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id="toc-Dates_in_England,_Northern_Ireland,_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_in_England,_Northern_Ireland,_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dates in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dates_in_England,_Northern_Ireland,_and_Wales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dates in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dates_in_England,_Northern_Ireland,_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates_in_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_in_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dates in Scotland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dates_in_Scotland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dates in Scotland subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dates_in_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_bank_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_bank_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>National bank holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_bank_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Local holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Special holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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the United Kingdom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAtes_et_jours_f%C3%A9ri%C3%A9s_au_Royaume-Uni" title="Fêtes et jours fériés au Royaume-Uni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fêtes et jours fériés au Royaume-Uni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%9C%B4%EC%9D%BC" title="영국의 공휴일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국의 공휴일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feestdagen_in_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Feestdagen in het Verenigd Koninkrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Feestdagen in het Verenigd Koninkrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Праздники Великобритании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Праздники Великобритании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Свята Великої Британії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свята Великої Британії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">public holidays</a> are days on which most businesses and non-essential services are closed. Many retail businesses (especially the larger ones) do open on some of the public holidays. There are restrictions on trading on Sundays, <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a> in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> and on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> and Christmas Day in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Public holidays defined by statute are called "<a href="/wiki/Bank_holiday" title="Bank holiday">bank holidays</a>", but this term can also be used to include <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> holidays, which are held by convention. The term "public holidays" can refer exclusively to common law holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no automatic right to paid time off on these days, or any right to a holiday at all,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but banks close and the majority of the working population is granted time off work or extra pay for working on these days, depending on their contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1980, collective agreements widely included public holidays as part of a standard entitlement to time off. Schedule 11 of the Employment Protection Act 1975 enabled mandatory extension of collective agreements across sectors, but this was repealed with effect from 1980, and the Fair Wages Resolution 1946 (affecting public sector contracts) was repealed with effect from 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This meant there was no effective legal mechanism for holidays until the <a href="/wiki/Working_Time_Regulations_1998" title="Working Time Regulations 1998">Working Time Regulations 1998</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Working_Time_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Working Time Directive">Working Time Directive</a> restored 20 and then 28 days paid holidays - however employers do not need to grant paid holidays on public holiday days. </p><p>There are eight bank holidays a year in England and Wales, nine in Scotland and ten in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. Additional days have been allocated for special events, such as <a href="/wiki/Royal_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal wedding">royal weddings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronations" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronations">coronations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_jubilees_of_British_monarchs" title="List of jubilees of British monarchs">jubilees</a>. There are seven bank holidays common to all jurisdictions: New Year's Day, <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, the early May bank holiday (<a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a>), the Spring bank holiday, the Summer bank holiday, Christmas Day, and <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a>. <a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> is a bank holiday in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but not in Scotland. In Northern Ireland, <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St Patrick's Day">St Patrick's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">Orangemen's Day</a> are also bank holidays. In Scotland, 2 January and <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrew's Day">St Andrew's Day</a> are bank holidays. The Summer bank holiday varies according to jurisdiction: in Scotland, it is on the first Monday in August, and in the rest of the United Kingdom, it is on the last Monday in August. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Good Friday and Christmas Day are common law holidays, having been customary holidays since <a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">time immemorial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TUC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TUC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first official bank holidays were named in the <a href="/wiki/Bank_Holidays_Act_1871" title="Bank Holidays Act 1871">Bank Holidays Act 1871</a>, introduced by <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party UK">Liberal</a> politician and banker <a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">Sir John Lubbock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TUC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TUC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Act, "no person was compelled to make any payment or to do any act upon a bank holiday which he would not be compelled to do or make on Christmas Day or Good Friday, and the making of a payment or the doing of an act on the following day was equivalent to doing it on the holiday".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People were so grateful that some called the first bank holidays <i>St Lubbock's Days</i> for a while.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215345927">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{width:auto!important}}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float{clear:none;float:left}.mw-parser-output .multicol-float-clear{clear:both}</style><div class="multicol-float" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>England, Wales and Ireland </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Bank holidays 1871 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Easter Monday </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whit_Monday" title="Whit Monday">Whit Monday</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/August_Bank_Holiday" title="August Bank Holiday">First Monday in August</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 December (or 27th if 26th is a Sunday) </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215345927"><div class="multicol-float" style=""> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Scotland </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Bank holidays 1871 </th></tr> <tr> <td>New Year's Day </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in May </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/August_Bank_Holiday" title="August Bank Holiday">First Monday in August</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christmas Day </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="multicol-float-clear" style=""></div> <p>The Act did not include Good Friday and Christmas Day as bank holidays in England, Wales, or Ireland because they were already recognised as common law holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-TUC_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TUC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_Holiday_(Ireland)_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act (page does not exist)">Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act</a> added 17 March, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a>, as a bank holiday in Ireland only.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Year's Day did not become a bank holiday in England, Wales and Northern Ireland until 1 January 1974. Boxing Day did not become a bank holiday in Scotland until 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1965, experimentally, the <a href="/wiki/August_Bank_Holiday" title="August Bank Holiday">August Bank Holiday</a> weekend was observed at the end of August "to give a lead in extending British holidays over a longer summer period".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each year's date was announced in Parliament on an <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a></i> basis, to the despair of the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">calendar</a> and diary publishing trade.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rule seems to have been to select the weekend of the last Saturday in August, so that in 1968<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1969<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bank Holiday Monday actually fell in September. <span class="anchor" id="Banking_and_Financial_Dealings_Act_1971"></span> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/140px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/210px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/280px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to make new provision in place of the Bank Holidays Act 1871, to confer power to suspend financial and other dealings on bank holidays or other days, and to amend the law relating to bills of exchange and promissory notes with reference to the maturity of bills and notes and other matters affected by the closing of banks on Saturdays, and for purposes connected therewith.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1971" title="List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1971">1971</a> c. 80</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 1971</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Repeals/revokes</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Holidays_Act_1871" title="Bank Holidays Act 1871">Bank Holidays Act 1871</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revenue_Offices_(Scotland)_Holidays_Act_1880&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revenue Offices (Scotland) Holidays Act 1880 (page does not exist)">Revenue Offices (Scotland) Holidays Act 1880</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Status: Amended</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/80/contents/enacted">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/id?title=Banking+and+Financial+Dealings+Act+1971">Text of the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</th></tr></tbody></table> <p>A century after the 1871 act, the <b>Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971</b> (c. 80), which currently regulates bank holidays in the UK, was passed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ready2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ready2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the current bank holidays were specified in the 1971 Act: however New Year's Day and May Day were not introduced throughout the whole of the UK until 1974 and 1978 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Scrope2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scrope2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date of the August bank holiday was changed from the first Monday in August to the last Monday in August in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (but not in Scotland), and the Whitsun bank holiday (Whit Monday) was replaced by the Late Spring Bank Holiday, fixed as the last Monday in May.<sup id="cite_ref-McWhirter1980_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McWhirter1980-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1978, the final Monday of May in Scotland (a statutory holiday in the rest of the UK) and the first Monday in May in the rest of the UK (a statutory holiday in Scotland) have been proclaimed as bank holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2007, the <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Day_Bank_Holiday_(Scotland)_Act_2007" title="St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007">St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007</a> was given <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>, making 30 November (or the following Monday if 30 November falls on a weekend) a bank holiday in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-GreatBritainParliamentHouseofLordsEuropeanUnionCommittee2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreatBritainParliamentHouseofLordsEuropeanUnionCommittee2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future">Future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are calls for extra public holidays on the <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">patron saints' days</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (for <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Day">St. George's Day</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Proposed_St_David%27s_Day_bank_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed St David's Day bank holiday">St. David's Day</a>). For example, in 2018 the Labour Party announced it would make those days bank holidays if elected.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, an online petition to the Prime Minister as to Wales received 3,577 signatures.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, it was reported that <a href="/wiki/St_Piran%27s_Day" title="St Piran's Day">St Piran's Day</a> (patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>) on 5 March is already given as an unofficial day off to many government and other workers in the county.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is suggested that a move from the May bank holiday to a St Piran's Day bank holiday in Cornwall would benefit the Cornish economy by £20–35 million.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of holidays in the UK is relatively small compared to many other European countries. However, direct comparison is inaccurate since the 'substitute day' scheme of deferment does not apply in most European countries, where holidays that coincide with a weekend (29% of fixed-date holidays) are "lost".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In fact, the average number of non-weekend holidays in such countries is only marginally higher (and in some cases lower) than the UK.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Worth mentioning is that public holidays in Europe which fall on Thursday or Tuesday typically become "<a href="/wiki/Puente_(holiday)" title="Puente (holiday)">puente</a>" or "bridge" four-day or even six-day extended <a href="/wiki/Long_weekend" title="Long weekend">holiday weekends</a> as people tend to use one or two days from their holiday entitlement to take off Monday and/or Friday.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the election of the <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">coalition government</a> in May 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Culture, Media and Sport">Department of Culture, Media and Sport</a> launched a pre-consultation in 2011 which included the suggestion of moving the May Day Bank Holiday to October, to be a "UK Day" or "Trafalgar Day" (21 October) or to St David's Day and St  George's Day.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_basis">Legal basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bank_holiday" title="Bank holiday">Bank holidays</a> are established in several ways: </p> <ul><li>by statute (<b>statutory holidays</b>) – Holidays specifically listed in the <a href="#History">Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Royal_proclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal proclamation">royal proclamation</a> – Under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, bank holidays are proclaimed each year by the legal device of a royal proclamation.</li> <li>by convention (<b>common law holidays</b>) - Holidays established in common law (not applicable in Scotland)</li></ul> <p>Royal proclamation is also used to move bank holidays that would otherwise fall on a weekend and to create extra one-off bank holidays for special occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act does not provide for a bank holiday to be suppressed by royal proclamation without appointing another day in its place.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, public holidays are not "lost" in years when they coincide with weekends. These deferred bank holiday days are termed a "bank holiday <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_lieu" class="extiw" title="wikt:in lieu">in lieu</a>" of the typical anniversary date. In the legislation they are known as "substitute days". The movement of the St Andrew's Day Scottish holiday to the nearest Monday when 30 November is a weekend day is statutory and does not require a proclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bank holidays falling on a weekend are always moved to a later date, not an earlier one.<sup id="cite_ref-answerbank_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-answerbank-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whenis_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whenis-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bis_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Workers'_rights"><span id="Workers.27_rights"></span>Workers' rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Workers' rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/UK_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="UK labour law">UK labour law</a></div> <p>Although there is no statutory right for workers to take paid leave on bank holidays, where paid leave is given (either because the business is closed or for other reasons), the bank holiday can count towards the minimum statutory holiday entitlement. Likewise, if people are required to work on a bank holiday, there is no statutory right to an enhanced pay rate nor to a day off <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_lieu" class="extiw" title="wikt:in lieu"><i>in lieu</i></a>, although many employers do give either or both. Any rights in this respect depend on the person's contract of employment.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statutory minimum paid holidays is 28 days (or 5.6 weeks) a year under the <a href="/wiki/Working_Time_Regulations_1998" title="Working Time Regulations 1998">Working Time Regulations 1998</a> (including any bank holidays or public holidays that are taken).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_in_England,_Northern_Ireland,_and_Wales"><span id="Dates_in_England.2C_Northern_Ireland.2C_and_Wales"></span>Dates in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dates in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Date</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Occasion </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Type</th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Notes </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Region </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a></th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1/2/3 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></td> <td>Proclaimed</td> <td>Falls on 1 January unless this is a Saturday or Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-answerbank_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-answerbank-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whenis_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whenis-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bis_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 January was not a statutory holiday before 1974. In a year in which it does not occur on 1 January, it can be referred to (as for all such dates in lieu) in various ways, such as "Monday bank holiday instead of New Year's Day". In many British diary series, it may be marked "New Year's Day holiday" with or without "(in lieu)" afterwards. Falls on 1 January in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17/18/19 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></td> <td>Statutory or proclaimed</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> only. 17 March by statute if this is not a Sunday. 18 March by statute if this is a Monday. 19 March by proclamation if this is a Monday. Falls on 17 March in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Variable</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></td> <td>Common law<sup id="cite_ref-answerbank_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-answerbank-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whenis_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whenis-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bis_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Falls on <a href="/wiki/18_April" class="mw-redirect" title="18 April">18 April</a> in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Variable</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>Statutory bank holiday from 1871, defined by name.<sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falls on <a href="/wiki/21_April" class="mw-redirect" title="21 April">21 April</a> in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Early_May_bank_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Early May bank holiday">Early May bank holiday</a></td> <td>Proclaimed</td> <td>From 1978, by Royal Proclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-answerbank_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-answerbank-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whenis_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whenis-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bis_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falls on 5 May in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spring_Bank_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring Bank Holiday">Spring Bank Holiday</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>Statutory bank holiday from 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a trial period from 1965 to 1971. Replaced <a href="/wiki/Whit_Monday" title="Whit Monday">Whit Monday</a>, 50 days after Easter Day, which had been a public holiday since 1871. Most schools fix a minimum of a week's break to coincide, giving the alternative name.<sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation does not specify a name for the holiday, merely when it occurs. It normally falls on the last Monday in May, but in 2002, 2012 and 2022 it was moved a few days into June and was followed by an extra bank holiday, in order to create a four-day jubilee weekend in celebration of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">60</a> and <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">70</a> years of reign. Falls on 26 May in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12/13/14 July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">Battle of the Boyne (Orangeman's Day)</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Proclaimed</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> only. Falls on 12 July unless this is a Saturday or Sunday. Falls on 14 July in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Summer_Bank_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Bank Holiday">Summer Bank Holiday</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>Statutory bank holiday from 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a trial period from 1965 to 1971. Replaced the first Monday in August (formerly commonly known as "August Bank Holiday") which had been in use from 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-bis_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation does not specify a name for the holiday, merely when it occurs. Falls on 25 August in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></td> <td>Common law<sup id="cite_ref-answerbank_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-answerbank-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whenis_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whenis-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bis_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 December/None</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>Statutory bank holiday from 1871. Legislation does not name the holiday, but states that it falls on "26th December, if it be not a Sunday."<sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public Holiday in 2025.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 December/None</td> <td>Not named</td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>Only in a year in which 25 December is either on a Saturday or Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-sch1_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has the effect of adding an extra holiday when 25 December falls on a Sunday.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 December/None</td> <td>Not named</td> <td>Proclaimed</td> <td>This is an extra holiday added when 26 December falls on a Sunday.</td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Total holidays</th> <th scope="col">8</th> <th scope="col">10 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes">Changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_cake,_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wedding_cake%2C_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg/170px-Wedding_cake%2C_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wedding_cake%2C_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg/255px-Wedding_cake%2C_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wedding_cake%2C_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg/340px-Wedding_cake%2C_Buckingham_palace_%27poppy_drop%27_during_the_50th_year_VE_-_VJ_day_celebrations._MOD_45137359.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="2957" /></a><figcaption>In 1995 the early May bank holiday was moved to 8 May for the 50th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1968 and 1969 the new "August" bank holiday fell in September. This was as a result of the decision to move the holiday to the end of the month, and the nearest Monday being taken. The current definition was introduced in 1971.</li> <li>In 1995 the early May bank holiday was moved to Monday 8 May to commemorate the 50th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2002, there was a special holiday on Monday 3 June to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>. The Spring Bank Holiday was moved from 27 May to 4 June to create a four-day weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2012, there was a special holiday on Tuesday 5 June to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>. The Spring Bank Holiday moved to Monday 4 June to create a four-day weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-Peachey_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peachey-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2020, the early May bank holiday originally set for Monday 4 May was moved to Friday 8 May to commemorate the 75th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2022, there was a special holiday on Friday 3 June to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>. The Spring Bank Holiday was moved to Thursday 2 June to create a four-day weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_in_Scotland">Dates in Scotland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dates in Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_and_bank_holidays_in_Scotland" title="Public and bank holidays in Scotland">Public and bank holidays in Scotland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_bank_holidays">National bank holidays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National bank holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col">Occasion </th> <th scope="col">Type</th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1/2/4 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></td> <td>Statutory or proclaimed</td> <td>1 January by statute when this is not a Saturday or Sunday. 2 January by statute when this is a Monday. 4 January by proclamation when this is a Tuesday. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2/3/4 January</td> <td>New Year Holiday</td> <td>Statutory or proclaimed</td> <td>2 January by statute when this is not a Saturday or Sunday. 3 January by statute when this a Monday, or by proclamation when this is a Tuesday. 4 January by proclamation when this is a Monday. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Variable</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">Early May bank holiday</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in May</td> <td>Spring bank holiday</td> <td>Proclaimed</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in August</td> <td>Summer bank holiday</td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>The Summer bank holiday remains on its original date in Scotland. Falls on 4 August in 2025. </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Day">St. Andrew's Day</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>Unlike other bank holidays it must be taken by workers in lieu of another bank holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-St_Andrew_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St_Andrew-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a></td> <td>Statutory</td> <td>The observance of Christmas Day was abolished by an Act of Parliament in 1640.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was included in the schedule to the Bank Holidays Act 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26/27/28 December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></td> <td>Proclaimed</td> <td>Boxing Day (26 December) became a public holiday in Scotland in 1974. See also <a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Christmas in Scotland</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-scotland_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotland-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_holidays">Local holidays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local holidays are determined by local authorities across Scotland. Some of these may be taken in lieu of statutory holidays while others may be additional holidays, although many companies, including Royal Mail, do not follow all the holidays listed below, and many swap between English and local holidays. </p><p>Since Easter 1996 the Scottish clearing banks have harmonised the days on which they are closed with those in England and Wales and are therefore closed on Easter Monday and the last Monday in August (rather than the first). This has resulted in a number of local authorities creating a public holiday on Easter Monday. Previously Easter Monday had not been a public holiday in Scotland. </p><p>There have been protests about banks opening on 2 January since this decision was taken.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This has resulted in many banks now providing only a limited service on 2 January, with most members of staff still entitled to the holiday. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Major towns/cities <small>(not an exhaustive list)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><b>all</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 January </td> <td>2 January </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wednesday after last Tuesday in January</td> <td>Day after <a href="/wiki/Up_Helly_Aa" title="Up Helly Aa">Up Helly Aa</a> fire festival</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in February</td> <td>Winter Holiday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in March</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in March</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lochaber" title="Lochaber">Lochaber</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Easter holiday (<i>variable</i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayr" title="Ayr">Ayr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumfries_and_Galloway" title="Dumfries and Galloway">Dumfries and Galloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilmarnock" title="Kilmarnock">Kilmarnock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paisley,_Renfrewshire" title="Paisley, Renfrewshire">Paisley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></td> <td>Ayr, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a>, Kilmarnock, <a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a>, Paisley, <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in April</td> <td rowspan="5">Spring Holiday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnoustie" title="Carnoustie">Carnoustie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monifieth" title="Monifieth">Monifieth</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Monday in April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a>, except Carnoustie and Monifieth area, <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Moray" title="Elgin, Moray">Elgin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Monday in April, or preceding week if would otherwise coincide with <a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monday in April; date varies from year to year</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labour Day</a> or <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">Early May Bank Holiday</a></td> <td><b>all</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tuesday after first Monday in May</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day_(Scotland)" title="Victoria Day (Scotland)">Victoria Day</a> <small>(*)</small>/Spring Holiday</td> <td>Clydebank, Stirling </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday strictly before 24 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Monday in May</td> <td>Perth* </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in May</td> <td>Ayr, Dundee*, <a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a>, Paisley*, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galashiels" title="Galashiels">Galashiels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tuesday after second Thursday in June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linlithgow" title="Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a> Marches</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linlithgow" title="Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Thursday in June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanark_Lanimers#Lanimer_Day" title="Lanark Lanimers">Lanimer Day</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanark" title="Lanark">Lanark</a> area only </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in June</td> <td rowspan="3">Fair Holiday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Moray" title="Elgin, Moray">Elgin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saturday preceding first Monday in July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Friday in July</td> <td>Braw Lads Gathering</td> <td>Galashiels </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Monday in July</td> <td rowspan="5">Fair Holiday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Monday in July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arbroath" title="Arbroath">Arbroath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a> except Lanark </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Friday in July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in August</td> <td>Paisley </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in September</td> <td>Late Summer Holiday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Moray" title="Elgin, Moray">Elgin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Monday in September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge" title="Battle of Stirling Bridge">Battle of Stirling Bridge</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a>, Perth, Stirling </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Friday in September</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ayr_Gold_Cup" title="Ayr Gold Cup">Ayr Gold Cup</a></td> <td>Ayr, Kilmarnock </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monday after third Friday in September</td> <td>Ayr, Kilmarnock </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Monday in September</td> <td rowspan="5">Autumn Holiday</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday in September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angus,_Scotland" title="Angus, Scotland">Angus</a> except Carnoustie and Monifieth area, <a href="/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire" title="East Dunbartonshire">East Dunbartonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Lanarkshire" title="North Lanarkshire">North Lanarkshire</a>, Paisley, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Dunbartonshire" title="West Dunbartonshire">West Dunbartonshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in October</td> <td>Carnoustie and Monifieth area, Dundee, Inverness, Perth </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Monday in October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Monday in October</td> <td>Elgin, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain holiday</a></td> <td>Inverness </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Day">St. Andrew's Day</a> <small>To be taken in lieu of one of the other statutory holidays at discretion of individual companies/authorities.</small><sup id="cite_ref-St_Andrew_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St_Andrew-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i>an official holiday in</i> Angus, <a href="/wiki/Fife" title="Fife">Fife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_holidays">Special holidays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Special holidays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>During the <a href="/wiki/London_Gold_Pool#Collapse" title="London Gold Pool">sterling crisis of 1968</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> convened a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy council</a> in the early hours of 14 March to declare 15 March a bank holiday. This allowed the UK government to close the <a href="/wiki/London_bullion_market" title="London bullion market">London gold market</a> to stem the losses being suffered by the British pound.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was this meeting that triggered the resignation of Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a>.</li> <li>14 November 1973 was made a special bank holiday to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Anne_and_Mark_Phillips" title="Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips">wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>7 June 1977 was made a special bank holiday as part of the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales,_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer">wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer</a> on 29 July 1981 resulted in an extra bank holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>31 December 1999 was a one-off bank holiday as part of the Millennium celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2002, there was a special holiday on Monday 3 June to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>. The Spring Bank Holiday was moved from 27 May to 4 June to create a four-day weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Friday 29 April 2011 was a special bank holiday to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_William_and_Catherine_Middleton" title="Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton">wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton</a>.</li> <li>In 2012, there was a special holiday on Tuesday 5 June to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>. Therefore, to create a four-day weekend, the Spring Bank Holiday that would usually have occurred at the end of May was moved to Monday 4 June.<sup id="cite_ref-Peachey_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peachey-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2022, there was a special holiday on Friday 3 June to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>. Therefore, to create a four-day weekend, the Spring Bank Holiday that would usually occur at the end of May was moved to Thursday 2 June.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional public holiday was declared for Monday 19 September, the day of <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Elizabeth II">the State Funeral of Queen Elizabeth II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-funeral_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funeral-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monday 8 May 2023 was an additional public holiday to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/28px-Text-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/42px-Text-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/56px-Text-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Lists">Lists portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="UK labour law">UK labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holidays_by_country" title="List of holidays by country">List of holidays by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_and_bank_holidays_in_Scotland" title="Public and bank holidays in Scotland">Public and bank holidays in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Public holidays in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Guernsey" title="Public holidays in Guernsey">Public holidays in Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Jersey" title="Public holidays in Jersey">Public holidays in Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Public holidays in the Isle of Man">Public holidays in the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Anguilla" title="Public holidays in Anguilla">Public holidays in Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bermuda" title="Public holidays in Bermuda">Public holidays in Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Public holidays in the British Virgin Islands">Public holidays in the British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Public holidays in the Cayman Islands">Public holidays in the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Public holidays in the Falkland Islands">Public holidays in the Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Montserrat" title="Public holidays in Montserrat">Public holidays in Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Public holidays in the Pitcairn Islands">Public holidays in the Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Public holidays in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Public holidays in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Public holidays in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Public holidays in the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPyper2015" class="citation journal cs1">Pyper, Douglas (18 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN06170">"Bank and public holidays"</a>. <i>Research briefings - UK Parliament</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216071930/https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN06170">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+briefings+-+UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Bank+and+public+holidays&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft.aulast=Pyper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchbriefings.parliament.uk%2FResearchBriefing%2FSummary%2FSN06170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/bank-holidays">"UK Bank Holidays"</a>. GOV.uk. 14 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814041536/https://www.gov.uk/bank-holidays">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Bank+Holidays&rft.pub=GOV.uk&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fbank-holidays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/holiday-entitlement-rights">"Holiday entitlement"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holiday+entitlement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fholiday-entitlement-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S Deakin and G Morris, <i>Labour Law</i> (5th. edn, 2005) paras. 4.71 et seq</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TUC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TUC_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TUC_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TUC_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2007" class="citation web cs1">Anon (22 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603185926/http://www.tuc.org.uk/extras/bankholidays.pdf">"Bank Holiday Fact File"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TUC press release</i>. TUC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuc.org.uk/extras/bankholidays.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TUC+press+release&rft.atitle=Bank+Holiday+Fact+File&rft.date=2007-05-22&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuc.org.uk%2Fextras%2Fbankholidays.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bank_Holidays" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bank Holidays">Bank Holidays</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 320.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bank+Holidays&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=320&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olmert, Michael (1996). <i>Milton's Teeth and Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser & Curiouser Adventures in History</i>, p. 170. Simon & Schuster, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-80164-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-80164-7">0-684-80164-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansard-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansard_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/bills/bank-holidays-ireland-bill">"Bank Holidays (Ireland) Bill"</a>. <i>Hansard, the Official Report of debates in Parliament</i>. UK Parliament. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100224034545/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/bills/bank-holidays-ireland-bill">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hansard%2C+the+Official+Report+of+debates+in+Parliament&rft.atitle=Bank+Holidays+%28Ireland%29+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fbills%2Fbank-holidays-ireland-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20090203182442/http://www.berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/employment/bank-public-holidays/bank-public-holidays/page18882.html">"UK Government Web Archive"</a>. <i>webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft.atitle=UK+Government+Web+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fukgwa%2F20090203182442%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.berr.gov.uk%2Fwhatwedo%2Femployment%2Fbank-public-holidays%2Fbank-public-holidays%2Fpage18882.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=cam_earl&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS202466917&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0">"Bank Holiday on the Last Monday in August"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 5 March 1964<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Bank+Holiday+on+the+Last+Monday+in+August&rft.date=1964-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffind.galegroup.com%2Fttda%2Finfomark.do%3F%26source%3Dgale%26prodId%3DTTDA%26userGroupName%3Dcam_earl%26tabID%3DT003%26docPage%3Darticle%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26docId%3DCS202466917%26type%3Dmultipage%26contentSet%3DLTO%26version%3D1.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=cam_earl&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS152398907&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0">"1969 Dilemma on Diary Dates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 27 January 1967<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=1969+Dilemma+on+Diary+Dates&rft.date=1967-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffind.galegroup.com%2Fttda%2Finfomark.do%3F%26source%3Dgale%26prodId%3DTTDA%26userGroupName%3Dcam_earl%26tabID%3DT003%26docPage%3Darticle%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26docId%3DCS152398907%26type%3Dmultipage%26contentSet%3DLTO%26version%3D1.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=cam_earl&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS202991812&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0">"Bank Holiday Dates For 1967 And 1968"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 4 June 1965<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Bank+Holiday+Dates+For+1967+And+1968&rft.date=1965-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffind.galegroup.com%2Fttda%2Finfomark.do%3F%26source%3Dgale%26prodId%3DTTDA%26userGroupName%3Dcam_earl%26tabID%3DT003%26docPage%3Darticle%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26docId%3DCS202991812%26type%3Dmultipage%26contentSet%3DLTO%26version%3D1.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=cam_earl&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS52128886&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0">"1969 Bank Holidays"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. 22 March 1967<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=1969+Bank+Holidays&rft.date=1967-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffind.galegroup.com%2Fttda%2Finfomark.do%3F%26source%3Dgale%26prodId%3DTTDA%26userGroupName%3Dcam_earl%26tabID%3DT003%26docPage%3Darticle%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26docId%3DCS52128886%26type%3Dmultipage%26contentSet%3DLTO%26version%3D1.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ready2002-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ready2002_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReadyBrooke2002" class="citation cs2">Ready, Nigel P.; Brooke, Richard (2002), <i>Brooke's notary</i> (12 ed.), Sweet & Maxwell, p. 479, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-421-67280-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-421-67280-2"><bdi>978-0-421-67280-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brooke%27s+notary&rft.pages=479&rft.edition=12&rft.pub=Sweet+%26+Maxwell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-421-67280-2&rft.aulast=Ready&rft.aufirst=Nigel+P.&rft.au=Brooke%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scrope2008-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scrope2008_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScropeBarnett2008" class="citation cs2">Scrope, Henry; Barnett, Daniel (2008), <i>Employment Law Handbook</i> (4 ed.), Henry Scrope, p. 135, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85328-674-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85328-674-2"><bdi>978-1-85328-674-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Employment+Law+Handbook&rft.pages=135&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Henry+Scrope&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85328-674-2&rft.aulast=Scrope&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Barnett%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McWhirter1980-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McWhirter1980_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirterStowe1980" class="citation cs2">McWhirter, Norris; Stowe, Moira F. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukbankholidays2012.com/bankholidaysinfo.html">the original</a> on 31 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Bank+Holidays+2020&rft.atitle=Bank+Holidays+A+Complete+History&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukbankholidays2012.com%2Fbankholidaysinfo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreatBritainParliamentHouseofLordsEuropeanUnionCommittee2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GreatBritainParliamentHouseofLordsEuropeanUnionCommittee2007_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain_Parliament_House_of_Lords_European_Union_Committee2007" class="citation cs2">Great Britain Parliament House of Lords European Union Committee (2007), <i>Modernising European Union labour law: has the UK anything to gain?, report with evidence, 22nd report of session 2006–07</i>, The Stationery Office, p. 100, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-10-485171-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-10-485171-5"><bdi>978-0-10-485171-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernising+European+Union+labour+law%3A+has+the+UK+anything+to+gain%3F%2C+report+with+evidence%2C+22nd+report+of+session+2006%E2%80%9307&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-10-485171-5&rft.au=Great+Britain+Parliament+House+of+Lords+European+Union+Committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://labour.org.uk/press/labour-make-st-georges-day-national-holiday-celebrate-countrys-best-values/">"Labour to make St George's Day a national holiday to celebrate 'our country's best values'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>labour.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=labour.org.uk&rft.atitle=Labour+to+make+St+George%27s+Day+a+national+holiday+to+celebrate+%27our+country%27s+best+values%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flabour.org.uk%2Fpress%2Flabour-make-st-georges-day-national-holiday-celebrate-countrys-best-values%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parliament Online Petition 216600 Accessed:24 December 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/7925480.stm">"Renewed call for St Piran holiday"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Renewed+call+for+St+Piran+holiday&rft.date=2009-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fcornwall%2F7925480.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGledhill2009" class="citation news cs1">Gledhill, Ruth (5 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5850736.ece">"Cornwall workers given an unofficial day off for St Pirans Day"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=King+Charles+approves+bank+holiday+for+day+of+Queen%27s+funeral&rft.date=2022-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2022%2Fsep%2F10%2Fking-charles-approves-bank-holiday-for-day-of-queen-funeral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-63528830">"Extra bank holiday approved to mark King's coronation"</a>. BBC News. 6 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extra+bank+holiday+approved+to+mark+King%27s+coronation&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2022-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-63528830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+holidays+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/Timeoffandholidays/DG_073741">Bank Holidays and British Summer Time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mygov.scot/scotland-bank-holidays/">Scotland Bank Holidays - Scottish Government</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_holidays_in_Europe125" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_Europe" title="Template:Public holidays in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Public holidays in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_holidays_in_Europe125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Public holidays in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Andorra" title="Public holidays in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Armenia" title="Public holidays in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Austria" title="Public holidays in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Azerbaijan" title="Public holidays in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belarus" title="Public holidays in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belgium" title="Public holidays in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bulgaria" title="Public holidays in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Public holidays in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Denmark" title="Public holidays in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Estonia" title="Public holidays in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Finland" title="Public holidays in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holidays in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Germany" title="Public holidays in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Greece" title="Public holidays in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hungary" title="Public holidays in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Iceland" title="Public holidays in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kazakhstan" title="Public holidays in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Latvia" title="Public holidays in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Liechtenstein" title="Public holidays in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Lithuania" title="Public holidays in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Luxembourg" title="Public holidays in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malta" title="Public holidays in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Moldova" title="Public holidays in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Monaco" title="Public holidays in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Montenegro" title="Public holidays in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" title="Public holidays in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_North_Macedonia" title="Public holidays in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Norway" title="Public holidays in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Poland" title="Public holidays in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Portugal" title="Public holidays in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_San_Marino" title="Public holidays in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Serbia" title="Public holidays in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovakia" title="Public holidays in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovenia" title="Public holidays in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Spain" title="Public holidays in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden" title="Public holidays in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Turkey" title="Public holidays in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ukraine" title="Public holidays in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Abkhazia" title="Public holidays in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kosovo" title="Public holidays in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Public holidays in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_South_Ossetia" title="Public holidays in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Transnistria" title="Public holidays in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_%C3%85land" title="Public holidays in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Public holidays in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Guernsey" title="Public holidays in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Public holidays in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Jersey" title="Public holidays in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Svalbard" title="Public holidays in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union" title="Public holidays in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Kingdom_articles631" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template talk:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Kingdom_articles631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_history" title="Timeline of British history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">Formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_England_and_Scotland_Act_1603" title="Union of England and Scotland Act 1603">Union of England and Scotland Act 1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_with_Scotland_(Amendment)_Act_1707" title="Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707">Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar</a></li> <li>Second World War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">civilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">military</a></li></ul></li> <li>Postwar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">social</a></li></ul></li> <li>Since 1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Maritime history of the United Kingdom">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">Former colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coastline of the United Kingdom">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_and_lochs_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom">Lakes and lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rivers of the United Kingdom">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of volcanoes in the United Kingdom">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">hydraulic frac.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">Hunting</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wildlife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Flora of Great Britain and Ireland">flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Corruption in the United Kingdom">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_parliamentary_by-elections" title="UK parliamentary by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_leaders_of_British_political_parties" title="List of female leaders of British political parties">Female party leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political scandals in the United Kingdom">Political scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_United_Kingdom,_the_British_Crown_Dependencies_and_United_Kingdom_Overseas_Territories" title="List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories">Stock exchanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Exchange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus transport">Bus transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Driving in the United Kingdom">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Society of the United Kingdom">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom">Environmental inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Health in the United Kingdom">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunger in the United Kingdom">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries" title="List of British innovations and discoveries">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of British regions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mental health in the United Kingdom">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social care in the United Kingdom">Social care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Suicide in the United Kingdom">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universal basic income in the United Kingdom">Universal basic income (UBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sport in the United Kingdom">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_the_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of the British">Stereotypes of the British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_England" title="Healthcare in England">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Geography_and_climate" title="Northern Ireland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Symbols" title="Northern Ireland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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