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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oblasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oblasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Oblasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oblasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucrania_meridional" title="Ucrania meridional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ucrania meridional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_du_Sud" title="Ukraine du Sud – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ukraine du Sud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucraina_meridionale" title="Ucraina meridionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ucraina meridionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Південна Україна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південна Україна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Ukraina" title="Nam Ukraina – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam Ukraina" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="南烏克蘭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南烏克蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Southern oblasts of Ukraine</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Ukr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Southern_Ukr.png/220px-Southern_Ukr.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Southern_Ukr.png/330px-Southern_Ukr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Southern_Ukr.png/440px-Southern_Ukr.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Several oblasts can be referred to as "south":<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ed1b24; color:black;"> </span> Red – always included</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7c6300; color:white;"> </span> Brown – often included</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Southern Ukraine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Південна Україна</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Pivdenna Ukraina</i></span>) refers, generally, to the territories in the South of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. </p><p>The territory usually corresponds with the Soviet economical district, the Southern Economical District of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">region</a> is completely integrated with a marine and shipbuilding industry. </p><p>Southern Ukraine was <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invaded</a> by the Russian military on February 24, 2022, turning parts of the region into a <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">major theatre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region primarily corresponds to the former <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Governorate" title="Kherson Governorate">Kherson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taurida_Governorate" title="Taurida Governorate">Taurida</a>, and most of the <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav_Governorate" title="Yekaterinoslav Governorate">Yekaterinoslav Governorates</a> which spanned across the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> after the Russian-Ottoman Wars of <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%9374)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)">1768–74</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%9392)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)">1787–92</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis" title="Kurgan hypothesis">Kurgan hypothesis</a> places the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_steppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic steppes">Pontic steppes</a> of Ukraine and southern Russia as the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_homeland" title="Linguistic homeland">linguistic homeland</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a> is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region has been inhabited for centuries by various nomadic tribes, such as <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif/220px-Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif/330px-Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif/440px-Crimean_Khanate_1600.gif 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a> in about 1600. Note that the areas marked <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Muscovy</a> were claimed rather than administered.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the 18th century, the territory known as the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Fields" title="Wild Fields">Wild Fields</a> (as translated from Polish or Ukrainian) was dominated by Ukrainian Cossack community better known as <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a> and the realm of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogai</a> minions that was a union state of the bigger <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Crimean%E2%80%93Nogai_slave_raids_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe">Crimean–Nogai slave raids</a> caused considerable devastation and depopulation in the area before the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Encroachment of Muscovy (today Russia) in the region started after the 16th century after its expansion along <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> river after the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Moscow-Kazan wars</a> and conquest of <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>. Further expansion continued also with <a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Moscow-Lithuania armed clashes</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif/220px-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif/330px-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif/440px-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B01727-1768.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption>Ukraine in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>With start of the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> within <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in middle of 17th century, Muscovy on pretence of the eastern Orthodoxy protection further expanded its influence down south over Cossack communities of Pontic steppes (lower Don and lower Dnieper) and the Crimean Khan domains. </p><p>At the end of 17th century a native Kyivan, bishop <a href="/wiki/Theophan_Prokopovich" title="Theophan Prokopovich">Theophan Prokopovych</a> came up with the idea of <a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">all-Russian nation</a> referring to the old Rus state founder of which <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great" title="Vladimir the Great">Volodymyr the Great</a> was baptized and accepted Byzantine Christianity (today known as <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersoneses</a> of Taurida (today in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>). </p><p>In 1686 there was signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perpetual_Peace_(1686)" title="Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686)">Treaty of Perpetual Peace</a> between Muscovy and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, after which Muscovy took control over the <a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left-bank Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> with outskirts. </p><p>In 18th century there was built <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_line" title="Ukrainian line">Ukrainian line</a> and lands of earlier destroyed <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a> were resettled by Serbs creating territories of <a href="/wiki/New_Serbia_(historical_province)" title="New Serbia (historical province)">New Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovianoserbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovianoserbia">Slovianoserbia</a>. </p><p>At the end of 18th century following the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Jassy" title="Treaty of Jassy">treaty of Jassy</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Ochakiv" title="Ochakiv">Ochakiv</a> Region, area of today's Odesa and Mykolaiv oblasts), the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> assumed full control of the northern <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG/220px-Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG/330px-Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG/440px-Russians_Ukraine_2001.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Ukraine" title="Russians in Ukraine">Russians</a> by region (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Census_(2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Census (2001)">Census 2001</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruslangsup2001.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ruslangsup2001.PNG/220px-Ruslangsup2001.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ruslangsup2001.PNG/330px-Ruslangsup2001.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ruslangsup2001.PNG/440px-Ruslangsup2001.PNG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Inhabitants with <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian</a> as mother tongue by region (Census 2001)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Hellenization_of_Pontic_littoral">Russian Hellenization of Pontic littoral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Russian Hellenization of Pontic littoral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Russian-Ottoman Wars of the second half of 18th century (<a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%9374)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)">1768–74</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%9392)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)">1787–92</a>) and acquisition of all territory of modern southern Ukraine, number of settlements and cities with Turkic or other names in region were renamed in Greek or Russian manner. </p> <ul><li>Acidere → <a href="/wiki/Ovidiopol" title="Ovidiopol">Ovidiopol</a></li> <li>Hacıbey → <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li> <li>Orel Sloboda (Catherinine sconce) → Olviopol (today <a href="/wiki/Pervomaisk,_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast">Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv Oblast</a>)</li> <li>Domakha → <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> (by Balaklava Greeks from outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Bakhchysarai" title="Bakhchysarai">Bakhchysarai</a>)</li> <li>Bilehowisce (Alexander sconce) → <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li>Aqyar → Sebastopol (today <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>)</li> <li>Kezlev → <a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Yevpatoria</a></li> <li>Kiz-yar → Novo-alexandrovka (Novo-olexandrivka) Sloboda → Melitopol</li> <li>Caffa (Kefe) → Theodosia (today <a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Feodosia</a>)</li> <li>Aqmescit → <a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></li> <li>Mykytyn Rih → Slaviansk → <a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Ukraine" title="Nikopol, Ukraine">Nikopol</a></li> <li>Usivka (Bečej sconce) → Alexandria (today <a href="/wiki/Oleksandriia" title="Oleksandriia">Oleksandriia</a>)</li> <li>Sucleia (Sredinnaya fortress) → <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> (in Moldova)</li> <li>Czorna → <a href="/wiki/Grigoriopol" title="Grigoriopol">Grigoriopol</a> (in Moldova)</li></ul> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> any trace of Crimean Tatar toponymy was predominantly removed in Crimea and Kherson Oblast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> is spoken by a significant minority in the region, although not to the extent that it is in the three oblasts that comprise eastern Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-SerhyYUBoaMN_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SerhyYUBoaMN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effective in August 2012, <a href="/wiki/Legislation_on_languages_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislation on languages in Ukraine">a new law on regional languages</a> entitles any local language spoken by at least a 10% minority be declared official within that area.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within weeks Russian was declared as a regional language in several southern and eastern oblasts and cities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian could then be used in these cities/oblasts' administrative office work and documents.<sup id="cite_ref-NewUklang2892012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewUklang2892012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 February 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukrainian parliament</a> voted to repeal the law on regional languages, which would have made Ukrainian the sole state language at all levels even in southern and eastern Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCRLLout_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCRLLout-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This vote was vetoed by acting <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">President Turchynov</a> on March 2.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless the law was repealed by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Ukraine" title="Constitutional Court of Ukraine">Constitutional Court of Ukraine</a> on 28 February 2018 when it ruled the law unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noticeable cultural differences in the region (compared with the rest of Ukraine, except <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">eastern Ukraine</a>) are more "positive views" of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian language</a><sup id="cite_ref-RatingJuly12_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RatingJuly12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a><sup id="cite_ref-KIISS1313_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KIISS1313-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more "negative views" of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">1991 Ukrainian independence referendum</a>, a lower percentage of the total electorate voted for independence in eastern and southern Ukraine than in the rest of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-ESlower_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESlower-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png/220px-Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png/330px-Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png/440px-Ukraine_KIIS-Regional-division2.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) geographic division of Ukraine used in their polls.</figcaption></figure> <p>In a poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> in the first half of February 2014, 19.4% of those polled in southern Ukraine believed "Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> must unite into a single state"; nationwide this percentage was 12.5.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">elections</a> voters of the southern (and eastern) <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">oblasts</a> (provinces) of Ukraine vote for the parties (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>) and the presidential candidates (<a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>) with a <a href="/wiki/Pro-Russian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Russian">pro-Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a> platform.<sup id="cite_ref-EWparties_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWparties-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Umland_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umland-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electorate of the CPU and the Party of Regions was very loyal to them.<sup id="cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But following the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a> the Party of Regions collapsed<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Communist Party was banned and declared illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Chartreuse; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2272.175778494px; border-left-color:Indigo"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Indigo"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Indigo"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1323.7769652808px; border-left-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 932.64236482217px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 718.81801016266px; border-left-color:Turquoise"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Turquoise"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Turquoise"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 202.51256191925px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.858316112863px 24.868988716485px 0 0; border-top-color:Orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orchid"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in south Ukraine (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-Razumkov2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Razumkov2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orchid; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> (71.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> Not religious (21.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Turquoise; color:black;"> </span> Simply <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (5.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholicism</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Indigo; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Chartreuse; color:black;"> </span> Others (0.5%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to a 2016 survey of <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">religion in Ukraine</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Razumkov Center">Razumkov Center</a>, around 65.7% of the population of southern Ukraine declared to be believers in any religion, while 7.4% declared to be non-believers, and 3.2% declared to be <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Razumkov2016_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Razumkov2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the study also found that 77.6% of the total southern Ukraine population declared to be <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (71.0% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>, 5.1% simply Christians, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a>, 0.53% members of various <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> churches, 0.5% members of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a>), and 0.5% were <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>. Not religious and other believers not identifying with any of the listed major religious institutions constituted about 24.7% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Razumkov2016_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Razumkov2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oblasts">Oblasts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oblasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Oblast</th> <th>Area in km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Population<br />(Census 2001)</th> <th>Population<br />(1 Jan. 2012) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a></td> <td align="right">33,313</td> <td align="right">2,469,057</td> <td align="right">2,388,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></td> <td align="right">24,585</td> <td align="right">1,264,743</td> <td align="right">1,178,223 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast" title="Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></td> <td align="right">28,461</td> <td align="right">1,175,122</td> <td align="right">1,083,367 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk Oblast</a></td> <td align="right">31,923</td> <td align="right">3,561,224</td> <td align="right">3,320,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></td> <td align="right">27,183</td> <td align="right">1,929,171</td> <td align="right">1,791,668 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total excluding <br /> Crimea and Sevastopol</b></td> <td align="right"><i>145,465</i></td> <td align="right"><i>10,399,317</i></td> <td align="right"><i>9,761,854</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Crimea</a></td> <td align="right">26,080</td> <td align="right">2,033,736</td> <td align="right">1,963,008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (city)</td> <td align="right">864</td> <td align="right">379,492</td> <td align="right">381,234 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total including <br /> Crimea and Sevastopol</b></td> <td align="right"><i>172,409</i></td> <td align="right"><i>12,812,545</i></td> <td align="right"><i>12,106,096</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Kirovohrad_Oblast" title="Kirovohrad Oblast">Kirovohrad Oblast</a> is more often associated with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Ukraine" title="Central Ukraine">Central Ukraine</a>. Also Crimea (with Sevastopol City) is reviewed sometimes as a unique region. According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a>, south Ukraine was considered to consist of the territory of the former <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Governorate" title="Kherson Governorate">Kherson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taurida_Governorate" title="Taurida Governorate">Taurida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav_Governorate" title="Yekaterinoslav Governorate">Yekaterinoslav Governorates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Ukraine" title="Central Ukraine">Central Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_Ukraine" title="Dnieper Ukraine">Dnieper Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Fields" title="Wild Fields">Wild Fields</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBalter2015" class="citation journal cs1">Balter, Michael (13 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/mysterious-indo-european-homeland-may-have-been-steppes-ukraine-and-russia">"Mysterious Indo-European homeland may have been in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia"</a>. <i>Science</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Mysterious+Indo-European+homeland+may+have+been+in+the+steppes+of+Ukraine+and+Russia&rft.date=2015-02-13&rft.aulast=Balter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fmysterious-indo-european-homeland-may-have-been-steppes-ukraine-and-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaakLazaridisPattersonRohland2015" class="citation journal cs1">Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei (2015-06-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>522</b> (7555): 207–211. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.02783">1502.02783</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.522..207H">2015Natur.522..207H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature14317">10.1038/nature14317</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5048219">5048219</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25731166">25731166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Massive+migration+from+the+steppe+was+a+source+for+Indo-European+languages+in+Europe&rft.volume=522&rft.issue=7555&rft.pages=207-211&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.522..207H&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1502.02783&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature14317&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25731166&rft.aulast=Haak&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Lazaridis%2C+Iosif&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft.au=Mallick%2C+Swapan&rft.au=Llamas%2C+Bastien&rft.au=Brandt%2C+Guido&rft.au=Nordenfelt%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Harney%2C+Eadaoin&rft.au=Stewardson%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Fu%2C+Qiaomei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5048219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubtelny2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Orest_Subtelny" title="Orest Subtelny">Subtelny, Orest</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0"><i>Ukraine: A History</i></a></span>. University of Toronto Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0/page/105">105</a>–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802083900" title="Special:BookSources/0802083900"><bdi>0802083900</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/940596634">940596634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+A+History&rft.pages=105-106&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F940596634&rft.isbn=0802083900&rft.aulast=Subtelny&rft.aufirst=Orest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fukrainehistory00subt_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SerhyYUBoaMN-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SerhyYUBoaMN_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Serhy_Yekelchyk" title="Serhy Yekelchyk">Serhy Yekelchyk</a> <i>Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (2007), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530546-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530546-3">978-0-19-530546-3</a>, page 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/yanukovych-signs-language-bill-into-law-311230.html">Yanukovych signs language bill into law</a>. Retrieved 2012-09-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/russian-spreads-like-wildfires-in-dry-ukrainian-forest-311949.html">Russian spreads like wildfires in dry Ukrainian forest</a>. Retrieved 2012-09-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewUklang2892012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewUklang2892012_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/romanian-becomes-regional-language-in-bila-tserkva-in-zakarpattia-region-313373.html">Romanian becomes regional language in Bila Tserkva in Zakarpattia region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (24 September 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCRLLout-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCRLLout_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26312008">Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (23 February 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraynor2014" class="citation news cs1">Traynor, Ian (24 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/23/ukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia">"Western nations scramble to contain fallout from Ukraine crisis"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Western+nations+scramble+to+contain+fallout+from+Ukraine+crisis&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fukraine-crisis-western-nations-eu-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer2014" class="citation news cs1">Kramer, Andrew (2 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/03/world/europe/ukraine-turns-to-its-oligarchs-for-political-help.html">"Ukraine Turns to Its Oligarchs for Political Help"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Turns+to+Its+Oligarchs+for+Political+Help&rft.date=2014-03-02&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-turns-to-its-oligarchs-for-political-help.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/2412584-constitutional-court-declares-unconstitutional-language-law-of-kivalovkolesnichenko.html">Constitutional Court declares unconstitutional language law of Kivalov-Kolesnichenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (28 February 2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RatingJuly12-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RatingJuly12_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratinggroup.com.ua/en/products/politic/data/entry/14004/">The language question, the results of recent research in 2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociological_group_%22RATING%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociological group "RATING"">RATING</a> (25 May 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/poll-over-half-of-ukrainians-against-granting-official-status-to-russian-language-318212.html">"Poll: Over half of Ukrainians against granting official status to Russian language - Dec. 27, 2012"</a>. 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poll%3A+Over+half+of+Ukrainians+against+granting+official+status+to+Russian+language+-+Dec.+27%2C+2012&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fpoll-over-half-of-ukrainians-against-granting-official-status-to-russian-language-318212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouthern+Ukraine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KIISS1313-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KIISS1313_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kiis.com.ua/?lang=eng&cat=reports&id=140&page=1">Ставлення населення України до постаті Йосипа Сталіна <i>Attitude population Ukraine to the figure of Joseph Stalin</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> (1 March 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/sep/21/whos-afraid-ukrainian-history/">Who’s Afraid of Ukrainian History?</a> by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy D. Snyder">Timothy D. Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a> (21 September 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESlower-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESlower_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F_QMCypjpXwC&pg=PA128">Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(historian)" title="Andrew Wilson (historian)">Andrew Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521574579" title="Special:BookSources/0521574579">0521574579</a> (page 128)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Katchanovski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Katchanovski (page does not exist)">Ivan Katchanovski</a>. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2010/Katchanovski.pdf">Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine</a> Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, June 1–3, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=eng&cat=reports&id=236&page=1">How relations between Ukraine and Russia should look like? Public opinion polls’ results</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> (4 March 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWparties-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EWparties_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA396">Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe</a> by <a href="/wiki/Uwe_Backes" title="Uwe Backes">Uwe Backes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Moreau_(political_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Moreau (political scientist) (page does not exist)">Patrick Moreau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandenhoeck_%26_Ruprecht" title="Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht">Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht</a>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-36912-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-36912-8">978-3-525-36912-8</a> (page 396)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Umland-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Umland_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/andreas-umland/ukraine-right-wing-politics-is-genie-out-of-bottle">Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy.net" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDemocracy.net">openDemocracy.net</a> (January 3, 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39981">Eight Reasons Why Ukraine’s Party of Regions Will Win the 2012 Elections</a> by <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jamestown_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jamestown Foundation">The Jamestown Foundation</a> (17 October 2012)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taraskuzio.net/media20_files/8.pdf">UKRAINE: Yushchenko needs Tymoshenko as ally again</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515074305/http://www.taraskuzio.net/media20_files/8.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Analytica" title="Oxford Analytica">Oxford Analytica</a> (5 October 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/politics/2015/09/150915_nash_kray_local_election_vc">"Revival" "our land": Who picks up the legacy of "regionals"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a> (16 September 2015)<br /><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.tyzhden.ua/publication/147658">Party of Regions: Snake return</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> (2 October 2015)<br /><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2015/10/22/7085788/">Activists noticed that most ex-Regions are on lists of Poroshenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (22 October 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news/27270864.html">Symonenko: Communists will go to elections as part of "Nova Derzhava" party (Симоненко: комуністи підуть на вибори у складі партії «Нова держава»)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Liberty">Radio Liberty</a>. 25 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Razumkov2016-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Razumkov2016_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Razumkov2016_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Razumkov2016_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf">РЕЛІГІЯ, ЦЕРКВА, СУСПІЛЬСТВО І ДЕРЖАВА: ДВА РОКИ ПІСЛЯ МАЙДАНУ (<i>Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after Maidan</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422181327/http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2016 report by <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Razumkov Center">Razumkov Center</a> in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27-29.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Ukraine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\S\O\SouthernUkraine.htm">South Ukraine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Historical_regions_in_present-day_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ukrainian_historical_regions" title="Template:Ukrainian historical regions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ukrainian_historical_regions" title="Template talk:Ukrainian historical regions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian_historical_regions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian historical regions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_regions_in_present-day_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_in_present-day_Ukraine" title="Historical regions in present-day Ukraine">Historical regions in present-day Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographical regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Ukraine" title="Central Ukraine">Central Ukraine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_Ukraine" title="Dnieper Ukraine">Dnieper Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left-bank Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Right-bank Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polesia" title="Polesia">Polissia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severia" title="Severia">Siveria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvbas" title="Kryvbas">Kryvbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pryazovia" title="Pryazovia">Pryazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_(region)" title="Zaporizhzhia (region)">Zaporizhzhia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Southern Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budjak" title="Budjak">Budjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedisan" title="Yedisan">Yedisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Land" title="Chełm Land">Chełm Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Halychyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertsa_region" title="Hertsa region">Hertsa region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodomeria" title="Lodomeria">Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddnistrianshchyna" title="Naddnistrianshchyna">Naddnistrianshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Maramure%C8%99" title="Northern Maramureș">Northern Maramorshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolia" title="Podolia">Podolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokuttia" title="Pokuttia">Pokuttia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prykarpattia" title="Prykarpattia">Prykarpattia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States and tribes of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a><br />and the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ono%C4%9Furs" class="mw-redirect" title="Onoğurs">Onoğurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazarig" title="Kazarig">Kazarig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Avar Khaganate">Avar Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Great_Bulgaria" title="Old Great Bulgaria">Old Great Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenia" title="Ruthenia">Ruthenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principalities of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kyivan Rus'</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Chernigov" title="Principality of Chernigov">Chernigov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Halych" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Halych">Halych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Novgorod-Seversk" title="Principality of Novgorod-Seversk">Novhorod-Seversk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Terebovlia" title="Principality of Terebovlia">Terebovlia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Turov" title="Principality of Turov">Turov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Pereyaslavl" title="Principality of Pereyaslavl">Pereyaslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Volhynia" title="Principality of Volhynia">Volhynia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Post-Mongol era</a> regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro" title="Principality of Theodoro">Principality of Theodoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ruthenia" title="Red Ruthenia">Red Ruthenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherven_Cities" title="Cherven Cities">Cherven Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian</a> regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belz_Voivodeship" title="Belz Voivodeship">Belz Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brac%C5%82aw_Voivodeship" title="Bracław Voivodeship">Bracław Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_Voivodeship" title="Chernihiv Voivodeship">Chernihiv Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Voivodeship">Kyiv Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolian_Voivodeship" title="Podolian Voivodeship">Podolian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Voivodeship" title="Ruthenian Voivodeship">Ruthenian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volhynian_Voivodeship_(1569%E2%80%931795)" title="Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)">Volhynian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Fields" title="Wild Fields">Wild Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Ukraine" title="Ottoman Ukraine">Ottoman Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube Vilayet">Danube Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefe_Eyalet" title="Kefe Eyalet">Kefe Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolia_Eyalet" title="Podolia Eyalet">Podolia Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra_Eyalet" title="Silistra Eyalet">Silistra Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedisan" title="Yedisan">Yedisan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossack</a> regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Right-bank Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left-bank Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russia" title="Little Russia">Little Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial Russian</a> regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Cossack_Host" title="Black Sea Cossack Host">Black Sea Cossack Host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Krai" title="Southwestern Krai">Southwestern Krai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Military_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Military District">Kyiv Military District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Governorate">Kyiv Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volhynian_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Volhynian Governorate">Volhynian Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolia_Governorate" title="Podolia Governorate">Podolia Governorate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Governorate" title="Bessarabia Governorate">Bessarabia Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkov_Governorate" title="Kharkov Governorate">Kharkov Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Governorate_(1708%E2%80%9364)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Governorate (1708–64)">Kyiv Governorate (1708–64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Serbia_(historical_province)" title="New Serbia (historical province)">New Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavo-Serbia" title="Slavo-Serbia">Slavo-Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russia_Governorate_(1764%E2%80%931781)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Russia Governorate (1764–1781)">Little Russia Governorate (1764–1781)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russia_Governorate_(1796%E2%80%931802)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Russia Governorate (1796–1802)">Little Russia Governorate (1796–1802)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volhynian_Viceroyalty" title="Volhynian Viceroyalty">Volhynian Viceroyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava_Governorate" title="Poltava Governorate">Poltava Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_Governorate" title="Chernihiv Governorate">Chernihiv Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholm_Governorate_(Russian_Empire)" title="Kholm Governorate (Russian Empire)">Kholm Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkov_Governorate" title="Kharkov Governorate">Kharkov Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurida_Governorate" title="Taurida Governorate">Taurida Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_Governorate" title="Novorossiya Governorate">Novorossiya Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterinoslav_Governorate" title="Yekaterinoslav Governorate">Yekaterinoslav Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_Governorate" title="Kherson Governorate">Kherson Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolayev_War_Governorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolayev War Governorate (page does not exist)">Nikolayev War Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradonachalstvo" title="Gradonachalstvo">Gradonachalstvo</a> <ul><li>Odessa</li> <li>Izmail</li> <li>Nikolayev</li> <li>Sevastopol</li> <li>Feodosia</li> <li>Kerch-Yenikale</li> <li>Yalta</li> <li>Taganrog</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bukovina" title="Duchy of Bukovina">Duchy of Bukovina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th-century regions and states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemko_Republic" title="Lemko Republic">Lemko Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutsul_Republic" title="Hutsul Republic">Hutsul Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drohobych_Oblast" title="Drohobych Oblast">Drohobych Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmail_Oblast" title="Izmail Oblast">Izmail Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Oblast">Crimean Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Voivodeship" title="Lwów Voivodeship">Lviv Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnopol_Voivodeship" title="Tarnopol Voivodeship">Ternopil Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82y%C5%84_Voivodeship_(1921%E2%80%931939)" title="Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)">Volyn Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%C3%B3w_Voivodeship" title="Stanisławów Voivodeship">Stanyslaviv Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Subcarpathia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorate of Subcarpathia">Governorate of Subcarpathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv Governorate">Kharkiv Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Galicia" title="District of Galicia">Distrikt Galizien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_in_present-day_Ukraine#Traditional_regions" title="Historical regions in present-day Ukraine">Ethno-Ukrainian regions abroad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Ukraine" title="Green Ukraine">Green Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Ukraine" title="Grey Ukraine">Grey Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban" title="Kuban">Kuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemko_Region" title="Lemko Region">Lemko Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99" title="Maramureș">Southern Maramorshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1ov" title="Prešov">Priashiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_(river)" title="San (river)">Sian River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ukraine" title="Yellow Ukraine">Yellow Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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