academia.edu/VeronikaZavratnik">Veronika Zavratnik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47951621" type="text/json">{"id":47951621,"first_name":"Veronika","last_name":"Zavratnik","domain_name":"uni-aas","page_name":"VeronikaZavratnik","display_name":"Veronika Zavratnik","profile_url":"https://uni-aas.academia.edu/VeronikaZavratnik?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47951621/21217117/20662514/s65_veronika.zavratnik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44948175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44948175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44948175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44948175", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44948175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44948175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44948175"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44948175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44948175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44948175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44948175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44948175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44948175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44948175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7453" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development">Rural Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7453" type="text/json">{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participation">Participation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8471" type="text/json">{"id":8471,"name":"Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participation?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21555" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Innovation">Open Innovation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21555" type="text/json">{"id":21555,"name":"Open Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Innovation?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44948175]'), work: {"id":44948175,"title":"Living Labs for Rural Areas: Contextualization of Living Lab Frameworks, Concepts and Practices","created_at":"2021-01-21T06:24:54.452-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44948175/Living_Labs_for_Rural_Areas_Contextualization_of_Living_Lab_Frameworks_Concepts_and_Practices?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_44948175","summary":"Living Labs are spaces for innovative and participative research, development and activities that use multidisciplinary approaches and promote the co-creation paradigm. Our specific interest lies in exploring the value of the Living Lab concept for creating environments that enable equal opportunities for people living in rural and urban areas, and for making rural areas attractive places to live. Moreover, through the existing practices and research results available, Living Labs are seen as one of the important building blocks of smart rural development and an important step towards establishing a Smart Village environment. Living Labs are a valuable player in enhancing circular economy, digital transformation, local self-sufficiency and other elements of sustainable living. The main aim of this paper is therefore to put Living Labs in the context of rural areas and evaluate their possible contributions for sustainable rural development. This paper argues that the element of community and social change should be considered as a key element in enabling sustainable living.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65477884,"asset_id":44948175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47951621,"first_name":"Veronika","last_name":"Zavratnik","domain_name":"uni-aas","page_name":"VeronikaZavratnik","display_name":"Veronika Zavratnik","profile_url":"https://uni-aas.academia.edu/VeronikaZavratnik?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47951621/21217117/20662514/s65_veronika.zavratnik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8471,"name":"Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participation?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":21555,"name":"Open Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Innovation?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":77232,"name":"Living Labs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Living_Labs?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38139811" data-work_id="38139811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38139811/Digital_Government_ICT_and_Public_Sector_Management_in_Africa">Digital Government: ICT and Public Sector Management in Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines the effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on public sector management in Africa for the period 1995–2015 using panel GMM model and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests. The empirical evidence shows that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38139811" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on public sector management in Africa for the period 1995–2015 using panel GMM model and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests. The empirical evidence shows that ICT has a positive and statistically significant effect on public sector management, meaning that an increase in ICT is associated with improved public sector management. There is also a bi-directional causality between ICT and public sector management, suggesting that ICT spurs public sector management which, in turn, spurs ICT even further. The public sector, civil society and international actors therefore have the responsibility to collaborate at developing policies and applications that will maximize the potentials of digital government to every level of public sector in Africa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38139811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6024eacdb40ff4cb372f1e778739fa4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58171258,"asset_id":38139811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58171258/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68190433" href="https://pau-edu-ng.academia.edu/OlaniyiEvans">Olaniyi Evans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68190433" type="text/json">{"id":68190433,"first_name":"Olaniyi","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"pau-edu-ng","page_name":"OlaniyiEvans","display_name":"Olaniyi Evans","profile_url":"https://pau-edu-ng.academia.edu/OlaniyiEvans?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68190433/17711925/26283754/s65_olaniyi.evans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38139811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38139811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38139811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38139811", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38139811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38139811; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38139811"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38139811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38139811"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38139811; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38139811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38139811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38139811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38139811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sector_Management">Public Sector Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41637" type="text/json">{"id":41637,"name":"Public Sector Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sector_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_government">Digital government</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43030" type="text/json">{"id":43030,"name":"Digital government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_government?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38139811]'), work: {"id":38139811,"title":"Digital Government: ICT and Public Sector Management in Africa","created_at":"2019-01-12T10:43:02.307-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38139811/Digital_Government_ICT_and_Public_Sector_Management_in_Africa?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_38139811","summary":"This study examines the effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on public sector management in Africa for the period 1995–2015 using panel GMM model and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests. The empirical evidence shows that ICT has a positive and statistically significant effect on public sector management, meaning that an increase in ICT is associated with improved public sector management. There is also a bi-directional causality between ICT and public sector management, suggesting that ICT spurs public sector management which, in turn, spurs ICT even further. The public sector, civil society and international actors therefore have the responsibility to collaborate at developing policies and applications that will maximize the potentials of digital government to every level of public sector in Africa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58171258,"asset_id":38139811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68190433,"first_name":"Olaniyi","last_name":"Evans","domain_name":"pau-edu-ng","page_name":"OlaniyiEvans","display_name":"Olaniyi Evans","profile_url":"https://pau-edu-ng.academia.edu/OlaniyiEvans?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68190433/17711925/26283754/s65_olaniyi.evans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":41637,"name":"Public Sector Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sector_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":43030,"name":"Digital government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_government?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36547730" data-work_id="36547730" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36547730/CYBERSPACE_REGULATION_THE_NEED_OF_THE_HOUR">CYBERSPACE REGULATION: THE NEED OF THE HOUR</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is observed that the biggest problem or complication that the cyber world is facing at present is not of its being a universal domain but being a domain which is still highly unregulated. For a domain which is clearly three decades... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36547730" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is observed that the biggest problem or complication that the cyber world is facing at present is not of its being a universal domain but being a domain which is still highly unregulated. For a domain which is clearly three decades old, the existing regulations are clearly not sufficient. Cyber space is replete with conflicts, and threatened by a variety of threats caused by different players like unethical hackers/crackers, terrorists and non-state actors, and also by the use of covert cyber capabilities by nation states. However, the global cyber community is more focussed on enhancing and upgrading the technology in use, rather than taking coherent measures to stabilise and secure the domain, in spite of awareness about the growing threat perceptions. This is evident from the fact that new advances and further upgradation in technology are taking place daily and, as a result, new threats are emerging, while safety and security related developments are put on the back burner, and are not so often in the news. Hence, there is an urgent need to rectify this scenario and a pragmatic solution has to be found to regulate cyber space to the extent possible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36547730" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5d84bdaafae1efd599a86936db56e69" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56472159,"asset_id":36547730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56472159/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3365740" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EDilipraj">Dr. E. 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For a domain which is clearly three decades old, the existing regulations are clearly not sufficient. Cyber space is replete with conflicts, and threatened by a variety of threats caused by different players like unethical hackers/crackers, terrorists and non-state actors, and also by the use of covert cyber capabilities by nation states. However, the global cyber community is more focussed on enhancing and upgrading the technology in use, rather than taking coherent measures to stabilise and secure the domain, in spite of awareness about the growing threat perceptions. This is evident from the fact that new advances and further upgradation in technology are taking place daily and, as a result, new threats are emerging, while safety and security related developments are put on the back burner, and are not so often in the news. Hence, there is an urgent need to rectify this scenario and a pragmatic solution has to be found to regulate cyber space to the extent possible. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56472159,"asset_id":36547730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3365740,"first_name":"Dr. E.","last_name":"Dilipraj","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EDilipraj","display_name":"Dr. E. 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Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberspace_Governance?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37604772" data-work_id="37604772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37604772/A_Research_Proposal_on_the_Impact_of_ICT_on_SMEs_Competitiveness_Against_Multinational_Organization">A Research Proposal on the Impact of ICT on SME's Competitiveness Against Multinational Organization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37604772" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46504679" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shadewillwamwoma">shadewill wamwoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46504679" type="text/json">{"id":46504679,"first_name":"shadewill","last_name":"wamwoma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shadewillwamwoma","display_name":"shadewill wamwoma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shadewillwamwoma?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46504679/15118974/15824429/s65_shadewill.wamwoma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37604772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37604772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 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Organization","created_at":"2018-10-18T02:13:18.839-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37604772/A_Research_Proposal_on_the_Impact_of_ICT_on_SMEs_Competitiveness_Against_Multinational_Organization?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_37604772","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57586677,"asset_id":37604772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46504679,"first_name":"shadewill","last_name":"wamwoma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shadewillwamwoma","display_name":"shadewill wamwoma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shadewillwamwoma?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46504679/15118974/15824429/s65_shadewill.wamwoma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40028032" data-work_id="40028032" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40028032/Impact_of_Information_and_Communication_Technologies_on_Women_Empowerment_in_India">Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Women Empowerment in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has not only opened up new opportunities for economic growth and social development but has also posed problems and challenges. It can shape and enhance a wide range of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40028032" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has not only opened up new opportunities for economic growth and social development but has also posed problems and challenges. It can shape and enhance a wide range of developmental applications in agriculture, industry and social sectors and is influencing all sections of the society. ICT provides unique opportunities for human development. At the same time, ICT has been widening the gaps between and within countries, regions, gender while increasing disparities divide between the rural-urban, rich-poor, elite neglected and also within the different categories of women in various spheres of activity. It is necessary to build up women capacities to involve them in productive activities, institutional building, family and social transformation, decision-making process, political representation, trade and commerce, entrepreneurial development and social leadership. There is a need to enhance opportunities to women to enable them to own, manage and control industries and service enterprises including IT-based units. There is also need to provide more opportunities in e-related sectors to them in higher managerial, technical positions in government and non-government agencies, research, educational institutions in private and public sectors, without confining their role to only call centres, telecentres, data-entry level and lower levels in the organizations. ICT has to address all these problems of women as a whole and has to be used to facilitate to build women empowered society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40028032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9ceebe8eb891936afb65adf52ef4f90" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60224327,"asset_id":40028032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60224327/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3117329" href="https://kakatiya.academia.edu/BSureshLalPhD">B Suresh Lal, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3117329" type="text/json">{"id":3117329,"first_name":"B Suresh","last_name":"Lal, PhD","domain_name":"kakatiya","page_name":"BSureshLalPhD","display_name":"B Suresh Lal, PhD","profile_url":"https://kakatiya.academia.edu/BSureshLalPhD?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3117329/8568714/58699148/s65_b_suresh.lal_phd.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40028032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40028032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40028032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40028032", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40028032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40028032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40028032"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40028032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40028032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40028032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40028032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40028032").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40028032").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40028032"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Rights">Women's Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4586" type="text/json">{"id":4586,"name":"Women's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Rights?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women">Women</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8882" type="text/json">{"id":8882,"name":"Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Economy_Society">Information Economy/Society</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13806" type="text/json">{"id":13806,"name":"Information Economy/Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Economy_Society?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40028032]'), work: {"id":40028032,"title":"Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Women Empowerment in India","created_at":"2019-08-07T02:55:14.302-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40028032/Impact_of_Information_and_Communication_Technologies_on_Women_Empowerment_in_India?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_40028032","summary":"The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has not only opened up new opportunities for economic growth and social development but has also posed problems and challenges. It can shape and enhance a wide range of developmental applications in agriculture, industry and social sectors and is influencing all sections of the society. ICT provides unique opportunities for human development. At the same time, ICT has been widening the gaps between and within countries, regions, gender while increasing disparities divide between the rural-urban, rich-poor, elite neglected and also within the different categories of women in various spheres of activity. It is necessary to build up women capacities to involve them in productive activities, institutional building, family and social transformation, decision-making process, political representation, trade and commerce, entrepreneurial development and social leadership. There is a need to enhance opportunities to women to enable them to own, manage and control industries and service enterprises including IT-based units. There is also need to provide more opportunities in e-related sectors to them in higher managerial, technical positions in government and non-government agencies, research, educational institutions in private and public sectors, without confining their role to only call centres, telecentres, data-entry level and lower levels in the organizations. ICT has to address all these problems of women as a whole and has to be used to facilitate to build women empowered society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60224327,"asset_id":40028032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3117329,"first_name":"B Suresh","last_name":"Lal, PhD","domain_name":"kakatiya","page_name":"BSureshLalPhD","display_name":"B Suresh Lal, PhD","profile_url":"https://kakatiya.academia.edu/BSureshLalPhD?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3117329/8568714/58699148/s65_b_suresh.lal_phd.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4586,"name":"Women's Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Rights?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":8882,"name":"Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":13806,"name":"Information Economy/Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Economy_Society?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":18901,"name":"Women's Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Empowerment?f_ri=11584"},{"id":81776,"name":"Business Process Outsourcing and offshoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Process_Outsourcing_and_offshoring?f_ri=11584"},{"id":150169,"name":"Knowledge Acquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Acquisition?f_ri=11584"},{"id":296986,"name":"ICT tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_tools?f_ri=11584"},{"id":446151,"name":"Knowledge Process Outsourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Process_Outsourcing?f_ri=11584"},{"id":522565,"name":"Information Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Economy?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36079598" data-work_id="36079598" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36079598/Framework_for_Individual_Inquiry">Framework for Individual Inquiry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this inquiry is to compare one of the IE curriculums, International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) (IBO, 2009), and a national curriculum, School Curriculum and Standards Authority (SCSA, 2014), to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36079598" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this inquiry is to compare one of the IE curriculums, International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) (IBO, 2009), and a national curriculum, School Curriculum and Standards Authority (SCSA, 2014), to determine if some or all of a national curriculum and the IB PYP is similar.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36079598" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="411acb497147840b5af978b02a398fe6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55968090,"asset_id":36079598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55968090/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77897631" href="https://murdoch.academia.edu/guyrowlingson">guy rowlingson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77897631" type="text/json">{"id":77897631,"first_name":"guy","last_name":"rowlingson","domain_name":"murdoch","page_name":"guyrowlingson","display_name":"guy rowlingson","profile_url":"https://murdoch.academia.edu/guyrowlingson?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77897631/19197071/19141341/s65_guy.rowlingson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36079598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36079598"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36079598, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36079598", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36079598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36079598; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36079598"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36079598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36079598"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36079598; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36079598]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36079598").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36079598").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36079598"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88668" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_integration_in_teaching_and_learing">ICT integration in teaching and learing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="88668" type="text/json">{"id":88668,"name":"ICT integration in teaching and learing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_integration_in_teaching_and_learing?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36079598]'), work: {"id":36079598,"title":"Framework for Individual Inquiry","created_at":"2018-03-05T03:14:15.392-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36079598/Framework_for_Individual_Inquiry?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_36079598","summary":"The purpose of this inquiry is to compare one of the IE curriculums, International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) (IBO, 2009), and a national curriculum, School Curriculum and Standards Authority (SCSA, 2014), to determine if some or all of a national curriculum and the IB PYP is similar.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55968090,"asset_id":36079598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77897631,"first_name":"guy","last_name":"rowlingson","domain_name":"murdoch","page_name":"guyrowlingson","display_name":"guy rowlingson","profile_url":"https://murdoch.academia.edu/guyrowlingson?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77897631/19197071/19141341/s65_guy.rowlingson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":88668,"name":"ICT integration in teaching and learing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_integration_in_teaching_and_learing?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35746280 coauthored" data-work_id="35746280" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35746280/E_Waste_Management_A_Collaborative_Approach_Towards_Sustainability">E-Waste Management; A Collaborative Approach Towards Sustainability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rapid economic growth, increasing urbanization and globalization have increased customers' tastes and preferences for the desire to have access to new technologies. The challenge has been the disposal of the discarded, old or the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35746280" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rapid economic growth, increasing urbanization and globalization have increased customers' tastes and preferences for the desire to have access to new technologies. The challenge has been the disposal of the discarded, old or the defective electronic wastes. Africa is more challenged as a result of the relatively low income levels of citizens which result is a high demand for such electronic waste since they have comparatively very low prices. Africa has almost become a dumping place for electronic waste which has enormous effects on economic, social and environmental sustainability. This research seeks to find out how a collaborative approach among key stakeholders (government, manufacturers/ assemblers, media and waste management companies) in the management of electronic waste can contribute to curb this menace. Based on a structured questionnaire, data was collected from staff and management of these stakeholders from selected institutions and organizations in Ghana. The findings indicate that all key stakeholders have a role to play in the control and management of electronic waste and their roles have a positive effect in the achievement of a sustainable e-waste management. However, the effects of the roles played by waste management companies and the media seems to be more significant than that of manufacturing/ Assembling companies and the government. The conclusion for the study is that, every stakeholder has a role to play in the fight against unsustainable e-waste management, however, there is the need for governments to establish control mechanisms and play an administration role to collaborate with all stakeholders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35746280" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e43910880e3a8d23192752bc2ca55d87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55621312,"asset_id":35746280,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55621312/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41164132" href="https://christaposticuniversitycollege.academia.edu/MeshachAwuah">Meshach Awuah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41164132" type="text/json">{"id":41164132,"first_name":"Meshach","last_name":"Awuah","domain_name":"christaposticuniversitycollege","page_name":"MeshachAwuah","display_name":"Meshach Awuah","profile_url":"https://christaposticuniversitycollege.academia.edu/MeshachAwuah?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41164132/11181519/12477503/s65_meshach.awuah.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35746280">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35746280"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BaltharzzarObengLarbi">Baltharzzar Obeng Larbi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35746280'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35746280').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35746280 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35746280"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35746280, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35746280", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35746280 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35746280; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35746280"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35746280 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35746280"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35746280; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35746280]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35746280").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35746280").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35746280"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operations_Management">Operations Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2436" type="text/json">{"id":2436,"name":"Operations Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operations_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5009" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management">Strategic Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5009" type="text/json">{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35746280]'), work: {"id":35746280,"title":"E-Waste Management; A Collaborative Approach Towards Sustainability","created_at":"2018-01-24T01:14:11.290-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35746280/E_Waste_Management_A_Collaborative_Approach_Towards_Sustainability?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_35746280","summary":"Rapid economic growth, increasing urbanization and globalization have increased customers' tastes and preferences for the desire to have access to new technologies. The challenge has been the disposal of the discarded, old or the defective electronic wastes. Africa is more challenged as a result of the relatively low income levels of citizens which result is a high demand for such electronic waste since they have comparatively very low prices. Africa has almost become a dumping place for electronic waste which has enormous effects on economic, social and environmental sustainability. This research seeks to find out how a collaborative approach among key stakeholders (government, manufacturers/ assemblers, media and waste management companies) in the management of electronic waste can contribute to curb this menace. Based on a structured questionnaire, data was collected from staff and management of these stakeholders from selected institutions and organizations in Ghana. The findings indicate that all key stakeholders have a role to play in the control and management of electronic waste and their roles have a positive effect in the achievement of a sustainable e-waste management. However, the effects of the roles played by waste management companies and the media seems to be more significant than that of manufacturing/ Assembling companies and the government. The conclusion for the study is that, every stakeholder has a role to play in the fight against unsustainable e-waste management, however, there is the need for governments to establish control mechanisms and play an administration role to collaborate with all stakeholders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55621312,"asset_id":35746280,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41164132,"first_name":"Meshach","last_name":"Awuah","domain_name":"christaposticuniversitycollege","page_name":"MeshachAwuah","display_name":"Meshach Awuah","profile_url":"https://christaposticuniversitycollege.academia.edu/MeshachAwuah?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41164132/11181519/12477503/s65_meshach.awuah.jpg"},{"id":11869684,"first_name":"Baltharzzar","last_name":"Obeng Larbi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BaltharzzarObengLarbi","display_name":"Baltharzzar Obeng Larbi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BaltharzzarObengLarbi?f_ri=11584","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2436,"name":"Operations Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operations_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=11584"},{"id":334320,"name":"Logistics and Supply Chain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistics_and_Supply_Chain_Management?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1134738" data-work_id="1134738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1134738/ICTs_and_Development_in_the_Thai_Bureaucracy_An_Examination_of_Decentralization_and_Organizational_Change">ICTs and Development in the Thai Bureaucracy: An Examination of Decentralization and Organizational Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ICTs are frequently looked to as a missing link between traditional bureaucracy and the modernization of public administration and service delivery. Through the empirical research in the Thai public sector, we find that there is a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1134738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ICTs are frequently looked to as a missing link between traditional bureaucracy and the modernization of public administration and service delivery. Through the empirical research in the Thai public sector, we find that there is a fundamental gap between the design and normative goal of ICTs and their real world implementation. The structures of power are frequently retained or even reinforced by those who hold budgetary administrative, and authoritative roles and consequently get to make decisions about the development and use of ICTs to facilitate their administrative and managerial goals. While on a discursive level ICTs in Thailand have been projected to counter traditional practices and streamline governance as part of a broader administrative reform since the 2000s, we find that the practice is far different. Situating our work in the theoretical traditions of organization studies and computer supported collaborative work, we discuss how the Thai computerization projects add a valuable case to the vast literature on technology adoption. We also use the case to illustrate the value of this literature in growing work on governance and technology adoption within ICTD circles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1134738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b552377036252657d4b86f48f8ada34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31509255,"asset_id":1134738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31509255/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25817" href="https://umich.academia.edu/RadaphatChongthammakun">Radaphat (Pae) Chongthammakun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25817" type="text/json">{"id":25817,"first_name":"Radaphat (Pae)","last_name":"Chongthammakun","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"RadaphatChongthammakun","display_name":"Radaphat (Pae) Chongthammakun","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/RadaphatChongthammakun?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25817/8406/7992/s65_radaphat_pae_.chongthammakun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1134738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1134738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1134738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1134738", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1134738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1134738; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1134738"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1134738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1134738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1134738; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1134738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1134738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1134738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1134738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Change">Organizational Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1324" type="text/json">{"id":1324,"name":"Organizational Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Change?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10096" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand">Thailand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10096" type="text/json">{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decentralization">Decentralization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33426" type="text/json">{"id":33426,"name":"Decentralization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decentralization?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1134738]'), work: {"id":1134738,"title":"ICTs and Development in the Thai Bureaucracy: An Examination of Decentralization and Organizational Change","created_at":"2011-12-04T05:43:39.893-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1134738/ICTs_and_Development_in_the_Thai_Bureaucracy_An_Examination_of_Decentralization_and_Organizational_Change?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_1134738","summary":"ICTs are frequently looked to as a missing link between traditional bureaucracy and the modernization of public administration and service delivery. Through the empirical research in the Thai public sector, we find that there is a fundamental gap between the design and normative goal of ICTs and their real world implementation. The structures of power are frequently retained or even reinforced by those who hold budgetary administrative, and authoritative roles and consequently get to make decisions about the development and use of ICTs to facilitate their administrative and managerial goals. While on a discursive level ICTs in Thailand have been projected to counter traditional practices and streamline governance as part of a broader administrative reform since the 2000s, we find that the practice is far different. Situating our work in the theoretical traditions of organization studies and computer supported collaborative work, we discuss how the Thai computerization projects add a valuable case to the vast literature on technology adoption. We also use the case to illustrate the value of this literature in growing work on governance and technology adoption within ICTD circles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31509255,"asset_id":1134738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25817,"first_name":"Radaphat (Pae)","last_name":"Chongthammakun","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"RadaphatChongthammakun","display_name":"Radaphat (Pae) Chongthammakun","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/RadaphatChongthammakun?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25817/8406/7992/s65_radaphat_pae_.chongthammakun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1324,"name":"Organizational Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Change?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":33426,"name":"Decentralization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decentralization?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":52116,"name":"Public Sector Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sector_Reform?f_ri=11584"},{"id":78388,"name":"Bureaucracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucracy?f_ri=11584"},{"id":94591,"name":"ICT adoption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_adoption?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75310770" data-work_id="75310770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75310770/Remote_Sensing_Drones_for_Advanced_Urban_Regeneration_Strategies_The_Case_of_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Chamanga_in_Ecuador">Remote Sensing Drones for Advanced Urban Regeneration Strategies. The Case of San José de Chamanga in Ecuador</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents part of the University UTE of Quito’s post-earthquake reconstruction project “Arquitectura en movimiento en San Josè de Chamanga”, on using UAVs and specifically the drone Mavic Pro 2, as an innovative tool to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75310770" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents part of the University UTE of Quito’s post-earthquake reconstruction project “Arquitectura en movimiento en San Josè de Chamanga”, on using UAVs and specifically the drone Mavic Pro 2, as an innovative tool to terrestrial surveying for post-disaster areas. It describes how the provision of a real-time and high-resolution imagery of the remote areas of San José de Chamanga might assist in defining its urban form, map places that today are not accessible and document the local built heritage. Following this logic, the study argues that the mapped data could become a pivotal tool to the creation of an urban/ architectural construction manual that has a dual role: on the one hand, it could provide locals with guides and standards during self-construction, assisted self-construction, and construction with technical assistance. On the other hand, it reveals architectural and urban elements of the researched area.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75310770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8808c13a082636e389413d139a2a98b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83130032,"asset_id":75310770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83130032/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1471172" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/ValinaVasilikiGeropanta">Valina - Vasiliki Geropanta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1471172" type="text/json">{"id":1471172,"first_name":"Valina - Vasiliki","last_name":"Geropanta","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"ValinaVasilikiGeropanta","display_name":"Valina - Vasiliki Geropanta","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/ValinaVasilikiGeropanta?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1471172/923144/19599375/s65_valina_-_vasiliki.geropanta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75310770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75310770"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75310770, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75310770", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75310770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75310770").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75310770").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75310770"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43875" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Reconstruction">Post Disaster Reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43875" type="text/json">{"id":43875,"name":"Post Disaster Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Reconstruction?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="612437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drone">Drone</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="612437" type="text/json">{"id":612437,"name":"Drone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drone?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75310770]'), work: {"id":75310770,"title":"Remote Sensing Drones for Advanced Urban Regeneration Strategies. The Case of San José de Chamanga in Ecuador","created_at":"2022-04-03T05:47:57.375-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75310770/Remote_Sensing_Drones_for_Advanced_Urban_Regeneration_Strategies_The_Case_of_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Chamanga_in_Ecuador?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_75310770","summary":"This paper presents part of the University UTE of Quito’s post-earthquake reconstruction project “Arquitectura en movimiento en San Josè de Chamanga”, on using UAVs and specifically the drone Mavic Pro 2, as an innovative tool to terrestrial surveying for post-disaster areas. It describes how the provision of a real-time and high-resolution imagery of the remote areas of San José de Chamanga might assist in defining its urban form, map places that today are not accessible and document the local built heritage. Following this logic, the study argues that the mapped data could become a pivotal tool to the creation of an urban/ architectural construction manual that has a dual role: on the one hand, it could provide locals with guides and standards during self-construction, assisted self-construction, and construction with technical assistance. On the other hand, it reveals architectural and urban elements of the researched area.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83130032,"asset_id":75310770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1471172,"first_name":"Valina - Vasiliki","last_name":"Geropanta","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"ValinaVasilikiGeropanta","display_name":"Valina - Vasiliki Geropanta","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/ValinaVasilikiGeropanta?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1471172/923144/19599375/s65_valina_-_vasiliki.geropanta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":43875,"name":"Post Disaster Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Reconstruction?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":612437,"name":"Drone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drone?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":1033836,"name":"Post Disaster Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Planning?f_ri=11584"},{"id":2598657,"name":"drone technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/drone_technology?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38754171" data-work_id="38754171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38754171/Analiza_strategii_i_dzia%C5%82a%C5%84_maj%C4%85cych_na_celu_rozw%C3%B3j_kompetencji_cyfrowych_w_pa%C5%84stwach_Unii_Europejskiej">Analiza strategii i działań mających na celu rozwój kompetencji cyfrowych w państwach Unii Europejskiej</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Celem niniejszej ekspertyzy jest dokonanie przeglądu strategii i działań mających na celu rozwój kompetencji cyfrowych w tych państwach, które osiągnęły znaczący postęp w tej dziedzinie. Elementem ekspertyzy jest rekomendacja działań,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38754171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Celem niniejszej ekspertyzy jest dokonanie przeglądu strategii i działań mających na celu rozwój kompetencji cyfrowych w tych państwach, które osiągnęły znaczący postęp w tej dziedzinie. Elementem ekspertyzy jest rekomendacja działań, które należy podjąć w Polsce w zakresie rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych.<br /><br />Nasz raport obejmuje:<br />• podsumowanie kierunków przyjmowanych przez wszystkie państwa członkowskie UE (z wyjątkiem Polski) w swoich działaniach strategicznych w obszarze kompetencji cyfrowych;<br />• podsumowanie skutecznych działań dla rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych w państwach, w których nastąpił w ostatnich latach znaczny wzrost wskaźników mierzących poziom rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych: Belgii, Czechach, Estonii, Finlandii, Holandii i Wielkiej Brytanii;<br />• Rekomendacje działań, które należy podjąć w Polsce, sformułowane w oparciu o przeprowadzone analizy i doświadczenia państw będących ich przedmiotem.<br /><br />Ekspertyza została zrealizowana w oparciu o badania typu desk research połączone z indywidualnymi wywiadami z przedstawicielami sześciu wybranych państw. Na potrzeby analizy wyróżniliśmy cztery kluczowe obszary strategii rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych:<br />• Edukacja szkolna<br />• Edukacja dorosłych – rynek pracy oraz uczenie się przez całe życie<br />• Talent cyfrowy – specjaliści IT i zaawansowane kompetencje<br />• E-integracja<br /><br />W raporcie przedstawiamy kontekst realizacji strategii, obejmujący m.in. wyzwania związane z ewaluacją działań i strategii, zmieniający się kontekst - w szczególności na skutek zmiany technologicznej oraz ogólne trendy dotyczące formułowanych strategii. Przedstawiamy też<br />ramy określone na poziomie europejskim przez Unię Europejską.<br />Naszą główną rekomendacją jest wypracowanie systemowego podejścia do rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych, które to jest kluczowym czynnikiem zapewniającym wzrost kompetencji w analizowanych państwach. Przedstawiamy również bardziej szczegółowe rekomendacje dla każdego z czterech obszarów kluczowych.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38754171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edc2eb58d2b68de5b766a8ccd31ad81c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58842371,"asset_id":38754171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58842371/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7037120" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EwaMajdecka">Ewa Majdecka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7037120" type="text/json">{"id":7037120,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Majdecka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EwaMajdecka","display_name":"Ewa Majdecka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EwaMajdecka?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7037120/2854964/11801710/s65_ewa.majdecka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38754171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38754171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38754171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38754171", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38754171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38754171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38754171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38754171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9822" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy">Education Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9822" type="text/json">{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15264" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour">Work and Labour</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15264" type="text/json">{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38754171]'), work: {"id":38754171,"title":"Analiza strategii i działań mających na celu rozwój kompetencji cyfrowych w państwach Unii Europejskiej","created_at":"2019-04-09T11:06:52.415-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38754171/Analiza_strategii_i_dzia%C5%82a%C5%84_maj%C4%85cych_na_celu_rozw%C3%B3j_kompetencji_cyfrowych_w_pa%C5%84stwach_Unii_Europejskiej?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_38754171","summary":"Celem niniejszej ekspertyzy jest dokonanie przeglądu strategii i działań mających na celu rozwój kompetencji cyfrowych w tych państwach, które osiągnęły znaczący postęp w tej dziedzinie. Elementem ekspertyzy jest rekomendacja działań, które należy podjąć w Polsce w zakresie rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych.\n\nNasz raport obejmuje:\n• podsumowanie kierunków przyjmowanych przez wszystkie państwa członkowskie UE (z wyjątkiem Polski) w swoich działaniach strategicznych w obszarze kompetencji cyfrowych;\n• podsumowanie skutecznych działań dla rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych w państwach, w których nastąpił w ostatnich latach znaczny wzrost wskaźników mierzących poziom rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych: Belgii, Czechach, Estonii, Finlandii, Holandii i Wielkiej Brytanii;\n• Rekomendacje działań, które należy podjąć w Polsce, sformułowane w oparciu o przeprowadzone analizy i doświadczenia państw będących ich przedmiotem.\n\nEkspertyza została zrealizowana w oparciu o badania typu desk research połączone z indywidualnymi wywiadami z przedstawicielami sześciu wybranych państw. Na potrzeby analizy wyróżniliśmy cztery kluczowe obszary strategii rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych:\n• Edukacja szkolna\n• Edukacja dorosłych – rynek pracy oraz uczenie się przez całe życie\n• Talent cyfrowy – specjaliści IT i zaawansowane kompetencje\n• E-integracja\n\nW raporcie przedstawiamy kontekst realizacji strategii, obejmujący m.in. wyzwania związane z ewaluacją działań i strategii, zmieniający się kontekst - w szczególności na skutek zmiany technologicznej oraz ogólne trendy dotyczące formułowanych strategii. Przedstawiamy też\nramy określone na poziomie europejskim przez Unię Europejską.\nNaszą główną rekomendacją jest wypracowanie systemowego podejścia do rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych, które to jest kluczowym czynnikiem zapewniającym wzrost kompetencji w analizowanych państwach. Przedstawiamy również bardziej szczegółowe rekomendacje dla każdego z czterech obszarów kluczowych.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58842371,"asset_id":38754171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7037120,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Majdecka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EwaMajdecka","display_name":"Ewa Majdecka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EwaMajdecka?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7037120/2854964/11801710/s65_ewa.majdecka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society?f_ri=11584"},{"id":25212,"name":"Higher Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education_Policy?f_ri=11584"},{"id":61968,"name":"IT Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_Governance?f_ri=11584"},{"id":265489,"name":"ITC and education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ITC_and_education?f_ri=11584"},{"id":481136,"name":"Competencias Digitales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competencias_Digitales?f_ri=11584"},{"id":612626,"name":"Digital Skills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Skills?f_ri=11584"},{"id":771787,"name":"Rynek Pracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rynek_Pracy?f_ri=11584"},{"id":968470,"name":"Digital Skills and Litearacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Skills_and_Litearacy?f_ri=11584"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=11584"},{"id":2015656,"name":"Kompetencje cyfrowe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kompetencje_cyfrowe?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5246112" data-work_id="5246112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5246112/USING_INTERNET_AS_21ST_CENTURY_SICKLE_FOR_EVANGELISM">USING INTERNET AS 21ST CENTURY SICKLE FOR EVANGELISM</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evangelism">Evangelism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44987" 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Aworinde","profile_url":"https://ibadan.academia.edu/HalleluyahAworinde?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5912356/2519949/2925612/s65_halleluyah.aworinde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":44987,"name":"Evangelism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evangelism?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24929932" data-work_id="24929932" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24929932/The_Google_Educator_Accreditation_Process_for_Language_Teachers">The Google Educator Accreditation Process for Language Teachers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hubbard (2007) noted that contemporary language teachers not only need to have competent theoretical knowledge and social power, but they must also be responsible for the maintenance and growth of their technological proficiency. In this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24929932" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hubbard (2007) noted that contemporary language teachers not only need to have competent theoretical knowledge and social power, but they must also be responsible for the maintenance and growth of their technological proficiency. In this article, I report on my summer holiday professional development experience becoming a certified Google Educator. Soon after I started this journey, I discovered that a Google Educator’s training<br />does not simply amount to a lesson on search strategies or using Gmail; Google offers a range of powerful, free educational tools or apps that teachers can take advantage of in their language classrooms. Google Forms (see Milliner & Flowers, 2015), Google<br />Sheets, Google Docs (see Firth & Mesureur, 2010; Suwantarathip & Wichadee, 2014), Google Sites, Google Maps (see McMillan, 2013), YouTube, Google Draw, and Google Hangouts are all examples of the great tools available (see Figure 1). As I began training on how to effectively use each one of these tools, I quickly realized that I needed to become more than competent at using each one should I want to pass the Google Educators’ test and become an accredited Google Educator.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24929932" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66d58e4b811e59a4dec5ad06299835e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45260408,"asset_id":24929932,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45260408/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5647242" href="https://tamagawa.academia.edu/BrettMilliner">Brett　ブレット Milliner　ミリナー</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5647242" type="text/json">{"id":5647242,"first_name":"Brett　ブレット","last_name":"Milliner　ミリナー","domain_name":"tamagawa","page_name":"BrettMilliner","display_name":"Brett　ブレット Milliner　ミリナー","profile_url":"https://tamagawa.academia.edu/BrettMilliner?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5647242/2971681/17505795/s65_brett_.milliner_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24929932 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24929932"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24929932, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24929932", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24929932]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24929932").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24929932").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24929932"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education">ICT in Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7585" type="text/json">{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17769" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development">Professional Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17769" type="text/json">{"id":17769,"name":"Professional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17773" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teachers_professional_development-1">Teachers' professional development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17773" type="text/json">{"id":17773,"name":"Teachers' professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teachers_professional_development-1?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24929932]'), work: {"id":24929932,"title":"The Google Educator Accreditation Process for Language Teachers","created_at":"2016-05-01T17:40:57.224-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24929932/The_Google_Educator_Accreditation_Process_for_Language_Teachers?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_24929932","summary":"Hubbard (2007) noted that contemporary language teachers not only need to have competent theoretical knowledge and social power, but they must also be responsible for the maintenance and growth of their technological proficiency. In this article, I report on my summer holiday professional development experience becoming a certified Google Educator. Soon after I started this journey, I discovered that a Google Educator’s training\ndoes not simply amount to a lesson on search strategies or using Gmail; Google offers a range of powerful, free educational tools or apps that teachers can take advantage of in their language classrooms. Google Forms (see Milliner \u0026 Flowers, 2015), Google\nSheets, Google Docs (see Firth \u0026 Mesureur, 2010; Suwantarathip \u0026 Wichadee, 2014), Google Sites, Google Maps (see McMillan, 2013), YouTube, Google Draw, and Google Hangouts are all examples of the great tools available (see Figure 1). As I began training on how to effectively use each one of these tools, I quickly realized that I needed to become more than competent at using each one should I want to pass the Google Educators’ test and become an accredited Google Educator.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45260408,"asset_id":24929932,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5647242,"first_name":"Brett　ブレット","last_name":"Milliner　ミリナー","domain_name":"tamagawa","page_name":"BrettMilliner","display_name":"Brett　ブレット Milliner　ミリナー","profile_url":"https://tamagawa.academia.edu/BrettMilliner?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5647242/2971681/17505795/s65_brett_.milliner_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":17769,"name":"Professional Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":17773,"name":"Teachers' professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teachers_professional_development-1?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":19681,"name":"TEFL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TEFL?f_ri=11584"},{"id":33784,"name":"ICT in Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education?f_ri=11584"},{"id":34229,"name":"Teacher professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_professional_development?f_ri=11584"},{"id":40400,"name":"Google","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google?f_ri=11584"},{"id":48095,"name":"CALL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CALL?f_ri=11584"},{"id":50023,"name":"Google Scholar Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google_Scholar_Search?f_ri=11584"},{"id":95278,"name":"TEFL- CALL- MCALL-BILINGUALISM -PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TEFL-_CALL-_MCALL-BILINGUALISM_-PROFESSIONAL_DEVELOPEMENT?f_ri=11584"},{"id":99517,"name":"English as a Foreign Language (EFL)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_as_a_Foreign_Language_EFL_?f_ri=11584"},{"id":130466,"name":"MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MALL_Mobile_Assisted_Language_Learning_?f_ri=11584"},{"id":184145,"name":"TESL/TEFL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TESL_TEFL?f_ri=11584"},{"id":202887,"name":"ICT in teaching and learning English language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_teaching_and_learning_English_language?f_ri=11584"},{"id":302696,"name":"Teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_as_a_foreign_language_TEFL_?f_ri=11584"},{"id":316921,"name":"English EFL TEFL learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_EFL_TEFL_learning?f_ri=11584"},{"id":545093,"name":"ESL/EFL Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ESL_EFL_Writing?f_ri=11584"},{"id":614081,"name":"TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TEFL_Teaching_English_as_a_Foreign_Language_?f_ri=11584"},{"id":827606,"name":"English As a Second Language (ESL)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_As_a_Second_Language_ESL_?f_ri=11584"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21852328" data-work_id="21852328" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21852328/Sociedad_de_la_Informaci%C3%B3n_Cu%C3%A1nto_falta_para_llegar_El_caso_de_los_Centros_Tecnol%C3%B3gicos_Comunitarios_en_la_ciudad_de_R%C3%ADo_Cuarto">Sociedad de la Información...¿Cuánto falta para llegar? El caso de los Centros Tecnológicos Comunitarios en la ciudad de Río Cuarto</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ponencia: “Sociedad de la Información...¿Cuánto falta para llegar? El caso de los Centros Tecnológicos Comunitarios en la ciudad de Río Cuarto”, en III Congreso Panamericano de Comunicación, UBA, Buenos Aires, 12-16 julio 2005, pp.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21852328" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ponencia: “Sociedad de la Información...¿Cuánto falta para llegar? El caso de los Centros Tecnológicos Comunitarios en la ciudad de Río Cuarto”, en III Congreso Panamericano de Comunicación, UBA, Buenos Aires, 12-16 julio 2005, pp. 109-111, ISBN 950-29-0863-5.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21852328" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bddec9f82e34904c825d3e6d74e50bd7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42596257,"asset_id":21852328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42596257/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16763705" href="https://unrc.academia.edu/VictorCabralSalgado">Victor Cabral Salgado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16763705" type="text/json">{"id":16763705,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Cabral Salgado","domain_name":"unrc","page_name":"VictorCabralSalgado","display_name":"Victor Cabral Salgado","profile_url":"https://unrc.academia.edu/VictorCabralSalgado?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16763705/11547761/12878793/s65_victor.cabral_salgado.jpg_oh_68aba947a6ff09e4f22c16b5c5ff47e2_oe_5737aa03"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21852328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21852328"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21852328, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21852328", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21852328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21852328; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21852328"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21852328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21852328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21852328; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21852328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21852328").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21852328").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21852328"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D">ICT4D</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8332" type="text/json">{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54239" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comunicacion_Social">Comunicacion Social</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54239" type="text/json">{"id":54239,"name":"Comunicacion Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comunicacion_Social?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecentres">Telecentres</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64640" type="text/json">{"id":64640,"name":"Telecentres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecentres?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21852328]'), work: {"id":21852328,"title":"Sociedad de la Información...¿Cuánto falta para llegar? El caso de los Centros Tecnológicos Comunitarios en la ciudad de Río Cuarto","created_at":"2016-02-11T18:13:38.825-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21852328/Sociedad_de_la_Informaci%C3%B3n_Cu%C3%A1nto_falta_para_llegar_El_caso_de_los_Centros_Tecnol%C3%B3gicos_Comunitarios_en_la_ciudad_de_R%C3%ADo_Cuarto?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_21852328","summary":"Ponencia: “Sociedad de la Información...¿Cuánto falta para llegar? El caso de los Centros Tecnológicos Comunitarios en la ciudad de Río Cuarto”, en III Congreso Panamericano de Comunicación, UBA, Buenos Aires, 12-16 julio 2005, pp. 109-111, ISBN 950-29-0863-5.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42596257,"asset_id":21852328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16763705,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Cabral Salgado","domain_name":"unrc","page_name":"VictorCabralSalgado","display_name":"Victor Cabral Salgado","profile_url":"https://unrc.academia.edu/VictorCabralSalgado?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16763705/11547761/12878793/s65_victor.cabral_salgado.jpg_oh_68aba947a6ff09e4f22c16b5c5ff47e2_oe_5737aa03"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":54239,"name":"Comunicacion Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comunicacion_Social?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":64640,"name":"Telecentres","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecentres?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6244210" data-work_id="6244210" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/6244210/Free_eBook_Arabic_Telecentre_Community_ICT_for_Development_in_MENA_Region">Free eBook: Arabic Telecentre Community, ICT for Development in MENA Region</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6244210" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="57eff3f1040c5fef7b3e2000226e7261" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33105357,"asset_id":6244210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33105357/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5004737" href="https://alepuniv.academia.edu/NEid">Nabil Eid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5004737" type="text/json">{"id":5004737,"first_name":"Nabil","last_name":"Eid","domain_name":"alepuniv","page_name":"NEid","display_name":"Nabil Eid","profile_url":"https://alepuniv.academia.edu/NEid?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5004737/2171862/18417823/s65_nabil.eid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6244210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6244210"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6244210, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6244210", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6244210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6244210; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6244210"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6244210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6244210"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6244210; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6244210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6244210").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6244210").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6244210"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66468" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Culture_Contemporary_Arabic_Studies">Arabic Culture, Contemporary Arabic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66468" type="text/json">{"id":66468,"name":"Arabic Culture, Contemporary Arabic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Culture_Contemporary_Arabic_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6244210]'), work: {"id":6244210,"title":"Free eBook: Arabic Telecentre Community, ICT for Development in MENA Region","created_at":"2014-02-28T18:51:23.512-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6244210/Free_eBook_Arabic_Telecentre_Community_ICT_for_Development_in_MENA_Region?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_6244210","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33105357,"asset_id":6244210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5004737,"first_name":"Nabil","last_name":"Eid","domain_name":"alepuniv","page_name":"NEid","display_name":"Nabil Eid","profile_url":"https://alepuniv.academia.edu/NEid?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5004737/2171862/18417823/s65_nabil.eid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":66468,"name":"Arabic Culture, Contemporary Arabic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Culture_Contemporary_Arabic_Studies?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38302507" data-work_id="38302507" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38302507/Success_Factors_of_e_Marketing_Innovation_Adoption_An_Empirical_Investigation_of_the_Nigerian_Manufacturing_Firms">Success Factors of e-Marketing Innovation Adoption: An Empirical Investigation of the Nigerian Manufacturing Firms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The emergence of e-Marketing innovation as a new communication tool is increasing globally and it provides exceptional opportunities for firms to enjoy improved sales, performance and competitiveness in the market place. The Nigerian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38302507" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The emergence of e-Marketing innovation as a new communication tool is increasing globally and it provides exceptional opportunities for firms to enjoy improved sales, performance and competitiveness in the market place. The Nigerian manufacturing sector has in recent times placed much importance on innovative marketing for stimulating firm's efficiency and accomplishing a sustainable development, but firms' decisions to adopt and deploy e-Marketing innovation are conceptually based on organizational, technological, environmental and behavioural factors which could either influence or impede its adoption. This study measured the relationships between e-Marketing innovation and key factors influencing its adoption among the Nigerian manufacturing firms, while major interactions among these factors were also examined using appropriate statistical methods. Furthermore, the study ascertained the level disparity among factors determining e-Marketing adoption. It was found that firms‟ decisions to adopt e-Marketing innovation were primarily driven by the availability of financial resources, external pressure, cost of technology and market acceptability of e-Marketing services. They were discovered to be more significant and dominant factors for eMarketing adoption. The study recommends that e-Marketing adoption by firms should embrace sustainable strategies such as strategic planning, need assessment/analysis, substantial financial resources and focus driven investment decisions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38302507" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d894874338fca51ec9699455b8059568" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58350198,"asset_id":38302507,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58350198/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6077812" href="https://nacetem.academia.edu/MichaelOlomu">Michael O . Olomu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6077812" type="text/json">{"id":6077812,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Olomu","domain_name":"nacetem","page_name":"MichaelOlomu","display_name":"Michael O . Olomu","profile_url":"https://nacetem.academia.edu/MichaelOlomu?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6077812/17405788/18164885/s65_michael.olomu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38302507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38302507"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38302507, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38302507", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38302507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38302507; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38302507"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38302507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38302507"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38302507; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38302507]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38302507").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38302507").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38302507"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221295" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_management">ICT management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="221295" type="text/json">{"id":221295,"name":"ICT management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38302507]'), work: {"id":38302507,"title":"Success Factors of e-Marketing Innovation Adoption: An Empirical Investigation of the Nigerian Manufacturing Firms","created_at":"2019-02-07T00:00:34.388-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38302507/Success_Factors_of_e_Marketing_Innovation_Adoption_An_Empirical_Investigation_of_the_Nigerian_Manufacturing_Firms?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_38302507","summary":"The emergence of e-Marketing innovation as a new communication tool is increasing globally and it provides exceptional opportunities for firms to enjoy improved sales, performance and competitiveness in the market place. The Nigerian manufacturing sector has in recent times placed much importance on innovative marketing for stimulating firm's efficiency and accomplishing a sustainable development, but firms' decisions to adopt and deploy e-Marketing innovation are conceptually based on organizational, technological, environmental and behavioural factors which could either influence or impede its adoption. This study measured the relationships between e-Marketing innovation and key factors influencing its adoption among the Nigerian manufacturing firms, while major interactions among these factors were also examined using appropriate statistical methods. Furthermore, the study ascertained the level disparity among factors determining e-Marketing adoption. It was found that firms‟ decisions to adopt e-Marketing innovation were primarily driven by the availability of financial resources, external pressure, cost of technology and market acceptability of e-Marketing services. They were discovered to be more significant and dominant factors for eMarketing adoption. The study recommends that e-Marketing adoption by firms should embrace sustainable strategies such as strategic planning, need assessment/analysis, substantial financial resources and focus driven investment decisions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58350198,"asset_id":38302507,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6077812,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Olomu","domain_name":"nacetem","page_name":"MichaelOlomu","display_name":"Michael O . Olomu","profile_url":"https://nacetem.academia.edu/MichaelOlomu?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6077812/17405788/18164885/s65_michael.olomu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":221295,"name":"ICT management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_management?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33258106" data-work_id="33258106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33258106/Analysis_Of_Classification_Methods_For_Diagnosis_Of_Pulmonary_Nodules_In_CT_Images">Analysis Of Classification Methods For Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Nodules In CT Images</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main aim of this work is to propose a novel Computer-aided detection (CAD) system based on a Contextual clustering combined with region growing for assisting radiologists in early identification of lung cancer from computed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33258106" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main aim of this work is to propose a novel Computer-aided detection (CAD) system based on a Contextual clustering combined with region growing for assisting radiologists in early identification of lung cancer from computed tomography(CT) scans. Instead of using conventional thresholding approach, this proposed work uses Contextual Clustering which yields a more accurate segmentation of the lungs from the chest volume. Following segmentation GLCM features are extracted which are then classified using three different classifiers namely Random forest, SVM and k-NN.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33258106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="978fe3db4547b780a67c19314bf280c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53328353,"asset_id":33258106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53328353/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2328357" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScienceIJCSIS">Journal of Computer Science IJCSIS</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2328357" type="text/json">{"id":2328357,"first_name":"Journal of Computer Science","last_name":"IJCSIS","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofComputerScienceIJCSIS","display_name":"Journal of Computer Science IJCSIS","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScienceIJCSIS?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2328357/8085511/9052483/s65_journal_of_computer_science.ijcsis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33258106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33258106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33258106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33258106", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33258106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33258106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33258106"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33258106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33258106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33258106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33258106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33258106").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33258106").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33258106"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11584" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development">ICT for Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11584" type="text/json">{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33258106]'), work: {"id":33258106,"title":"Analysis Of Classification Methods For Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Nodules In CT Images","created_at":"2017-05-30T03:57:41.688-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33258106/Analysis_Of_Classification_Methods_For_Diagnosis_Of_Pulmonary_Nodules_In_CT_Images?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_33258106","summary":"The main aim of this work is to propose a novel Computer-aided detection (CAD) system based on a Contextual clustering combined with region growing for assisting radiologists in early identification of lung cancer from computed tomography(CT) scans. Instead of using conventional thresholding approach, this proposed work uses Contextual Clustering which yields a more accurate segmentation of the lungs from the chest volume. Following segmentation GLCM features are extracted which are then classified using three different classifiers namely Random forest, SVM and k-NN.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53328353,"asset_id":33258106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2328357,"first_name":"Journal of Computer Science","last_name":"IJCSIS","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofComputerScienceIJCSIS","display_name":"Journal of Computer Science IJCSIS","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScienceIJCSIS?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2328357/8085511/9052483/s65_journal_of_computer_science.ijcsis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35171073" data-work_id="35171073" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35171073/Exposing_smart_cities_and_eco_cities_Frankenstein_urbanism_and_the_sustainability_challenges_of_the_experimental_city">Exposing smart cities and eco-cities: Frankenstein urbanism and the sustainability challenges of the experimental city</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent years, the world has seen the emergence of a number of urban projects which, under the banner of experimentation, have promoted alternative models of city-making capable, in theory, of creating sustainable built environments.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35171073" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent years, the world has seen the emergence of a number of urban projects which, under the banner of experimentation, have promoted alternative models of city-making capable, in theory, of creating sustainable built environments. Among these supposedly experimental models, the smart city and the eco-city stand out in terms of geographical diffusion, and are hailed by their advocates as the mark of an innovative urbanism based on a scientific approach to urban development. Through the analysis of Hong Kong and Masdar City, examples of a smart-city agenda and an eco-city project respectively, this paper questions the sustainability of so-called smart cities and eco-cities, by investigating the extent to which they are developed in a controlled and systematic manner as their developers claim. More specifically, the paper counterclaims mainstream understandings of smart and ecological urbanism, arguing that what are promoted as cohesive settlements shaped by a homogeneous vision of the sustainable city, are actually fragmented cities made of disconnected and often incongruous pieces of urban fabric. Theoretically, these claims are discussed through the concept of Frankenstein urbanism which draws upon Mary Shelley's novel as a metaphor for unsuccessful experiments generated by the forced union of different, incompatible elements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35171073" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f3d89834d540d7ef03e8b43f5ce79e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55032874,"asset_id":35171073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55032874/download_file?st=MTczOTg1MjU2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="314810" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/FedericoCugurullo">Federico Cugurullo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="314810" type="text/json">{"id":314810,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Cugurullo","domain_name":"tcd","page_name":"FedericoCugurullo","display_name":"Federico Cugurullo","profile_url":"https://tcd.academia.edu/FedericoCugurullo?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/314810/63314/12631853/s65_federico.cugurullo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35171073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35171073"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35171073, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35171073", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35171073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35171073; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35171073"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35171073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35171073"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35171073; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35171073]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35171073").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35171073").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35171073"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">73</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="277" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography">Urban Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="277" type="text/json">{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Politics">Urban Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2431" type="text/json">{"id":2431,"name":"Urban Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Politics?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35171073]'), work: {"id":35171073,"title":"Exposing smart cities and eco-cities: Frankenstein urbanism and the sustainability challenges of the experimental city","created_at":"2017-11-17T05:10:36.318-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35171073/Exposing_smart_cities_and_eco_cities_Frankenstein_urbanism_and_the_sustainability_challenges_of_the_experimental_city?f_ri=11584","dom_id":"work_35171073","summary":"In recent years, the world has seen the emergence of a number of urban projects which, under the banner of experimentation, have promoted alternative models of city-making capable, in theory, of creating sustainable built environments. Among these supposedly experimental models, the smart city and the eco-city stand out in terms of geographical diffusion, and are hailed by their advocates as the mark of an innovative urbanism based on a scientific approach to urban development. Through the analysis of Hong Kong and Masdar City, examples of a smart-city agenda and an eco-city project respectively, this paper questions the sustainability of so-called smart cities and eco-cities, by investigating the extent to which they are developed in a controlled and systematic manner as their developers claim. More specifically, the paper counterclaims mainstream understandings of smart and ecological urbanism, arguing that what are promoted as cohesive settlements shaped by a homogeneous vision of the sustainable city, are actually fragmented cities made of disconnected and often incongruous pieces of urban fabric. Theoretically, these claims are discussed through the concept of Frankenstein urbanism which draws upon Mary Shelley's novel as a metaphor for unsuccessful experiments generated by the forced union of different, incompatible elements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55032874,"asset_id":35171073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":314810,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Cugurullo","domain_name":"tcd","page_name":"FedericoCugurullo","display_name":"Federico Cugurullo","profile_url":"https://tcd.academia.edu/FedericoCugurullo?f_ri=11584","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/314810/63314/12631853/s65_federico.cugurullo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=11584","nofollow":true},{"id":2431,"name":"Urban 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