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Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test. Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test.(pp. 348-359)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336105/10_Why_Do_Large_Mothers_Produce_Large_Offspring_Theory_and_a_Test_Why_Do_Large_Mothers_Produce_Large_Offspring_Theory_and_a_Test_pp_348_359_">10. Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test. Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test.(pp. 348-359)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/HopiHoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SachaVignieri">Sacha Vignieri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13336105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13336105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13336105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13336105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13336105]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13336105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13336105']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13336105, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13336105]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13336105,"title":"10. 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data-work-id="13336093"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336093/The_Strength_of_Phenotypic_Selection_in_Natural_Populations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45452943/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336093/The_Strength_of_Phenotypic_Selection_in_Natural_Populations">The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/HopiHoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SachaVignieri">Sacha Vignieri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The American Naturalist</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d905f0e33f1a4e96480824e19eb18ada" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45452943,"asset_id":13336093,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45452943/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection"},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history"},{"id":30626,"name":"Phenotypic selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotypic_selection"},{"id":40422,"name":"Natural Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Selection"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":151890,"name":"Selection Gradient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selection_Gradient"},{"id":171933,"name":"Statistical Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Power"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size"},{"id":508491,"name":"Mating Success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Success"},{"id":537813,"name":"Natural 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populations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45453008/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336090/Adaptive_basis_of_geographic_variation_genetic_phenotypic_and_environmental_differences_among_beach_mouse_populations">Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/HopiHoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SachaVignieri">Sacha Vignieri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="558cc098f77c1baa08af035c9998f182" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45453008,"asset_id":13336090,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45453008/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13336090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13336090"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13336090; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13336090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13336090]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13336090; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13336090']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + 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WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13336090,"title":"Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"A major goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how and why populations differentiate, both genetically and phenotypically, as they invade a novel habitat. A classical example of adaptation is the pale colour of beach mice, relative to their dark mainland ancestors, which colonized the isolated sandy dunes and barrier islands on Florida's Gulf Coast. However, much less is known about differentiation among the Gulf Coast beach mice, which comprise five subspecies linearly arrayed on Florida's shoreline. Here, we test the role of selection in maintaining variation among these beach mouse subspecies at multiple levels-phenotype, genotype and the environments they inhabit. While all beach subspecies have light pelage, they differ significantly in colour pattern. These subspecies are also genetically distinct: pair-wise F ST -values range from 0.23 to 0.63 and levels of gene flow are low. However, we did not find a correlation between phenotypic and genetic distance. Instead, we find a significant association between the average 'lightness' of each subspecies and the brightness of the substrate it inhabits: the two most genetically divergent subspecies occupy the most similar habitats and have converged on phenotype, whereas the most genetically similar subspecies occupy the most different environments and have divergent phenotypes. Moreover, allelic variation at the pigmentation gene, Mc1r, is statistically correlated with these colour differences but not with variation at other genetic loci. Together, these results suggest that natural selection for camouflage-via changes in Mc1r allele frequency-contributes to pigment differentiation among beach mouse subspecies.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":45453008},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13336090/Adaptive_basis_of_geographic_variation_genetic_phenotypic_and_environmental_differences_among_beach_mouse_populations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-26T20:13:42.680-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32576317,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1657898,"work_id":13336090,"tagging_user_id":32576317,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":505023,"email":"s***i@ucsd.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Sacha Vignieri","title":"Adaptive 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14778817"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778817/Population_Structure_as_Revealed_by_mtDNA_and_Microsatellites_in_Northern_Fur_Seals_Callorhinus_ursinus_throughout_Their_Range"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43902511/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778817/Population_Structure_as_Revealed_by_mtDNA_and_Microsatellites_in_Northern_Fur_Seals_Callorhinus_ursinus_throughout_Their_Range">Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47306e9d1337eb19cee072b1a103b8b4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43902511,"asset_id":14778817,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43902511/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14778817"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14778817"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14778817; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14778817]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14778817]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47306e9d1337eb19cee072b1a103b8b4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14778817]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14778817,"title":"Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Background: The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus; NFS) is a widely distributed pinniped that has been shown to exhibit a high degree of philopatry to islands, breeding areas on an island, and even to specific segments of breeding areas. This level of philopatry could conceivably lead to highly genetically divergent populations. However, northern fur seals have the potential for dispersal across large distances and have experienced repeated rapid population expansions following glacial retreat and the more recent cessation of intensive harvest pressure.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLoS ONE","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":43902511},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14778817/Population_Structure_as_Revealed_by_mtDNA_and_Microsatellites_in_Northern_Fur_Seals_Callorhinus_ursinus_throughout_Their_Range","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-08-08T23:20:49.251-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":33741511,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":4425505,"work_id":14778817,"tagging_user_id":33741511,"tagged_user_id":21918621,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***y@gmail.com","affiliation":"Dalhousie 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14778816"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778816/Responses_to_olfactory_stimuli_in_spotted_hyenas_Crocuta_crocuta_I_Investigation_of_environmental_odors_and_the_function_of_rolling"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. Investigation of environmental odors and the function of rolling" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778816/Responses_to_olfactory_stimuli_in_spotted_hyenas_Crocuta_crocuta_I_Investigation_of_environmental_odors_and_the_function_of_rolling">Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. Investigation of environmental odors and the function of rolling</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Comparative Psychology</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), yet there are no controlled studies of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), yet there are no controlled studies of their reactions to odors. In Experiment 1, the authors examined responses of captive hyenas to various environmental (prey, nonprey animal, and plant) odors. Subjects approached and sniffed all odors equally but preferentially licked prey odors, scent marked next to odors, and rolled in animal-based odors. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the function of rolling by applying odors to the pelts of captive hyenas. When hyenas wore carrion, they gained positive social attention (increased investigation and allogrooming) from pen mates, but when they wore camphor, the normal social greeting ceremony was curtailed. Thus, olfactory stimuli elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is directed, and can be used to affect social interaction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14778816"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14778816"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14778816; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14778816]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14778816]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14778816; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='14778816']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14778816, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14778816]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14778816,"title":"Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. 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Thus, olfactory stimuli elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is directed, and can be used to affect social interaction.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), yet there are no controlled studies of their reactions to odors. In Experiment 1, the authors examined responses of captive hyenas to various environmental (prey, nonprey animal, and plant) odors. Subjects approached and sniffed all odors equally but preferentially licked prey odors, scent marked next to odors, and rolled in animal-based odors. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the function of rolling by applying odors to the pelts of captive hyenas. When hyenas wore carrion, they gained positive social attention (increased investigation and allogrooming) from pen mates, but when they wore camphor, the normal social greeting ceremony was curtailed. Thus, olfactory stimuli elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is directed, and can be used to affect social interaction.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14778816/Responses_to_olfactory_stimuli_in_spotted_hyenas_Crocuta_crocuta_I_Investigation_of_environmental_odors_and_the_function_of_rolling","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-08-08T23:20:49.147-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":33741511,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":4425504,"work_id":14778816,"tagging_user_id":33741511,"tagged_user_id":32388424,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***n@berkeley.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Stephen E Glickman","title":"Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13336073"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336073/THE_SELECTIVE_ADVANTAGE_OF_CRYPSIS_IN_MICE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of THE SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE OF CRYPSIS IN MICE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45453012/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336073/THE_SELECTIVE_ADVANTAGE_OF_CRYPSIS_IN_MICE">THE SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE OF CRYPSIS IN MICE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/HopiHoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SachaVignieri">Sacha Vignieri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Evolution</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9b0896f79bfe31f8dd9b81930669f74d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45453012,"asset_id":13336073,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45453012/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13336073"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13336073"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13336073; 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(2005)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778814/Mistaken_view_of_taxonomic_validity_undermines_conservation_of_an_evolutionarily_distinct_mouse_a_response_to_Ramey_et_al_2005_">Mistaken view of taxonomic validity undermines conservation of an evolutionarily distinct mouse: a response to Ramey et al. 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However, the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Directional selection is a major force driving adaptation and evo- lutionary change. However, the distribution, strength, and tempo of phenotypic selection acting on quantitative traits in natural populations remain unclear across different study systems. We reviewed the literature (1984 -1997) that reported the strength of directional selection as indexed by standardized linear selection gradients (b). 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Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test. Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test.(pp. 348-359)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336105/10_Why_Do_Large_Mothers_Produce_Large_Offspring_Theory_and_a_Test_Why_Do_Large_Mothers_Produce_Large_Offspring_Theory_and_a_Test_pp_348_359_">10. Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? Theory and a Test. Why Do Large Mothers Produce Large Offspring? 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data-work-id="13336093"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336093/The_Strength_of_Phenotypic_Selection_in_Natural_Populations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45452943/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336093/The_Strength_of_Phenotypic_Selection_in_Natural_Populations">The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/HopiHoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SachaVignieri">Sacha Vignieri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The American Naturalist</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d905f0e33f1a4e96480824e19eb18ada" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45452943,"asset_id":13336093,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45452943/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjcxMTE4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span 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_.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d905f0e33f1a4e96480824e19eb18ada" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13336093]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13336093,"title":"The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2001,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The American Naturalist","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":45452943},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13336093/The_Strength_of_Phenotypic_Selection_in_Natural_Populations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-26T20:13:42.976-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32576317,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1657896,"work_id":13336093,"tagging_user_id":32576317,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":505023,"email":"s***i@ucsd.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Sacha Vignieri","title":"The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural Populations"},{"id":1657902,"work_id":13336093,"tagging_user_id":32576317,"tagged_user_id":33741511,"co_author_invite_id":505024,"email":"s***i@oeb.harvard.edu","display_order":4194304,"name":"Sacha Vignieri","title":"The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural 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Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection"},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history"},{"id":30626,"name":"Phenotypic selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotypic_selection"},{"id":40422,"name":"Natural Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Selection"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":151890,"name":"Selection Gradient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selection_Gradient"},{"id":171933,"name":"Statistical Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Power"},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size"},{"id":508491,"name":"Mating Success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mating_Success"},{"id":537813,"name":"Natural Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Variation"},{"id":543432,"name":"Exponential distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exponential_distribution"},{"id":547589,"name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Trait_Loci"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13336090"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336090/Adaptive_basis_of_geographic_variation_genetic_phenotypic_and_environmental_differences_among_beach_mouse_populations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45453008/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13336090/Adaptive_basis_of_geographic_variation_genetic_phenotypic_and_environmental_differences_among_beach_mouse_populations">Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/HopiHoekstra">Hopi Hoekstra</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SachaVignieri">Sacha Vignieri</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</span><span>, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="558cc098f77c1baa08af035c9998f182" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45453008,"asset_id":13336090,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45453008/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjcxMTE4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13336090"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13336090,"title":"Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"A major goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how and why populations differentiate, both genetically and phenotypically, as they invade a novel habitat. A classical example of adaptation is the pale colour of beach mice, relative to their dark mainland ancestors, which colonized the isolated sandy dunes and barrier islands on Florida's Gulf Coast. However, much less is known about differentiation among the Gulf Coast beach mice, which comprise five subspecies linearly arrayed on Florida's shoreline. Here, we test the role of selection in maintaining variation among these beach mouse subspecies at multiple levels-phenotype, genotype and the environments they inhabit. While all beach subspecies have light pelage, they differ significantly in colour pattern. These subspecies are also genetically distinct: pair-wise F ST -values range from 0.23 to 0.63 and levels of gene flow are low. However, we did not find a correlation between phenotypic and genetic distance. Instead, we find a significant association between the average 'lightness' of each subspecies and the brightness of the substrate it inhabits: the two most genetically divergent subspecies occupy the most similar habitats and have converged on phenotype, whereas the most genetically similar subspecies occupy the most different environments and have divergent phenotypes. Moreover, allelic variation at the pigmentation gene, Mc1r, is statistically correlated with these colour differences but not with variation at other genetic loci. Together, these results suggest that natural selection for camouflage-via changes in Mc1r allele frequency-contributes to pigment differentiation among beach mouse subspecies.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":45453008},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13336090/Adaptive_basis_of_geographic_variation_genetic_phenotypic_and_environmental_differences_among_beach_mouse_populations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-26T20:13:42.680-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32576317,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1657898,"work_id":13336090,"tagging_user_id":32576317,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":505023,"email":"s***i@ucsd.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Sacha Vignieri","title":"Adaptive 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14778817"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778817/Population_Structure_as_Revealed_by_mtDNA_and_Microsatellites_in_Northern_Fur_Seals_Callorhinus_ursinus_throughout_Their_Range"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/43902511/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778817/Population_Structure_as_Revealed_by_mtDNA_and_Microsatellites_in_Northern_Fur_Seals_Callorhinus_ursinus_throughout_Their_Range">Population Structure as Revealed by mtDNA and Microsatellites in Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus, throughout Their Range</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47306e9d1337eb19cee072b1a103b8b4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":43902511,"asset_id":14778817,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43902511/download_file?st=MTczMjcxMTE4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjcxMTE4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14778816"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778816/Responses_to_olfactory_stimuli_in_spotted_hyenas_Crocuta_crocuta_I_Investigation_of_environmental_odors_and_the_function_of_rolling"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. Investigation of environmental odors and the function of rolling" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778816/Responses_to_olfactory_stimuli_in_spotted_hyenas_Crocuta_crocuta_I_Investigation_of_environmental_odors_and_the_function_of_rolling">Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. Investigation of environmental odors and the function of rolling</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Comparative Psychology</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), yet there are no controlled studies of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), yet there are no controlled studies of their reactions to odors. In Experiment 1, the authors examined responses of captive hyenas to various environmental (prey, nonprey animal, and plant) odors. Subjects approached and sniffed all odors equally but preferentially licked prey odors, scent marked next to odors, and rolled in animal-based odors. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the function of rolling by applying odors to the pelts of captive hyenas. When hyenas wore carrion, they gained positive social attention (increased investigation and allogrooming) from pen mates, but when they wore camphor, the normal social greeting ceremony was curtailed. Thus, olfactory stimuli elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is directed, and can be used to affect social interaction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14778816"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14778816"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14778816; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14778816]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14778816]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14778816; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='14778816']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14778816, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14778816]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14778816,"title":"Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. 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Thus, olfactory stimuli elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is directed, and can be used to affect social interaction.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Comparative Psychology"},"translated_abstract":"Olfaction is crucial to spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), yet there are no controlled studies of their reactions to odors. In Experiment 1, the authors examined responses of captive hyenas to various environmental (prey, nonprey animal, and plant) odors. Subjects approached and sniffed all odors equally but preferentially licked prey odors, scent marked next to odors, and rolled in animal-based odors. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the function of rolling by applying odors to the pelts of captive hyenas. When hyenas wore carrion, they gained positive social attention (increased investigation and allogrooming) from pen mates, but when they wore camphor, the normal social greeting ceremony was curtailed. Thus, olfactory stimuli elicit specific responses, influence where behavior is directed, and can be used to affect social interaction.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14778816/Responses_to_olfactory_stimuli_in_spotted_hyenas_Crocuta_crocuta_I_Investigation_of_environmental_odors_and_the_function_of_rolling","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-08-08T23:20:49.147-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":33741511,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":4425504,"work_id":14778816,"tagging_user_id":33741511,"tagged_user_id":32388424,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***n@berkeley.edu","display_order":0,"name":"Stephen E Glickman","title":"Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta): I. 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(2005)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14778814/Mistaken_view_of_taxonomic_validity_undermines_conservation_of_an_evolutionarily_distinct_mouse_a_response_to_Ramey_et_al_2005_">Mistaken view of taxonomic validity undermines conservation of an evolutionarily distinct mouse: a response to Ramey et al. 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However, the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Directional selection is a major force driving adaptation and evo- lutionary change. However, the distribution, strength, and tempo of phenotypic selection acting on quantitative traits in natural populations remain unclear across different study systems. We reviewed the literature (1984 -1997) that reported the strength of directional selection as indexed by standardized linear selection gradients (b). 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