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id="toc-Iraq_War_study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_War_study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Iraq War study </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War_study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Report_on_climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Report_on_climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Report on climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Report_on_climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="#After_the_2020_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1.3 After the 2020 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_2020_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calls_with_Chinese_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calls_with_Chinese_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1.4 Calls with Chinese general </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calls_with_Chinese_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meeting_on_nuclear_launch_procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meeting_on_nuclear_launch_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1.5 Meeting on nuclear launch procedure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_on_nuclear_launch_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1.6 Additional actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biden_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biden_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Biden administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biden_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defense_of_non-partisan_military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_of_non-partisan_military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.1 Defense of non-partisan military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_of_non-partisan_military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_from_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_from_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.2 Threats from Trump </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_from_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawal_from_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.3 Withdrawal from Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal_from_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actions_of_the_second_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actions_of_the_second_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Actions of the second Trump administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actions_of_the_second_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_deployments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_deployments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Operational deployments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_deployments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Service summary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Dates of rank </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Summary of assignments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Awards and decorations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Civilian career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Publications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button 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<main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mark Milley</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" > 24 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="مارك ميلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارك ميلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mark A. Milley" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mark A. Milley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA_%CE%9C%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8A" title="Μαρκ Μίλεϊ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρκ Μίλεϊ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مارک الکساندر میلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارک الکساندر میلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mark A. Milley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מארק מילי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארק מילי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="マーク・ミリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーク・ミリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mark A. Milley" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Милли, Марк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Милли, Марк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mark Milley" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mark A. Milley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mark A. Milley" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Марк Міллі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марк Міллі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9" title="马克·米利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马克·米利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6766465#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mark_Milley" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Milley">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Milley&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">20th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and 39th Chief of Staff of the Army</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the general. For the Irish athlete, see <a href="/wiki/Mark_Miley" title="Mark Miley">Mark Miley</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Mark Milley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/220px-GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/330px-GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/440px-GEN_Mark_A._Milley_portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="4257" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Official portrait, 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1958-06-20) 20 June 1958 (age 66) <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service / branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1980–2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">United States Army Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="III Corps (United States)">III Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> Joint Command</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Mountain Division (United States)">10th Mountain Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Brigade_Combat_Team,_10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)">2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (Light)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Just_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Just Cause">Operation Just Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force" title="Implementation Force">Operation Joint Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Defense Distinguished Service Medal">Defense Distinguished Service Medal</a> (3)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> (5)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal" title="Defense Superior Service Medal">Defense Superior Service Medal</a> (3)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> (3)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a> (4)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Hollyanne Haas</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1985)</div><a href="#cite_note-nomination-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2<a href="#cite_note-defense.gov-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_Mark_A._Milley_on_Technological_Changes_to_Warfare_and_its_Role_in_the_FY2021_Defense_Budget.ogg" title="File:GEN Mark A. Milley on Technological Changes to Warfare and its Role in the FY2021 Defense Budget.ogg">Mark Milley's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="105" data-mwtitle="GEN_Mark_A._Milley_on_Technological_Changes_to_Warfare_and_its_Role_in_the_FY2021_Defense_Budget.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/GEN_Mark_A._Milley_on_Technological_Changes_to_Warfare_and_its_Role_in_the_FY2021_Defense_Budget.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/GEN_Mark_A._Milley_on_Technological_Changes_to_Warfare_and_its_Role_in_the_FY2021_Defense_Budget.ogg/GEN_Mark_A._Milley_on_Technological_Changes_to_Warfare_and_its_Role_in_the_FY2021_Defense_Budget.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Mark Milley on how technology changes warfare and its role in the FY2021 defense budget Recorded 26 February 2020</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Mark Alexander Milley (born 20 June 1958) is a retired <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a> who served as the 20th <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> from October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2023. He had previously served as the 39th <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">chief of staff of the Army</a> from August 14, 2015, to August 9, 2019<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and held multiple command and staff positions in eight divisions and special forces. A <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a> graduate from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, Milley earned his commission as an <a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch" title="Armor Branch">armor</a> officer in 1980. He later received a master's degree from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. He was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, making Milley the tenth U.S. Army officer to be chairman. As chairman, Milley was the highest-ranking officer in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> and the principal military advisor to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">secretary of defense</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Security Council">Homeland Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-functions_of_JCS-4">[4]</a> His official portrait was unveiled at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> on January 10, 2025. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> pardoned Milley from potential future prosecution just hours before he left office on January 20, 2025. His portrait was removed soon after President Trump's inauguration later that day.<a href="#cite_note-nyti-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Milley was born on 20 June 1958, in <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nomination-1">[1]</a> He is of Irish descent, and was raised <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-navigate-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> His paternal grandfather, Peter (1897–1976), was from Newfoundland<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and served with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment" title="Royal Newfoundland Regiment">Royal Newfoundland Regiment</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> His father, Alexander (1924–2015), enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> in March 1943 as a naval corpsman. He was assigned to the 4th Marine Division and landed at Kwajalein, Saipan, Tinian and Iwo Jima. After the war, he worked as a restaurateur and food-broker. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus" title="Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a>, whose membership is limited to practicing Catholic men.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Milley's mother, Mary Elizabeth (née Murphy), was a nurse who served with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/WAVES" title="WAVES">WAVES</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and is described by Milley as a "break-the-glass-ceiling" type of woman.<a href="#cite_note-glass-12">[12]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; clear: left; float:left;margin:0 1.5em 1.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSU9FxMMn9g">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, General Mark Milley on The David Rubenstein Show</a>, The <a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David Rubenstein</a> Show, 20 October 2021</td></tr></tbody></table> Milley attended a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic</a> grammar school where he played hockey. Good grades and athletic ability led to him being recruited to <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Hill_School" title="Belmont Hill School">Belmont Hill School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and afterwards to <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> where he played varsity ice hockey.<a href="#cite_note-navigate-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> There he joined the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-blunt-15">[15]</a> and in 1980 graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in politics after completing a 185-page-long senior thesis titled "The Irish Republican Army: A Critical Analysis of Revolutionary Guerrilla Organization in Theory and Practice".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Milley holds a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of International Affairs</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/School_of_International_and_Public_Affairs,_Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University">School of International & Public Affairs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and another Master of Arts degree in <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">strategic studies</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He is also an attendee of the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Center_for_International_Studies" title="MIT Center for International Studies">MIT Center for International Studies</a> <a href="/wiki/Seminar_XXI" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminar XXI">Seminar XXI</a> National Security Studies Program.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_080201-D-7203T-011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Cody" title="Richard A. Cody">Richard A. Cody</a> administers the oath of office upon Milley's promotion to brigadier general in February 2008</figcaption></figure> Milley earned his <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">commission</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor Branch (United States)">armor</a> officer through Princeton's Army <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a> program in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> His career included assignments with the <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/5th_Special_Forces_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Special Forces Group">5th Special Forces Group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th Infantry Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Polk" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Polk">Joint Readiness Training Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division</a>, Operations Staff of the Joint Staff, and a posting as Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense.<a href="#cite_note-forscom-21">[21]</a> Milley held multiple command and staff positions in eight divisions and units, including the <a href="/wiki/5th_Special_Forces_Group_(United_States)" title="5th Special Forces Group (United States)">5th Special Forces Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a>, throughout his military career. He served as a commander of ODA 543, a 12-man combat diver-qualified Special Forces team. He commanded 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/506th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="506th Infantry Regiment (United States)">506th Infantry</a>, 2nd Infantry Division, in South Korea from 1996 to 1998.<a href="#cite_note-forscom-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-nomination2-22">[22]</a> He served as commander of <a href="/wiki/2nd_Brigade_Combat_Team,_10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)">2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (Light)</a> from December 2003 to July 2005; deputy commanding general for operations of the <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> from July 2007 to April 2008, and as commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a> from November 2011 to December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Milley commanded <a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="III Corps (United States)">III Corps</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hood">Fort Hood</a>, Texas, from December 2012 to August 2014,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and concurrently the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> Joint Command from May 2013 to February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> He served as the commanding general of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="United States Army Forces Command">United States Army Forces Command</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Liberty">Fort Liberty, North Carolina</a> from August 2014 to August 2015.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg/220px-Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg/330px-Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg/440px-Milley_Takes_Oath_as_CSA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2403" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of the Army <a href="/wiki/John_M._McHugh" title="John M. McHugh">John M. McHugh</a> administers the oath of office to incoming Army chief of staff Milley during the change of responsibility ceremony on August 14, 2015</figcaption></figure> Milley was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">chief of staff of the Army</a> on August 14, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In his initial message to the U.S. Army, General Milley laid out his priorities on readiness, the future Army, and taking care of troops. "We must ensure the Army remains ready as the world's premier combat force. Readiness for ground combat is—and will remain—the U.S. Army's #1 priority. We will do what it takes to build an agile, adaptive Army of the future".<a href="#cite_note-Milley-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modernization_and_reform">Modernization and reform</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_J._Trump,_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute,_Jan._20,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Donald_J._Trump%2C_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute%2C_Jan._20%2C_2017.jpg/220px-Donald_J._Trump%2C_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute%2C_Jan._20%2C_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Donald_J._Trump%2C_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute%2C_Jan._20%2C_2017.jpg/330px-Donald_J._Trump%2C_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute%2C_Jan._20%2C_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Donald_J._Trump%2C_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute%2C_Jan._20%2C_2017.jpg/440px-Donald_J._Trump%2C_Mark_A._Milley_and_Mike_Pence_salute%2C_Jan._20%2C_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3687" data-file-height="2458" /></a><figcaption>General Milley, President Trump and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a> salute during Trump's inauguration parade on January 20, 2017</figcaption></figure> During his tenure, Milley focused heavily on modernization efforts for the Army, which included a new command designed to consolidate the methods that deliver Army capabilities, similar to the approach used by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Operations_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Special Operations Command">U.S. Special Operations Command</a>. At the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Association of the United States Army">Association of the United States Army</a> annual meeting, Milley described the areas targeted for modernization, including tanks, aircraft and weapons. Milley said: "Faster results will be obtained...as we shift to a SOCOM-like model of buy, try, decide and acquire rather than the current industrial-age linear model that takes years to establish requirements, decades to test, and it may take a long, long time to go from idea to delivery". He warned: "If we adapt to the changing character of war, and we embrace the institutional changes that we need to implement, then we will continue to be the most lethal fighting force in the world for the next seven decades and beyond. If we do not, we will lose the next war".<a href="#cite_note-Cox-35">[35]</a> In February 2017, the Army announced the establishment of Security Force Assistance Brigades. Also known as <a href="/wiki/Security_Force_Assistance_Brigade" title="Security Force Assistance Brigade">SFABs</a>, these permanent units were established in Fort Benning with a core mission to conduct security cooperation activities and serve as a quick response to combatant commander requirements.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_(31298827337).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_%2831298827337%29.jpg/220px-Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_%2831298827337%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_%2831298827337%29.jpg/330px-Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_%2831298827337%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_%2831298827337%29.jpg/440px-Joseph_Dunford_and_Mark_Milley_181208-D-SW162-0396_%2831298827337%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2003" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a>, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, speaks with Milley before the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_Game" title="Army–Navy Game">Army–Navy Game</a></figcaption></figure> While their training would be similar to that of Special Forces, soldiers in the SFABs would not be considered Special Forces, Milley said. "They will be trained in many ways similar to Special Forces, but they are not Special Forces". These SFABs will be structured using the non-commissioned and commissioned officers of infantry brigade combat teams to train foreign military units in conventional light infantry tactics, Milley said.<a href="#cite_note-Matthew_Cox-37">[37]</a> In 2018, Secretary of the Army <a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a> and Milley established <a href="/wiki/Army_Futures_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Futures Command">Army Futures Command</a> in Austin, Texas, to take advantage of nearby academic and industrial expertise.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Coequal in status to the Army's three senior most commands: <a href="/wiki/Army_Forces_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Forces Command">Army Forces Command</a>, Army Material Command, and <a href="/wiki/Army_Training_and_Doctrine_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Training and Doctrine Command">Army Training and Doctrine Command</a>, it represented one of the largest reform initiatives undertaken in more than forty years. Beyond developing future warfighting concepts, eight cross-functional teams conducted research to further the Army's modernization priorities: long-range precision fires, next-generation combat vehicles, air and missile defenses, soldier lethality, synthetic training environments, future vehicle lift platforms, and assured positioning, navigation, and timing. In 2018, Esper and Milley also led the roll out of a new <a href="/wiki/Army_Combat_Fitness_Test" title="Army Combat Fitness Test">Army Combat Fitness Test</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The new fitness test was designed to improve overall combat readiness and mimic physical tasks and stresses associated with combat and was set to replace the 40-year-old Army fitness test by October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Milley said: "We want to make sure that our soldiers are... in top physical shape to withstand the rigors of ground combat. Combat is not for the faint of heart, it's not for the weak-kneed, it's not for those who are not psychologically resilient and tough and hardened to the brutality, to the viciousness of it".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Army_Green_Service_Uniform">Army Green Service Uniform</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg/220px-The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg/330px-The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg/440px-The_Proposed_Pink_%26_Green_Uniform_Makes_It%27s_National_Debut_at_the_2017_Army-Navy_Game_171212-Z-IF359-006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>General Milley stands with <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Major_of_the_Army" title="Sergeant Major of the Army">Sergeant Major of the Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Dailey" title="Daniel A. Dailey">Daniel A. Dailey</a> and soldiers modeling the proposed "Pinks and Greens" uniform</figcaption></figure> In early 2017, Milley and then-Sergeant Major of the Army <a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Dailey" title="Daniel A. Dailey">Daniel A. Dailey</a> began considering the possibility of bringing back an iconic two-tone uniform known as the <a href="/wiki/Pinks_and_greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinks and greens">"Pinks and Greens"</a> to honor the "greatest generation" of soldiers who fought in World War II.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The Army believed the reintroduction of the uniform would give soldiers a uniform for professional environments that honored the Army heritage, reconnect today's soldiers with their service history, strengthen pride, bolster recruiting and enhance readiness.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> According to an Army Times poll conducted in the fall of 2018, of the 32,000 respondents, 72 percent indicated they were ready to embrace a new uniform, while 28 percent said they were happy with the current blue Army Service Uniform. Soldiers did express concerns about the need for an additional uniform as well as the costs associated with acquiring the new uniform.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The Army tried to address this concern in its official roll out announcement on November 11, 2018, indicating the uniform would be cost-neutral for enlisted soldiers, who would be able to purchase the new "everyday business-wear uniform" with their existing annual clothing allowance. The Army also indicated the new uniform would come "at no additional cost" to U.S. taxpayers and would be made in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Secretary of the Army Esper, who also championed the iconic "pinks and greens" uniform and worked with Milley and Dailey on the initiative, approved its return in November 2018.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq_War_study">Iraq War study</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_(37195859524).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_%2837195859524%29.jpg/220px-Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_%2837195859524%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_%2837195859524%29.jpg/330px-Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_%2837195859524%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_%2837195859524%29.jpg/440px-Mark_Milley_and_Danilo_Errico_171017-A-EN604-050_%2837195859524%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2983" /></a><figcaption>General Milley with the Italian <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Italian_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the Italian Army">chief of Army staff</a> Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Errico" title="Danilo Errico">Danilo Errico</a> at the Pentagon on October 17, 2017</figcaption></figure> In 2018, Milley was involved in deciding whether the Army would publish a controversial study on the 2003–2006 <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. Milley reportedly decided he wanted to read the two-volume, 1,300-page, 500,000-word document before making a decision. Milley also directed that an external panel of scholars review the work. After the panel returned glowing reviews on the study, including one that described it as "the gold standard in official history", Milley continued to delay publication so he could review it further.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon-51">[51]</a> When confronted by a journalist from <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> in October 2018, Milley reversed these decisions, ordering the study published officially and with a foreword from himself. He said the team who wrote the study "did a damn good job", the study itself was "a solid work", and that he aimed to publish the study by the holidays (2018).<a href="#cite_note-Gordon-51">[51]</a> Within days of this revelation, two members of Congress who sit on the House Armed Services Committee (Reps. <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Speier" title="Jackie Speier">Jackie Speier</a>, D-California, and <a href="/wiki/Ruben_Gallego" title="Ruben Gallego">Ruben Gallego</a>, D-Arizona) sent a letter to Army leaders expressing their anger over the delay. In a press release accompanying the letter to Milley and Esper, Speier said, "This is simply the Army being unwilling to publicly air its mistakes. Our military, Congress, and the American people deserve nothing less than total transparency on the lessons the Army has identified so that we may use those lessons to avoid costly, and too often deadly, mistakes of the past".<a href="#cite_note-auto-52">[52]</a> The two-volume study was published January 17, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Report_on_climate_change">Report on climate change</h4></div> In May 2019, Milley commissioned a U.S. Army War College report on the impact of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> on society as a whole and on the U.S. military. The report was written by U.S. government officials from agencies including the U.S. Army, Defense Intelligence Agency, and NASA and released in August 2019. It outlined the possibility of blackouts, disease, thirst, starvation and war due to collapses of the country's aging <a href="/wiki/Power_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Power grid">power grid</a>, its food supply systems, and the U.S. military. The report also mentions the likelihood of increasing <a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">water scarcity</a> and failure of global <a href="/wiki/Food_system" title="Food system">food systems</a> in developing countries which would result in an increase of civil and military conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff </h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg/220px-Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg/330px-Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg/440px-Esper_Tours_WWII_Bois_Jacques_Foxhole_Site_in_Belgium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5777" data-file-height="3851" /></a><figcaption>Milley, Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a>, and members of the <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> tour the <a href="/wiki/Foy,_Belgium" title="Foy, Belgium">Bois Jacques</a> during the 75th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>, December 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_(49239131457).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="General Milley and General Gerasimov shaking hands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_%2849239131457%29.jpg/220px-Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_%2849239131457%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_%2849239131457%29.jpg/330px-Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_%2849239131457%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_%2849239131457%29.jpg/440px-Mark_Milley_and_Valery_Gerasimov_191218-D-HD608-004_%2849239131457%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Milley with General <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern, Switzerland</a>, on December 18, 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg/220px-Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg/330px-Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg/440px-Mark_Milley_MetLife_Stadium_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4847" data-file-height="3231" /></a><figcaption>Milley shaking hands with a <a href="/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen_football" title="Navy Midshipmen football">Navy</a> fan before the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_Game" title="Army–Navy Game">Army–Navy football game</a></figcaption></figure> Milley was the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from September 30, 2019, to September 30, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Trump_administration">First Trump administration</h4></div> On December 8, 2018, Trump announced that he would nominate Milley to serve as <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, although Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a> and then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a> favored <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Air Force Chief of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/David_L._Goldfein" title="David L. Goldfein">David L. Goldfein</a> for the appointment.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Initially Milley had been fielded as a candidate to succeed <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Scaparrotti" title="Curtis Scaparrotti">Curtis Scaparrotti</a> as commander of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">United States European Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a> but after the interview with Trump was nominated for the chairmanship instead.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> He was confirmed by the Senate 89–1 on 25 July 2019,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-blunt-15">[15]</a> and sworn in on September 30.<a href="#cite_note-:1-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> After attending 75th anniversary commemorations of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a> in Belgium on December 16, 2019,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Milley met with the Russian military chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bern,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bern, Switzerland">Bern, Switzerland</a> on December 18. That continued a series of meetings between the American and Russian military chiefs reestablished by Milley's predecessor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a> in 2017 to ensure open communication and reduce the risks in conflict areas.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> During Trump's re-election campaign, a photograph featuring Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>, Trump, Esper, and Milley, was used in one of Trump's political ads. Defense officials said that the image was used without Milley's knowledge and consent and that the ad was later removed "ahead of time".<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="St._John's_Church_incident">St. John's Church incident</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Milley wearing combat uniform walking behind Trump while escorting the President from the White House to St. John's Episcopal Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_%2849964153176%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_%2849964153176%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_%2849964153176%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_%2849964153176%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_%2849964153176%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_%2849964153176%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption>Milley walking behind Trump from the White House to St. John's Episcopal Church on June 1, 2020</figcaption></figure> On June 1, 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington,_D.C." title="George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.">protests in Washington, D.C.</a> which followed the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>, Milley, in combat uniform, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">walked with the president</a> from the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> across <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a> to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Episcopal Church</a> about half an hour after federal officers and police had used <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a> tactics to disperse protestors, drawing sharp criticism from former military officers and others.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Peril_(book)" title="Peril (book)">Peril</a>, Milley attended the walk in combat fatigues as he had been summoned away at short notice from a planned visit to an FBI operations center, and immediately departed once he and Esper realized the political implications of the walk, saying that he felt "sick" and was "fucking done with this shit" to Esper.<a href="#cite_note-stoodup-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> As a result, Milley was not present for Trump's <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">photo op at St. John's Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stoodup-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-peril-82">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Armed Services Committee">House Armed Services Committee</a> later requested that Esper and Milley testify before the committee about the military's role in the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>, which they did on July 9.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Unsent_resignation_letter">Unsent resignation letter</h5></div> Milley reportedly considered resigning over the incident in front of the St. John's Church, going so far as to draft a highly critical resignation letter to President Trump, but then deciding against handing the letter over to him. The resignation letter draft was later published in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> At the last minute before submitting the resignation letter to the president, Milley opted against resignation and instead apologized for his presence at the St. John's Church incident in a video recorded as his commencement address at the National Defense University on 11 June. At the commencement speech he explained that he should not have been at the event because his presence created a perception of military involvement in domestic politics.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="After_the_2020_election">After the 2020 election</h5></div> After losing his bid for reelection in November 2020, Trump and his allies made <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election</a>, presaging the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">attack on the Capitol</a> on 6 January 2021. According to <a href="/wiki/I_Alone_Can_Fix_It" title="I Alone Can Fix It">I Alone Can Fix It</a>, a July 2021 book by <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> reporters <a href="/wiki/Philip_Rucker" title="Philip Rucker">Philip Rucker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Leonnig" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol Leonnig">Carol Leonnig</a>, Milley became concerned Trump was preparing to stage a coup, and held informal discussions with his deputies about possible ways to thwart it, telling associates: "They may try, but they're not going to fucking succeed. You can't do this without the military. You can't do this without the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>. We're the guys with the guns".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Rucker and Leonnig's book also quoted Milley as saying "this is a <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire#Political_consequences" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag</a> moment", comparing Trump's attempts to overturn the election to the event used to cement <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and referring to Trump's false statements about electoral fraud as "the gospel of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a>". Milley reportedly told police and military officials preparing to secure <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s presidential inauguration: "Everyone in this room, whether you're a cop, whether you're a soldier, we're going to stop these guys to make sure we have a peaceful transfer of power. We're going to put a ring of steel around this city and the Nazis aren't getting in".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Trump later said that he had not threatened or spoken about a coup and falsely claimed that Obama had fired Milley.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On January 12, 2021, Milley and the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a statement condemning the <a href="/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol">storming of the U.S. Capitol</a> by supporters of Trump and reminding all service members of their obligation to support and defend the Constitution and reject extremism.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> They said: "As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civilian authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting and defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In an interview on April 2, Milley said that the military reaction and response were "sprint speed" and "super fast".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Speaker of the House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> said from her personal experience that was not the case, and called for a commission to find the truth.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Calls_with_Chinese_general">Calls with Chinese general</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg/220px-Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg/330px-Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg/440px-Army_chief_of_staff_meets_with_Chinese_counterpart_in_Beijing_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3546" data-file-height="2360" /></a><figcaption>Milley, as Army chief of staff, performs a military inspection alongside his <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a> counterpart, Commander of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">PLA Ground Force</a> General <a href="/wiki/Li_Zuocheng" title="Li Zuocheng">Li Zuocheng</a> at the Bayi building in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, August 16, 2016</figcaption></figure> According to a September 2021 <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a> report, in mid-2020 Pentagon officials were concerned about the Chinese having received bad intelligence from dubious sources that had them worried about a possible surprise U.S. strike against China.<a href="#cite_note-worried-97">[97]</a> In a report released in November 2021, the Pentagon confirmed these Chinese worries and that Esper had directed Milley and the deputy assistant defense secretary for China Chad Sbragia in mid-October to reassure their Chinese counterparts that the U.S. "had no intention of instigating a military crisis against China".<a href="#cite_note-worried-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Milley called his Chinese counterpart on October 30.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In Woodward and Costa's book Peril, the authors wrote that on October 30, 2020, four days before the U.S. presidential election day, Milley called his counterpart in China, General <a href="/wiki/Li_Zuocheng" title="Li Zuocheng">Li Zuocheng</a>, quoting Milley as saying: "I want to assure you that the American government is stable and everything is going to be okay... We are not going to attack or conduct any kinetic operations against you ... If we're going to attack, I'm going to call you ahead of time. It's not going to be a surprise".<a href="#cite_note-Stanley-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The authors wrote that Milley again called Li in January 2021, two days after the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a>, quoting Milley as saying: "Things may look unsteady... But that's the nature of democracy... We are 100 percent steady. Everything's fine. But democracy can be sloppy sometimes".<a href="#cite_note-Stanley-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Unnamed defense department officials said Sbragia had called his Chinese counterpart two days earlier, with the authorization of then-acting secretary of defense <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Miller" title="Christopher C. Miller">Christopher C. Miller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-104">[104]</a> One briefed on Milley's call said that it was "implausible that (Milley's call) would have been done without" Sbragia's knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-:18-104">[104]</a> Both calls were by video conference where fifteen people were present, including a State Department representative and notetakers.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported that Milley consulted with Esper in conducting the October call.<a href="#cite_note-auto5-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> reported that a former senior defense official said Milley asked Miller for permission to make the January call, and that Miller said Milley "almost certainly" informed him about making the call, but he did not recall receiving a detailed readout afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On September 15, Miller told <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> that he did not authorize the call and called for Milley to resign or be fired; multiple sources told Fox News that the calls were conducted with full knowledge of Esper and Miller.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg/220px-Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg/330px-Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg/440px-Mark_A._Milley_with_Christopher_C._Miller_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Milley with acting Secretary of Defense Miller at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> on November 11, 2020</figcaption></figure> Two days later he told CNN that "he likely would not have been informed of such routine engagements that either his office or Milley would have had with China" and that he was criticizing the call in October, not the one in January.<a href="#cite_note-:18-104">[104]</a> At a congressional hearing on September 28, 2021, Milley testified that both calls were coordinated with the staffs of Esper and Miller both before and after they were made.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The Wall Street Journal reported Pentagon officials said Miller had been apprised of the call.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-103">[103]</a> Milley's spokesman said, "All calls from the Chairman to his counterparts, including those reported, are staffed, coordinated and communicated with the Department of Defense and the interagency".<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Milley stated that the calls were "routine calls ... in order to ensure <a href="/wiki/Strategic_stability" title="Strategic stability">strategic stability</a>" and "perfectly within the duties and responsibilities of the chairman".<a href="#cite_note-auto4-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-107">[107]</a> In hearings before the Senate and House Armed Services committees on September 28 and 29, respectively, Milley said he did not intend to undermine Trump with the calls,<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> adding that he "was communicating to my Chinese counterpart on instructions, by the way, to de-escalate the situation" and that Trump "has no intent to attack and I told [General Li] that repeatedly".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> After the storming of the U.S. Capitol, Milley also spoke to other military leaders around the world, including in the United Kingdom, to reassure them "that the U.S. government was strong and in control".<a href="#cite_note-LemBu-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Meeting_on_nuclear_launch_procedure">Meeting on nuclear launch procedure</h5></div> Woodward and Costa also wrote that after the attack on the Capitol, Milley became concerned Trump might "go rogue", telling staff "You never know what a president's trigger point is". According to the book, he took extraordinary action to protect national security by insisting he be personally consulted about any military action orders by Trump, including the use of nuclear weapons, and instructed the directors of the CIA and NSA to be particularly attentive to developments.<a href="#cite_note-Gangel-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-107">[107]</a> This was perceived by some former officials and outside analysts as "inserting himself inappropriately into the chain of command".<a href="#cite_note-:18-104">[104]</a> On 8 January, Milley assured <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D-Calif.) in a call that "the nuclear triggers are secure and we're not going to do—we're not going to allow anything crazy, illegal, immoral, or unethical to happen".<a href="#cite_note-:17-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Additional_actions">Additional actions</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SECDEF,_CJCS,_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SECDEF%2C_CJCS%2C_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg/220px-SECDEF%2C_CJCS%2C_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SECDEF%2C_CJCS%2C_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg/330px-SECDEF%2C_CJCS%2C_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SECDEF%2C_CJCS%2C_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg/440px-SECDEF%2C_CJCS%2C_CENTCOM_Senate_Armed_Services_Testimony_on_Afghanistan_210928-D-TT977-0249.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7607" data-file-height="5064" /></a><figcaption>Milley testifies before the Senate Armed Services Committee on the withdrawal from Afghanistan and his calls to China on September 28, 2021</figcaption></figure> Milley's reported comments and actions drew criticism from multiple Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-:15-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-119">[119]</a> Trump described Woodward and Costa's reporting as "fake news" and "fabricated", stating that he "never even thought of attacking China".<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-120">[120]</a> Trump also said that if the reporting was true, then he believed Milley should be "tried for treason" for talking to Li "behind the President's back and telling China that he would be giving them notification" of an American attack.<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence">Senate Intelligence Committee</a> ranking member <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> called on Biden to fire Milley, stating that Milley had undermined "the sitting commander in chief" and "contemplated a treasonous leak of classified information to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> in advance of a potential armed conflict with the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Stanley-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Many Republicans accused Milley of treason and called for his resignation, firing, or <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:15-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vindman" title="Alexander Vindman">Alexander Vindman</a> said that Milley needed to resign if it was true that he broke the chain of command.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Twenty-seven House Republicans, all members of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a>, wrote to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> demanding an Army Regulation 15-6 investigation into Milley's actions and for Milley's security clearance to be suspended.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Historian and <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> senior fellow <a href="/wiki/Max_Boot" title="Max Boot">Max Boot</a>, a critic of Trump, wrote that "Milley had no choice but to do what he did".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> He also wrote that "Trump, Rubio and all the rest of the rabid partisans who accused a decorated combat veteran of treason based on a hasty misreading of a book excerpt" needed to retract their statements and apologize.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> White House press secretary <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> said that Biden had worked closely with Milley and considered him to be a patriot.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Pentagon spokesperson <a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_(admiral)" title="John Kirby (admiral)">John Kirby</a> stated that Milley had the trust and confidence of Austin. <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> chair <a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> (D-Illinois) said that he had "no concerns that Milley might have exceeded his authority" and that Democratic lawmakers "were circumspect in our language but many of us made it clear that we were counting on him to avoid the disaster which we knew could happen at any moment".<a href="#cite_note-LemBu-115">[115]</a> Biden later said he had "great confidence" in Milley.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a> said that Milley had "rendered the country a significant service", and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services">U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> chair <a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Jack Reed</a> told reporters that "de-escalating international tensions was part of Milley's job".<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Former United Nations ambassador and Trump national security advisor <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> defended Milley as a "staunch supporter of the Constitution and the rule of law".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biden_administration">Biden administration</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:210210-D-BN624-0638_(50934000473).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/210210-D-BN624-0638_%2850934000473%29.jpg/220px-210210-D-BN624-0638_%2850934000473%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/210210-D-BN624-0638_%2850934000473%29.jpg/330px-210210-D-BN624-0638_%2850934000473%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/210210-D-BN624-0638_%2850934000473%29.jpg/440px-210210-D-BN624-0638_%2850934000473%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4563" data-file-height="3042" /></a><figcaption>Milley, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, February 10, 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg/220px-Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg/330px-Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg/440px-Pentagon_September_11th_Memorial_Service_210911-D-WD757-1435.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5573" data-file-height="3715" /></a><figcaption>Milley and his wife Hollyanne attend a sunrise flag unfurling ceremony on the west side of the Pentagon on September 11, 2021, the 20th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a></figcaption></figure> Upon the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration of Joe Biden</a> as president in January 2021 Milley was invited to remain in his position of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and accepted the offer.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He ceremonially relinquished office as chairman to General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">Charles Q. Brown Jr.</a> on 29 September 2023, and his term officially ended on September 30.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In June 2021, a report from an Associated Press investigation found that at least 1,900 U.S. military firearms were recorded as lost or stolen in the last 10 years, most of them by the U.S. Army.<a href="#cite_note-:3-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-148">[148]</a> Some of them were later used in violent crimes; in one case, stolen automatic rifles were sold to a California street gang.<a href="#cite_note-:3-147">[147]</a> Reports say that when Milley learned of the scandal, he was shocked, and stated he would consider a more systematic fix on how the military keeps track of its firearms. However, some claim that Milley actually downplayed the report of 1,900 lost or stolen military firearms.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In November 2022, Milley urged <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> to find a "political solution" to the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, saying that the war in Ukraine is unwinnable by purely military means.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In February 2023, Milley said that Russia had lost "strategically, operationally and tactically" and that it was "paying an enormous price on the battlefield" in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Defense_of_non-partisan_military">Defense of non-partisan military</h5></div> On June 30, 2021, Trump suggested that Milley should resign, implying that he was unwilling "to defend [the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">US military</a>] from the Leftist Radicals who hate [the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>] and [its <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">flag</a>]". This came after Milley's defense of studying a broad range of ideas including "critical race theory" and news reports that Milley and Trump engaged in a shouting match over military involvement in the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2021 United States racial unrest">2020–2021 US race protests</a>. Trump previously denied the incident and accused Milley of falsifying it.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> On June 23, 2021, Milley attracted notice for telling Florida Republican Congressman <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a> that he found it "offensive" that the U.S. military was being characterized as "<a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">woke</a>" for including "<a href="/wiki/Critical_race_theory" title="Critical race theory">critical race theory</a>" in its West Point curriculum and that he wanted "to understand white rage – and I'm white. What is it that caused thousands of people to assault this building and try to overturn the Constitution of the United States of America?"<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> In their September 2021 book, <a href="/wiki/Peril_(book)" title="Peril (book)">Peril</a>, Washington Post reporters <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Bob Woodward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Costa_(journalist)" title="Robert Costa (journalist)">Robert Costa</a> wrote that after the election Milley had become aware of a Trump military order to withdraw all troops from Afghanistan by January 15, 2021, which had been written by two Trump loyalists without consultation with national security officials. The authors reported that after Trump refused to concede his election loss, CIA director <a href="/wiki/Gina_Haspel" title="Gina Haspel">Gina Haspel</a> told Milley, "We are on the way to a right-wing coup" and was worried Trump might attack Iran.<a href="#cite_note-Gangel-116">[116]</a> In remarks before the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> on September 28, Milley denied that he agreed in a call with <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> that Trump was "crazy" as stated in the book,<a href="#cite_note-Haltiwanger-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> stating that he was "not qualified to determine the mental health of the president of the United States".<a href="#cite_note-Haltiwanger-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Threats_from_Trump">Threats from Trump</h5></div> In September 2023, Trump stated in a post on <a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a> that Milley's call to Chinese authorities following the storming of the United States Capitol attack was "an act so egregious that, in times gone by, the punishment would have been DEATH".<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In response to the threat, Milley stated, "I'll take appropriate measures to ensure my safety and the safety of my family".<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In 2024, Milley said he feared being court-martialed if Trump were to be reelected. He also called Trump the "most dangerous person ever" and said that Trump was a "fascist to the core".<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Trump was <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">reelected as president</a> on November 5, 2024. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Withdrawal_from_Afghanistan">Withdrawal from Afghanistan</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-SecDef_%26_CJCS_welcome_Gen._Miller_back_from_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4794" data-file-height="3835" /></a><figcaption>Milley and Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> welcome General <a href="/wiki/Austin_S._Miller" title="Austin S. Miller">"Scott" Miller</a> at <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Andrews" title="Joint Base Andrews">Joint Base Andrews</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)">2021 Afghanistan withdrawal</a>, July 14, 2021</figcaption></figure> In December 2020, Milley met with the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> in <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> in an effort to arrange <a href="/wiki/Doha_Agreement_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doha Agreement (2020)">peace talks</a> between the Taliban and the Afghan government. Milley believed that U.S. troops should remain in Afghanistan to prevent another terrorist attack like the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-164">[164]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)">withdrawal of U.S. troops</a> was in its final days, the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> launched an <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">offensive against the Afghan government</a>, quickly advancing in front of a collapsing <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">Afghan Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">U.S. intelligence</a> believed that the Afghan government would likely collapse within six months after the withdrawal of NATO troops from the country.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> On July 21, 2021, Milley reported that half of all districts in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> were under Taliban control and that momentum was "sort of" on the side of the Taliban.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> was <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">captured</a> by the Taliban on August 15, 2021, prompting an <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">international airlift</a> of civilians at <a href="/wiki/Kabul_International_Airport" title="Kabul International Airport">Kabul International Airport</a>, which remained under temporary U.S. and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> control.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> On 26 August 2021, after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">suicide bombing</a> at Kabul Airport that led to the death of 183 people, including 13 U.S. service members,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Republican senators and members of the House called for the resignation of President Biden, Vice President Harris, Secretary of State Blinken, Defense Secretary Austin, and Milley.<a href="#cite_note-:14-170">[170]</a> In late September 2021, Milley, at hearings before both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committees</a> said that the withdrawal from Afghanistan and evacuation from Kabul was "a logistical success but a strategic failure".<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> He rejected demands from Republican committee members to resign.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On an October 25, 2024 podcast with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Joe Rogan</a>, when talking about the withdrawal from Afghanistan, Donald Trump claimed that Milley said "It's cheaper to leave it" in regard to the military equipment they had in Afghanistan and what to do with it when the US military left.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actions_of_the_second_Trump_administration">Actions of the second Trump administration</h3></div> Hours after Trump was inaugurated as the <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">47th President of the United States</a> on January 20, 2025, Milley's official portrait was removed from a <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> corridor where the portraits of all former chairmen are displayed.<a href="#cite_note-StewAli-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyti-5">[5]</a> The next day workers patched the holes and painted the wall.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-StewAli-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyti-5">[5]</a> A U.S. official told the New York Times that the White House had ordered the removal.<a href="#cite_note-nyti-5">[5]</a> On January 29, Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a> suspended Milley's security clearance, withdrew the authorization for his security detail, and ordered a review of his actions as Chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with a view to demote him in rank.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_deployments">Operational deployments</h3></div> Milley has deployed for various military operations, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_and_Observers" title="Multinational Force and Observers">Multinational Force and Observers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a>, Egypt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">Operation Just Cause</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force_(IFOR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Implementation Force (IFOR)">Operation Joint Endeavor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a>, Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Operation Enduring Freedom</a>, Afghanistan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_summary">Service summary</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h4></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Promotions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Date<a href="#cite_note-rankassignments-178">[178]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O1_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/15px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/23px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/30px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second lieutenant (United States)">Second lieutenant</a></td> <td>June 10, 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/15px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/23px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/30px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="First lieutenant (United States)">First lieutenant</a></td> <td>November 28, 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/35px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/53px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/70px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)" title="Captain (United States O-3)">Captain</a></td> <td>March 1, 1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/35px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/53px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/70px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>May 1, 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/35px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/53px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/70px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td>August 1, 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/40px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/80px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>April 1, 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/35px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/53px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/70px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a></td> <td>June 2, 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/70px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/105px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/140px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major general</a></td> <td>March 2, 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/105px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/158px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/210px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant general</a></td> <td>December 20, 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US-O10_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/140px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/210px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/280px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="583" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td> <td>August 15, 2014 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Summary_of_assignments">Summary of assignments</h4></div> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:right; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Begin </th> <th>End </th> <th>Assignment<a href="#cite_note-rankassignments-178">[178]</a> </th> <th>Duty station </th></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>Student, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_War_College" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval War College">United States Naval War College</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>Assistant Chief of Staff (G3), later Chief of Staff, <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division (Light)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schofield_Barracks" title="Schofield Barracks">Schofield Barracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>Commander, US Provisional Brigade/Task Force Eagle, <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division (Light)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Division_(North)_(Bosnia)" title="Multi-National Division (North) (Bosnia)">Multinational Division (North)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuzla" title="Tuzla">Tuzla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Deputy Chief of Staff for Transformation (G-7), <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division (Light)</a> </td> <td>Schofield Barracks, Hawaii </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>Commander, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Brigade_Combat_Team,_10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)">2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (Light)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Drum" title="Fort Drum">Fort Drum</a>, New York </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Chief, Global Force Management Division, later Assistant Deputy Director for Joint Operations (J-3), <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff">Joint Staff</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, Washington, D.C. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>Military Assistant to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_Defense" title="Office of the Secretary of Defense">Office of the Secretary of Defense</a> </td> <td>The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 2007 </td> <td>June 2009 </td> <td>Deputy Commanding General (Operations), <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="101st Airborne Division (United States)">101st Airborne Division (Air Assault)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Campbell" title="Fort Campbell">Fort Campbell</a>, Kentucky </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 2009 </td> <td>November 2011 </td> <td>Deputy Director for Regional Operations (J-3), <a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Staff">Joint Staff</a> </td> <td>The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 4, 2011<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> </td> <td>December 3, 2012 </td> <td>Commanding General, <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division" title="10th Mountain Division">10th Mountain Division</a> (Light) </td> <td>Fort Drum, New York </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 20, 2012 </td> <td>August 2014 </td> <td>Commanding General, <a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="III Corps (United States)">III Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hood">Fort Hood</a>; concurrently Commander, <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> Joint Command and Deputy Commander, United States Forces-Afghanistan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Hood">Fort Hood</a>, Texas </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 15, 2014 </td> <td>August 10, 2015<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General,_United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="Commanding General, United States Army Forces Command">Commanding General, United States Army Forces Command</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg" title="Fort Bragg">Fort Bragg</a>, North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 14, 2015 </td> <td>August 9, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> </td> <td>The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 1, 2019 </td> <td>September 30, 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> </td> <td>The Pentagon, Washington, D.C. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h3></div> General Milley has received these awards:<a href="#cite_note-awards-181">[181]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Right breast </th> <th colspan="4">Left breast </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:506_Inf_Rgt_DUI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/506_Inf_Rgt_DUI.jpg/85px-506_Inf_Rgt_DUI.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/506_Inf_Rgt_DUI.jpg/128px-506_Inf_Rgt_DUI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/506_Inf_Rgt_DUI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="170" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg/175px-Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg/263px-Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg/350px-Brevet_Parachutiste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/106px-Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/159px-Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg/212px-Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a></div></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg/106px-Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg/159px-Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg/212px-Meritorious_Unit_Commendation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png/106px-Combat_service_identification_badge_of_the_101st_Airborne_Division.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="136" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal_%282%29.svg/159px-Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal_%282%29.svg/212px-Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="216" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/90px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/135px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png 1.5x, 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cluster">oak leaf clusters</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Meritorious_Unit_Award" title="Joint Meritorious Unit Award">Joint Meritorious Unit Award</a> with oak leaf cluster </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Meritorious_Unit_Commendation" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Meritorious Unit Commendation">Army Meritorious Unit Commendation</a> with three oak leaf clusters </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> with four oak leaf clusters </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Navy_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Navy Distinguished Service Medal">Navy Distinguished Service Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Distinguished Service Medal">Air Force Distinguished Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> <a href="/wiki/Combat_Service_Identification_Badge" title="Combat Service Identification Badge">Combat Service Identification Badge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_Superior_Service_Medal" title="Defense Superior Service Medal">Defense Superior Service Medal</a> with two oak leaf clusters </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> with two oak leaf clusters </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a> with three oak leaf clusters </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</a> with silver oak leaf cluster </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Commendation Medal">Army Commendation Medal</a> with four oak leaf clusters </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Achievement_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Achievement Medal">Army Achievement Medal</a> with oak leaf cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a> with <a href="/wiki/Service_star" title="Service star">service star</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Expeditionary_Medal" title="Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal">Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal</a> with two service stars </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Campaign_Medal" title="Afghanistan Campaign Medal">Afghanistan Campaign Medal</a> with three campaign star </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Campaign_Medal" title="Iraq Campaign Medal">Iraq Campaign Medal</a> with two campaign stars </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Expeditionary_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal">Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_War_on_Terrorism_Service_Medal" title="Global War on Terrorism Service Medal">Global War on Terrorism Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korea_Defense_Service_Medal" title="Korea Defense Service Medal">Korea Defense Service Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_Service_Medal" title="Humanitarian Service Medal">Humanitarian Service Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Ribbon" title="Army Service Ribbon">Army Service Ribbon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Overseas_Service_Ribbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Overseas Service Ribbon">Army Overseas Service Ribbon</a> with <a href="/wiki/Award_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Award numeral">award numeral</a> 6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a> for service with ISAF with service star </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_and_Observers_Medal" title="Multinational Force and Observers Medal">Multinational Force and Observers Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Merit (France)">French National Order of Merit</a>, Commander<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>, Honorary Knight Commander (Military Division) (KBE)<a href="#cite_note-:0-183">[183]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a>, Honorary Officer (Military Division) (AO)<a href="#cite_note-:0-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Tab" title="Special Forces Tab">Special Forces Tab</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranger_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranger Tab">Ranger Tab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Master_Parachutist_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Parachutist Badge">Master Parachutist Badge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Service_Diver_Insignia_(United_States)#United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Service Diver Insignia (United States)">Special Operations Diver Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Identification_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge">Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Staff_Identification_Badge" title="Army Staff Identification Badge">United States Army Staff Identification Badge</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12">Other awards </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Presidential Commendation (Trump)<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg/200px-Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg/300px-Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg/400px-Expert_Infantry_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="220" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Expert_Infantryman_Badge" title="Expert Infantryman Badge">Expert Infantryman Badge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ArmyOSB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ArmyOSB.svg/60px-ArmyOSB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ArmyOSB.svg/90px-ArmyOSB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ArmyOSB.svg/120px-ArmyOSB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>10 <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Service_Bar" title="Overseas Service Bar">Overseas Service Bars</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civilian_career">Civilian career</h2></div> Milley joined the faculties of <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in February 2024. At Georgetown, he will mentor students as a distinguished fellow in residence with the Security Studies Program in the School of Foreign Service. The Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA) appointed him the Charles and Marie Robertson visiting professor and lecturer from February 2024 until June 2025.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> He also became a senior adviser to <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a> bank and joined the Harry Walker Agency, a <a href="/wiki/Speakers_bureau" title="Speakers bureau">speakers' agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf/page1-170px-A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf/page1-255px-A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf/page1-340px-A_FULL_AND_UNCONDITIONAL_PARDON-GENERAL_MARK_A._MILLEY%3Dpardon-warrant-3-19-jan-2025.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>President Biden granted a Full and Unconditional Pardon to General Milley on 20 January 2025</figcaption></figure> Milley and Hollyanne Haas (born 19 January 1965) were married in May 1985.<a href="#cite_note-nomination-1">[1]</a> They have two children.<a href="#cite_note-defense.gov-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Hollyanne is a nurse who worked in critical care for 18 years and then in <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_nursing" title="Cardiac nursing">cardiac nursing</a> for 15, currently in Northern Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-cpr-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-cpr2-189">[189]</a> At the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a> ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, she administered <a href="/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation" title="Cardiopulmonary resuscitation">CPR</a> to a veteran who had collapsed, saving his life.<a href="#cite_note-cpr-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-cpr2-189">[189]</a> On January 20, 2025, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> preemptively pardoned Mark Milley giving him protection from future potential prosecution by the incoming <a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Trump administration">Trump administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> At midnight (January 20–21), Trump announced on <a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a> that he was firing Milley from the National Infrastructure Advisory Council, along with three other Biden appointees.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3></div> <ul><li>America Isn't Ready for the Wars of the Future, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, 5 August 2024 (co-authored with <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a>)<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/114/chrg/shrg24274/CHRG-114shrg24274.pdf">"Nominations Before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 114th Congress"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015150510/https://www.congress.gov/114/chrg/shrg24274/CHRG-114shrg24274.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 October 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Retrieved 12 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+of+New+York%2C+Senate+Resolution+No.+2911&rft.pub=New+York+Senate&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysenate.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSenate%2520Reso%2520Honoring%2520MG%2520Mark%2520A%2520Milley_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/92020/milley_to_relinquish_command_monday">"Milley to relinquish command Monday"</a>. Army.mil. 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Retrieved 17 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Army+Times&rft.atitle=Gen.+Mark+Milley+picked+for+Army+chief+of+staff&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.au=Michelle+Tan%2C+Staff+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Fstory%2Fmilitary%2Fpentagon%2F2015%2F05%2F13%2Fnew-army-chief-of-staff-named%2F27232781%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-Ashley2012" class="citation web cs1">Graham-Ashley, Heather (20 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/93394/iii_corps_new_commander_views_road_ahead_training_support">"III Corps' new commander views road ahead, training, support"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Army.mil&rft.atitle=III+Corps+completes+mission+in+Afghanistan%2C+returns+to+the+waiting+arms+of+family+and+friends+in+TX&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft.aulast=Scar&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mil%2Farticle%2F119875%2Fiii_corps_completes_mission_in_afghanistan_returns_to_the_waiting_arms_of_family_and_friends_in_tx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinnant2014" class="citation web cs1">Hinnant, Jim (18 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article-amp/131856/milley_takes_forscom_colors_allyn_departs_fort_bragg_to_become_army_vice_chief">"Milley takes FORSCOM colors, Allyn departs Fort Bragg to become Army vice chief"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+Close+to+Finalizing+Pinks+and+Greens+Uniform+for+All+Soldiers&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.com%2Fdaily-news%2F2017%2F11%2F03%2Farmy-close-finalizing-pinks-greens-uniform-all-soldiers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoldier2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Soldier, P. E. O. (10 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/standto/archive/2018/01/10/">"Pink and Green Uniform"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+crackdown+before+Trump%27s+photo+op%3A+How+law+enforcement+cleared+protesters+outside+the+White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Finvestigations%2F2020%2F06%2F08%2Ftimeline-trump-church-photo-op%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2020-06-02/pentagon-distances-esper-milley-from-trumps-church-photo-op">"Pentagon Distances Leaders From Trump Photo Op"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215212307/https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2020-06-02/pentagon-distances-esper-milley-from-trumps-church-photo-op">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Pentagon+Distances+Leaders+From+Trump+Photo+Op&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-news%2Farticles%2F2020-06-02%2Fpentagon-distances-esper-milley-from-trumps-church-photo-op&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmittCooperGibbons-NeffHaberman2020" class="citation news cs1">Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Haberman, Maggie (3 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/us/politics/esper-milley-trump-protest.html">"Esper Breaks With Trump on Using Troops Against Protesters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626201528/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/us/politics/esper-milley-trump-protest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Esper+Breaks+With+Trump+on+Using+Troops+Against+Protesters&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Helene&rft.au=Gibbons-Neff%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fesper-milley-trump-protest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-s-church-photo-op-took-defense-secretary-esper-gen-n1222391">"Trump's church photo-op took Esper, Milley by surprise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 2 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603151927/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-s-church-photo-op-took-defense-secretary-esper-gen-n1222391">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+church+photo-op+took+Esper%2C+Milley+by+surprise&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house%2Ftrump-s-church-photo-op-took-defense-secretary-esper-gen-n1222391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpinelli" class="citation web cs1">Spinelli, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/06/top-general-defends-his-actions-after-appearing-in-trump-photo-op/">"Top general defends his actions after appearing in Trump photo op"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117071018/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/06/top-general-defends-his-actions-after-appearing-in-trump-photo-op/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Top+general+defends+his+actions+after+appearing+in+Trump+photo+op&rft.aulast=Spinelli&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F06%2Ftop-general-defends-his-actions-after-appearing-in-trump-photo-op%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stoodup-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stoodup_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stoodup_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgen2021" class="citation web cs1">Borgen, Julian (18 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/18/mark-milley-us-general-who-stood-up-to-trump-founders-over-kabul-strike">"Mark Milley, US general who stood up to Trump, founders over Kabul strike"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024132136/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/18/mark-milley-us-general-who-stood-up-to-trump-founders-over-kabul-strike">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mark+Milley%2C+US+general+who+stood+up+to+Trump%2C+founders+over+Kabul+strike&rft.date=2021-09-18&rft.aulast=Borgen&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fsep%2F18%2Fmark-milley-us-general-who-stood-up-to-trump-founders-over-kabul-strike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheth2021" class="citation web cs1">Sheth, Sonam (16 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/milley-fucking-done-shit-trump-bible-photo-lafayette-george-floyd-2021-9">"Gen. Mark Milley fumed that he was 'fucking done with this shit' after Trump used him to stage a photo op during George Floyd protests: book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922192453/https://www.businessinsider.com/milley-fucking-done-shit-trump-bible-photo-lafayette-george-floyd-2021-9">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Gen.+Mark+Milley+fumed+that+he+was+%27fucking+done+with+this+shit%27+after+Trump+used+him+to+stage+a+photo+op+during+George+Floyd+protests%3A+book&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft.aulast=Sheth&rft.aufirst=Sonam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmilley-fucking-done-shit-trump-bible-photo-lafayette-george-floyd-2021-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peril-82"><a href="#cite_ref-peril_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodwardCosta2021" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Bob; Costa, Robert (21 September 2021). <a href="/wiki/Peril_(book)" title="Peril (book)">Peril</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. pp. 170–171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-982182-91-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-982182-91-5"><bdi>978-1-982182-91-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peril&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E170-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft.isbn=978-1-982182-91-5&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Costa%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta2020" class="citation news cs1">Mehta, Aaron (7 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/06/05/esper-milley-wont-testify-before-the-house/">"House Armed Services Committee, Pentagon clash over Esper and Milley testimony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Defense_News" title="Defense News">Defense News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200608155739/https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/06/05/esper-milley-wont-testify-before-the-house/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defense+News&rft.atitle=House+Armed+Services+Committee%2C+Pentagon+clash+over+Esper+and+Milley+testimony&rft.date=2020-06-07&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fcongress%2F2020%2F06%2F05%2Fesper-milley-wont-testify-before-the-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman2020" class="citation news cs1">Bowman, Tom (9 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/07/09/889502158/esper-and-milley-testify-on-militarys-role-in-handling-recent-protests">"Esper And Milley Testify On Military's Role in Handling Recent Protests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119080655/https://www.npr.org/2020/07/09/889502158/esper-and-milley-testify-on-militarys-role-in-handling-recent-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Esper+And+Milley+Testify+On+Military%27s+Role+in+Handling+Recent+Protests&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F07%2F09%2F889502158%2Fesper-and-milley-testify-on-militarys-role-in-handling-recent-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katiecouric.com/news/mark-milley-trump-resignation-letter/">Mark Milley's Scathing, Never-Sent Resignation Letter to Trump</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230729222235/https://katiecouric.com/news/mark-milley-trump-resignation-letter/?utm_source=zergnet&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=zergnet">Archived</a> July 29, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Katie Couric Media. August 8, 2022. By Sehr Taneja. Retrieved 23-07-29. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubeLee2020" class="citation web cs1">Kube, Courtney; Lee, Carol E. (11 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/joint-chiefs-chairman-milley-discussed-resigning-over-role-trump-s-n1230116">"Joint Chiefs Chairman Milley discussed resigning over role in Trump's church photo op"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308172649/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/joint-chiefs-chairman-milley-discussed-resigning-over-role-trump-s-n1230116//">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Joint+Chiefs+Chairman+Milley+discussed+resigning+over+role+in+Trump%27s+church+photo+op&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Kube&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft.au=Lee%2C+Carol+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fjoint-chiefs-chairman-milley-discussed-resigning-over-role-trump-s-n1230116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/us/george-floyd-protests.html#link-24a6c80d">"'I should not have been there,' General Milley says about the Trump photo op"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 12 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308230902/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/us/george-floyd-protests.html#link-24a6c80d">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27I+should+not+have+been+there%2C%27+General+Milley+says+about+the+Trump+photo+op.&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fus%2Fgeorge-floyd-protests.html%23link-24a6c80d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGangelHerbCohenStuart2021" class="citation web cs1">Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy; Cohen, Marshall; Stuart, Elizabeth; Starr, Barbara (14 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/14/politics/donald-trump-election-coup-new-book-excerpt/index.html">"'They're not going to f**king succeed': Top generals feared Trump would attempt a coup after election, according to new book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=%27They%27re+not+going+to+f%2A%2Aking+succeed%27%3A+Top+generals+feared+Trump+would+attempt+a+coup+after+election%2C+according+to+new+book&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft.aulast=Gangel&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Herb%2C+Jeremy&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Marshall&rft.au=Stuart%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Starr%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F07%2F14%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-election-coup-new-book-excerpt%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGangelHerbCohenStuart2021" class="citation web cs1">Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy; Cohen, Marshall; Stuart, Elizabeth (15 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/14/politics/donald-trump-election-coup-new-book-excerpt/index.html">"'They're not going to f**king succeed': Top generals feared Trump would attempt a coup after election, according to new book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919040105/https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/14/politics/donald-trump-election-coup-new-book-excerpt/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27They%27re+not+going+to+f%2A%2Aking+succeed%27%3A+Top+generals+feared+Trump+would+attempt+a+coup+after+election%2C+according+to+new+book&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2021-07-15&rft.aulast=Gangel&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Herb%2C+Jeremy&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Marshall&rft.au=Stuart%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F07%2F14%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-election-coup-new-book-excerpt%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/joint-chiefs-chairperson-feared-potential-reichstag-moment-aimed-at-keeping-trump-in-power/">"Joint Chiefs chairperson feared potential 'Reichstag moment' aimed at keeping Trump in power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a>. 14 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716021532/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/joint-chiefs-chairperson-feared-potential-reichstag-moment-aimed-at-keeping-trump-in-power/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Joint+Chiefs+chairperson+feared+potential+%27Reichstag+moment%27+aimed+at+keeping+Trump+in+power&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2Fjoint-chiefs-chairperson-feared-potential-reichstag-moment-aimed-at-keeping-trump-in-power%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForgey2021" class="citation news cs1">Forgey, Quint (15 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/15/trump-deny-coup-mark-milley-499763">"Trump denies coup attempt in latest attack on Milley"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722012106/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/15/trump-deny-coup-mark-milley-499763">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+denies+coup+attempt+in+latest+attack+on+Milley&rft.date=2021-07-15&rft.aulast=Forgey&rft.aufirst=Quint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F07%2F15%2Ftrump-deny-coup-mark-milley-499763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/JCS%20Message%20to%20the%20Joint%20Force%20JAN%2012%2021.pdf">"Memorandum for the Joint Force"</a> (PDF). The United States Joint Chiefs of Staff. 12 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318001110/https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/JCS%20Message%20to%20the%20Joint%20Force%20JAN%2012%2021.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+States+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff&rft.atitle=Memorandum+for+the+Joint+Force&rft.date=2021-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcs.mil%2FPortals%2F36%2FDocuments%2FJCS%2520Message%2520to%2520the%2520Joint%2520Force%2520JAN%252012%252021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/12/politics/joint-chiefs-memo-capitol-insurrection/index.html">"Military Joint Chiefs statement condemning 'sedition and insurrection' at US Capitol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 12 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113212540/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/12/politics/joint-chiefs-memo-capitol-insurrection/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Military+Joint+Chiefs+statement+condemning+%27sedition+and+insurrection%27+at+US+Capitol&rft.date=2021-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F01%2F12%2Fpolitics%2Fjoint-chiefs-memo-capitol-insurrection%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacias2021" class="citation web cs1">Macias, Amanda (12 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/12/top-military-leaders-condemn-sedition-and-insurrection-at-capitol-acknowledge-biden-win.html">"Top military leaders condemn 'sedition and insurrection' at Capitol, acknowledge Biden win"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113045439/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/12/top-military-leaders-condemn-sedition-and-insurrection-at-capitol-acknowledge-biden-win.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+military+leaders+condemn+%27sedition+and+insurrection%27+at+Capitol%2C+acknowledge+Biden+win&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2021-01-12&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F01%2F12%2Ftop-military-leaders-condemn-sedition-and-insurrection-at-capitol-acknowledge-biden-win.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2021" class="citation web cs1">Coleman, Justine (3 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/defense/541343-joint-chiefs-chairman-military-response-on-jan-6-was-super-fast">"Joint Chiefs chairman: Military response on Jan. 6 was 'super fast'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402214628/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/541343-joint-chiefs-chairman-military-response-on-jan-6-was-super-fast">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2021. 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Retrieved 29 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Pelosi+pushes+back+on+Joint+Chiefs+chairman%27s+account+of+Guard+deployment+on+Jan.+6&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F550748-pelosi-pushes-back-on-joint-chiefs-chairmans-account-of-guard-deployment-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worried-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worried_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worried_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwan2021" class="citation web cs1">Swan, Jonathan (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/mark-milley-woodward-trump-crisis-bb8a80b1-3e3a-492b-934a-99825cc6ef7f.html">"Inside the crisis surrounding Gen. 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Retrieved 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Report%3A+China+may+have+700+nukes+by+2027%2C+had+feared+war+with+U.S.+in+2020&rft.date=2021-11-03&rft.aulast=Kube&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnational-security%2Fchina-has-upped-nuke-production-worried-u-s-would-start-n1283096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinezSeyler2021" class="citation news cs1">Martinez, Luis; Seyler, Matt (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/milley-defends-calls-china-amid-concerns-trump/story?id=80279037">"Milley defends calls to China amid concerns about Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211014045132/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/milley-defends-calls-china-amid-concerns-trump/story?id=80279037">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2021. 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Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Why+Milley+secretly+secured+nuclear+codes%2C+called+China+in+final+days+of+Trump+presidency&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fshow%2Fwhy-milley-secretly-secured-nuclear-codes-called-china-in-final-days-of-trump-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtCullen2021" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael; Cullen, Matthew (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/14/us/politics/peril-woodward-book-trump.html">"Fears That Trump Might Launch a Strike Prompted General to Reassure China, Book Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210915142745/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/14/us/politics/peril-woodward-book-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fears+That+Trump+Might+Launch+a+Strike+Prompted+General+to+Reassure+China%2C+Book+Says&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Cullen%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F14%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fperil-woodward-book-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_103-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLubold2021" class="citation news cs1">Lubold, Gordon (17 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/mark-milley-says-calls-to-chinese-general-were-within-his-duties-11631878596">"Mark Milley Says Calls to Chinese General Were Within His Duties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920002232/https://www.wsj.com/articles/mark-milley-says-calls-to-chinese-general-were-within-his-duties-11631878596">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Mark+Milley+Says+Calls+to+Chinese+General+Were+Within+His+Duties&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Lubold&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmark-milley-says-calls-to-chinese-general-were-within-his-duties-11631878596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_104-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_104-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2021" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Katie Bo (17 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/trump-defense-secretary-call-china-milley/index.html">"Office of Trump's defense secretary held call with China on January 6, two days before Milley's controversial call"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921031944/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/trump-defense-secretary-call-china-milley/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Office+of+Trump%27s+defense+secretary+held+call+with+China+on+January+6%2C+two+days+before+Milley%27s+controversial+call&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Katie+Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-defense-secretary-call-china-milley%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsHerb2021" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Katie Bo; Herb, Jeremy (16 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/politics/milley-woodward-china-trump/index.html">"Pentagon, White House mobilize defense of Milley amid criticism over China calls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921025711/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/politics/milley-woodward-china-trump/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Pentagon%2C+White+House+mobilize+defense+of+Milley+amid+criticism+over+China+calls&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Katie+Bo&rft.au=Herb%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F15%2Fpolitics%2Fmilley-woodward-china-trump%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffinSingman2021" class="citation news cs1">Griffin, Jennifer; Singman, Brooke (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/milley-calls-with-chinese-counterpart-were-not-secret-us-officials">"Milley calls with Chinese counterpart 'were not secret': US officials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921084230/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/milley-calls-with-chinese-counterpart-were-not-secret-us-officials">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Milley+calls+with+Chinese+counterpart+%27were+not+secret%27%3A+US+officials&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Singman%2C+Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmilley-calls-with-chinese-counterpart-were-not-secret-us-officials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_107-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStracqualursi2021" class="citation web cs1">Stracqualursi, Veronica (17 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/mark-milley-defends-china-calls-trump/index.html">"Wall Street Journal: Milley defends calls to China during Trump presidency as 'perfectly' within his duties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921075308/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/17/politics/mark-milley-defends-china-calls-trump/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Wall+Street+Journal%3A+Milley+defends+calls+to+China+during+Trump+presidency+as+%27perfectly%27+within+his+duties&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.aulast=Stracqualursi&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Fpolitics%2Fmark-milley-defends-china-calls-trump%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-108"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeligmanLippman2021" class="citation web cs1">Seligman, Lara; Lippman, Daniel (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/15/claims-that-milley-made-secret-calls-to-chinese-leaders-exaggerated-sources-say-511918">"Claims that Milley made 'secret' calls to Chinese leaders exaggerated, sources say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920180139/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/15/claims-that-milley-made-secret-calls-to-chinese-leaders-exaggerated-sources-say-511918">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Claims+that+Milley+made+%27secret%27+calls+to+Chinese+leaders+exaggerated%2C+sources+say&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft.au=Lippman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F09%2F15%2Fclaims-that-milley-made-secret-calls-to-chinese-leaders-exaggerated-sources-say-511918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlGittleson2021" class="citation web cs1">Karl, Jonathan; Gittleson, Ben (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-great-confidence-milley-secret-actions-trumps-final/story?id=80040052">"Biden has 'great confidence' in Milley after secret actions in Trump's final months"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921025523/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-great-confidence-milley-secret-actions-trumps-final/story?id=80040052">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biden+has+%27great+confidence%27+in+Milley+after+secret+actions+in+Trump%27s+final+months&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Karl&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Gittleson%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fbiden-great-confidence-milley-secret-actions-trumps-final%2Fstory%3Fid%3D80040052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingman2021" class="citation web cs1">Singman, Brooke (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-acting-defense-sec-miller-says-he-did-not-authorize-milley-china-calls-says-he-should-resign">"Trump acting Defense Secretary Miller says he 'did not' authorize Milley China calls, says he should resign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921155902/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-acting-defense-sec-miller-says-he-did-not-authorize-milley-china-calls-says-he-should-resign">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Trump+acting+Defense+Secretary+Miller+says+he+%27did+not%27+authorize+Milley+China+calls%2C+says+he+should+resign&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Singman&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-acting-defense-sec-miller-says-he-did-not-authorize-milley-china-calls-says-he-should-resign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHortonDemirjianWagner2021" class="citation news cs1">Horton, Alex; Demirjian, Karoun; Wagner, John (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/general-milley-china-calls/2021/09/28/2b319e44-2099-11ec-8200-5e3fd4c49f5e_story.html">"Milley defends calls made to his Chinese counterpart, saying they were sanctioned and briefed across the administration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001132558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/general-milley-china-calls/2021/09/28/2b319e44-2099-11ec-8200-5e3fd4c49f5e_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Milley+defends+calls+made+to+his+Chinese+counterpart%2C+saying+they+were+sanctioned+and+briefed+across+the+administration&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Demirjian%2C+Karoun&rft.au=Wagner%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Fgeneral-milley-china-calls%2F2021%2F09%2F28%2F2b319e44-2099-11ec-8200-5e3fd4c49f5e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/top-us-generals-calls-with-china-did-not-go-around-civilian-leaders-spokesman-2021-09-15/">"Biden backs top general Milley after reported 'secret' calls with China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 15 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917100523/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/top-us-generals-calls-with-china-did-not-go-around-civilian-leaders-spokesman-2021-09-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Biden+backs+top+general+Milley+after+reported+%27secret%27+calls+with+China&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Ftop-us-generals-calls-with-china-did-not-go-around-civilian-leaders-spokesman-2021-09-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelaney2021" class="citation web cs1">Delaney, Robert (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3150486/top-us-military-official-defends-phone-calls-chinese-counterpart-during">"Top US military official defends phone calls to Chinese counterpart made during final days of Trump presidency"</a>. South China Morning Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211013101555/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3150486/top-us-military-official-defends-phone-calls-chinese-counterpart-during">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Top+US+military+official+defends+phone+calls+to+Chinese+counterpart+made+during+final+days+of+Trump+presidency&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Farticle%2F3150486%2Ftop-us-military-official-defends-phone-calls-chinese-counterpart-during&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeaganne2021" class="citation web cs1">Teaganne, Finn (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/gen-milley-defends-call-china-says-he-wasn-t-trying-n1280239">"Gen. Milley says he wasn't trying to undermine Trump in China call"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211013233442/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/gen-milley-defends-call-china-says-he-wasn-t-trying-n1280239">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Gen.+Milley+says+he+wasn%27t+trying+to+undermine+Trump+in+China+call&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft.aulast=Teaganne&rft.aufirst=Finn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnational-security%2Fgen-milley-defends-call-china-says-he-wasn-t-trying-n1280239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LemBu-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LemBu_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LemBu_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemireBurns2021" class="citation web cs1">Lemire, Jonathan; Burns, Robert (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-china-united-states-michael-pence-joint-chiefs-of-staff-caba520490ba574393f1cb6d1e961dba">"Milley defends calls to Chinese as effort to avoid conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921032046/https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-china-united-states-michael-pence-joint-chiefs-of-staff-caba520490ba574393f1cb6d1e961dba">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Milley+defends+calls+to+Chinese+as+effort+to+avoid+conflict&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Lemire&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Burns%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdonald-trump-china-united-states-michael-pence-joint-chiefs-of-staff-caba520490ba574393f1cb6d1e961dba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gangel-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gangel_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gangel_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGangelHerbStuart2021" class="citation web cs1">Gangel, Jamie; Herb, Jeremy; Stuart, Elizabeth (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/14/politics/woodward-book-trump-nuclear/index.html">"Woodward/Costa book: Worried Trump could 'go rogue,' Milley took top-secret action to protect nuclear weapons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921172812/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/14/politics/woodward-book-trump-nuclear/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Woodward%2FCosta+book%3A+Worried+Trump+could+%27go+rogue%2C%27+Milley+took+top-secret+action+to+protect+nuclear+weapons&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Gangel&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Herb%2C+Jeremy&rft.au=Stuart%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F14%2Fpolitics%2Fwoodward-book-trump-nuclear%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-117"><a href="#cite_ref-:17_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreBrufke2021" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Mark; Brufke, Juliegrace (16 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2021/09/16/freedom-caucus-demands-austin-probe-milley-calls-to-chinafreedom-caucus-demands-lloyd-austin-probe-mark/">"Freedom Caucus demands Lloyd Austin probe Mark Milley's calls to China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918055113/https://nypost.com/2021/09/16/freedom-caucus-demands-austin-probe-milley-calls-to-chinafreedom-caucus-demands-lloyd-austin-probe-mark/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Freedom+Caucus+demands+Lloyd+Austin+probe+Mark+Milley%27s+calls+to+China&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Brufke%2C+Juliegrace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2021%2F09%2F16%2Ffreedom-caucus-demands-austin-probe-milley-calls-to-chinafreedom-caucus-demands-lloyd-austin-probe-mark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertling2021" class="citation web cs1">Hertling, Mark (17 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/16/opinions/milley-woodward-costa-book-hertling/index.html">"Retired General: General Milley did his job"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918142404/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/16/opinions/milley-woodward-costa-book-hertling/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Retired+General%3A+General+Milley+did+his+job&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.aulast=Hertling&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F16%2Fopinions%2Fmilley-woodward-costa-book-hertling%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_119-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzger2021" class="citation web cs1">Metzger, Bryan (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/republicans-milley-fired-resign-court-martialed-treason-china-trump-call-2021-9">"Republicans call Gen. Mark Milley 'traitor,' and say he should be fired or court-martialed for a report that he secretly intervened to avoid war with China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920220631/https://www.businessinsider.com/republicans-milley-fired-resign-court-martialed-treason-china-trump-call-2021-9">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Republicans+call+Gen.+Mark+Milley+%27traitor%2C%27+and+say+he+should+be+fired+or+court-martialed+for+a+report+that+he+secretly+intervened+to+avoid+war+with+China&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Frepublicans-milley-fired-resign-court-martialed-treason-china-trump-call-2021-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schnell-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnell2021" class="citation web cs1">Schnell, Mychael (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/572292-trump-calls-milley-story-fake-news">"Trump calls Milley story 'fake news'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918014014/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/572292-trump-calls-milley-story-fake-news">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Trump+calls+Milley+story+%27fake+news%27&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Schnell&rft.aufirst=Mychael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F572292-trump-calls-milley-story-fake-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuebsaengRawnsley2021" class="citation news cs1">Suebsaeng, Asawin; Rawnsley, Adam (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-calls-allies-to-demand-gen-mark-milley-be-arrested-for-treason">"Trump Calls Allies to Demand Gen. Mark Milley Be 'Arrested' for 'Treason'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917081152/https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-calls-allies-to-demand-gen-mark-milley-be-arrested-for-treason">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Trump+Calls+Allies+to+Demand+Gen.+Mark+Milley+Be+%27Arrested%27+for+%27Treason%27&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Suebsaeng&rft.aufirst=Asawin&rft.au=Rawnsley%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Ftrump-calls-allies-to-demand-gen-mark-milley-be-arrested-for-treason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeals2021" class="citation web cs1">Beals, Monique (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/572267-rubio-demands-biden-fire-gen-milley">"Rubio demands Biden fire Milley"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921113041/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/572267-rubio-demands-biden-fire-gen-milley">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Rubio+demands+Biden+fire+Milley&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Beals&rft.aufirst=Monique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F572267-rubio-demands-biden-fire-gen-milley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/milley-biden-trump-military-politics/2021/09/16/84e4e6aa-1700-11ec-ae9a-9c36751cf799_story.html">"New disclosures show how Gen. Mark A. Milley tried to check Trump. They could also further politicize the military"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814220516/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/milley-biden-trump-military-politics/2021/09/16/84e4e6aa-1700-11ec-ae9a-9c36751cf799_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+disclosures+show+how+Gen.+Mark+A.+Milley+tried+to+check+Trump.+They+could+also+further+politicize+the+military.&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Fmilley-biden-trump-military-politics%2F2021%2F09%2F16%2F84e4e6aa-1700-11ec-ae9a-9c36751cf799_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLummis2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Lummis, Cynthia [@SenLummis]</a> (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/SenLummis/status/1438138386070622209">"It's time for Gen. Milley to go. This accusation is a huge violation of his oath of office. https://t.co/RUMZt09VuX"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916124427/https://twitter.com/SenLummis/status/1438138386070622209">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+time+for+Gen.+Milley+to+go.+This+accusation+is+a+huge+violation+of+his+oath+of+office.+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FRUMZt09VuX&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Lummis&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FSenLummis%2Fstatus%2F1438138386070622209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul, Rand [@RandPaul]</a> (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RandPaul/status/1437936193333866501">"I don't care what you think of President Trump, the Chairman of the JCOS working to subvert the military chain of command and collude with China is exactly what we do not accept from military leaders in our country. He should be court martialed if true. https://t.co/cqWo2rXLEC"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210915121348/https://twitter.com/RandPaul/status/1437936193333866501">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+don%27t+care+what+you+think+of+President+Trump%2C+the+Chairman+of+the+JCOS+working+to+subvert+the+military+chain+of+command+and+collude+with+China+is+exactly+what+we+do+not+accept+from+military+leaders+in+our+country.+He+should+be+court+martialed+if+true.+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FcqWo2rXLEC&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Rand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRandPaul%2Fstatus%2F1437936193333866501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiggs2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Biggs" title="Andy Biggs">Biggs, Andy [@RepAndyBiggsAZ]</a> (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RepAndyBiggsAZ/status/1438150847175839748">"If the allegations are true, Gen Milley should go down in history as a traitor to the American people"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916124413/https://twitter.com/RepAndyBiggsAZ/status/1438150847175839748">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+the+allegations+are+true%2C+Gen+Milley+should+go+down+in+history+as+a+traitor+to+the+American+people.&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Biggs&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRepAndyBiggsAZ%2Fstatus%2F1438150847175839748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bishop" title="Dan Bishop">Bishop, Dan [@RepDanBishop]</a> (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RepDanBishop/status/1437893207031955458">"If true, Milley subverted US law, undermined the Commander-in-Chief and aided a foreign adversary. He should be fired immediately, as he would fire one of his troops for far less. https://t.co/Ge907YAq8u"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916124542/https://twitter.com/RepDanBishop/status/1437893207031955458">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+true%2C+Milley+subverted+US+law%2C+undermined+the+Commander-in-Chief+and+aided+a+foreign+adversary.+He+should+be+fired+immediately%2C+as+he+would+fire+one+of+his+troops+for+far+less.+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FGe907YAq8u&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRepDanBishop%2Fstatus%2F1437893207031955458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonalds2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Byron_Donalds" title="Byron Donalds">Donalds, Byron [@ByronDonalds]</a> (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/ByronDonalds/status/1437901585896681486">"This bombshell allegation is next to treasonist and exposes a disturbing trend to undermine the commander in chief by members of the top brass of America's Armed Services. Mark Milley must resign immediately if these allegations prove true. https://t.co/Vu6FnMe0QZ https://t.co/QaxKsy5oQc"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916124501/https://twitter.com/ByronDonalds/status/1437901585896681486">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+bombshell+allegation+is+next+to+treasonist+and+exposes+a+disturbing+trend+to+undermine+the+commander+in+chief+by+members+of+the+top+brass+of+America%27s+Armed+Services.+Mark+Milley+must+resign+immediately+if+these+allegations+prove+true.+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FVu6FnMe0QZ+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FQaxKsy5oQc&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Donalds&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FByronDonalds%2Fstatus%2F1437901585896681486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaetz2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Gaetz, Matt [@RepMattGaetz]</a> (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RepMattGaetz/status/1438212023981051904">""On the House side, Rep. Matt Gaetz of Florida called for Milley's ouster, suggesting on @Newsmax that Milley had 'broken some very good laws.'" https://t.co/edkpyeyIci"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917070907/https://twitter.com/repmattgaetz/status/1438212023981051904">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22On+the+House+side%2C+Rep.+Matt+Gaetz+of+Florida+called+for+Milley%27s+ouster%2C+suggesting+on+%40Newsmax+that+Milley+had+%27broken+some+very+good+laws.%27%22+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FedkpyeyIci&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Gaetz&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRepMattGaetz%2Fstatus%2F1438212023981051904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Greene" class="mw-redirect" title="Marjorie Greene">Greene, Marjorie [@mtgreenee]</a> (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/mtgreenee/status/1438123171211878411">"Court-martial Mark Milley"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916043534/https://twitter.com/mtgreenee/status/1438123171211878411">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Court-martial+Mark+Milley.&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fmtgreenee%2Fstatus%2F1438123171211878411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHice2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jody_Hice" title="Jody Hice">Hice, Jody [@CongressmanHice]</a> (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/CongressmanHice/status/1438127934137569283">"If the #GeneralMilley reports are true, he subverted the president and conspired with a foreign power in a coup d'état. This shouldn't be a partisan issue! General Milley must be investigated!"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916124603/https://twitter.com/CongressmanHice/status/1438127934137569283">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+the+%23GeneralMilley+reports+are+true%2C+he+subverted+the+president+and+conspired+with+a+foreign+power+in+a+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat.+This+shouldn%27t+be+a+partisan+issue%21+General+Milley+must+be+investigated%21&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Hice&rft.aufirst=Jody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FCongressmanHice%2Fstatus%2F1438127934137569283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamborn2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lamborn" title="Doug Lamborn">Lamborn, Doug [@RepDLamborn]</a> (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RepDLamborn/status/1437927776003166208">"I am astounded by the extraordinary lack of judgment by Gen. Milley & his willingness to compromise our national security & risk American lives. If Milley really did coordinate with his counterparts in the #CCP, behind the back of the President, he should be relieved of duty"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210915113126/https://twitter.com/RepDLamborn/status/1437927776003166208">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+am+astounded+by+the+extraordinary+lack+of+judgment+by+Gen.+Milley+%26+his+willingness+to+compromise+our+national+security+%26+risk+American+lives.+If+Milley+really+did+coordinate+with+his+counterparts+in+the+%23CCP%2C+behind+the+back+of+the+President%2C+he+should+be+relieved+of+duty.&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Lamborn&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRepDLamborn%2Fstatus%2F1437927776003166208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2021" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Chris [@RepChrisStewart] (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RepChrisStewart/status/1437917381536407556">"If the reports about General Milley are true, he needs to be relieved of his duties. There's no justification for secret communication with our greatest adversary. There's no justification for treason. @POTUS: If this is verified, you need to immediately dismiss General Milley"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210915104620/https://twitter.com/RepChrisStewart/status/1437917381536407556">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+the+reports+about+General+Milley+are+true%2C+he+needs+to+be+relieved+of+his+duties.+There%27s+no+justification+for+secret+communication+with+our+greatest+adversary.+There%27s+no+justification+for+treason.+%40POTUS%3A+If+this+is+verified%2C+you+need+to+immediately+dismiss+General+Milley.&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRepChrisStewart%2Fstatus%2F1437917381536407556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Senators <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Cynthia Lummis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto3-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Marshall" title="Roger Marshall">Roger Marshall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto3-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> and Representatives <a href="/wiki/Andy_Biggs" title="Andy Biggs">Andy Biggs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Bishop" title="Dan Bishop">Dan Bishop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Byron_Donalds" title="Byron Donalds">Byron Donalds</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a>,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jody_Hice" title="Jody Hice">Jody Hice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doug_Lamborn" title="Doug Lamborn">Doug Lamborn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Stewart_(politician)" title="Chris Stewart (politician)">Chris Stewart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonam2021" class="citation news cs1">Sonam, Sheth (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alexander-vindman-calls-mark-milley-resign-china-calls-woodward-book-2021-9">"Trump impeachment witness Alexander Vindman says Gen. Mark Milley 'must resign' following report that he called his Chinese counterpart to avoid war with China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006020457/https://www.businessinsider.com/alexander-vindman-calls-mark-milley-resign-china-calls-woodward-book-2021-9">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+impeachment+witness+Alexander+Vindman+says+Gen.+Mark+Milley+%27must+resign%27+following+report+that+he+called+his+Chinese+counterpart+to+avoid+war+with+China&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Sonam&rft.aufirst=Sheth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Falexander-vindman-calls-mark-milley-resign-china-calls-woodward-book-2021-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/media/2021/09/15/alexander-vindman-woodward-trump-book-cpt-vpx-new.cnn">"Trump impeachment witness says Milley should resign if new book is true"</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> Video, 15 September 2021, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921001035/https://www.cnn.com/videos/media/2021/09/15/alexander-vindman-woodward-trump-book-cpt-vpx-new.cnn">archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2021, retrieved 15 September 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Video&rft.atitle=Trump+impeachment+witness+says+Milley+should+resign+if+new+book+is+true&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fmedia%2F2021%2F09%2F15%2Falexander-vindman-woodward-trump-book-cpt-vpx-new.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003123607/https://securebooks.in/2021/09/16/freedom-caucus-demands-that-mark-milleys-calls-to-china-be-investigated/">"Freedom Caucus demands that Mark Milley's calls to China be investigated"</a>. Securebooks.in. 16 September 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://securebooks.in/2021/09/16/freedom-caucus-demands-that-mark-milleys-calls-to-china-be-investigated/">the original</a> on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Securebooks.in&rft.atitle=Freedom+Caucus+demands+that+Mark+Milley%27s+calls+to+China+be+investigated&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecurebooks.in%2F2021%2F09%2F16%2Ffreedom-caucus-demands-that-mark-milleys-calls-to-china-be-investigated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepScottPerry2021" class="citation web cs1">@RepScottPerry (16 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917141514/https://twitter.com/RepScottPerry/status/1438534782296760326">"For the security of our Nation, @secdef must formally investigate Gen. Milley. He now has a letter demanding a formal Article 15-6 Investigation. No matter how many stars are on your shoulders, you're never above your oath to support and defend the Constitution"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RepScottPerry/status/1438534782296760326">the original</a> on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+the+security+of+our+Nation%2C+%40secdef+must+formally+investigate+Gen.+Milley.+He+now+has+a+letter+demanding+a+formal+Article+15-6+Investigation.+No+matter+how+many+stars+are+on+your+shoulders%2C+you%27re+never+above+your+oath+to+support+and+defend+the+Constitution.&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft.au=RepScottPerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRepScottPerry%2Fstatus%2F1438534782296760326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoot2021" class="citation news cs1">Boot, Max (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/14/milley-acted-prevent-trump-creating-disaster-dont-expect-future-generals-save-us/">"Opinion: Milley acted to prevent Trump from creating a disaster. But don't expect future generals to save us"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917051927/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/14/milley-acted-prevent-trump-creating-disaster-dont-expect-future-generals-save-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Milley+acted+to+prevent+Trump+from+creating+a+disaster.+But+don%27t+expect+future+generals+to+save+us.&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Boot&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2021%2F09%2F14%2Fmilley-acted-prevent-trump-creating-disaster-dont-expect-future-generals-save-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoot2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Boot" title="Max Boot">Boot, Max</a> (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/29/milley-deserves-an-apology-all-republicans-who-accused-him-treason/">"Opinion: Milley deserves an apology from all the Republicans who accused him of 'treason'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930124230/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/29/milley-deserves-an-apology-all-republicans-who-accused-him-treason/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Milley+deserves+an+apology+from+all+the+Republicans+who+accused+him+of+%27treason%27&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Boot&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2021%2F09%2F29%2Fmilley-deserves-an-apology-all-republicans-who-accused-him-treason%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownVanden_Brook2021" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Matthew; Vanden Brook, Tom (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/09/15/trump-rubio-accuse-general-milley-treason-over-woodward-expose/8346958002/">"Trump, Republicans call Gen. Mark Milley 'treasonous' for calls with China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917102833/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/09/15/trump-rubio-accuse-general-milley-treason-over-woodward-expose/8346958002/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Trump%2C+Republicans+call+Gen.+Mark+Milley+%27treasonous%27+for+calls+with+China&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Vanden+Brook%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F09%2F15%2Ftrump-rubio-accuse-general-milley-treason-over-woodward-expose%2F8346958002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinLiebermannJudd2021" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Betsy; Liebermann, Oren; Judd, Donald (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/politics/white-house-defends-milley/index.html">"Biden says he has 'great confidence' in Gen. Mark Milley after new reports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212830/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/15/politics/white-house-defends-milley/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Biden+says+he+has+%27great+confidence%27+in+Gen.+Mark+Milley+after+new+reports&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft.au=Liebermann%2C+Oren&rft.au=Judd%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F15%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house-defends-milley%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewartZengerle2021" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Phil; Zengerle, Patricia (29 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/top-us-general-milley-staunchly-defends-calls-with-china-2021-09-28/">"Under fierce Republican attack, U.S. General Milley defends calls with China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010003722/https://www.reuters.com/world/top-us-general-milley-staunchly-defends-calls-with-china-2021-09-28/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Under+fierce+Republican+attack%2C+U.S.+General+Milley+defends+calls+with+China&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft.au=Zengerle%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Ftop-us-general-milley-staunchly-defends-calls-with-china-2021-09-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowden2021" class="citation web cs1">Bowden, John (16 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/bolton-milley-china-call-b1921476.html">"John Bolton defends Milley's 'unquestioned' patriotism as Trump world rages"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918130330/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/bolton-milley-china-call-b1921476.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=John+Bolton+defends+Milley%27s+%27unquestioned%27+patriotism+as+Trump+world+rages&rft.date=2021-09-16&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Fbolton-milley-china-call-b1921476.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dvidshub.net/webcast/32774">"Webcast: Armed Forces Farewell Tribute in Honor of General Mark A. Milley and an Armed Forces Hail in Honor of General Charles Q. Brown Jr"</a>. DVIDS. Retrieved 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVIDS&rft.atitle=Webcast%3A+Armed+Forces+Farewell+Tribute+in+Honor+of+General+Mark+A.+Milley+and+an+Armed+Forces+Hail+in+Honor+of+General+Charles+Q.+Brown+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvidshub.net%2Fwebcast%2F32774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2023" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Helene (27 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230927151323/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/us/politics/general-mark-milley-trump-biden.html">"Wars, Pandemic, Insurrection, U.F.O.s: Gen. Mark Milley's Term Had It All"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/us/politics/general-mark-milley-trump-biden.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wars%2C+Pandemic%2C+Insurrection%2C+U.F.O.s%3A+Gen.+Mark+Milley%27s+Term+Had+It+All&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F09%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fgeneral-mark-milley-trump-biden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallLaportaPritchard2021" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Kristin M.; Laporta, James; Pritchard, Justin (18 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-e2ba30a8314d0642cbe8387fb9f34cae">"Top general 'shocked' by AP report on AWOL guns, mulls fix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617222634/https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-e2ba30a8314d0642cbe8387fb9f34cae">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Top+general+%27shocked%27+by+AP+report+on+AWOL+guns%2C+mulls+fix&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Kristin+M.&rft.au=Laporta%2C+James&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgovernment-and-politics-e2ba30a8314d0642cbe8387fb9f34cae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-148"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2021" class="citation web cs1">Cohn, Alicia (17 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/defense/559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms">"Milley downplays report of 1,900 lost or stolen military firearms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618123034/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Milley+downplays+report+of+1%2C900+lost+or+stolen+military+firearms&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fdefense%2F559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2021" class="citation web cs1">Cohn, Alicia (17 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/defense/559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms">"Milley downplays report of 1,900 lost or stolen military firearms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618123034/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Milley+downplays+report+of+1%2C900+lost+or+stolen+military+firearms&rft.date=2021-06-17&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fdefense%2F559083-milley-downplays-report-of-1900-lost-or-stolen-military-firearms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraine-military-victory-unlikely-soon-top-us-general-says/6837655.html">"Ukraine Military Victory Unlikely Soon, Top US General Says"</a>. VOA News. 16 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103203501/https://www.voanews.com/a/ukraine-military-victory-unlikely-soon-top-us-general-says/6837655.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Military+Victory+Unlikely+Soon%2C+Top+US+General+Says&rft.date=2022-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fukraine-military-victory-unlikely-soon-top-us-general-says%2F6837655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-16/milley-says-russia-s-reverses-give-ukraine-an-opening-for-negotiations">"Russia's Losses Give Ukraine an Opening for Negotiations, Top US General Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. 16 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426202240/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-16/milley-says-russia-s-reverses-give-ukraine-an-opening-for-negotiations">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Losses+Give+Ukraine+an+Opening+for+Negotiations%2C+Top+US+General+Says&rft.date=2022-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-11-16%2Fmilley-says-russia-s-reverses-give-ukraine-an-opening-for-negotiations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/top-us-general-says-russia-has-already-lost-the-ukraine-war-and-has-paid-an-enormous-price-on-the-battlefield/articleshow/97926139.cms">"Top US general says Russia has already 'lost' the Ukraine war and has paid an 'enormous price on the battlefield'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. 14 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306075634/https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/top-us-general-says-russia-has-already-lost-the-ukraine-war-and-has-paid-an-enormous-price-on-the-battlefield/articleshow/97926139.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Top+US+general+says+Russia+has+already+%27lost%27+the+Ukraine+war+and+has+paid+an+%27enormous+price+on+the+battlefield%27&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Finternational%2Fnews%2Ftop-us-general-says-russia-has-already-lost-the-ukraine-war-and-has-paid-an-enormous-price-on-the-battlefield%2Farticleshow%2F97926139.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeligman2021" class="citation news cs1">Seligman, Lara (30 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-milley-shouting-match-resign-497203">"Trump calls on Milley to resign after report of a shouting match between the two"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210701165320/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-milley-shouting-match-resign-497203">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+calls+on+Milley+to+resign+after+report+of+a+shouting+match+between+the+two&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F06%2F30%2Ftrump-milley-shouting-match-resign-497203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2021" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Connor (23 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/23/top-general-fires-back-criticism-military-woke-495703">"Top general fires back at 'offensive' criticism of military being 'woke'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629065255/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/23/top-general-fires-back-criticism-military-woke-495703">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Top+general+fires+back+at+%27offensive%27+criticism+of+military+being+%27woke%27&rft.date=2021-06-23&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Connor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F06%2F23%2Ftop-general-fires-back-criticism-military-woke-495703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtzleben2021" class="citation news cs1">Kurtzleben, Danielle (23 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/06/23/1009592838/top-general-defends-studying-critical-race-theory-in-the-military">"Top General Defends Studying Critical Race Theory In The Military"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703151832/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/23/1009592838/top-general-defends-studying-critical-race-theory-in-the-military">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Top+General+Defends+Studying+Critical+Race+Theory+In+The+Military&rft.date=2021-06-23&rft.aulast=Kurtzleben&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F06%2F23%2F1009592838%2Ftop-general-defends-studying-critical-race-theory-in-the-military&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkGains2021" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Dartunorro; Gains, Mosheh (23 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/military-leaders-push-back-questions-rep-gaetz-about-critical-race-n1272190">"Military leaders push back on questions by Rep. Gaetz about critical race theory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703013230/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/military-leaders-push-back-questions-rep-gaetz-about-critical-race-n1272190">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Military+leaders+push+back+on+questions+by+Rep.+Gaetz+about+critical+race+theory&rft.date=2021-06-23&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Dartunorro&rft.au=Gains%2C+Mosheh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Fmilitary-leaders-push-back-questions-rep-gaetz-about-critical-race-n1272190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haltiwanger-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haltiwanger_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haltiwanger_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaltiwanger2021" class="citation web cs1">Haltiwanger, John (28 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/milley-told-pelosi-not-qualified-to-determine-trumps-mental-health-2021-9">"Milley told Pelosi he's not qualified to determine Trump's 'mental health' when she expressed concern about the former president using nuclear weapons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211014003104/https://www.businessinsider.com/milley-told-pelosi-not-qualified-to-determine-trumps-mental-health-2021-9">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Milley+told+Pelosi+he%27s+not+qualified+to+determine+Trump%27s+%27mental+health%27+when+she+expressed+concern+about+the+former+president+using+nuclear+weapons&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft.aulast=Haltiwanger&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmilley-told-pelosi-not-qualified-to-determine-trumps-mental-health-2021-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930163504/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/under-fierce-republican-attack-us-general-milley-defends-calls-china-2208296">"Under fierce Republican attack, US General Milley defends calls with China"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=After+years+fighting+them%2C+Milley+talks+peace+with+Taliban&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmark-milley-taliban-peace-talks-5aa10724bbc4df823fd19ad2301837df&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-164"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2020/12/milley-meets-taliban-fragile-peace-negotiations/170839/">"Milley Meets With Taliban In Fragile Peace Negotiations"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+One&rft.atitle=Milley+Meets+With+Taliban+In+Fragile+Peace+Negotiations&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2020%2F12%2Fmilley-meets-taliban-fragile-peace-negotiations%2F170839%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2021" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Nic (24 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html">"Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190124/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+is+disintegrating+fast+as+Biden%27s+troop+withdrawal+continues&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Nic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F06%2F24%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/afghan-government-could-fall-within-six-months-of-us-military-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says/2021/06/24/42375b14-d52c-11eb-baed-4abcfa380a17_story.html">"Afghan government could fall within six months of U.S. military withdrawal, new intelligence assessment says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 24 June 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803154255/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/afghan-government-could-fall-within-six-months-of-us-military-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says/2021/06/24/42375b14-d52c-11eb-baed-4abcfa380a17_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2021. 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Mark Milley's Second Act: Multimillionaire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Gen.+Mark+Milley%27s+Second+Act%3A+Multimillionaire&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft.aulast=Klippenstein&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2024%2F03%2F11%2Fgeneral-mark-milley-paid-speeches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004142918/https://www.jcs.mil/About/The-Joint-Staff/Chairman/General-Mark-Alexander-Milley/">"20th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcs.mil/About/The-Joint-Staff/Chairman/General-Mark-Alexander-Milley/">the original</a> on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff&rft.atitle=20th+Chairman+of+the+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcs.mil%2FAbout%2FThe-Joint-Staff%2FChairman%2FGeneral-Mark-Alexander-Milley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cpr-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpr_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpr_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2020" class="citation news cs1">Morgan, Jared (16 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/11/16/gen-milleys-wife-saved-a-mans-life-at-the-veterans-day-wreath-laying-ceremony-at-arlington/">"Gen. Milley's wife saved a man's life at the Veterans Day wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Military_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Times">Military Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031101319/https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/11/16/gen-milleys-wife-saved-a-mans-life-at-the-veterans-day-wreath-laying-ceremony-at-arlington/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=Gen.+Milley%27s+wife+saved+a+man%27s+life+at+the+Veterans+Day+wreath-laying+ceremony+at+Arlington&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-military%2F2020%2F11%2F16%2Fgen-milleys-wife-saved-a-mans-life-at-the-veterans-day-wreath-laying-ceremony-at-arlington%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cpr2-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpr2_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpr2_189-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKube2020" class="citation news cs1">Kube, Courtney (16 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/gen-milley-s-wife-saved-vet-who-collapsed-veterans-day-n1247641">"Gen. Milley's wife saved vet who collapsed at Veterans Day ceremony in Arlington"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817032653/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/gen-milley-s-wife-saved-vet-who-collapsed-veterans-day-n1247641">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Gen.+Milley%27s+wife+saved+vet+who+collapsed+at+Veterans+Day+ceremony+in+Arlington&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft.aulast=Kube&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmilitary%2Fgen-milley-s-wife-saved-vet-who-collapsed-veterans-day-n1247641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptakSaenz2025" class="citation web cs1">Liptak, Kevin; Saenz, Arlette (20 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/20/politics/joe-biden-preemptive-pardons?cid=ios_app">"Biden issues preemptive pardons for Milley, Fauci and Jan. 6 committee members"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 20 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Biden+issues+preemptive+pardons+for+Milley%2C+Fauci+and+Jan.+6+committee+members&rft.date=2025-01-20&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Saenz%2C+Arlette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2025%2F01%2F20%2Fpolitics%2Fjoe-biden-preemptive-pardons%3Fcid%3Dios_app&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-trump-fauci-milley-pardons-january-6-3cba287f89051513fb48d7ae700ae747">"Biden pardons Fauci and Milley in an effort to guard against potential 'revenge' by Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a>. 20 January 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Biden+pardons+Fauci+and+Milley+in+an+effort+to+guard+against+potential+%27revenge%27+by+Trump&rft.date=2025-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbiden-trump-fauci-milley-pardons-january-6-3cba287f89051513fb48d7ae700ae747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig2025" class="citation web cs1">Craig, Sean (21 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/trump-starts-purge-with-midnight-BOOKING.COMtruth-social-firing-of-chef-jos%C3%A9-andr%C3%A9s-and-general-mark-milley/ar-AA1xA58u?ocid=BingNewsSerp">"Trump Starts Purge with Midnight Truth Social Firing of Chef José Andrés and General Mark Milley"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. Retrieved 22 January 2025 – via <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Trump+Starts+Purge+with+Midnight+Truth+Social+Firing+of+Chef+Jos%C3%A9+Andr%C3%A9s+and+General+Mark+Milley&rft.date=2025-01-21&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-starts-purge-with-midnight-BOOKING.COMtruth-social-firing-of-chef-jos%25C3%25A9-andr%25C3%25A9s-and-general-mark-milley%2Far-AA1xA58u%3Focid%3DBingNewsSerp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilleySchmidt2024" class="citation news cs1">Milley, Mark A.; Schmidt, Eric (5 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/ai-america-ready-wars-future-ukraine-israel-mark-milley-eric-schmidt">"America Isn't Ready for the Wars of the Future"</a>. Foreign Affairs. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120">0015-7120</a>. Retrieved 5 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=America+Isn%27t+Ready+for+the+Wars+of+the+Future&rft.date=2024-08-05&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=Milley&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Funited-states%2Fai-america-ready-wars-future-ukraine-israel-mark-milley-eric-schmidt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mark_A._Milley" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mark A. 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Milley</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lieutenant+General+Mark+A.+Milley&rft.pub=United+States+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forscom.army.mil%2Fcmd_staff%2Fgen_milley%2Fgen_milley.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Milley" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Terry" title="James L. Terry">James Terry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commanding General of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Mountain Division (United States)">10th Mountain Division</a> 2011–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Townsend" title="Stephen J. Townsend">Stephen Townsend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Campbell_Jr." title="Donald M. Campbell Jr.">Donald Campbell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commanding General of <a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="III Corps (United States)">III Corps</a> 2012–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sean_MacFarland" title="Sean MacFarland">Sean MacFarland</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Terry" title="James L. Terry">James Terry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commanding General of <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF-Joint Command</a> 2013–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(U.S._Army_general)" title="Joseph Anderson (U.S. Army general)">Joseph Anderson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_B._Allyn" title="Daniel B. Allyn">Daniel Allyn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Commanding_General,_United_States_Army_Forces_Command" title="Commanding General, United States Army Forces Command">Commanding General, United States Army Forces Command</a> 2014–2015 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Abrams" title="Robert B. Abrams">Robert B. Abrams</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Raymond T. Odierno</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> 2015–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">James C. McConville</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> 2019–2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">Charles Q. Brown Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a></div>as former <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> (2015–2019) </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a> as former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2019–2023) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_W._Grady" title="Christopher W. Grady">Christopher W. Grady</a></div>as <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Radford" title="Arthur W. Radford">Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Farragut_Twining" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Farragut Twining">Twining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Wheeler" title="Earle Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinman_Moorer" title="Thomas Hinman Moorer">Moorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown" title="George Scratchley Brown">G. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jones" title="David C. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Vessey_Jr." title="John William Vessey Jr.">Vessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Crowe" title="William J. Crowe">Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Jeremiah" title="David E. Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shalikashvili" title="John Shalikashvili">Shalikashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Shelton" title="Hugh Shelton">Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pace" title="Peter Pace">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Mullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Dunford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Milley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr." title="Charles Q. Brown Jr.">C. Q. Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Chairman_of_the_U.S._Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Chairman_of_the_U.S._Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Chairman_of_the_U.S._Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_Chairman_of_the_U.S._Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_Chairman_of_the_U.S._Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Chairman_of_the_U.S._Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="709" /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_United_States_Army3807" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_chiefs_of_staff" title="Template:US Army chiefs of staff"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Army_chiefs_of_staff" title="Template talk:US Army chiefs of staff"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_chiefs_of_staff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army chiefs of staff"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_United_States_Army3807" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer / Commanding General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doughty" title="John Doughty">Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harmar" title="Josiah Harmar">Harmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson" title="James Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Brown_(general)" title="Jacob Brown (general)">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_(general)" title="Alexander Macomb (general)">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">W. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles" title="Nelson A. Miles">Miles</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Baldwin_Marks_Young" title="Samuel Baldwin Marks Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adna_Chaffee" title="Adna Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Bates" title="John C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Franklin_Bell" title="J. Franklin Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Wotherspoon" title="William Wallace Wotherspoon">Wotherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Scott" title="Hugh L. Scott">H. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_H._Bliss" title="Tasker H. Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_C._March" title="Peyton C. March">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hines" title="John L. Hines">Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pelot_Summerall" title="Charles Pelot Summerall">Summerall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malin_Craig" title="Malin Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ridgway" title="Matthew Ridgway">Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Decker" title="George Decker">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Wheeler" title="Earle Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Keith_Johnson" title="Harold Keith Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">B. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Weyand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_W._Rogers" title="Bernard W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Meyer" title="Edward C. Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wickham_Jr." title="John A. Wickham Jr.">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Vuono" title="Carl E. Vuono">Vuono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Sullivan" title="Gordon R. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Reimer" title="Dennis Reimer">Reimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Shinseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schoomaker" title="Peter Schoomaker">Schoomaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Casey_Jr." title="George W. Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Odierno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Milley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_George" title="Randy George">George</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_H._Haislip" title="Wade H. Haislip">Haislip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hull" title="John E. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bolte" title="Charles L. Bolte">Bolte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston_B._Palmer" title="Williston B. Palmer">W. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Decker" title="George Decker">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_D._Eddleman" title="Clyde D. Eddleman">Eddleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Hamlett" title="Barksdale Hamlett">Hamlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Haines_Jr." title="Ralph E. Haines Jr.">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">B. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Weyand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Kerwin_Jr." title="Walter T. Kerwin Jr.">Kerwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kroesen" title="Frederick Kroesen">Kroesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Vessey_Jr." title="John William Vessey Jr.">Vessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wickham_Jr." title="John A. Wickham Jr.">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_R._Thurman" title="Maxwell R. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Brown_Jr." title="Arthur E. Brown Jr.">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._RisCassi" title="Robert W. RisCassi">RisCassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Sullivan" title="Gordon R. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Reimer" title="Dennis Reimer">Reimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Binford_Peay_III" title="J. H. Binford Peay III">Peay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Tilelli_Jr." title="John H. Tilelli Jr.">Tilelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_H._Griffith" title="Ronald H. 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