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mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div 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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-病徵與症狀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病徵與症狀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 病徵與症狀 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病徵與症狀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-感染進程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感染進程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 感染進程 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感染進程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 病因 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-病因-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关病因子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-病因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-病毒" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病毒"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 病毒 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病毒-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-接觸傳染" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#接觸傳染"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 接觸傳染 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-接觸傳染-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-天氣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天氣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 天氣 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天氣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 其他因素 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病理生理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病理生理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 病理生理學 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病理生理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-診斷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#診斷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 診斷 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-診斷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-預防" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#預防"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 預防 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-預防-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 治療 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-治療-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关治療子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-治療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-藥物治療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藥物治療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 藥物治療 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藥物治療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-抗生素和抗病毒藥物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#抗生素和抗病毒藥物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 抗生素和抗病毒藥物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-抗生素和抗病毒藥物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-替代療法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#替代療法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 替代療法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-替代療法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-預後" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#預後"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 預後 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-預後-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流行病學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流行病學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 流行病學 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流行病學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 經濟影響 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 研究 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 注釋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 参考文献 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关参考文献子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 引用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-书籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#书籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 书籍 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-书籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">普通感冒</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。131种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" > 131种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkoue" title="Verkoue – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verkoue" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erk%C3%A4ltung" title="Erkältung – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erkältung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refriau_com%C3%BAn" title="Refriau común – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Refriau común" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زكام – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زكام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0" title="পানীলগা জ্বৰ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পানীলগা জ্বৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resfri%C3%A1u_com%C3%BAn" title="Resfriáu común – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Resfriáu común" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thayjata" title="Thayjata – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Thayjata" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B6k%C9%99m" title="Zökəm – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zökəm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زؤکام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زؤکام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Һыуыҡ тейеү – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыуыҡ тейеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtraukn" title="Schtraukn – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schtraukn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C5%A1al%C4%97ms" title="Paršalėms – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Paršalėms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Прастуда – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прастуда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Застуда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Застуда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Настинка – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Настинка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="সর্দি-কাশি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সর্দি-কাশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifern" title="Sifern – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sifern" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehlada" title="Prehlada – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prehlada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Хүйтэн абалга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүйтэн абалга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refredat" title="Refredat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Refredat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81ng-m%C3%B4%CC%A4" title="Gāng-mô̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gāng-mô̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sip-on" title="Sip-on – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sip-on" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="سەرمابوون – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرمابوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlazen%C3%AD" title="Nachlazení – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nachlazení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annwyd" title="Annwyd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Annwyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork%C3%B8lelse" title="Forkølelse – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forkølelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erk%C3%A4ltung" title="Erkältung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erkältung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%8B%DE%A6%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%90%DE%B0_%DE%83%DE%AF%DE%8E%DE%A7" title="އަރިދަފުސް ރޯގާ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަރިދަފުސް ރޯގާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κοινό κρυολόγημα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινό κρυολόγημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferd%C5%8Dr" title="Ferdōr – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ferdōr" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Common cold" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvarmumo" title="Malvarmumo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malvarmumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resfriado_com%C3%BAn" title="Resfriado común – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resfriado común" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavaline_nohu" title="Tavaline nohu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tavaline nohu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotzeri" title="Hotzeri – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hotzeri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="سرماخوردگی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرماخوردگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flunssa" title="Flunssa – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Flunssa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhume" title="Rhume – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhume" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferkeelang" title="Ferkeelang – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ferkeelang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferk%C3%A2ldenens" title="Ferkâldenens – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferkâldenens" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaghd%C3%A1n" title="Slaghdán – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Slaghdán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roum" title="Roum – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Roum" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_cnatan" title="An cnatan – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An cnatan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrefriado" title="Arrefriado – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arrefriado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%A9pa%27%C3%A3" title="Tĩpa'ã – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tĩpa'ã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mura" title="Mura – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mura" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1m-mo" title="Kám-mo – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kám-mo" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="הצטננות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הצטננות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="ज़ुकाम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़ुकाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardi" title="Sardi – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sardi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi%C4%8Dna_prehlada" title="Obična prehlada – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Obična prehlada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megf%C3%A1z%C3%A1s" title="Megfázás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Megfázás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մրսածություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մրսածություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%83_%D5%A5%D6%82_%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Կրիփ եւ Հարբուխ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կրիփ եւ Հարբուխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigido_(maladia)" title="Frigido (maladia) – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Frigido (maladia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilek" title="Pilek – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pilek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panateng" title="Panateng – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panateng" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvef" title="Kvef – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvef" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffreddore_comune" title="Raffreddore comune – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raffreddore comune" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%82%AA" title="風邪 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="風邪" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaman_kuol" title="Kaman kuol – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kaman kuol" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masuk_angin" title="Masuk angin – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Masuk angin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Назофарингит – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Назофарингит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="រោគផ្ដាសាយធម្មតា – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រោគផ្ដាសាយធម្មតា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF" title="ನೆಗಡಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೆಗಡಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EA%B8%B0" title="감기 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%95%D9%84" title="نزٕل – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نزٕل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Суук тийүү – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суук тийүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravedo" title="Gravedo – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gravedo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekifuba" title="Ekifuba – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekifuba" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjnoep_(infectiekraenkde)" title="Sjnoep (infectiekraenkde) – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjnoep (infectiekraenkde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infreggi%C3%B4" title="Infreggiô – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Infreggiô" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C5%A1alimas" title="Peršalimas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Peršalimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saaukst%C4%93%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Saaukstēšanās – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saaukstēšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Настинка – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Настинка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ജലദോഷം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജലദോഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="सर्दी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सर्दी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selesema" title="Selesema – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Selesema" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အအေးမိခြင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အအေးမိခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciamurr" title="Ciamurr – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ciamurr" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verk%C3%B6len" title="Verkölen – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Verkölen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verk%C3%B6ldheid" title="Verköldheid – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Verköldheid" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="रुगा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुगा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkoudheid" title="Verkoudheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verkoudheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkj%C3%B8ling" title="Forkjøling – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forkjøling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkj%C3%B8lelse" title="Forkjølelse – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forkjølelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raum%C3%A0s" title="Raumàs – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Raumàs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BF" title="ଶର୍ଦ୍ଦି – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶର୍ଦ୍ଦି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਜੁਕਾਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੁਕਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przezi%C4%99bienie" title="Przeziębienie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przeziębienie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfreidor" title="Anfreidor – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anfreidor" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زکام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زکام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipa%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Constipação – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constipação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E2%80%99uhu_unquy" title="Ch’uhu unquy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch’uhu unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroz%C4%83_respiratorie" title="Viroză respiratorie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viroză respiratorie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%A2%C8%9Bimi" title="Arâțimi – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arâțimi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Простуда – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Простуда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Тымныйыы – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тымныйыы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱷᱩᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱩᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifridduri" title="Rifridduri – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rifridduri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cauld" title="Common cauld – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Common cauld" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زڪام – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زڪام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehlada" title="Prehlada – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prehlada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සෙම්ප්‍රතිශ්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙම්ප්‍රතිශ්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Common cold" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1dcha" title="Nádcha – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nádcha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehlad" title="Prehlad – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prehlad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_ftohti_i_zakonsh%C3%ABm" title="I ftohti i zakonshëm – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="I ftohti i zakonshëm" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Прехлада – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прехлада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%C3%A9sma" title="Salésma – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Salésma" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rkylning" title="Förkylning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förkylning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafua_ya_kawaida" title="Mafua ya kawaida – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mafua ya kawaida" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தடிமன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தடிமன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81" title="జలుబు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జలుబు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="โรคหวัด – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โรคหวัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaniwang_sipon" title="Karaniwang sipon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karaniwang sipon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezle" title="Nezle – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nezle" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Назофарингит – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Назофарингит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Застуда – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Застуда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زکام – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زکام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamollash" title="Shamollash – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shamollash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A3m_l%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Cảm lạnh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cảm lạnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vollienge" title="Vollienge – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vollienge" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchurea" title="Matchurea 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lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაზოფარინგიტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פארקילונג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארקילונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwgliengz" title="Dwgliengz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dwgliengz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1m-m%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Kám-mō͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-d5df8813" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Medicine"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lightgrey">普通感冒</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">又称</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">急性鼻咽炎、急性鼻炎、感染性鼻炎、咽上壁炎症、感冒、鼻咽炎<a href="#cite_note-ICD-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:Rhinovirus.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rhinovirus.PNG/300px-Rhinovirus.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rhinovirus.PNG/450px-Rhinovirus.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rhinovirus.PNG/600px-Rhinovirus.PNG 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="866" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">人類<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="鼻病毒">鼻病毒</a>的表面</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">症状</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">咳嗽、喉嚨痛、流鼻涕、發燒<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B5%E7%99%BC%E7%97%87" title="併發症">併發症</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%80%B3%E7%82%8E" title="中耳炎">中耳炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%AB%87%E7%82%8E" title="鼻竇炎">鼻竇炎</a><a href="#cite_note-Ben2014-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">起病年龄</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">暴露病原後約2天<a href="#cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%A8%8B" title="病程">病程</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1–3星期<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heik2003-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="上呼吸道感染">上呼吸道感染</a>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3936113" class="extiw" title="d:Q3936113">鼻咽炎</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18975569" class="extiw" title="d:Q18975569">Picornaviridae infectious disease</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55790495" class="extiw" title="d:Q55790495">acute viral respiratory tract infection</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18558209" class="extiw" title="d:Q18558209">上呼吸道感染疾病</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111527211" class="extiw" title="d:Q111527211">viral rhinitis</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">病因</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="病毒">病毒</a><a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%91%E5%88%A5%E8%A8%BA%E6%96%B7" title="鑑別診斷">鑑別診斷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E6%80%A7%E9%BC%BB%E7%82%8E" title="過敏性鼻炎">過敏性鼻炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%97%A5%E5%92%B3" title="百日咳">百日咳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%AB%87%E7%82%8E" title="鼻竇炎">鼻竇炎</a><a href="#cite_note-Ben2014-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">預防</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">洗手、戴口罩<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">治療</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E7%97%87%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="对症治疗">症狀治療</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">锌</a><a href="#cite_note-NIH2016Zinc-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">藥物</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93%E6%8A%97%E7%82%8E%E8%8D%AF" title="非甾体抗炎药">非甾体抗炎药</a><a href="#cite_note-Kim2015-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%A3%E7%97%85%E7%8E%87" title="患病率">患病率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">成人每人每年2–4次，幼兒每年6–12次<a href="#cite_note-AFP07-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;;;">分类和外部资源</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="醫學專科">醫學專科</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感染科（页面不存在）">感染科</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="extiw" title="en:Infectious disease (medical specialty)">Infectious disease (medical specialty)</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">CA00</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">J00</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="ICD-9编码列表">9-CM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">460</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="疾病資料庫">DiseasesDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb31088.htm">31088</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000678.htm">000678</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">227820</td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: right; font-size:0.9em;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12125" class="extiw" title="d:Q12125">编辑此条目的维基数据</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table> 普通感冒（common cold），又稱急性鼻咽炎<a href="#cite_note-ICD-1">[1]</a>，俗稱“傷風”，是一種<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="上呼吸道">上呼吸道</a>的病毒性感染，主要原發於<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E8%85%94" title="鼻腔">鼻腔</a>，但也可能進犯<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E5%9A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="喉嚨">喉嚨</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%AB%87" title="鼻竇">鼻竇</a><a href="#cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">[6]</a>。症狀一般於暴露病原後兩天內開始出現<a href="#cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">[6]</a>，包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD" title="咳嗽">咳嗽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89%E7%97%9B" title="咽喉痛">喉嚨痛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E6%BC%8F" title="鼻漏">流鼻水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%9A%8F" title="噴嚏">打噴嚏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B" title="頭痛">頭痛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="發燒">發燒</a>等。大部分症狀通常在七到十天內會緩解<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>，但某些症狀可能會持續三個星期以上。有其他健康問題者患感冒時可能會併發<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>。 目前已知有逾200種<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%9E%8B" title="分型">病毒株</a>會導致傷風，其中最常見的為<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="鼻病毒">鼻病毒</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Full-12">[12]</a>。病毒會藉由空氣傳播，可能藉由接觸感染者而直接遭到傳染，或是單純在環境中因口鼻吸入病毒而感染<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>。危險因子有前往<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%92%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="托兒所">托兒所</a> 、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E7%9C%A0" title="失眠">睡眠不良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="心理壓力">心理壓力</a>等<a href="#cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">[6]</a>。感冒病毒對於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">組織</a>的破壞，其實並不足以引起傷風的那些症狀，反而大多是由身體<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB" title="免疫">免疫</a>反應所導致<a href="#cite_note-E112-13">[13]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" title="流行性感冒">流行性感冒</a>的症狀與傷風類似，但症狀一般更重<a href="#cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">[6]</a>。此外，流行性感冒較少造成<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E6%BC%8F" title="鼻漏">流鼻水</a>的症狀<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>。 目前為止，沒有任何<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="疫苗">疫苗</a>能夠預防傷風<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>。基本的預防方式包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E6%89%8B" title="洗手">洗手</a>，不用髒手觸碰眼、鼻、口，以及避免接觸患者<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>。有一些證據支持<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%8F%A3%E7%BD%A9" title="外科口罩">戴口罩</a>也可以減少感染風險<a href="#cite_note-E209-15">[15]</a>。傷風並無解藥，但可以進行症狀治療<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>。在症狀初期補充<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">锌</a>可能可以縮短病程及減低嚴重度<a href="#cite_note-NIH2016Zinc-9">[9]</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%8A%AC" title="布洛芬">布洛芬</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93%E6%8A%97%E7%82%8E%E8%8D%AF" title="非甾体抗炎药">非類固醇消炎止痛藥</a>可緩解疼痛<a href="#cite_note-Kim2015-10">[10]</a>；傷風時不應使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>。現有證據不能證明<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A2%E5%92%B3%E8%97%A5" title="止咳藥">止咳藥</a>有益<a href="#cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">[6]</a>。 傷風為人類盛行率最高的一種傳染病<a href="#cite_note-E1-17">[17]</a>。成人平均每年感冒2至3次，小孩則高達6-8次<a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a>。傷風在冬季較為常見<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015-3">[3]</a>；傷風自古以來即有文獻記述<a href="#cite_note-Eccles_p._3-18">[18]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病徵與症狀">病徵與症狀</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：病徵與症狀">编辑</a>]</div> 普通感冒的典型<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%87%E7%8B%80" class="mw-redirect" title="症狀">症狀</a>，包括咳嗽、流鼻涕、鼻塞和喉嚨痛，有時還伴有<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E9%85%B8%E7%97%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="肌肉酸痛">肌肉酸痛</a>、疲勞、頭痛以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E6%AC%B2%E4%B8%8D%E6%8C%AF" title="食欲不振">食慾不振</a><a href="#cite_note-#1-19">[19]</a>。喉嚨痛大約40％的普通感冒患者會出現，咳嗽則佔病患的50％左右<a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a>，肌肉痠痛也有半數的人會感受到<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。大多數成人感染普通感冒後不會有發燒的症狀，但在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92" title="嬰兒">嬰幼兒</a>身上經常發生<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。普通感冒所造成咳嗽的症狀比流行性感冒緩和許多<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。意味著成人如果同時有發燒與咳嗽的症狀感染流行性感冒的可能性大增，而發燒與嚴重咳嗽是流行性感冒的典型症狀<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>。某些造成普通感冒的病毒也可能引起無症狀的感染<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>。痰或鼻腔分泌物的顏色可能有透明、黃色或接近綠色，但並不能預知是哪種病毒所造成的感染或感染的嚴重程度<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>。除此之外，普通感冒感染<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化系統">消化系統</a>稱做胃腸型普通感冒，可能產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%81%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="噁心">噁心</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%94%E5%90%90" class="mw-redirect" title="嘔吐">嘔吐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E7%97%9B" title="腹痛">腹痛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E7%80%89" title="腹瀉">腹瀉</a>等症狀<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較">普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：普通感冒與流行性感冒的病徵比較">编辑</a>]</div> 「普通感冒」一詞不應與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" title="流行性感冒">流行性感冒</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[a]</a>相混淆，後者一般比前者明顯、嚴重，後者額外的症狀包括發熱、冷顫及肌肉酸痛，全身性症狀較明顯<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a>。流感對於免疫能力較差人群（主要是嬰幼兒、老人）可以是致命的。兩者區別為普通感冒由鼻病毒所引起，而流行性感冒則是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="流感病毒">流感病毒</a>引起。 <table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" title="流行性感冒">流感</a>（Influenza） </td> <td>普通感冒（Cold） </td></tr> <tr> <th>易发作期 </th> <td>每年10月至第二年3月中旬，通常每2至3年流行一次 </td> <td>无季节性 </td></tr> <tr> <th>發作期 </th> <td>突然 </td> <td>漸進 </td></tr> <tr> <th>全身症状 </th> <td>全身症状较严重；呼吸道症状轻 </td> <td>一般无全身症状；局部症状较严重 </td></tr> <tr> <th>發燒 </th> <td>常見，且溫度高超過38.3℃，維持3至4天 </td> <td>一般无 </td></tr> <tr> <th>咳嗽 </th> <td>有時會很嚴重 </td> <td>乾咳 </td></tr> <tr> <th>頭痛 </th> <td>明顯 </td> <td>少見 </td></tr> <tr> <th>肌肉痛 </th> <td>嚴重（以背部和腿部最为明显） </td> <td>輕微 </td></tr> <tr> <th>疲勞感 </th> <td>表现强烈 </td> <td>微弱（要休息，否則會變成嚴重） </td></tr> <tr> <th>虛弱 </th> <td>維持5至6週 </td> <td>輕微 </td></tr> <tr> <th>不適感 </th> <td>常見 </td> <td>輕至中度 </td></tr> <tr> <th>鼻塞 </th> <td>偶爾 </td> <td>常見 </td></tr> <tr> <th>打噴嚏 </th> <td>偶爾 </td> <td>經常 </td></tr> <tr> <th>喉嚨痛 </th> <td>偶爾 </td> <td>常見 </td></tr> <tr> <th>病程（不包括并发症） </th> <td>1至2周或更长 </td> <td>4至10天 </td></tr> <tr> <th>感染后的免疫力 </th> <td>强（可维持8至12个月） </td> <td>弱 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="感染進程">感染進程</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：感染進程">编辑</a>]</div> 感染普通感冒最先會感到疲倦、打冷顫、打噴嚏、頭痛，過了一兩天後，開始產生流鼻涕與咳嗽的症狀<a href="#cite_note-#1-19">[19]</a>。症狀大約在感染普通感冒16小時後開始顯現<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a>，症狀在感染二到四天後表現最為劇烈<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a>。普通感冒症狀通常在七到十天後會消失，但有些案例的症狀可持續多達三個星期<a href="#cite_note-Heik2003-7">[7]</a>。孩童症狀表現持續的時間較長，有35～40%的孩童會持續十天以上的咳嗽；10%的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="兒童">兒童</a>可能持續咳嗽超過25天<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病因">病因</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：病因">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="病毒">病毒</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：病毒">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/300px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/450px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg/600px-Coronaviruses_004_lores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>冠狀病毒是由一群會引起普通感冒的病毒，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="電子顯微鏡">電子顯微鏡</a>下觀察會發現具有皇冠狀構造的凸起</figcaption></figure> 普通感冒是一種病毒性上呼吸道感染，研究顯示超過200種不同的病毒類型與感染普通感冒有關<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。普通感冒中最常見的病毒是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="鼻病毒">鼻病毒</a>（30～50％），屬於一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="微小核糖核酸病毒科">小核糖核酸病毒</a>，並包含有99個血清型<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a>。其他病毒包括：<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="冠狀病毒">冠狀病毒</a>（10～15％）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="甲型流感">甲型流感</a><a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>（5～15％）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="副黏液病毒科">人類副流感病毒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="人類呼吸道融合病毒">人類呼吸道融合病毒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="腺病毒">腺病毒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="腸病毒">腸病毒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="偏肺病毒">偏肺病毒</a>等<a href="#cite_note-NIAID2006-32">[31]</a>，其他的20～30%是由未知的病毒所引起的<a href="#cite_note-Heik2003-7">[7]</a>。大部分情況下感染普通感冒的病患會有同時多種病毒存在<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="接觸傳染">接觸傳染</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：接觸傳染">编辑</a>]</div> 普通感冒病毒通常經由飛沫<a href="#cite_note-34">[b]</a>或是直接接觸受病毒感染的鼻腔分泌物以及接觸其他病毒的汙染物<a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cold197-35">[33]</a>，但這些主要的感染途徑並未被完全確定<a href="#cite_note-CC07-36">[34]</a>。病毒可能長時間存在於環境中，被<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E" title="人類">人類</a>的手碰觸後再接觸到<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛">眼睛</a>或鼻子而造成感染<a href="#cite_note-Cold197-35">[33]</a>。接觸傳染最常發生在<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%92%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="托兒所">托兒所</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="學校">學校</a>，主因是惡劣的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="衛生">衛生</a>環境、密切的接觸以及孩童的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="免疫力">免疫力</a>較弱<a href="#cite_note-Text2007-37">[35]</a>。這些兒童感染普通感冒之後還可能將病毒帶回家中，進而造成家中成員感染<a href="#cite_note-Text2007-37">[35]</a>。沒有證據顯示在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="飛機">飛機</a>上的循環<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="空氣">空氣</a>會增加普通感冒傳播的機率<a href="#cite_note-Cold197-35">[33]</a>，但人們比鄰而坐將產生較大的風險<a href="#cite_note-CC07-36">[34]</a>。鼻病毒引起的普通感冒在產生症狀的一到三日最具傳染性，之後傳染力便會逐漸下降至沒有<a href="#cite_note-contagiousness-38">[36]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="天氣">天氣</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：天氣">编辑</a>]</div> 東西方各國，民間傳統的理論認為普通感冒可以從長時間暴露在寒冷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天氣">天氣</a>諸如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E9%83%A8" title="雨部">雨天</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="冬天">冬天</a>而「捕獲」，這也是這個疾病英文名稱的由來（或是中文風寒、口語著涼）<a href="#cite_note-39">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a>。身體處於寒冷環境會增加感染普通感冒之機會仍有爭議<a href="#cite_note-Mourtzoukou-41">[38]</a>，不過有些理論分析造成上述現象的原因。一些研究認為某些導致普通感冒的病毒是隨季節繁殖，在寒冷或<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%BF%95" title="潮濕">潮濕</a>的天氣會提高感染能力<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a>；有些人則認為天氣寒冷，令人們生活較為接近所造成，尤其是聚集在學校裡的孩童<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a>；當然也可能涉及到<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a>的變化，造成更易感染<a href="#cite_note-Text2007-37">[35]</a>，抑或是低<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濕度">濕度</a>增加病毒傳播率，可能是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E7%87%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="乾燥">乾燥</a>的空氣讓病毒的飛沫分散得更遠、在空氣中停留更長時間<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a>。而耶鲁大学一项最新研究则指出，比起人体正常核心体温，鼻腔裡的寒冷温度条件更利於該等引起普通感冒的病毒複製。该研究通过对比小鼠气道上皮细胞在不同温度下培养时鼻病毒的免疫反应，发现在低于体温的条件下，细胞对鼻病毒的固有免疫应答出现了缺陷。<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他因素">其他因素</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：其他因素">编辑</a>]</div> 由於人類有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB" title="群体免疫">群體免疫</a>的能力，對於限制普通感冒病毒傳染起了重要作用，但兒童群體的免疫力較差，群體免疫的效果較差，所以孩童呼吸道感染的比率較高<a href="#cite_note-CC03-46">[43]</a>，因此缺乏免疫力是感染普通感冒的危險因子<a href="#cite_note-CC03-46">[43]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E5%89%9D%E5%A5%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="睡眠剝奪">睡眠不足</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF" title="營養不良">營養不良</a>被認為會對免疫功能造成影響，所以也會增加感染普通感冒的風險<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病理生理學">病理生理學</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：病理生理學">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg/300px-Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg/450px-Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg/600px-Illu_conducting_passages_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>普通感冒是上呼吸道感染的疾病。</figcaption></figure> 普通感冒的症狀被認為主要是涉及病毒的免疫反應<a href="#cite_note-CC04-49">[46]</a>。免疫反應的機轉具有病毒特異性。例如鼻病毒通常透過直接接觸而感染，它與人類的ICAM-1<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" class="mw-disambig" title="受体">受體</a>結合，經由未知的機制來觸發<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="發炎">發炎</a>介質的釋放<a href="#cite_note-CC04-49">[46]</a>，然後就產生了普通感冒症狀<a href="#cite_note-CC04-49">[46]</a>，不過鼻病毒通常不會導致鼻腔<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上皮細胞">上皮細胞</a>的損害<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。人類呼吸道融合病毒的傳染途徑有直接感染與飛沫傳染，這種病毒會在感染下呼吸道前在鼻與咽喉大量複製<a href="#cite_note-CC05-50">[47]</a>，也會造成鼻腔上皮細胞受到傷害<a href="#cite_note-CC05-50">[47]</a>。人類副流感病毒通常會導致鼻、喉與支氣管發炎<a href="#cite_note-CC06-51">[48]</a>，感染到人類副流感病毒的孩童通常會因為狹小的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="氣管">氣管</a>而產生喉炎的症狀<a href="#cite_note-CC06-51">[48]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="診斷">診斷</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：診斷">编辑</a>]</div> 普通感冒的自我<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%BA%E6%96%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="診斷">診斷</a>相當常見<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。各類型病毒性上呼吸道感染的定義主要是指影響鼻子、喉嚨及肺部支氣管這三個部位<a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a>，不過這只是大略劃分，實際上很多病患會同時有兩個或多個部位受到感染<a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a>。造成普通感冒的病毒有許多種，但很少進行分析實際病毒是哪一種<a href="#cite_note-CC08-52">[49]</a>，因為大部分普通感冒不能從症狀辨識出病毒類型<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="預防">預防</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：預防">编辑</a>]</div> 使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>措施阻止普通感冒的傳播被認為是唯一有效的預防措施<a href="#cite_note-CC09-53">[50]</a>。這些物理措施包括：在醫療場所中勤洗手、戴口罩、穿著保護袍及穿戴一次性<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97" title="手套">手套</a><a href="#cite_note-CC09-53">[50]</a>。至於<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="隔离检疫">隔離</a>感染者是不可能的，因為普通感冒具有廣泛散播和非特異性的症狀。因為涉及的病毒種類相當多，而且變異又非常迅速<a href="#cite_note-CC09-53">[50]</a>，所以建立一款廣用且有效的<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="疫苗">疫苗</a>是極不可能的<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a>。 經常洗手能有效降低普通感冒的傳播，兒童更要注重這個預防措施<a href="#cite_note-CochP11-55">[52]</a>，至於添加<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="抗病毒藥物">抗病毒藥物</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%8F%8C%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="抗菌药">抗菌藥物</a>的洗手乳能否提供更多的防護仍是未知數<a href="#cite_note-CochP11-55">[52]</a>。如果週遭的人感染普通感冒時，戴口罩預防是相當有效的，但目前仍沒有足夠的證據可以證明保持較遠的人際距離能減少感染普通感冒的機率<a href="#cite_note-CochP11-55">[52]</a>。其他保健食品的攝取——補充<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a>也許能有效地降低感染普通感冒的機會<a href="#cite_note-Zinc11-56">[53]</a>；另外，規律服用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0C" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素C">維生素C</a>並不能減少感染普通感冒的風險或普通感冒的嚴重程度，但可能會縮短症狀的持續時間，不過另有研究顯示，處於寒冷狀態下積極體能訓練的人規律服用維生素C有抵抗普通感冒的效果<a href="#cite_note-Hemilä2010-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-klm-58">[55]</a>。除此之外，均衡的飲食與良好的衛生習慣也能預防普通感冒<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="治療">治療</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：治療">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg/300px-Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg/450px-Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg/600px-Pneumonia_strikes_like_a_man_eating_shark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>寫有「請諮詢您的<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="醫生">醫生</a>」的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A0%B1" title="海報">海報</a>，鼓勵人民治療普通感冒。</figcaption></figure> 目前沒有任何合成藥物或<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E8%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="草藥">草藥</a>被證實可以縮短普通感冒的持續時間<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="治療">治療</a>只限於緩解症狀<a href="#cite_note-AFP07-11">[11]</a>。常用的应对方法包括多休息、多喝水、並用溫<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E6%B0%B4" title="鹽水">鹽水</a>漱口<a href="#cite_note-NIAID2006-32">[31]</a>。雖然大部分患者聲稱從治療中獲得改善，但大多歸因於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%85%B0%E5%8A%91" title="安慰劑">安慰劑</a>的效果<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="藥物治療">藥物治療</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：藥物治療">编辑</a>]</div> 幫助緩解普通感冒症狀的治療方法包括一般的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A2%E7%97%9B%E8%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="止痛藥">止痛藥</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%80%E7%86%B1%E8%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="退熱藥（页面不存在）">退熱藥</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%8A%AC" title="布洛芬">布洛芬</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%9A" title="对乙酰氨基酚">對乙醯氨基酚</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a>。研究顯示<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="咳嗽药">咳嗽藥</a>並沒有比普通的止痛藥來的有效<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a>，也不推薦兒童服用缺乏療效證明的藥物，因為這些藥物可能對孩童造成潛在的危害<a href="#cite_note-CFP09-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a>。在2009年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>限制六歲以及六歲以下兒童服用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%99%95%E6%96%B9%E8%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="非處方藥">非處方藥</a>的咳嗽藥與<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92%E8%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="感冒藥">感冒藥</a>，即是擔心缺乏療效證明的藥物對孩童造成的危害<a href="#cite_note-CFP09-65">[62]</a>。除此之外，某些國家為了防止濫用非處方藥<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E7%BE%8E%E6%B2%99%E8%8A%AC" title="右美沙芬">右美沙芬</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[d]</a>而立法禁止販售此種藥物<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a>。 成年人如果有流鼻涕的症狀，可以服用第一代<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E8%83%BA%E8%97%A5" title="抗組織胺藥">抗組織胺藥</a>減緩病症，但可能會產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E7%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="嗜睡">嗜睡</a>的不良反應<a href="#cite_note-AFP07-11">[11]</a>；第二代抗組織胺藥物就不會造成嚴重的嗜睡。其他<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%9B%E5%85%85%E8%A1%80%E5%8A%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="減充血劑（页面不存在）">減充血劑</a>，諸如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E9%BA%BB%E9%BB%84%E7%A2%B1" title="伪麻黄碱">偽麻黃鹼</a>對減緩流鼻涕很有效<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E4%B8%99%E6%89%98%E6%BA%B4%E9%8A%A8" title="異丙托溴銨">異丙托溴銨</a>噴鼻劑可以減輕流鼻涕的症狀，但對於舒緩鼻塞症狀效果有限<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="抗生素和抗病毒藥物">抗生素和抗病毒藥物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：抗生素和抗病毒藥物">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a>無法治療病毒造成的感染，因此對病毒引起的普通感冒沒有疗效<a href="#cite_note-CochraneAR2005-71">[67]</a>。而且抗生素会扰乱体内菌群平衡，滥用抗生素会使细菌产生抗药性，因此在普通感冒中使用抗生素有负面作用，不過有时仍被作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%95%E6%96%B9%E8%97%A5" title="處方藥">处方</a>开出<a href="#cite_note-CochraneAR2005-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a>。造成抗生素使用氾濫的原因有幾個：人們把抗生素当作万灵药、醫師想滿足病患的期望、難以區別抗生素所帶來的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B5%E7%99%BC%E7%97%87" title="併發症">併發症</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a>。目前沒有有效的抗病毒的藥物可用於治療普通感冒，相关的药物正在研究中。<a href="#cite_note-AFP07-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC10-74">[70]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="替代療法">替代療法</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：替代療法">编辑</a>]</div> 雖然有許多替代療法用於治療普通感冒，但大多數都沒有足夠的科學證據來支持<a href="#cite_note-AFP07-11">[11]</a>。直到2010年，仍沒有足夠證據支持或推翻食用<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜">蜂蜜</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E8%85%94%E6%B2%96%E6%B4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻腔沖洗">鼻腔沖洗</a>能治療普通感冒的症狀<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a>。另外研究顯示如果在出現普通感冒症狀的24小時攝取鋅，可以減少普通感冒的持續時間和嚴重程度<a href="#cite_note-Zinc11-56">[53]</a>，但不同研究之間的差別頗大，可能需要進一步的分析，才能確定如何與何時服用是有效的<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0C" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素C">維生素C</a>的治療普通感冒的效果在大多數的研究是令人失望的，只有在特定情況如寒冷的環境中大量運動有效果<a href="#cite_note-Hemilä2010-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heimer2009-78">[74]</a>。關於<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E9%8C%90%E8%8A%B1%E5%B1%AC" title="紫錐花屬">紫錐菊</a>舒緩普通感冒症狀的效用結果也是不一致的<a href="#cite_note-CochE06-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a>。攝取不同類型的紫錐菊，其有效性可能會有所不同<a href="#cite_note-CochE06-79">[75]</a>。至於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%92%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="大蒜">大蒜</a>的療效也是個未知數<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a>。由於缺乏研究，也不能確定增加水分的攝取量是否可以改善普通感冒症狀或縮短呼吸系統疾病影響的時間<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a>；同樣地，使用加熱加濕的空氣的治療也缺乏證據佐證<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a>。不過卻有一項研究發現胸部<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3" title="蒸氣">蒸氣</a>按摩能有效地讓夜間咳嗽、鼻塞、睡眠困難等症狀獲得緩解<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="預後">預後</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：預後">编辑</a>]</div> 普通感冒通常溫和並有自癒性，大多數症狀一般會在一周內改善<a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a>。伴隨嚴重的併發症通常只發生在老年人或孩童等免疫功能較差的人身上<a href="#cite_note-CC11-85">[81]</a>。繼發性<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="細菌感染">細菌感染</a>可能會造成鼻竇炎、咽炎或<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E9%83%A8" title="耳部">耳</a>部感染的發生<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a>。根據統計，8%的普通感冒患者會有鼻竇炎的徵狀；30%的普通感冒患者會有耳部感染的情況<a href="#cite_note-CC12-87">[83]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="流行病學">流行病學</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：流行病學">编辑</a>]</div> 普通感冒是人類最常見的疾病<a href="#cite_note-CC11-85">[81]</a>，世界各地的人民均感染過<a href="#cite_note-Text2007-37">[35]</a>。成人通常每年會感染2～5次<a href="#cite_note-Eccles2005-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-CE11-8">[8]</a>；兒童感冒則可能感染6～10次，校園中的兒童更可能多達12次<a href="#cite_note-AFP07-11">[11]</a>。免疫力下降是隨著年紀增長造成感染普通感冒次數增加的主因<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> 雖然普通感冒在1950年代才被確立為一項明確的疾病，但普通感冒從古代就傳播在人類社群中<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a>。普通感冒的症狀和治療方法紀載在現存最古老醫書——<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F%E9%86%AB%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃伯斯氏醫書（页面不存在）">埃伯斯氏醫書</a>上，這本著作成書於西元前16<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="世紀">世紀</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>中的"catch cold"一詞在16世紀開始使用，因為其症狀與暴露在寒冷的天氣造成的症狀有相似性<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫學研究委員會（页面不存在）">醫學研究委員會</a>在1946年成立普通感冒研究單位，並於1956年發現鼻病毒<a href="#cite_note-CC14-92">[88]</a>；1970年代，普通感冒研究單位研究指出在鼻病毒的<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%BD%9C%E4%BC%8F%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病潜伏期">疾病潛伏期</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%93%BE%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="干擾素">干擾素</a>治療可以避免普通感冒相關疾病的產生<a href="#cite_note-pmid2438740-93">[89]</a>，但沒有實際的治療方式可以應用；到了1987年，研發出<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96%E9%85%B8%E9%94%8C" title="葡萄糖酸锌">葡萄糖酸鋅</a>口含片，可以預防和治療鼻病毒相關的症狀，也是這個單位唯一研發成功的療法<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a>。1989年7月普通感冒研究單位被關閉<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟影響">經濟影響</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：經濟影響">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg/300px-The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg/450px-The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg/600px-The_Cost_Of_The_Common_Cold_%26_Influenza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>一張英國<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>時期的海報，描述普通感冒所要成的損失<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a>。</figcaption></figure> 普通感冒對經濟的影響在大部分國家尚不明朗<a href="#cite_note-CC12-87">[83]</a>。以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>為例，每年因為普通感冒而就診的次數高達7500萬～1億次之間，所花費的金額高達77億美元。除此之外，為求症狀獲得舒緩，美國人每年花費29億美元購買非處方藥以及4億美元購買處方藥<a href="#cite_note-Frend03-97">[93]</a>。超過三分之一因普通感冒就診的病患會得到醫生開立的處方抗生素，意味著增加對抗生素產生抗生素抗性的風險<a href="#cite_note-Frend03-97">[93]</a>。孩童因為感染普通感冒而錯過的上學日每年約有2200萬～1億8900萬天。家長為了待在家裡照顧小孩也損失1億2600萬個工作天，另外損失的1億5000萬個工作天則是因為僱員罹患普通感冒而請假，佔了所有折損工作天的40%<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a>。與普通感冒相關的經濟損失每年高達200億美元<a href="#cite_note-NIAID2006-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Frend03-97">[93]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究">研究</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：研究">编辑</a>]</div> 許多抗病毒藥物都在進行測試，試圖找出有效治療普通感冒的藥物；然而，到了2009年仍沒有找到有效的抗病毒藥物<a href="#cite_note-CC10-74">[70]</a>。正在進行<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E5%BA%8A%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="臨床試驗">臨床試驗</a>的抗病毒的藥物有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E5%8F%AF%E9%82%A3%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普可那利（页面不存在）">普可那利</a>以及BTA-798，對於消除小核糖核酸病毒似乎有效果<a href="#cite_note-CC14-92">[88]</a>。不過口服的普可那利仍有安全上的問題，至於吸入式型態仍在研究中<a href="#cite_note-CC14-92">[88]</a>。另外，2009年時美國<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E5%B8%82%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" title="馬里蘭大學學院市分校">馬里蘭大學學院市分校</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E9%BA%A5%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%9C%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校">威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校</a>的研究人員將所有已知會引起普通感冒的<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%A0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="病毒株">病毒株</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84" title="基因組">基因組</a>描繪出來<a href="#cite_note-CTgov-99">[95]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋">注釋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：注釋">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" title="流行性感冒">流行性感冒</a>（influenza），簡稱流感（flu）。 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> 氣融膠的形式傳播 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> 英語中有catch cold一詞，即為抓住寒冷的意思 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> 屬於一種咳嗽藥 </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用">引用</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：引用">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ICD-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICD_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICD_1-1">1.1</a> World Health Organization (WHO, 世界卫生组织). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en?secondLanguageCode=zh#2066255370">CA00 Acute nasopharyngitis 急性鼻咽炎</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20240324124825/https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en?secondLanguageCode=zh#2066255370">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） // ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics 用于死因与疾病统计的ICD-11（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="国际疾病分类第十一次修订本">国际疾病分类第十一次修订本</a>）[DB/OL], 2019 (2024-01) [2024-07]. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book">John, Pramod R. John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_jWY8wOGEsC&pg=PA336">Textbook of Oral Medicine</a>. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2008: 336. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788180615627" title="Special:网络书源/9788180615627">ISBN 9788180615627</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529132044/https://books.google.com/books?id=8_jWY8wOGEsC&pg=PA336">存档</a>于2016-05-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.au=John%2C+Pramod+R.+John&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Oral+Medicine&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788180615627&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Jaypee+Brothers+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_jWY8wOGEsC%26pg%3DPA336&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-0">3.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-1">3.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-2">3.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-3">3.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-4">3.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-5">3.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-6">3.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-7">3.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-8">3.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-9">3.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015_3-10">3.10</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/features/rhinoviruses/">Common Colds: Protect Yourself and Others</a>. CDC. 2015-10-06 [2016-02-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205062000/http://www.cdc.gov/features/rhinoviruses/">存档</a>于2016-02-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Common+Colds%3A+Protect+Yourself+and+Others&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ffeatures%2Frhinoviruses%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Eccles2005-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-0">4.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-1">4.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-2">4.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-3">4.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-4">4.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-5">4.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-6">4.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-7">4.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-8">4.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-9">4.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eccles2005_4-10">4.10</a> <cite class="citation journal">Eccles R. Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005年11月, 5 (11): 718–25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16253889">PMID 16253889</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2805%2970270-X">doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70270-X</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+symptoms+of+the+common+cold+and+influenza&rft.au=Eccles+R&rft.date=2005-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Lancet+Infect+Dis&rft.pages=718-25&rft.volume=5&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2805%2970270-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16253889&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben2014-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ben2014_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ben2014_5-1">5.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BseNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA750">Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 750. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781455748013" title="Special:网络书源/9781455748013">ISBN 9781455748013</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184148/https://books.google.com/books?id=BseNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA750">存档</a>于2017-09-08） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.au=Blaser%2C+Martin+J.&rft.au=Dolin%2C+Raphael&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Practice+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781455748013&rft.pages=750&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBseNCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA750&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CMAJ2014-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CMAJ2014_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMAJ2014_6-1">6.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMAJ2014_6-2">6.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMAJ2014_6-3">6.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMAJ2014_6-4">6.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CMAJ2014_6-5">6.5</a> <cite class="citation journal">Allan, GM; Arroll, B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3928210">Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence.</a>. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2014-02-18, 186 (3): 190–99. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3928210">PMC 3928210</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24468694">PMID 24468694</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.121442">doi:10.1503/cmaj.121442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Prevention+and+treatment+of+the+common+cold%3A+making+sense+of+the+evidence.&rft.au=Arroll%2C+B&rft.aufirst=GM&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=CMAJ+%3A+Canadian+Medical+Association+Journal&rft.pages=190-99&rft.volume=186&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3928210&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3928210&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1503%2Fcmaj.121442&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24468694&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Heik2003-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heik2003_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heik2003_7-1">7.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heik2003_7-2">7.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">Heikkinen T, Järvinen A. 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January 2003, 361 (9351): 51–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12517470">PMID 12517470</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2803%2912162-9">doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=The+common+cold&rft.au=Heikkinen+T%2C+J%C3%A4rvinen+A&rft.date=2003-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9351&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.pages=51-9&rft.volume=361&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2803%2912162-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12517470&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CE11-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-1">8.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-2">8.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-3">8.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-4">8.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-5">8.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-6">8.6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE11_8-7">8.7</a> <cite class="citation journal">Arroll B. Common cold. Clinical evidence. 2011年3月, 2011 (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21406124">PMID 21406124</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Common+cold&rft.au=Arroll+B&rft.date=2011-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Clinical+evidence&rft.volume=2011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21406124&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NIH2016Zinc-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2016Zinc_9-0">9.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH2016Zinc_9-1">9.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional">Zinc– Fact Sheet for Health Professionals</a>. Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 2016-02-11 [2018-01-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210325180015/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/">存档</a>于2021-03-25）. <q>Although studies examining the effect of zinc treatment on cold symptoms have had somewhat conflicting results, overall zinc appears to be beneficial under certain circumstances.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.btitle=Zinc%E2%80%93+Fact+Sheet+for+Health+Professionals&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Office+of+Dietary+Supplements%2C+US+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fods.od.nih.gov%2Ffactsheets%2FZinc-HealthProfessional&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim2015-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kim2015_10-0">10.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim2015_10-1">10.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kim, SY; Chang, YJ; Cho, HM; Hwang, YW; Moon, YS. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the common cold. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-09-21, 9 (9): CD006362. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26387658">PMID 26387658</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD006362.pub4">doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006362.pub4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Non-steroidal+anti-inflammatory+drugs+for+the+common+cold&rft.au=Chang%2C+YJ&rft.au=Cho%2C+HM&rft.au=Hwang%2C+YW&rft.au=Moon%2C+YS&rft.aufirst=SY&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.pages=CD006362&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD006362.pub4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26387658&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP07-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFP07_11-0">11.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFP07_11-1">11.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFP07_11-2">11.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFP07_11-3">11.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFP07_11-4">11.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFP07_11-5">11.5</a> <cite class="citation journal">Simasek M, Blandino DA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070215/515.html">Treatment of the common cold</a>. American Family Physician. 2007, 75 (4): 515–20 [2012-09-14]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323712">PMID 17323712</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926230125/http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070215/515.html">存档</a>于2007-09-26） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+the+common+cold&rft.au=Simasek+M%2C+Blandino+DA&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.pages=515-20&rft.volume=75&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafp.org%2Fafp%2F20070215%2F515.html&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17323712&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015Full-12"><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Full_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/colds.html">Common Cold and Runny Nose</a> (17 April 2015). CDC. [2016-02-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201101449/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/colds.html">存档</a>于2016-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Common+Cold+and+Runny+Nose&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fgetsmart%2Fcommunity%2Ffor-patients%2Fcommon-illnesses%2Fcolds.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-E112-13"><a href="#cite_ref-E112_13-0">^</a> Eccles p. 112 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106173600/https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/coldflu.htm">Cold Versus Flu</a>. 2016-08-11 [2017-01-05]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/coldflu.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-01-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.btitle=Cold+Versus+Flu&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fflu%2Fabout%2Fqa%2Fcoldflu.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-E209-15"><a href="#cite_ref-E209_15-0">^</a> Eccles p. 209 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Harris, AM; Hicks, LA; Qaseem, A; High Value Care Task Force of the American College of Physicians and for the Centers for Disease Control and, Prevention. Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2016-01-19, 164 (6): 425–34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785402">PMID 26785402</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2FM15-1840">doi:10.7326/M15-1840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Appropriate+Antibiotic+Use+for+Acute+Respiratory+Tract+Infection+in+Adults%3A+Advice+for+High-Value+Care+From+the+American+College+of+Physicians+and+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.au=Hicks%2C+LA&rft.au=High+Value+Care+Task+Force+of+the+American+College+of+Physicians+and+for+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and%2C+Prevention&rft.au=Qaseem%2C+A&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.pages=425-34&rft.volume=164&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2FM15-1840&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26785402&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-E1-17"><a href="#cite_ref-E1_17-0">^</a> Eccles p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-Eccles_p._3-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Eccles_p._3_18-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Eccles, Ronald; Weber, Olaf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRIdiGE42IEC&pg=PA3">Common cold</a>. Basel: Birkhäuser. 2009: 3. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-7643-9894-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-7643-9894-1">ISBN 978-3-7643-9894-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508020931/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRIdiGE42IEC&pg=PA3">存档</a>于2016-05-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.au=Weber%2C+Olaf&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.aulast=Eccles&rft.btitle=Common+cold&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-7643-9894-1&rft.pages=3&rft.place=Basel&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrRIdiGE42IEC%26pg%3DPA3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_19-0">19.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_19-1">19.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFRonald_Eccles,_Olaf_Weber2009">Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber 2009</a>，第24頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRonald_Eccles,_Olaf_Weber2009">Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber 2009</a>，第26頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRonald_Eccles,_Olaf_Weber2009">Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber 2009</a>，第129頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRonald_Eccles,_Olaf_Weber2009">Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber 2009</a>，第50頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRonald_Eccles,_Olaf_Weber2009">Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber 2009</a>，第30頁 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF總主編_趙景春_平_芬_主編_郭志琴2003">總主編趙景春平芬主編郭志琴 2003</a>，第64頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREF總主編_趙景春_平_芬_主編_郭志琴2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF總主編_趙景春_平_芬_主編_郭志琴2003">總主編趙景春平芬主編郭志琴 2003</a>，第79頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREF總主編_趙景春_平_芬_主編_郭志琴2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Richard A. 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February 12, 2009 [2012-09-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426044933/http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/02/12/cold.genome/">存档</a>于2009-04-26） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.atitle=Genetic+map+of+cold+virus+a+step+toward+cure%2C+scientists+say&rft.au=Val+Willingham&rft.date=2009-02-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FHEALTH%2F02%2F12%2Fcold.genome%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="书籍">书籍</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：书籍">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Eccles,_Olaf_Weber2009" class="citation book">Ronald Eccles, Olaf Weber. Common Cold Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases. 美國紐約: Springer. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-7643-9894-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-7643-9894-1">ISBN 978-3-7643-9894-1</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.au=Ronald+Eccles%2C+Olaf+Weber&rft.btitle=Common+Cold+Birkh%C3%A4user+Advances+in+Infectious+Diseases&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-7643-9894-1&rft.place=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREF總主編：趙景春、平_芬；主編：郭志琴2003" class="citation book">總主編：趙景春、平芬；主編：郭志琴. 感冒. 中國河北省: 河北科學技術出版社. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-5375-2816-0" title="Special:网络书源/7-5375-2816-0">ISBN 7-5375-2816-0</a> （简体中文）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.au=%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E7%B7%A8%EF%BC%9A%E8%B6%99%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5%E3%80%81%E5%B9%B3+%E8%8A%AC%EF%BC%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%B7%A8%EF%BC%9A%E9%83%AD%E5%BF%97%E7%90%B4&rft.btitle=%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-5375-2816-0&rft.place=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81&rft.pub=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Common_cold" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Common cold">普通感冒</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國家醫學圖書館">美國國家醫學圖書館</a> <a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>醫學百科普通感冒<a class="external autonumber" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92#endnote_www.nlm.nih.gov.450">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/Common_Cold/">普通感冒</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/Common_Cold/">普通感冒</a>”</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0">分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12125" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/J00">J00</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="ICD-9编码列表">9-CM</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=460">460</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003139">D003139</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="疾病資料庫">DiseasesDB</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb31088.htm">31088</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snomed.info/id/82272006">82272006</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0">外部資源</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000678.htm">000678</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patient_UK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patient UK（页面不存在）">Patient UK</a>：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patient.info/doctor/upper-respiratory-infections-coryza">普通感冒</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/14px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/21px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/28px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:医学">医学主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/21px-Sida-aids.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/32px-Sida-aids.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/42px-Sida-aids.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="Portal:病毒">病毒主題</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="感染性疾病_–_非局部性的病毒感染症狀（A80–B34,_042–079）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:病毒性非局部疾病"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template talk:病毒性非局部疾病"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%9E%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:病毒性非局部疾病"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="感染性疾病_–_非局部性的病毒感染症狀（A80–B34,_042–079）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="感染">感染性疾病</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="病毒性疾病">非局部性的病毒感染症狀</a>（<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E6%9F%90%E4%BA%9B%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85" title="ICD-10 第一章：某些传染病和寄生虫病">A80–B34</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(001%E2%80%93139)" title="ICD-9编码列表 (001–139)">042–079</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%B4%E7%99%8C%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="致癌病毒（页面不存在）">致癌病毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncovirus" class="extiw" title="en:Oncovirus">Oncovirus</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="去氧核糖核酸病毒">去氧核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="乙型肝炎病毒">乙型肝炎病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%99%8C" title="肝細胞癌">肝細胞癌</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E4%B9%B3%E7%AA%81%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="人類乳突病毒">人類乳突病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AE%E9%A0%B8%E7%99%8C" title="子宮頸癌">子宮頸癌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%96%80%E7%99%8C" title="肛門癌">肛門癌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96%E7%99%8C" title="陰莖癌">陰莖癌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%98%B4%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="外阴肿瘤">外阴肿瘤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%81%93%E7%99%8C" title="阴道癌">阴道癌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E4%B9%B3%E7%AA%81%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E7%99%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類乳突病毒之口腔癌（页面不存在）">人類乳突病毒之口腔癌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV-positive_oropharyngeal_cancer" class="extiw" title="en:HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer">HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%B3%A2%E8%A5%BF%E8%82%89%E7%98%A4%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%B0%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡波西肉瘤相關性皰疹病毒（页面不存在）">KSHV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma-associated_herpesvirus" class="extiw" title="en:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus">Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B3%A2%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%8F%E8%82%89%E7%98%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="卡波西氏肉瘤">卡波西氏肉瘤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9E%8B" title="人類疱疹病毒第四型">人類疱疹病毒第四型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%92%BD%E7%99%8C" title="鼻咽癌">鼻咽癌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4" title="伯基特淋巴瘤">伯基特淋巴瘤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%A5%87%E9%87%91%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4" title="霍奇金淋巴瘤">霍奇金淋巴瘤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%BE%E6%B3%A1%E6%80%A7%E6%A8%B9%E7%AA%81%E7%8B%80%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%82%89%E7%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濾泡性樹突狀細胞肉瘤（页面不存在）">濾泡性樹突狀細胞肉瘤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_dendritic_cell_sarcoma" class="extiw" title="en:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma">Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E8%85%BA%E5%A4%96NK/T%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4%EF%BC%8C%E9%BC%BB%E8%85%94%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淋巴腺外NK/T細胞淋巴瘤，鼻腔型（页面不存在）">淋巴腺外NK/T細胞淋巴瘤，鼻腔型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extranodal_NK/T-cell_lymphoma,_nasal_type" class="extiw" title="en:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type">Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E5%85%8B%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%8F%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E7%99%8C%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默克麥克氏多元癌細胞病毒（页面不存在）">MCPyV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel_cell_polyomavirus" class="extiw" title="en:Merkel cell polyomavirus">Merkel cell polyomavirus</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E5%85%8B%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%B0%8F%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%99%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默克麥克氏細胞癌（页面不存在）">默克麥克氏細胞癌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel-cell_carcinoma" class="extiw" title="en:Merkel-cell carcinoma">Merkel-cell carcinoma</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="核糖核酸病毒">核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="丙型肝炎病毒">丙型肝炎病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%99%8C" title="肝細胞癌">肝細胞癌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%BE%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脾邊緣淋巴瘤（页面不存在）">脾邊緣淋巴瘤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenic_marginal_zone_lymphoma" class="extiw" title="en:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma">Splenic marginal zone lymphoma</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%97%9CT%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%83%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E4%B8%80%E5%9E%8B" title="人類嗜T淋巴球病毒一型">人類嗜T淋巴球病毒一型</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BAT%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%97%85/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成人T細胞白血病/淋巴瘤（页面不存在）">成人T細胞白血病/淋巴瘤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma" class="extiw" title="en:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma">Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫疾病（页面不存在）">免疫疾病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_disorder" class="extiw" title="en:Immune disorder">Immune disorder</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="人類免疫缺陷病毒">人類免疫缺陷病毒</a> (HIV) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a> AIDS</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中樞神經系統">中樞神經系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="病毒性脑炎">腦炎</a>/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%85%A6%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="病毒性腦膜炎（页面不存在）">腦膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_meningitis" class="extiw" title="en:Viral meningitis">Viral meningitis</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="去氧核糖核酸病毒">去氧核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JC_%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JC 病毒（页面不存在）">JC 病毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_virus" class="extiw" title="en:JC virus">JC virus</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%81%B6%E6%80%A7%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E8%84%91%E7%97%85" title="进行性多灶性白质脑病">进行性多灶性白质脑病</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="核糖核酸病毒">核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="麻疹病毒">MeV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E5%85%A8%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" title="亚急性硬化性全脑炎">亚急性硬化性全脑炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%83%E6%80%A7%E8%84%88%E7%B5%A1%E5%8F%A2%E8%85%A6%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淋巴球性脈絡叢腦膜炎（页面不存在）">LCV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis" class="extiw" title="en:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis">Lymphocytic choriomeningitis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%83%E6%80%A7%E8%84%88%E7%B5%A1%E5%8F%A2%E8%85%A6%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淋巴球性脈絡叢腦膜炎（页面不存在）">淋巴球性脈絡叢腦膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis" class="extiw" title="en:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis">Lymphocytic choriomeningitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%AB%E5%AA%92%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" title="虫媒病毒性脑炎">虫媒病毒性脑炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="正黏液病毒科">正黏液病毒科</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%85%A6%E7%82%8E" title="流行性腦炎">流行性腦炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E7%8A%AC%E7%97%85%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="狂犬病病毒">狂犬病病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E7%8A%AC%E7%97%85" title="狂犬病">狂犬病</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%B1%E8%BF%AA%E6%99%AE%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钱迪普病毒（页面不存在）">钱迪普病毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandipura_virus" class="extiw" title="en:Chandipura virus">Chandipura virus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%84%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="疱疹病毒性脑膜炎">疱疹病毒性腦膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviral_meningitis" class="extiw" title="en:Herpesviral meningitis">Herpesviral meningitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay-hunt%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E7%AC%AC2%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramsay-hunt綜合症第2型（页面不存在）">Ramsay-hunt綜合症第2型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsay_Hunt_syndrome_type_2" class="extiw" title="en:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2">Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%82%8E" title="脊髓炎">脊髓炎</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%81%B0%E8%B3%AA%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="脊髓灰質炎病毒">脊髓灰質炎病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%81%B0%E8%B3%AA%E7%82%8E" title="脊髓灰質炎">脊髓灰質炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%81%B0%E8%B3%AA%E7%82%8E%E5%BE%8C%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脊髓灰質炎後綜合徵（页面不存在）">脊髓灰質炎後綜合徵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-polio_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Post-polio syndrome">Post-polio syndrome</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%97%9CT%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%83%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E4%B8%80%E5%9E%8B" title="人類嗜T淋巴球病毒一型">人類嗜T淋巴球病毒一型</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E7%97%89%E6%8C%9B%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8B%E8%82%A2%E8%BD%BB%E7%98%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热带痉挛性下肢轻瘫（页面不存在）">热带痉挛性下肢轻瘫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_spastic_paraparesis" class="extiw" title="en:Tropical spastic paraparesis">Tropical spastic paraparesis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛">眼睛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%B1%AC" title="巨細胞病毒屬">巨細胞病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨細胞病毒性視網膜炎（页面不存在）">巨細胞病毒性視網膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_retinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Cytomegalovirus retinitis">Cytomegalovirus retinitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%BA%AF%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="单纯疱疹病毒">单纯疱疹病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼睛疱疹（页面不存在）">眼睛疱疹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_of_the_eye" class="extiw" title="en:Herpes of the eye">Herpes of the eye</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="心血管疾病">心血管疾病</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E8%96%A9%E5%A5%87B%E5%9E%8B%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯薩奇B型病毒（页面不存在）">CBV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie_B_virus" class="extiw" title="en:Coxsackie B virus">Coxsackie B virus</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%8C%85%E7%82%8E" title="心包炎">心包炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%82%8C%E7%82%8E" title="心肌炎">心肌炎</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a>/ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">普通感冒</a>/ <a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="病毒性肺炎">病毒性肺炎</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="去氧核糖核酸病毒">去氧核糖核酸病毒</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9E%8B" title="人類疱疹病毒第四型">人類疱疹病毒第四型</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EBV%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EBV感染（页面不存在）">EBV感染</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus_infection" class="extiw" title="en:Epstein–Barr virus infection">Epstein–Barr virus infection</a>）/<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E6%80%A7%E5%96%AE%E6%A0%B8%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83%E5%A2%9E%E5%A4%9A%E7%97%87" title="傳染性單核白血球增多症">傳染性單核白血球增多症</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%B1%AC" title="巨細胞病毒屬">巨細胞病毒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="核糖核酸病毒">核糖核酸病毒</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="冠状病毒">冠状病毒</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92229E" title="人類冠狀病毒229E">229E病毒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92OC43" title="人類冠狀病毒OC43">OC43病毒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92NL63" title="人類冠狀病毒NL63">NL63病毒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92HKU1" title="人類冠狀病毒HKU1">HKU1病毒</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">普通感冒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%921%E5%9E%8B" title="嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒1型">嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒1型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症">嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症疫情">疫情</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="中東呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒">中東呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="中東呼吸綜合症">中東呼吸綜合症</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="中東呼吸綜合症疫情">疫情</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%922%E5%9E%8B" title="嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒2型">嚴重急性呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒2型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85" title="2019冠状病毒病">2019冠状病毒病</a> · <a href="/wiki/2019%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" class="mw-redirect" title="2019新型冠狀病毒疫情">疫情</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="正黏液病毒科">正黏液病毒科</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="甲型流感病毒">甲型流感病毒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="乙型流感病毒">乙型流感病毒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="丙型流感病毒">丙型流感病毒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="丁型流感病毒">丁型流感病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" title="流行性感冒">流行性感冒</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BD%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F" title="禽流感">禽流感</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="副黏液病毒科">副黏液病毒科</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%89%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類副流感病毒（页面不存在）">人類副流感病毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_parainfluenza_viruses" class="extiw" title="en:Human parainfluenza viruses">Human parainfluenza viruses</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%89%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類副流感病毒（页面不存在）">人類副流感病毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_parainfluenza_viruses" class="extiw" title="en:Human parainfluenza viruses">Human parainfluenza viruses</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="人類呼吸道合胞病毒">人類呼吸道合胞病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%81%8F%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="人類偏肺病毒">人類偏肺病毒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="腮腺炎病毒">腮腺炎病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E" title="流行性腮腺炎">流行性腮腺炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%B1%AC" title="巨細胞病毒屬">巨細胞病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨細胞病毒性食道炎（页面不存在）">巨細胞病毒性食道炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_esophagitis" class="extiw" title="en:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis">Cytomegalovirus esophagitis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%83%83%E7%82%8E" title="腸胃炎">腸胃炎</a>/ <a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%83%83%E7%82%8E" title="腸胃炎">腹瀉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="去氧核糖核酸病毒">去氧核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="腺病毒科">腺病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="腺病毒感染">腺病毒感染</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="核糖核酸病毒">核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="輪狀病毒">輪狀病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A6%82%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="诺如病毒">诺如病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%A7%91" title="星狀病毒科">星狀病毒科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="冠状病毒">冠状病毒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="肝炎">肝炎</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="去氧核糖核酸病毒">去氧核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="乙型肝炎病毒">乙型肝炎病毒</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="乙型肝炎">B</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="核糖核酸病毒">核糖核酸病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E8%96%A9%E5%A5%87B%E5%9E%8B%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯薩奇B型病毒（页面不存在）">CBV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie_B_virus" class="extiw" title="en:Coxsackie B virus">Coxsackie B virus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="甲型肝炎">甲型肝炎</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="甲型肝炎">A</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="丙型肝炎病毒">HCV</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="丙型肝炎">C</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="丁型肝炎">丁型肝炎</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="丁型肝炎">D</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E型肝炎病毒（页面不存在）">HEV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E_virus" class="extiw" title="en:Hepatitis E virus">Hepatitis E virus</a>） (<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="戊型肝炎">E</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="庚型肝炎">庚型肝炎</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="庚型肝炎">G</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E" title="胰腺炎">胰腺炎</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E8%96%A9%E5%A5%87B%E5%9E%8B%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯薩奇B型病毒（页面不存在）">CBV</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie_B_virus" class="extiw" title="en:Coxsackie B virus">Coxsackie B virus</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="泌尿生殖系统">泌尿生殖系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BK_%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BK 病毒（页面不存在）">BK 病毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_virus" class="extiw" title="en:BK virus">BK virus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="腮腺炎病毒">腮腺炎病毒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E" title="流行性腮腺炎">流行性腮腺炎</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="呼吸系統病理学（J，460–519），呼吸系统疾病" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Respiratory_pathology" title="Template:Respiratory pathology"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Respiratory_pathology" title="Template talk:Respiratory pathology"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Respiratory_pathology" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Respiratory pathology"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="呼吸系統病理学（J，460–519），呼吸系统疾病" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="病理学">病理学</a>（<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="ICD-10 第十章：呼吸系统疾病">J</a>，<a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(460%E2%80%93519)" title="ICD-9编码列表 (460–519)">460–519</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="呼吸系统疾病">呼吸系统疾病</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">上呼吸道</a> （包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="上呼吸道感染">上呼吸道感染</a>、 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">普通感冒</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4" title="头">頭部</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%AB%87" title="鼻竇">鼻竇</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%AB%87%E7%82%8E" title="鼻竇炎">鼻竇炎</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB" title="鼻">鼻</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E7%82%8E" title="鼻炎">鼻炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7%E9%BC%BB%E7%82%8E" title="血管运动性鼻炎">血管运动性鼻炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE%E6%80%A7%E9%BC%BB%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慢性萎縮性鼻炎（页面不存在）">萎縮性鼻炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_atrophic_rhinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Chronic atrophic rhinitis">Chronic atrophic rhinitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E6%80%A7%E9%BC%BB%E7%82%8E" title="過敏性鼻炎">過敏性鼻炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E6%81%AF%E8%82%89" title="鼻息肉">鼻息肉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E6%BC%8F" title="鼻漏">鼻漏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%94" title="鼻中隔">鼻中隔</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%BB%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%94%E5%81%8F%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼻中隔偏曲（页面不存在）">鼻中隔偏曲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septum_deviation" class="extiw" title="en:Nasal septum deviation">Nasal septum deviation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%BB%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%94%E7%A9%BF%E5%AD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼻中隔穿孔（页面不存在）">鼻中隔穿孔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septum_perforation" class="extiw" title="en:Nasal septum perforation">Nasal septum perforation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%BB%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%94%E8%A1%80%E8%85%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼻中隔血腫（页面不存在）">鼻中隔血腫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_septal_hematoma" class="extiw" title="en:Nasal septal hematoma">Nasal septal hematoma</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E6%A1%83%E8%85%BA" title="扁桃腺">扁桃腺</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E6%A1%83%E9%AB%94%E7%82%8E" title="扁桃體炎">扁桃體炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E6%A0%B7%E4%BD%93%E8%82%A5%E5%A4%A7" title="腺样体肥大">腺样体肥大</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%81%E6%A1%83%E9%AB%94%E5%91%A8%E8%86%BF%E8%85%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扁桃體周膿腫（页面不存在）">扁桃體周膿腫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonsillar_abscess" class="extiw" title="en:Peritonsillar abscess">Peritonsillar abscess</a>）（PTA）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%B8" title="頸">頸部</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E7%82%8E" title="咽炎">咽炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BE%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%92%BD%E7%82%8E" title="链球菌性咽炎">链球菌性咽炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81" title="咽喉反流">咽喉反流</a>（LPR）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%BE%8C%E8%86%BF%E8%85%AB" title="咽後膿腫">咽後膿腫</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89" title="喉">喉頭</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AE%E5%90%BC" title="哮吼">義膜性喉炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%89%E9%A0%AD%E8%BB%9F%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喉頭軟化（页面不存在）">喉頭軟化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngomalacia" class="extiw" title="en:Laryngomalacia">Laryngomalacia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E5%9B%8A%E8%85%AB" title="喉囊腫">喉囊腫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E7%82%8E" title="喉炎">喉頭炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81" title="咽喉反流">咽喉反流</a>（LPR）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%89%E7%97%99%E6%94%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喉痙攣（页面不存在）">喉痙攣</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngospasm" class="extiw" title="en:Laryngospasm">Laryngospasm</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="声带">声带</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81" title="咽喉反流">咽喉反流</a>（LPR）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E7%B5%90%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲帶結節（页面不存在）">聲帶結節</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_fold_nodule" class="extiw" title="en:Vocal fold nodule">Vocal fold nodule</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲帶麻痺（页面不存在）">聲帶麻痺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cord_paresis" class="extiw" title="en:Vocal cord paresis">Vocal cord paresis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲帶功能異常（页面不存在）">聲帶功能異常</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cord_dysfunction" class="extiw" title="en:Vocal cord dysfunction">Vocal cord dysfunction</a>）（VCD）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E5%9B%8A%E8%85%AB" title="聲帶囊腫">聲帶囊腫</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%8C" title="会厌">会厌</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E5%8E%AD%E7%82%8E" title="會厭炎">會厭炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E5%9B%8A%E8%85%AB" title="喉囊腫">會厭谿囊腫</a>（會厭谷囊腫/會厭囊腫）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="氣管">氣管</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="气管炎">气管炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%8B%B9%E7%AA%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣管狹窄（页面不存在）">氣管狹窄</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_stenosis" class="extiw" title="en:Tracheal stenosis">Tracheal stenosis</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">下呼吸道</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="呼吸系统疾病">肺病</a> （包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="下呼吸道感染">下呼吸道感染</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="支氣管">支氣管</a>/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阻塞性肺病（页面不存在）">阻塞性肺病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/obstructive_lung_disease" class="extiw" title="en:obstructive lung disease">obstructive lung disease</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>急性: <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="急性支氣管炎">急性支氣管炎</a></li></ul> <ul><li>慢性: <a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="慢性阻塞性肺病">慢性阻塞性肺病</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="支气管炎">慢性支氣管炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E7%99%BC%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慢性支氣管炎急性發作（页面不存在）">慢性支氣管炎急性發作</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_exacerbations_of_chronic_bronchitis" class="extiw" title="en:Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis">Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E7%99%BC%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慢性阻塞性肺病急性發作（页面不存在）">慢性阻塞性肺病急性發作</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_exacerbation_of_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E6%B0%A3%E8%85%AB" title="肺氣腫">肺氣腫</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98" title="哮喘">哮喘</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E9%87%8D%E7%97%87%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="急性重症哮喘（页面不存在）">急性重症哮喘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_severe_asthma" class="extiw" title="en:Acute severe asthma">Acute severe asthma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B8%E5%8C%B9%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8D%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿司匹林加重呼吸道疾病（页面不存在）">阿司匹林加重呼吸道疾病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin_exacerbated_respiratory_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease">Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease</a>）（AERD）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%98%E7%99%BC%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="運動誘發哮喘（页面不存在）">運動誘發哮喘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise-induced_asthma" class="extiw" title="en:Exercise-induced asthma">Exercise-induced asthma</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5" title="支氣管擴張">支氣管擴張</a></li></ul> <ul><li>未指定分類: <a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="支气管炎">支气管炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B0%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="細支氣管炎（页面不存在）">細支氣管炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiolitis" class="extiw" title="en:Bronchiolitis">Bronchiolitis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%86%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="闭塞性细支气管炎">闭塞性细支气管炎</a>（OB）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%B0%E6%BC%AB%E6%80%A7%E6%B3%9B%E7%B4%B0%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E" title="瀰漫性泛細支氣管炎">瀰漫性泛細支氣管炎</a>（DPB）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="間質性肺病">間質性</a>/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="限制性肺病（页面不存在）">限制性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictive_lung_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Restrictive lung disease">Restrictive lung disease</a>） （<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="間質性肺病">纖維化</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">外部媒介/ <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E7%97%85" title="职业病">職業性</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="職業性肺病（页面不存在）">肺病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_lung_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Occupational lung disease">Occupational lung disease</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="塵肺病">肺塵病</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%B6%BF%E6%B2%89%E6%BB%AF%E7%97%87" title="石綿沉滯症">石棉肺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%87%E5%A1%B5%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋇塵肺（页面不存在）">鋇塵肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritosis" class="extiw" title="en:Baritosis">Baritosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E9%87%A9%E5%9C%9F%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵釩土纖維化（页面不存在）">鐵釩土纖維化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite_fibrosis" class="extiw" title="en:Bauxite fibrosis">Bauxite fibrosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B9%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈹肺病（页面不存在）">鈹肺病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berylliosis" class="extiw" title="en:Berylliosis">Berylliosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%9E%E9%A2%A8%E6%BF%95%E5%A1%B5%E8%82%BA%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="類風濕塵肺綜合症（页面不存在）">類風濕塵肺綜合症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caplan%27s_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Caplan's syndrome">Caplan's syndrome</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E6%9C%AB%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石末肺（页面不存在）">石末肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalicosis" class="extiw" title="en:Chalicosis">Chalicosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A4%E7%A4%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%BA%E5%A1%B5%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="煤礦工人肺塵病（页面不存在）">煤礦工人肺塵病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalworker%27s_pneumoconiosis" class="extiw" title="en:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis">Coalworker's pneumoconiosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%90%B5%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鐵肺病（页面不存在）">鐵肺病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderosis" class="extiw" title="en:Siderosis">Siderosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="塵肺病">矽肺病</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E7%9F%B3%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑石肺（页面不存在）">滑石肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_talcosis" class="extiw" title="en:Pulmonary talcosis">Pulmonary talcosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%BF%E5%B1%91%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="綿屑肺（页面不存在）">綿屑肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byssinosis" class="extiw" title="en:Byssinosis">Byssinosis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="過敏性肺炎（页面不存在）">過敏性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity_pneumonitis" class="extiw" title="en:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis">Hypersensitivity pneumonitis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%94%97%E5%A1%B5%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蔗塵肺（页面不存在）">蔗塵肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagassosis" class="extiw" title="en:Bagassosis">Bagassosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A4%8A%E9%B3%A5%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="養鳥人肺（页面不存在）">養鳥人肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_fancier%27s_lung" class="extiw" title="en:Bird fancier's lung">Bird fancier's lung</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91%E8%82%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農民肺（页面不存在）">農民肺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer%27s_lung" class="extiw" title="en:Farmer's lung">Farmer's lung</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%8B%83%E8%8F%8C%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬勃菌病（页面不存在）">馬勃菌病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycoperdonosis" class="extiw" title="en:Lycoperdonosis">Lycoperdonosis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%AA%98%E8%BF%AB%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="急性呼吸窘迫症候群">急性呼吸窘迫症候群</a>（ARDS）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E6%B0%B4%E8%85%AB" title="肺水腫">肺水腫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E6%B5%B8%E6%BD%A4" title="肺浸潤">肺浸潤</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%97%9C%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嗜酸細胞性肺炎（页面不存在）">嗜酸細胞性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilic_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Eosinophilic pneumonia">Eosinophilic pneumonia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="即發性過敏反應">即發性過敏反應</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E6%80%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E8%82%BA%E9%BA%B4%E8%8F%8C%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="過敏性支氣管肺麴菌症（页面不存在）">過敏性支氣管肺麴菌症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_bronchopulmonary_aspergillosis" class="extiw" title="en:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis">Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis</a>）（ABPA）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="急性間質性肺炎">急性間質性肺炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E5%8C%96" title="特发性肺纤维化">特发性肺纤维化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%8A%82%E7%97%85" title="结节病">结节病</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">阻塞性或 限制性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按病原體分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="病毒性肺炎">病毒性肺炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="细菌性肺炎">细菌性肺炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肺炎球菌感染（页面不存在）">肺炎球菌感染</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_infection" class="extiw" title="en:Pneumococcal infection">Pneumococcal infection</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克雷伯桿菌肺炎（页面不存在）">克雷伯桿菌肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klebsiella_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Klebsiella pneumonia">Klebsiella pneumonia</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%9E%8B%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="非典型肺炎">非典型細菌性肺炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E6%9E%9D%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94" title="肺炎枝原體">黴漿菌性肺炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%E7%97%85" title="军团病">军团病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E5%8E%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%B1%AC" title="衣原體屬">衣原體肺炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真菌性肺炎（页面不存在）">真菌性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Fungal pneumonia">Fungal pneumonia</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E5%9B%8A%E8%9F%B2%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺囊蟲肺炎">肺囊蟲肺炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%9F%B2%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寄生蟲感染性肺炎（页面不存在）">寄生蟲感染性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Parasitic pneumonia">Parasitic pneumonia</a>）</li> <li>非傳染性肺炎 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學性肺炎（页面不存在）">化學性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Chemical pneumonia">Chemical pneumonia</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BA%E9%83%A8%E9%85%B8%E5%90%B8%E5%85%A5%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肺部酸吸入綜合症（页面不存在）">肺部酸吸入綜合症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelson%27s_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Mendelson's syndrome">Mendelson's syndrome</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E5%85%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="吸入性肺炎">吸入性肺炎</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BA%E8%84%82%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肺脂性肺炎（页面不存在）">肺脂性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Lipid pneumonia">Lipid pneumonia</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按載體/路線分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社區肺炎（页面不存在）">社區肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community-acquired_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Community-acquired pneumonia">Community-acquired pneumonia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E7%85%A7%E8%AD%B7%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫療照護相關肺炎（页面不存在）">醫療照護相關肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare-associated_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Healthcare-associated pneumonia">Healthcare-associated pneumonia</a>）（HAP）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%A2%E5%85%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="院內肺炎（页面不存在）">院內肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Hospital-acquired pneumonia">Hospital-acquired pneumonia</a>）（HAP）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按分佈分類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">支氣管肺炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%91%89%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大葉性肺炎（页面不存在）">大葉性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobar_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Lobar pneumonia">Lobar pneumonia</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="特發性間質性肺炎">特發性間質性肺炎</a>（IIP）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E5%9E%8B%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普通型間質性肺炎（页面不存在）">普通型間質性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usual_interstitial_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Usual interstitial pneumonia">Usual interstitial pneumonia</a>）（UIP）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%AB%E5%B1%91%E6%80%A7%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脫屑性間質性肺炎（页面不存在）">脫屑性間質性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desquamative_interstitial_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Desquamative interstitial pneumonia">Desquamative interstitial pneumonia</a>）（DIP）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%B4%B0%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E%E4%BC%B4%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阻塞性細支氣管炎伴機化性肺炎（页面不存在）">阻塞性細支氣管炎伴機化性肺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchiolitis_obliterans_organizing_pneumonia" class="extiw" title="en:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia">Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia</a>）（BOOP-COP）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%B9%E7%95%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="非特異性間質性肺炎">非特異性間質性肺炎</a>（NSIP）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E6%80%A7%E7%B4%B0%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E%E4%BC%B4%E9%96%93%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呼吸性細支氣管炎伴間質性肺病（页面不存在）">呼吸性細支氣管炎伴間質性肺病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_bronchiolitis_interstitial_lung_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease">Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease</a>）（RB）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BA%E4%B8%8D%E5%BC%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肺不張（页面不存在）">肺不張</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelectasis" class="extiw" title="en:Atelectasis">Atelectasis</a>）</li> <li>循環相關 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E9%AB%98%E5%A3%93" title="肺高壓">肺動脈高血壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E6%A0%93%E5%A1%9E" title="肺栓塞">肺栓塞</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BA%E8%86%BF%E8%85%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肺膿腫（页面不存在）">肺膿腫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_abscess" class="extiw" title="en:Lung abscess">Lung abscess</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%86%9C%E8%85%94" title="胸膜腔">胸膜腔</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%B1%E8%86%88" title="縱膈">縱膈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B8%E8%86%9C%E8%85%94%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胸膜腔疾病（页面不存在）">胸膜腔疾病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Pleural disease">Pleural disease</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="胸膜炎">胸膜炎</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%83%B8" title="氣胸">氣胸</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%A3%E8%83%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="血氣胸（页面不存在）">血氣胸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemopneumothorax" class="extiw" title="en:Hemopneumothorax">Hemopneumothorax</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%94%E7%A7%AF%E6%B6%B2" title="胸腔积液">胸腔积液</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%83%B8" title="血胸">血胸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%83%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水胸（页面不存在）">水胸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothorax" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrothorax">Hydrothorax</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%9C%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%B4%E8%83%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乳糜性水胸（页面不存在）">乳糜性水胸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chylothorax" class="extiw" title="en:Chylothorax">Chylothorax</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BF%E8%83%B8" title="膿胸">膿胸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A1%E6%80%A7%E8%83%B8%E8%85%94%E7%A9%8D%E6%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惡性胸腔積液（页面不存在）">惡性胸腔積液</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_pleural_effusion" class="extiw" title="en:Malignant pleural effusion">Malignant pleural effusion</a>）</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E8%83%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纖維胸（页面不存在）">纖維胸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrothorax" class="extiw" title="en:Fibrothorax">Fibrothorax</a>）</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%B1%E8%86%88" title="縱膈">縱隔疾病</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%B1%E9%9A%94%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="縱隔炎（页面不存在）">縱隔炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Mediastinitis">Mediastinitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%B1%E9%9A%94%E6%B0%A3%E8%85%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="縱隔氣腫（页面不存在）">縱隔氣腫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumomediastinum" class="extiw" title="en:Pneumomediastinum">Pneumomediastinum</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他/一般性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD" title="呼吸衰竭">呼吸衰竭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" title="流行性感冒">流行性感冒</a>（flu）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症">严重急性呼吸道综合征</a>（SARS）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85" title="2019冠状病毒病">2019冠状病毒病</a>（COVID-19）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E5%90%AB%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E9%BB%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B2%89%E7%A9%8D%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特發性肺含鐵血黃素沉積症（页面不存在）">特發性肺含鐵血黃素沉積症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_pulmonary_haemosiderosis" class="extiw" title="en:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis">Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis</a>）（IPH）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E6%B3%A1%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%80%E7%97%87" title="肺泡蛋白沉着症">肺泡蛋白沉積症</a>（PAP）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:MistyRose;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template:医学导航">医学导航</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="呼吸系统">呼吸系统</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:white;;width:10em;"><div> 解剖(<a href="/wiki/Template:Nose_anatomy" title="Template:Nose anatomy">n</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Larynx_anatomy" title="Template:Larynx anatomy">x</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lower_respiratory_system_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lower respiratory system anatomy（页面不存在）">l</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Thoracic_cavity" title="Template:Thoracic cavity">c</a>)/<a href="/wiki/Template:Respiratory_physiology" title="Template:Respiratory physiology">生理</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Development_of_respiratory_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Development of respiratory system（页面不存在）">发育</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef;;;text-align:center;background:silver;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:Respiratory_pathology" title="Template:Respiratory pathology">病理</a>(<a href="/wiki/Template:Common_cold" title="Template:Common cold">c</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Pneumonia" title="Template:Pneumonia">p</a>)/<a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_respiratory_system" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system">先天</a>/<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" title="Template:呼吸道肿瘤">肿瘤</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Respiratory_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Respiratory system symptoms and signs">症状</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_respiratory_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for respiratory system（页面不存在）">人名体征</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Chest_trauma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Chest trauma（页面不存在）">创伤</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" 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class="new" title="Template:Other respiratory system products（页面不存在）">7</a>) </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <a 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