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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Central drug policy-making body of the UN System</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/180px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg/240px-Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CND</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1946</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">Intergovernmental organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_agency" title="Regulatory agency">Regulatory body</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advisory_board" title="Advisory board">Advisory board</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_International_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna International Center">Vienna International Center</a>, Vienna, Austria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairperson</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Rotating every year</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data">UN <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">ECOSOC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data">FINGOV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/index.html">CND at UNODC.org</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Commission on Narcotic Drugs</b> (<b>CND</b>) is one of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Functional_commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Functional commission (page does not exist)">functional commissions</a> of the United Nations' <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC), and is the central drug policy-making body within the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">United Nations System</a>. The CND also has important mandates under the three <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_drug_control_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations drug control conventions">international drug control conventions</a>, alongside the three other treaty-mandated bodies: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>), <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C.H.L._Sharman_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C.H.L._Sharman_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-C.H.L._Sharman_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C.H.L._Sharman_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-C.H.L._Sharman_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C.H.L._Sharman_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-C.H.L._Sharman_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2084" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption>Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman (pictured 1938) was the CND's first chair</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, the predecessor of the CND was the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations#Advisory_Committee_on_the_Traffic_in_Opium_and_other_Dangerous_Drugs" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">Advisory Committee on the Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs</a>, established by the first Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> on 15 December 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which met from 1921 to 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs was established as early as 1946, by ECOSOC resolution 9(I).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the CND was composed of only 15 countries "Members of the United Nations, which are important producing or manufacturing countries or countries in which illicit traffic in narcotics constitutes a serious social problem." </p><p>The first members were Canada, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, France, India, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">the UK</a>, US, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CND first met in December 1946 under the chairmanship of Canadian ambassador <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Ludovic_Sharman" title="Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman">Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman</a>. At its first meeting, the CND resolved to take over all powers and mandates related to drugs previously held by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, CND's mandate was to assist <a href="/wiki/ECOSOC" class="mw-redirect" title="ECOSOC">ECOSOC</a> in supervising the application of international conventions and agreements dealing with narcotic drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1991, General Assembly resolution 46/104 assigned the CND the additional role of the governing body of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, nowadays administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_and_mandate">Work and mandate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work and mandate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Commission on Narcotic Drugs has two distinct mandate areas: </p> <ol><li>Treaty-based and normative functions under the international drug control conventions,</li> <li>Operational, policy-guidance functions as the governing body of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, which is administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Normative_functions">Normative functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Normative functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CND is the prime policymaking body in the field of international drug control policy. </p><p>The CND may make recommendation for the implementation of the Conventions, according to article 8 of the 1961 Convention and article 17 of the 1971 Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drug_scheduling_decisions">Drug scheduling decisions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Drug scheduling decisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the international drug control conventions (namely: <a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs_of_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961">1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1961 Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic</a>), the Commission on Narcotic Drugs is mandated to decide on the scope of control of substances: </p> <ul><li>Narcotic drugs are placed under international control by including them in one of the four schedules of the 1961 Convention (simple majority vote), upon recommendation of the WHO;</li> <li>Psychotropic substances are placed under international control by including them in one of the four schedules of the 1971 Convention (2/3rd majority vote), upon recommendation of the WHO;</li> <li>Precursors are placed under international control by including them in one of the two tables of the 1988 Convention, upon recommendation of the INCB.</li></ul> <p>Each schedule and table entails a specific control regime.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to article 3 of the 1961 Convention, article 2 of the 1971 Convention and article 12 of the 1988 Convention, the CND decides on the addition of substances to the schedules/tables, as well as the transfer or deletion of substances.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the votes, States Parties can request a review of the scheduling decisions of the CND by the ECOSOC following article 3 (8) of the 1961 Convention, article 2 (8) of the 1971 Convention and article 12 (7) of the 1988 Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proposals to change the scope of control of substances can only be made by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (for the 1961 and 1971 Conventions) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a> (for the 1988 Convention).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the commission was brought to public attention when voting upon the <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961">removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_guidance">Policy guidance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Policy guidance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg/220px-Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg/330px-Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg/440px-Vereinte_Nationen_in_Wien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">United Nations Office at Vienna</a> where the Commission meets</figcaption></figure> <p>The Commission on Narcotic Drugs provides policy guidance for the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, managed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (UNODC). It also prepares and monitors policy documents addressing the world drug problem.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main policy documents of the preceding decade are the 2009 Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Joint Ministerial Statement of the 2014 high-level review by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the implementation by Member States of the Political Declaration and Plan of Action<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the outcome document of the thirtieth special session of the General Assembly, entitled "Our joint commitment to effectively addressing and countering the world drug problem".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2019, the CND adopted a Ministerial Declaration, in which it committed to accelerating the full implementation of these three policy documents and resolved to review the progress in implementing all international drug policy commitments in 2029, with a mid-term review in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CND, performing its duties as a governing body, adopts during its regular sessions resolutions<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to provide policy guidance and monitors the activities of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It further approves, based on a proposal of the executive director, the budget of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CND, together with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</a>, is the governing body of the UNODC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meetings">Meetings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CND meets usually twice annually: </p> <ul><li>The main session is held during a week, usually in March.</li> <li>A short reconvened session, usually held in December, addresses administrative and budget matters. During December sessions, joint meetings are held with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">CCPCJ</a> to administer the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_and_decision_making">Membership and decision making</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Membership and decision making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CND membership consists of 53 <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">states</a>, serving four-year terms,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the following distribution of seats among regions, following the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Regional_Groups" title="United Nations Regional Groups">United Nations Regional Groups</a>: </p> <ul><li>11 for <a href="/wiki/African_Group" title="African Group">Africa</a>;</li> <li>11 for <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Asia_and_the_Pacific_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Group of Asia and the Pacific Small Island Developing States">Asia-Pacific region</a>;</li> <li>10 for <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Group" title="Latin American and Caribbean Group">Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC)</a>;</li> <li>6 for <a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Group" title="Eastern European Group">Eastern Europe</a>;</li> <li>14 for <a href="/wiki/Western_European_and_Others_Group" title="Western European and Others Group">Western European and others (WEOG) states</a>;</li> <li>1 seat rotates between the Asia-Pacific and GRULAC every four years.</li></ul> <p>ECOSOC resolutions 845(XXXII) and 1147(XLI) provide that members are elected: </p> <ul><li>From among the States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies and the Parties to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961;</li> <li>With due regard to the adequate representation of countries that are important producers of <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a> leaves, of countries that are important in the field of the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Narcotic" title="Narcotic">narcotic</a> drugs, and of countries in which drug <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">addiction</a> or the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs constitutes an important problem;</li> <li>Taking into account the principle of equitable geographical distribution.</li></ul> <p>Other countries not among the 53 CND Members are still allowed to attend CND meetings and negotiate decisions and resolutions: CND membership only allows to table new drafts, and vote on scheduling recommendations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decision-making_procedure">Decision-making procedure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decision-making procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CND is an <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental body</a> made up of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> rather than individuals. Decisions and resolutions are taken following the <i>Rules of Procedure of the Functional Commissions of ECOSOC</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notwithstanding the rules of procedure, the Commission usually adopts decisions by consensus in the "Vienna spirit" that has been described by <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Fedotov" title="Yuri Fedotov">Yuri Fedotov</a> (former UNODC Executive-Director) as: "the willingness and dedication of all concerned to pull together to find joint solutions, even on the most difficult topics".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Vienna Consensus" has however been the focus of a number of criticisms in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scheduling decisions under the international drug control conventions are governed by the rules of procedure contained in the 1961, 1971, and 1988 Conventions respectively, as they supersede following the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lex_specialis" title="Lex specialis">lex specialis</a></i></span> doctrine .<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the CND sometimes disregards both ECOSOC rules of procedure and treaty-based requirements, as was the case during the considerations of <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> recommendations on <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> and cannabis-related substances.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being composed of government and ministerial representatives with permanent mission in Vienna, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs is regarded more of a political commission as opposed to a group of experts, which is why many discussions and negotiations are not based on in-depth knowledge on drug policy issues. In addition, decisions taken within the CND are primarily outcomes of time-consuming political negotiations which need to result in a consensus, allowing policy perspectives to be pushed aside by political interests of certain stakeholders. </p><p>Another aspect of criticism of the CND is related to the bureaucratic nature of the commission's working process. While the CND focuses on the issue of drugs (a <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinarity" title="Interdisciplinarity">multidisciplinary</a> topic which also concerns human rights, health, <a href="/wiki/Development_economics" title="Development economics">development</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues" title="Environmental issues">environmental issues</a>) the CND rarely establishes coordination with other relevant UN agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">Human Rights Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights">High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> (OHCHR), the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CND is also criticized for leaving little room to the representation of civil society stakeholders, in particular NGOs, academics, and affected populations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">ECOSOC</a></li> <li>The three other bodies mandated under the international drug control conventions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li></ul></li> <li>The three international drug control conventions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances</a> (1988)</li></ul></li> <li>Drug <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition of drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961">Cannabis treaty scheduling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse_prevention" title="Substance abuse prevention">Substance abuse prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">Harm reduction</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schedules+and+Tables+of+the+international+drug+control+conventions&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Funodc%2Fen%2Fcommissions%2FCND%2Fconventions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Int_Drug_Control_Conventions/Ebook/The_International_Drug_Control_Conventions_E.pdf">"The International Drug Control Conventions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Drug+Control+Conventions&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcommissions%2FCND%2FInt_Drug_Control_Conventions%2FEbook%2FThe_International_Drug_Control_Conventions_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Int_Drug_Control_Conventions/Ebook/The_International_Drug_Control_Conventions_E.pdf">"The International Drug Control Conventions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Drug+Control+Conventions&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcommissions%2FCND%2FInt_Drug_Control_Conventions%2FEbook%2FThe_International_Drug_Control_Conventions_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805083312/https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/Mandate_Functions/scheduling-procedures.html">"Scheduling procedures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>. 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href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/hlr//JointStatement/V1403583_E_ebook.pdf">"2014 High-Level Review"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+High-Level+Review&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fhlr%2F%2FJointStatement%2FV1403583_E_ebook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/S-30/1">"2016 UNGASS outcome document"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+UNGASS+outcome+document&rft.pub=United+Nations+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2FA%2FRES%2FS-30%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/2019/Ministerial_Declaration.pdf">"2019 Ministerial Declaration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/index.html">Commission on Narcotic Drugs – official website</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/Resolutions_Decisions/Resolutions-Decisions_2010-2019.html">Resolutions Database</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/Mandate_Functions/scheduling-procedures.html">Scheduling procedures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219080749/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/Mandate_Functions/scheduling-procedures.html">Archived</a> 19 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/conventions.html">International Drug Control Conventions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317082038/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/commissions/CND/conventions.html">Archived</a> 17 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/en/v3/drugcontrolrepository/other-resources/commentaries-on-the-conventions.html">Commentaries to the international drug control conventions</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</li> <li>Bayer, I. and Ghodse, H.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012111110/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html">Evolution of International Drug Control, 1945–1995</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1966-01-01_1_page002.html">Twenty Years of Narcotics Control Under the United Nations</a>, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 1 January 1966.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050527123116/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail.asp?id=3482">U.S. and U.N. drug policy directors butt heads over needle 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Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functional<br />commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</a> (CCPCJ)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (CND)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Population_and_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Population and Development"> United Nations Commission on Population and Development</a> (CPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Science_and_Technology_for_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development">United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development</a> (CSTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Commission for Social Development">United Nations Commission for Social Development</a> (CSocD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistical_Commission" title="United Nations Statistical Commission">United Nations Statistical Commission</a> (StatCom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">United Nations Commission on the Status of Women</a> (CSW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Forum_on_Forests" title="United Nations Forum on Forests">United Nations Forum on Forests</a> (UNFF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Regional commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Europe">Europe</a> (ECE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">Africa</a> (ECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">Asia and the Pacific</a> (ESCAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">Western Asia</a> (ESCWA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialised agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (IFAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> (WBG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funds and<br />Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (UN-Habitat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a> (ICSID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> (MIGA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expert bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Development_Policy" title="Committee for Development Policy">Committee for Development Policy</a> (CDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Public_Administration" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration">Committee of Experts on Public Administration</a> (CEPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (CESCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Global_Geospatial_Information_Management" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management">Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management</a> (GGIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Working_Group_of_Experts_on_International_Standards_of_Accounting_and_Reporting" title="Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting">Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International <br /> Standards of Accounting and Reporting</a> (ISAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Group_of_Experts_on_Geographical_Names" title="United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names">Group of Experts on Geographical Names</a> (UNGEGN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">United Nations Permanent Forum on <br /> Indigenous Issues</a> (UNPFII)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_International_Cooperation_in_Tax_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_the_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods_and_on_the_Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous <br /> Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_Non-Governmental_Organizations" title="United Nations Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations">Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and<br />training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute</a> (UNICRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research</a> (UNIDIR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">United Nations Institute for Training and Research</a> (UNITAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">United Nations Research Institute for Social Development</a> (UNRISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">United Nations System Staff College</a> (UNSSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> (UNU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a> (ITC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group</a> (UNSDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United 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title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights"> Functional Commission on Human Rights</a> (UNCHR - Replaced in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a> (IRO - Replaced in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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