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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Venus of Hohle Fels</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Венера от Холе Фелс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Венера от Холе Фелс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_de_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus de Hohle Fels – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Venus de Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venu%C5%A1e_z_Hohle_Fels" title="Venuše z Hohle Fels – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Venuše z Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_vom_Hohlefels" title="Venus vom Hohlefels – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Venus vom Hohlefels" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5_%CE%A6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Αφροδίτη του Χόλε Φελς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφροδίτη του Χόλε Φελς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_de_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus de Hohle Fels – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Venus de Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venuso_de_Hohle_Fels" title="Venuso de Hohle Fels – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Venuso de Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohle_Felseko_venusa" title="Hohle Felseko venusa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hohle Felseko venusa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_de_Hohle_Fels" title="Vénus de Hohle Fels – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vénus de Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_iz_Hohle_Felsa" title="Venera iz Hohle Felsa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Venera iz Hohle Felsa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venere_di_Hohle_Fels" title="Venere di Hohle Fels – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Venere di Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudjotya_ke_Hohle_Fels" title="Kudjotya ke Hohle Fels – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kudjotya ke Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohler_Fels-i_v%C3%A9nusz" title="Hohler Fels-i vénusz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hohler Fels-i vénusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_van_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus van Hohle Fels – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Venus van Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9" title="ホーレ・フェルスのヴィーナス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホーレ・フェルスのヴィーナス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenus_z_Hohle_Fels" title="Wenus z Hohle Fels – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wenus z Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AAnus_de_Hohle_Fels" title="Vênus de Hohle Fels – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vênus de Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_din_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus din Hohle Fels – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Venus din Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Венера из Холе-Фельс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Венера из Холе-Фельс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_iz_Hohle_Felsa" title="Venera iz Hohle Felsa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Venera iz Hohle Felsa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohler_Felsin_Venus" title="Hohler Felsin Venus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hohler Felsin Venus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_fr%C3%A5n_Hohle_Fels" title="Venus från Hohle Fels – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Venus från Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Венера з Холе-Фельс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Венера з Холе-Фельс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Venus_%E1%BB%9F_Hohle_Fels" title="Tượng Venus ở Hohle Fels – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tượng Venus ở Hohle Fels" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312522#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Venus of Hohle Fels</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus-of-Schelklingen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Venus-of-Schelklingen.jpg/220px-Venus-of-Schelklingen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Venus-of-Schelklingen.jpg/330px-Venus-of-Schelklingen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/Venus-of-Schelklingen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="295" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Two views of the Venus of Hohle Fels figurine, which may have been worn as an amulet, and is the earliest known, undisputed example of a depiction of a human being</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Material</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">Mammoth</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">Height: 6 cm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data">41,000 years ago</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">September 2008<br /><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Wurttemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">Present location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blaubeuren" title="Blaubeuren">Blaubeuren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Wurttemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>Venus of Hohle Fels</b> (also known as the <b>Venus of Schelklingen</b>; in German variously <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Venus vom Hohlen Fels, vom Hohle Fels; Venus von Schelklingen</i></span></i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> that was unearthed in 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a>, a cave near <a href="/wiki/Schelklingen" title="Schelklingen">Schelklingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Caves_and_Ice_Age_Art_in_the_Swabian_Jura" title="Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura">Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. It is dated to between 42,000 and 40,000 years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> belonging to the early <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a>, at the very beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a>, which is associated with the earliest presence of <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_Europe" title="Paleolithic Europe">Europe</a>. </p><p>The figure is the oldest undisputed example of a depiction of a human being. In terms of figurative art only the lion-headed, <a href="/wiki/Zoomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoomorphic">zoomorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wenmensch_figurine" class="mw-redirect" title="Löwenmensch figurine">Löwenmensch figurine</a> is possibly older. The Venus is housed at the Prehistoric Museum of <a href="/wiki/Blaubeuren" title="Blaubeuren">Blaubeuren</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Urgeschichtliches Museum Blaubeuren</i></span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Alb" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian Alb">Swabian Alb</a> region of Germany has a number of caves that have yielded many mammoth-ivory artifacts of the Upper Paleolithic period. Approximately 25 items have been discovered to date. These include the Löwenmensch figurine of <a href="/wiki/Hohlenstein-Stadel" title="Hohlenstein-Stadel">Hohlenstein-Stadel</a> dated to 40,000 years ago<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an ivory <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music#Flutes" title="Prehistoric music">flute</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Gei%C3%9Fenkl%C3%B6sterle" class="mw-redirect" title="Geißenklösterle">Geißenklösterle</a>, dated to 42,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mountainous region is located in <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> and is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in the southeast, the upper <a href="/wiki/Neckar" title="Neckar">Neckar</a> in the northwest, and in the southwest it rises to the higher mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a>. </p><p>This concentration of evidence of full <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">behavioral modernity</a>, including figurative art and instrumental music among humans in the period of 30,000 to 40,000 years ago, is unique worldwide and its discoverer, archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Conard" title="Nicholas Conard">Nicholas Conard</a>, speculates that the bearers of the Aurignacian culture in the Swabian Alb may be credited with the invention, not just of figurative art and music, but possibly, the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">earliest religious practices</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a distance of 70 cm (27.6 in) to the Venus figurine, Conard's team also found a <a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">flute</a> made from a vulture bone.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional artifacts excavated from the same cave layer included <a href="/wiki/Flint-knapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Flint-knapping">flint-knapping</a> debris, worked bone, and carved ivory as well as remains of <a href="/wiki/Tarpan" title="Tarpan">tarpans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cave_bear" title="Cave bear">cave bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woolly_mammoth" title="Woolly mammoth">woolly mammoths</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibexes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8noVoCsYGs">[1]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> - an extensive discussion of the artifact by two team members who discovered and study the figurine<sup id="cite_ref-natvideo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natvideo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The discovery of the Venus of Hohle Fels by the archaeological team led by Nicholas J. Conard of Universität Tübingen Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie pushed back the date of the oldest known human <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by several millennia,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> establishing that works of art were being produced throughout the Aurignacian Period.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remarkably early figurine was discovered in September 2008 in a cave called <i><span title="Swabian-language text"><i lang="swg"><a href="/wiki/Hohle_Fels" title="Hohle Fels">Hohle Fels</a></i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian German</a> for "hollow rock") near Schelklingen, some 15 km (9 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, in southwestern Germany, by a team from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">University of Tübingen</a> led by archaeology professor <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Conard" title="Nicholas Conard">Nicholas Conard</a>, who reported their find in <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figurine was found in the cave hall, approximately 20 m (66 ft) from the entrance and 3 m (10 ft) below the current ground level. Nearby a <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic flutes">bone flute</a> dating to approximately 42,000 years ago was found, the oldest known uncontested <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">musical instrument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the team presented two further pieces of carved mammoth ivory discovered at the site that have been identified as parts of a second female figurine.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The figurine was sculpted from a <a href="/wiki/Woolly_mammoth" title="Woolly mammoth">woolly mammoth tusk</a> and it has broken into fragments, of which six have been recovered, with the left arm and shoulder still missing. In place of the head, the figurine has a perforated protrusion, which may have allowed it to be worn as an amulet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The discoverer, anthropologist Nicholas Conard, said: "This [figure] is about sex, reproduction... [it is] an extremely powerful depiction of the essence of being female".<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthropologist, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellars" title="Paul Mellars">Paul Mellars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a> has suggested that—by modern standards—the figurine "could be seen as bordering on the <a href="/wiki/Pornographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornographic">pornographic</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthropologists from <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> have suggested that such figurines were not depictions of beauty, but represented "hope for survival and longevity, within well-nourished and reproductively successful communities",<sup id="cite_ref-dixson_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dixson-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflecting the conventional interpretation of these types of figurines as representing a fertility goddess. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wenmensch_figurine" class="mw-redirect" title="Löwenmensch figurine">Löwenmensch figurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Berekhat_Ram" title="Venus of Berekhat Ram">Venus of Berekhat Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Tan-Tan" title="Venus of Tan-Tan">Venus of Tan-Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Venus of Willendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Venus of Dolní Věstonice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The grid or cross-hatch patterns found engraved at the <a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a> in South Africa, dating to 75,000 years ago, may or may not be considered "abstract art".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">by at least 5,000 years, if the 35,000 BP date is compared to that of the <a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Galgenberg" title="Venus of Galgenberg">Venus of Galgenberg</a>, or by as much as 10,000 years if the 40,000 BP date is accepted.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811060820/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/14/science/14venus.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=2009&rft.atitle=Full-Figured+Statuette%2C+35%2C000+Years+Old%2C+Provides+New+Clues+to+How+Art+Evolved&rft.date=2009-05-13&rft.aulast=Wilford&rft.aufirst=John+Noble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F05%2F14%2Fscience%2F14venus.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+of+Hohle+Fels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dixson-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dixson_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixsonDixson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Dixson, Alan F.; Dixson, Barnaby J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2011%2F569120">"Venus Figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of Fertility or Attractiveness?"</a>. <i>Journal of Anthropology</i>. <b>2011</b>: 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2011%2F569120">10.1155/2011/569120</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Venus+Figurines+of+the+European+Paleolithic%3A+Symbols+of+Fertility+or+Attractiveness%3F&rft.volume=2011&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1155%2F2011%2F569120&rft.aulast=Dixson&rft.aufirst=Alan+F.&rft.au=Dixson%2C+Barnaby+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1155%252F2011%252F569120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+of+Hohle+Fels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/venus-of-hohle-fels.htm">"Venus of Hohle Fels (38,000 - 33,000 BCE)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Art Education (Visual-Arts-Cork)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Art+Education+%28Visual-Arts-Cork%29&rft.atitle=Venus+of+Hohle+Fels+%2838%2C000+-+33%2C000+BCE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-arts-cork.com%2Fprehistoric%2Fvenus-of-hohle-fels.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+of+Hohle+Fels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Patrick2016" class="citation web cs1">Neil Patrick (8 Jun 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/06/08/44775-2/">"The Venus of Hohle Fels is the oldest statue depicting a woman's figure"</a>. <i>The Vintage News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vintage+News&rft.atitle=The+Venus+of+Hohle+Fels+is+the+oldest+statue+depicting+a+woman%27s+figure&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft.au=Neil+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevintagenews.com%2F2016%2F06%2F08%2F44775-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVenus+of+Hohle+Fels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cook, Jill (2013), <i>Ice Age Art: the Arrival of the Modern Mind</i>; [... to accompany the exhibition of the British Museum from 7 February to 26 May 2013]. London: British Museum Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-2333-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7141-2333-2">978-0-7141-2333-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> <br />(disputed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Tan-Tan" title="Venus of Tan-Tan">Tan-Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Berekhat_Ram" title="Venus of Berekhat Ram">Berekhat Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hohle Fels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Galgenberg" title="Venus of Galgenberg">Galgenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adorant_from_the_Gei%C3%9Fenkl%C3%B6sterle_cave" title="Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave">Adorant from the Geißenklösterle cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Doln%C3%AD_V%C4%9Bstonice" title="Venus of Dolní Věstonice">Dolní Věstonice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Brassempouy" title="Venus of Brassempouy">Brassempouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Gagarino" title="Venus figurines of Gagarino">Gagarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Kostyonki" title="Venus figurines of Kostyonki">Kostenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Laussel" title="Venus of Laussel">Laussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Lespugue" title="Venus of Lespugue">Lespugue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Pet%C5%99kovice" title="Venus of Petřkovice">Petřkovice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Savignano" title="Venus of Savignano">Savignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Mal%27ta" title="Venus figurines of Mal'ta">Mal'ta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Buret%27" title="Venus of Buret'">Buret'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Mauern" title="Venus of Mauern">Mauern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_of_Trou_Magrite_(horizontal_as_in_the_museum_diplay,_and_vertical_as_depicted_when_interpreted_as_a_Venus).jpg" title="File:Venus of Trou Magrite (horizontal as in the museum diplay, and vertical as depicted when interpreted as a Venus).jpg">Trou Magrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Balzi_Rossi" title="Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi">Balzi Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf" title="Venus of Willendorf">Willendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Zaraysk" title="Venus figurines of Zaraysk">Zaraysk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_G%C3%B6nnersdorf" title="Venus figurines of Gönnersdorf">Gönnersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines_of_Petersfels" title="Venus figurines of Petersfels">Petersfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Monruz" title="Venus of Monruz">Monruz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&oldid=1260469198">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venus_of_Hohle_Fels&oldid=1260469198</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aurignacian" title="Category:Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Venus_figurines" title="Category:Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_discoveries_in_Germany" title="Category:Archaeological discoveries in Germany">Archaeological discoveries in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Category:Archaeology of Baden-Württemberg">Archaeology of Baden-Württemberg</a></li><li><a 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