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title="">Comentario</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="page"> <div class="limiter clear-block"> <div class="sidebar sidebar-right"> <div id="block-views-sidebar-block_2" class="clear-block block block-views"> <div class="bcontent"><div class="view view-sidebar view-id-sidebar view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-field-copy-image-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://twitter.com/hrw_espanol"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/copy/banner_twitter_spanish.jpg" width="322" height="61" class="imagefield imagefield-field_copy_image"/></a></span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><iframe width="322" height="181" 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view-display-id-block_1 view-block-latest-news view-dom-id-3"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/01/25/nada-que-celebrar-en-mexico">Nada que celebrar en México</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Ene 25, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Opinión</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/01/24/estados-unidos-policia-de-washington-dc-no-investigo-casos-de-agresion-sexual">Estados Unidos: Policía de Washington DC no investigó casos de agresión sexual</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Ante decenas de incidentes no documentados, es necesario un control independiente que asegure investigaciones efectivas</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Ene 24, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/01/23/el-tratado-sobre-el-mercurio-ayudara-proteger-el-derecho-la-salud">El tratado sobre el mercurio ayudará a proteger el derecho a la salud</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Pero los gobiernos fracasan en planear una ruta de salida para la minería de oro a pequeña escala</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Ene 23, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/01/12/venezuela-frenar-censura-e-intimidacion-contra-medios-de-comunicacion">Venezuela: Frenar censura e intimidación contra medios de comunicación</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Medidas gubernamentales buscan censurar el debate sobre la salud de Chávez y su asunción</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Ene 12, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/01/10/tratado-sobre-el-mercurio-ultima-oportunidad-de-abordar-los-efectos-para-la-salud" class="active">Tratado sobre el mercurio: Última oportunidad de abordar los efectos para la salud</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Ene 10, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2013/01/03/estados-unidos-la-promulgacion-de-ley-de-defensa-implica-un-retroceso-en-la-situacio">Estados Unidos: La promulgación de ley de defensa implica un retroceso en la situación de la base de Guantánamo</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">El presidente debería renovar los esfuerzos para permitir el traslado de detenidos que recibieron autorización</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Ene 3, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2012/12/23/la-ue-debe-proteger-refugiados-sirios">La UE debe proteger a refugiados sirios</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Permitir el acceso al territorio de la UE y reforzar la asistencia en la región</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Dic 23, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row 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UU. debe divulgar informe sobre torturas de la CIA</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Los legisladores necesitan hechos concretos para impedir que se repitan las detenciones secretas y otros abusos en el futuro</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Dic 14, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Comunicado de prensa</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/list/all">Más noticias »</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-views-sidebar-block_1" class="clear-block block block-views"> <div class="bcontent"><div class="view view-sidebar view-id-sidebar view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-4"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-body"> <div 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oportunidad de abordar los efectos para la salud</a> </h6> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">10 de Enero de 2013</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fes%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F10%2Ftratado-sobre-el-mercurio-ultima-oportunidad-de-abordar-los-efectos-para-la-salud&count=horizontal&via=&text=Tratado%20sobre%20el%20mercurio%3A%20%C3%9Altima%20oportunidad%20de%20abordar%20los%20efectos%20para%20la%20salud&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fes%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F10%2Ftratado-sobre-el-mercurio-ultima-oportunidad-de-abordar-los-efectos-para-la-salud" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fes%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F10%2Ftratado-sobre-el-mercurio-ultima-oportunidad-de-abordar-los-efectos-para-la-salud&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=like&colorscheme=light&width=90&height=21&font=&locale=" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Facebook Like</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-printmail last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/es/printmail/news/2013/01/10/tratado-sobre-el-mercurio-ultima-oportunidad-de-abordar-los-efectos-para-la-salud" title="Send to a friend" class="service-links-printmail" rel="nofollow"><img src="/web/20130126003200im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/images/icons/mail.png" width="21" height="22"/> Email</a></li> </ul></div><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-images"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-images view-id-nodereference_related_images view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Tanzania_mercury.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>Four-year-old girl in Tanzania plays in an amalgamation pond contaminated with mercury while adults process gold.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2012_Tanzania_mercury.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Tanzania_mercury.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p>Four-year-old girl in Tanzania plays in an amalgamation pond contaminated with mercury while adults process gold. </p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2012 Zama Coursen-Neff/Human Rights Watch</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-filefield field-field-upload-file"> <div class="field-label">Downloadable Resources: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf icon" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/HRW Submission Mercury Treaty Nov 2012 final.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=623770" title="HRW Submission Mercury Treaty Nov 2012 final.pdf">HRW Mercury Treaty Submission</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-news-link"> <div class="field-label">More Coverage: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://multimedia.hrw.org/distribute/djxwzlrfse">Mercury Treaty: Last chance to Address Health Effects</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p><span face="">La propuesta de un tratado internacional para abordar los efectos nocivos del mercurio debería incluir disposiciones específicas destinadas a proteger la salud de los niños y otras poblaciones vulnerables, indicó hoy Human Rights Watch. Está previsto que los gobiernos se reúnan en Ginebra a partir del 13 de enero de 2013, para una quinta ronda definitiva de negociaciones sobre el tratado. El mercurio es un metal tóxico que ataca al sistema nervioso central y resulta particularmente nocivo para los niños. </span><br/> <br/> <span face="">Hasta el momento, la versión preliminar del tratado se ha centrado en aspectos ambientales y no ha tenido en cuenta el importante rol que corresponde al sector de salud en la solución de los problemas provocados por el mercurio, señaló Human Rights Watch. Los gobiernos occidentales se han resistido a incluir disposiciones más rigurosas sobre salud.</span><br/> <br/> <span face="">“Los delegados que participan en las negociaciones del tratado sobre el mercurio deberían aprovechar esta última oportunidad y formular estrategias de salud efectivas para prevenir y tratar la intoxicación por mercurio”, indicó </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/bios/juliane-kippenberg"><span face="">Juliane Kippenberg</span></a><span face="">, investigadora sénior de Human Rights Watch. “Cada día, millones de personas de todo el mundo se exponen al mercurio en la minería artesanal y en otros contextos. Existe una necesidad dramática de incrementar las medidas de prevención y tratamiento de la intoxicación por mercurio”.<br/> <br/> Las investigaciones de Human Rights Watch han documentado que quienes se dedican a la extracción de oro en pequeña escala utilizan mercurio para separar el oro de la mena, y al hacerlo se exponen a la posibilidad de intoxicación por mercurio. Al menos 13 millones de personas trabajan en la minería de oro artesanal en todo el mundo, incluidos numerosos niños. Pocas de estas personas son conscientes del peligro que implica.<br/> <br/> En Malí, Human Rights Watch entrevistó a niños de apenas 11 años que trabajan a diario con mercurio. En Papua Nueva Guinea, un médico informó a investigadores de Human Rights Watch sobre los efectos del mercurio para quienes trabajan en la minería a pequeña escala: “Tenemos decenas de casos de intoxicación por mercurio. ….Estas personas se quedan mirando la pared como si estuvieran ausentes. No se les puede hablar; no hablan ni nada. Son como zombis. Tenemos varios casos que no se recuperaron”.<br/> <br/> Muchos sistemas de salud no cuentan con recursos adecuados para atender casos de intoxicación por mercurio. Durante una investigación efectuada por Human Rights Watch en Tanzania, un funcionario médico de una zona minera señaló con preocupación que, por falta de capacitación, los trabajadores de la salud “no diagnosticaban acertadamente” a las personas que presentaban intoxicación por mercurio. </span><br/> <br/> <span face="">En una medida positiva, algunos gobiernos latinoamericanos propusieron incorporar un artículo independiente sobre salud en el tratado sobre el mercurio, comentó Human Rights Watch. El artículo debería exigir reforzar aspectos como información pública en materia de salud, investigación, vigilancia, pruebas, tratamiento y el desarrollo de la capacidad de los sistemas de salud para responder ante la exposición al mercurio. En una presentación enviada a los gobiernos, Human Rights Watch propuso un modelo para la redacción del artículo sobre salud.<br/> <br/> Human Rights Watch manifestó que consideraba positivo que la versión actual del artículo sobre extracción de oro a pequeña escala del tratado exija a las partes ofrecer actividades de salud pública para las comunidades dedicadas a la minería artesanal, pero señaló que esto no basta para solucionar el problema. El mercurio se emplea en diversos ámbitos y, a causa de esto, son varias las poblaciones afectadas. Entre otros fines, se usa en la producción de cloro, policloruro de vinilo (PCV) </span><span face="">—</span>una variedad de plástico—<span face="">, baterías y medicamentos odontológicos. La quema de combustibles fósiles, sobre todo el carbón, también contribuye notablemente a la emisión de mercurio. </span><br/> <br/> <span face="">Durante la última ronda de negociaciones, llevada a cabo en julio de 2012, varios gobiernos occidentales </span>—<span face="">especialmente </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/americas/canada"><span face="">Canadá</span></a><span face="">, </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/united-states"><span face="">Estados Unidos</span></a><span face=""> y miembros de la </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/tag/human-rights-european-union"><span face="">Unión Europea</span></a>—<span face="">rechazaron la posibilidad de incluir un artículo independiente sobre salud, con el argumento de que el tratado es de índole principalmente ambiental.</span><br/> <br/> <span face="">Señalaron que incluir estrategias de salud podría constituir una injerencia en el sector de salud e incrementar el costo de la implementación del tratado. Afirmaron asimismo que eran suficientes las referencias a estrategias de salud que existen actualmente en la versión preliminar. Esta postura dio lugar a un acalorado debate con los gobiernos latinoamericanos y africanos, cuyos representantes bregaban por un artículo sobre salud más riguroso.<br/> <br/> “La posición de Estados Unidos, Canadá y la Unión Europea ha sido decepcionante”, manifestó Kippenberg. “Los países más ricos deberían reconocer que las estrategias ambientales y de salud relativas al mercurio van de la mano,y  aportar recursos financieros para ambas”.</span><br/> <br/> <span face="">Está previsto que la adopción del tratado se produzca a fines de 2013 en Japón, bajo el nombre de “Convención de Minamata”. En la década de 1950, la ciudad de Minamata en </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/asia/japan"><span face="">Japón</span></a> <span face="">fue escenario de uno de los más trágicos episodios de intoxicación por mercurio de la historia, durante el cual perdieron la vida más de 1.700 personas y muchas más sufrieron enfermedades e incapacidades permanentes. No obstante, Japón ha permanecido en segundo plano durante los debates relativos a la inclusión de estrategias de salud en el tratado.</span><br/> <br/> <span face="">“Hoy Japón tiene la posibilidad de decir ‘Nunca más’”, expresó Kippenberg. “El país debería extraer alguna enseñanza de lo sucedido en Minamata y exigir de manera enérgica que se incluyan estrategias de salud en el tratado sobre mercurio”. </span><br/> <br/> <span face="">En todo el mundo, la degradación del medioambiente </span><span face="">—</span>incluida la contaminación por mercurio—<span face="">ha redundado en la negación de derechos, entre ellos el derecho a la salud, aseveró Human Rights Watch. Los gobiernos deberían hacer referencia al derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en el preámbulo del tratado e incorporar los derechos humanos a las normas ambientales.</span><br/> <br/> <span face="">La intoxicación por mercurio puede provocar una gran variedad de problemas para la salud. El mercurio puede atacar el sistema cardiovascular, los riñones, el tracto gastrointestinal, el sistema inmunológico y los pulmones. Entre los síntomas de la exposición a esta sustancia se incluyen temblores, espasmos, deterioro de la visión, jaquecas, y pérdida de la memoria y la concentración. La exposición a niveles más concentrados de mercurio puede causar insuficiencia renal y respiratoria, e incluso la muerte.</span><br/> <br/> <span face="">El mercurio es especialmente nocivo para los bebés en gestación y los niños pequeños, y puede transmitirse durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Puede causar daños irreversibles al desarrollo de un niño. Los investigadores se han referido a la intoxicación por mercurio como una </span><span face="">“epidemia invisible”.</span><br/> <br/> <strong><span face="">Para obtener más información acerca del trabajo de Human Rights Watch sobre los riesgos del mercurio, visite:</span></strong><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/dangers-of-mercury"><span face="">http://www.hrw.org/dangers-of-mercury</span></a><br/> <br/>  </p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2013/01/10" title="معاهدة الزئبق – الفرصة الأخيرة للتصدي للمشكلات الصحية للزئبق" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/01/10/mercury-treaty-last-chance-address-health-effects" title="Mercury Treaty: Last Chance to Address Health Effects" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/01/10/traite-sur-le-mercure-derniere-occasion-de-s-attaquer-aux-effets-de-cette-substance-" title="Traité sur le mercure : Dernière occasion de s’attaquer aux effets de cette substance sur la santé " class="translation-link">Français</a></li> <li class="node_translation_de last"><a href="/web/20130126003200/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2013/01/10/quecksilbervertrag-letzte-gelegenheit-fuer-gesundheitsschutz" title="Quecksilbervertrag: Letzte Gelegenheit für Gesundheitsschutz" class="translation-link">Deutsch</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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