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<li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Government_(1949–1957)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Government_(1949–1957)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First Government (1949–1957)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Government_(1949–1957)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Government_(1960–1972)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Government_(1960–1972)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Second Government (1960–1972)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Government_(1960–1972)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Government_(1975–1984)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Government_(1975–1984)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Third Government (1975–1984)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Government_(1975–1984)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Government_(1990–1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Government_(1990–1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fourth Government (1990–1999)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Government_(1990–1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_(1999–2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_(1999–2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Opposition (1999–2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_(1999–2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Government_(2008–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Government_(2008–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Fifth Government (2008–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Government_(2008–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_(2017–2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_(2017–2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Opposition (2017–2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_(2017–2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_Government_(2023–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_Government_(2023–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Sixth Government (2023–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_Government_(2023–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology and factions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_factions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and factions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voter_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Voter base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Party_leaders_since_1936" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_leaders_since_1936"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Party leaders since 1936</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_leaders_since_1936-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Living_former_party_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Living_former_party_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Living former party leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Living_former_party_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Deputy leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Party presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand National Party</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABwes_S%C7%A3landes_%C3%9E%C4%93odlic_St%C4%93orm%C7%A3lh%C4%93ap" title="Nīwes Sǣlandes Þēodlic Stēormǣlhēap – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nīwes Sǣlandes Þēodlic Stēormǣlhēap" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="الحزب الوطني في نيوزيلندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الوطني في نيوزيلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная партыя Новай Зеландыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальная партыя Новай Зеландыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Новозеландска национална партия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Новозеландска национална партия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Nacional_de_Nova_Zelanda" title="Partit Nacional de Nova Zelanda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Nacional de Nova Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Genedlaethol_Seland_Newydd" title="Plaid Genedlaethol Seland Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plaid Genedlaethol Seland Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New Zealand National Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New Zealand National Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uus-Meremaa_Rahvuspartei" title="Uus-Meremaa Rahvuspartei – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uus-Meremaa Rahvuspartei" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Nacional_de_Nueva_Zelanda" title="Partido Nacional de Nueva Zelanda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Nacional de Nueva Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="حزب ملی نیوزیلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب ملی نیوزیلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_national_de_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande" title="Parti national de Nouvelle-Zélande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti national de Nouvelle-Zélande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EB%8B%B9" title="뉴질랜드 국민당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴질랜드 국민당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_stranka_Novog_Zelanda" title="Nacionalna stranka Novog Zelanda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nacionalna stranka Novog Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Nasional_Selandia_Baru" title="Partai Nasional Selandia Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Nasional Selandia Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Nazionale_della_Nuova_Zelanda" title="Partito Nazionale della Nuova Zelanda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Nazionale della Nuova Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="המפלגה הלאומית של ניו זילנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה הלאומית של ניו זילנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%8Dp%C5%AB_N%C4%81hinara_o_Aotearoa" title="Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Nasional_New_Zealand" title="Parti Nasional New Zealand – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Nasional New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New Zealand National Party" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="ニュージーランド国民党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュージーランド国民党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowozelandzka_Partia_Narodowa" title="Nowozelandzka Partia Narodowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowozelandzka Partia Narodowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Nacional_da_Nova_Zel%C3%A2ndia" title="Partido Nacional da Nova Zelândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Nacional da Nova Zelândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Национальная партия Новой Зеландии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная партия Новой Зеландии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Zealand National Party" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4)" title="Национална странка (Нови Зеланд) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Национална странка (Нови Зеланд)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_stranka_Novog_Zelanda" title="Nacionalna stranka Novog Zelanda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nacionalna stranka Novog Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00529F; border-bottom:2px solid #00529F; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">New Zealand National Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="Mi">Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png/230px-New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png/345px-New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0a/New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png/460px-New_Zealand_National_Party_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Wood" title="Sylvia Wood">Sylvia Wood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Willis" title="Nicola Willis">Nicola Willis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">14 May 1936<span class="noprint">; 88 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936-05-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_Coalition" title="United–Reform Coalition">United–Reform Coalition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">41 Pipitea Street, <a href="/wiki/Thorndon,_New_Zealand" title="Thorndon, New Zealand">Thorndon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> 6011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Nationals" title="New Zealand Young Nationals">Young Nationals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-teara_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-teara_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Regional affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democracy_Union" title="Asia Pacific Democracy Union">Asia Pacific Democracy Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-APDU_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APDU-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00529F; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Get our country back on track</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">MPs in the<br /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">49 / 123</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.national.org.nz">national.org.nz</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00529F;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>New Zealand National Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Rōpū Nāhinara o Aotearoa</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shortened to <b>National</b> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Nāhinara</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Nats</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Papillon_et_al_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papillon_et_al-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">New Zealand political party</a> that is the current senior ruling party. It is one of two <a href="/wiki/Major_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Major parties">major parties</a> that dominate contemporary <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand politics">New Zealand politics</a>, alongside its traditional rival, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a>. </p><p>National formed in 1936 through amalgamation of <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> parties, <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Party (New Zealand)">United</a> respectively, and subsequently became New Zealand's second-oldest extant political party.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymond_2005_32_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond_2005_32-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National's predecessors had previously formed <a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_Coalition" title="United–Reform Coalition">a coalition</a> against the growing <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour movement</a>. National has governed for six periods during the 20th and 21st centuries, and has spent more <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">time in government</a> than any other New Zealand party.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949 general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">prime minister</a> from the National Party, and remained in office until 1957. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a> succeeded Holland, and was defeated some months later at a general election by the Labour Party in <a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957</a>. Holyoake returned to office for a second period from <a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960</a> to 1972. The party's platform shifted from moderate <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a> to increased emphasis on <a href="/wiki/State_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="State interventionism">state interventionism</a> during <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a>'s National government from <a href="/wiki/1975_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1975 New Zealand general election">1975</a> to <a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1984 New Zealand general election">1984</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1990 New Zealand general election">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a> formed another National government, which continued the radical <a href="/wiki/Free-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market">free-market</a> reforms initiated by the preceding Labour government. The party has since advocated <a href="/wiki/Free_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Free enterprise">free enterprise</a>, reduction of taxes, and limited state regulation. Following the first <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand" title="Electoral reform in New Zealand">MMP</a> election in <a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1996 New Zealand general election">1996</a>, the National Party governed in a coalition with the populist <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a> Party. National Party leader <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Jenny Shipley</a> became New Zealand's first female prime minister in 1997; her government was defeated by a Labour-led coalition in <a href="/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1999 New Zealand general election">1999</a>. </p><p>The National Party was in government from <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2008 New Zealand general election">2008</a> to 2017 under <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a>; it governed with <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">support</a> from the centrist <a href="/wiki/United_Future" title="United Future">United Future</a>, the classical-liberal <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT Party</a> and the indigenous-rights-based <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Party">Māori Party</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017 general election</a>, despite leaving government, the party secured 44.4 percent of the vote and won 56 seats, making it the largest <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucus</a> at the time in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2017_general_election_results_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_general_election_results-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lost this plurality position in the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020 general election</a>, receiving only 25.58 percent of the vote and 33 seats. National was again unable to form a government following the election and remained the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> has served as the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party">leader of the National Party</a> since 30 November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led the party to victory in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023 general election</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9_News_2023_victory_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9_News_2023_victory-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> winning 38 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Party_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Party vote">party vote</a> and a plurality with 48 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, since November 2023, Luxon heads a <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">National-led coalition government</a> with the ACT Party and New Zealand First. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">Historic conservatism in New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">Historic liberalism in New Zealand</a></div> <p>The National Party was formed in May 1936, but its roots go considerably further back. The party came about as the result of a merger between the <a href="/wiki/United_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Party (New Zealand)">United Party</a> (known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a> until 1927, except for a short period between 1925 and 1927 when it used the name "National Party") and the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymond_2005_32_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymond_2005_32-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Party gained its main support from the cities, and drew upon <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">businesses</a> for money and upon <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> electors for votes,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Reform Party had a <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> base and received substantial support from <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who then formed a substantial proportion of the population. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a> (1890)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a> (1909)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Party (New Zealand)">United Party</a> (1927)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Independents (1931)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_Coalition" title="United–Reform Coalition">United–Reform</a></li><li>coalition (1931)</li></ul></div></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Party</a> (1936)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <p>Historically, the Liberal and Reform parties had competed against each other; however, between 1931 and 1935, the <a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_Coalition" title="United–Reform Coalition">United–Reform Coalition</a> held power in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coalition went into the <a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935 election</a> under the title of the "National Political Federation", a name adopted to indicate that the grouping intended to represent New Zealanders from all backgrounds (in contrast to the previous situation, where United served city-dwellers and Reform served farmers). However, because of the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and a perception that the existing coalition government had handled the situation poorly, the National Political Federation lost heavily in 1935 to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a>, the rise of which had prompted the alliance. The two parties were cut down to 19 seats between them. </p><p>Another factor was a <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (politics)">third party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Democrat_Party_(1934)" title="New Zealand Democrat Party (1934)">Democrat Party</a> formed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Davy" title="Albert Davy">Albert Davy</a>, a former organiser for the coalition who disapproved of the perceived "socialist" measures that the coalition had introduced. The new party split the conservative vote, and aided Labour's victory.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Hamilton,_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg/170px-Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg/255px-Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg/340px-Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6304" data-file-height="8296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a> was the first leader of the National Party.</figcaption></figure> <p>In hopes of countering Labour's rise, United and Reform decided to turn their alliance into a single party.<sup id="cite_ref-founded_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founded-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This party, the New Zealand National Party, was formed at a meeting held in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> on 13 and 14 May 1936. Erstwhile members of the United and Reform parties made up the bulk of the new party.<sup id="cite_ref-founded_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founded-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Party's last leader, <a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">George Forbes</a>, Prime Minister from 1930 until 1935, opened the conference; he served as Leader of the Opposition from May until November, when former Reform MP <a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a>, who had been a minister in the coalition government was elected the merged party's first leader. He got the top job primarily because of a compromise between Forbes and Reform leader <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a>, neither of whom wished to serve under the other. Hamilton led the party into its first election in 1938. He was unable to counter Labour's popular <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> effectively. Because of this, perceptions that he remained too much under the control of Coates and his lack of real support from his party colleagues, Hamilton failed to prevent Labour's re-election in <a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a>. In 1940, former Reform MP <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a> replaced Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/William_Polson" title="William Polson">William Polson</a> "acted effectively as Holland's deputy".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986337_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986337-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One former Reform MP <a href="/wiki/Bert_Kyle" title="Bert Kyle">Bert Kyle</a> resigned in 1942 in protest at the "autocratic" behaviour of Holland and the new party organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_1980_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams_1980-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1943_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1943 New Zealand general election">1943 election</a>, National reduced Labour's majority from 12 seats to four. In the <a href="/wiki/1946_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1946 New Zealand general election">1946 election</a>, National made further gains, but Labour was able to cling to a one-seat majority. However, in the <a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949 election</a>, thirteen years after the party's foundation, National won power after taking eight seats off Labour, and Holland became prime minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Government_(1949–1957)"><span id="First_Government_.281949.E2.80.931957.29"></span>First Government (1949–1957)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Government (1949–1957)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">First National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1953)_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/170px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/255px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/340px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sir Sidney Holland</a> was the first National Prime Minister, 1949–1957</figcaption></figure> <p>Sidney Holland was finance minister as well as prime minister in the new government. In 1949 National had campaigned on "the private ownership of production, distribution and exchange". Once in power the new Holland Government proved decidedly administratively conservative, retaining, for instance, compulsory unionism and the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> set up by the previous Labour government.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, the <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_waterfront_dispute" title="1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute">Waterfront Dispute</a> broke out, lasting 151 days. The National government stepped into the conflict, acting in opposition to the maritime <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">unions</a>. Holland also used this opportunity to call the 1951 <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">snap election</a>. Campaigning on an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> platform and exploiting the Labour Opposition's apparent indecisiveness, National returned with an increased majority, gaining 54 parliamentary seats out of 80.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954 election</a>, National was elected to a third term, though losing some of its seats. Towards the end of his third term, however, Holland became increasingly ill, and stepped down from the leadership shortly before the general election in 1957. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a>, the party's long-standing deputy leader, took Holland's place. Holyoake, however, had insufficient time to establish himself in the public mind as prime minister, and lost in the <a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">election later that year</a> to Labour, then led by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Government_(1960–1972)"><span id="Second_Government_.281960.E2.80.931972.29"></span>Second Government (1960–1972)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Government (1960–1972)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second National Government of New Zealand">Second National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keith_Holyoake_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Keith_Holyoake_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Keith_Holyoake_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Keith_Holyoake_%28crop%29.jpg/255px-Keith_Holyoake_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Keith_Holyoake_%28crop%29.jpg/340px-Keith_Holyoake_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Sir Keith Holyoake</a>, Prime Minister, 1957 and 1960–1972</figcaption></figure> <p>Nash's government became very unpopular as Labour acquired a reputation for poor economic management, and much of the public saw its <a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">1958 Budget</a>, known since as the "Black Budget", as miserly.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After only one term in office, Labour suffered defeat at the hands of Holyoake and the National Party in the <a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">elections of 1960</a>. </p><p>Holyoake's government lasted twelve years, the party winning re-election three times (in <a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1963 New Zealand general election">1963</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1966 New Zealand general election">1966</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1969_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1969 New Zealand general election">1969</a>). However, during this period <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit</a> arose, which broke the National/Labour duopoly in parliament, winning former National seats from 1966. Holyoake retired from the premiership and from the party leadership at the beginning of 1972, and his deputy, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Jack Marshall</a>, replaced him.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_1980_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams_1980-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marshall suffered the same fate as Holyoake. Having succeeded an experienced leader in an election-year, he failed to establish himself in time. Marshall had an added disadvantage; he had to compete against the much more popular and charismatic Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a>, and lost the ensuing <a href="/wiki/1972_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1972 New Zealand general election">election</a>. Unpopular policies, including initiating clear felling of parts of the Warawara kauri forest, also needlessly alienated voters.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_1980_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams_1980-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Government_(1975–1984)"><span id="Third_Government_.281975.E2.80.931984.29"></span>Third Government (1975–1984)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third Government (1975–1984)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">Third National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg/170px-Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg/255px-Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg/340px-Robert_Muldoon_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Sir Robert Muldoon</a>, Prime Minister, 1975–1984</figcaption></figure> <p>Within two years, the National Party removed Marshall as its parliamentary leader and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a>, who had previously served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Finance (New Zealand)">Minister of Finance</a>. An intense contest between Kirk and Muldoon followed. Kirk became ill and died in office (1974); his successor, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a>, proved no match for Muldoon, and in the <a href="/wiki/1975_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1975 New Zealand general election">1975 election</a>, National under Muldoon returned comfortably to power. </p><p>The Muldoon administration, which favoured <a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">interventionist</a> economic policies, arouses mixed opinions amongst the <a href="/wiki/Free-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market">free-market</a> adherents of the modern National. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Birch" title="Bill Birch">Bill Birch</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Think_Big" title="Think Big">Think Big</a>" initiatives, designed to invest public money in energy self-sufficiency, stand in contrast to the party's contemporary<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> views.<sup id="cite_ref-Scharpf-Schmidt_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scharpf-Schmidt-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muldoon's autocratic leadership style became increasingly unpopular with both the public and the party, and together with disgruntlement over economic policy led to an attempted leadership change in 1980. Led by ministers <a href="/wiki/Derek_Quigley" title="Derek Quigley">Derek Quigley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a>, the challenge (dubbed the "colonels' coup") against Muldoon aimed to replace him with <a href="/wiki/Brian_Talboys" title="Brian Talboys">Brian Talboys</a>, his deputy. However, the plan collapsed as the result of Talboys' unwillingness, and Muldoon kept his position.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Party_Logo_1970s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/National_Party_Logo_1970s.png/170px-National_Party_Logo_1970s.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/National_Party_Logo_1970s.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>A former National Party logo, used during the Muldoon era</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Muldoon, National won three consecutive general elections in 1975, <a href="/wiki/1978_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1978 New Zealand general election">1978</a> and <a href="/wiki/1981_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1981 New Zealand general election">1981</a>. However, public dissatisfaction grew, and Muldoon's controlling and belligerent style of <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a> became less and less appealing. In both the 1978 and 1981 elections, National gained fewer votes than the Labour opposition, but could command a small majority in Parliament because of the then-used <a href="/wiki/First_Past_the_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="First Past the Post">First Past the Post</a> electoral system. </p><p>Dissent within the National Party continued to grow, however, with rebel National MPs <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Waring" title="Marilyn Waring">Marilyn Waring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Minogue" title="Mike Minogue">Mike Minogue</a> causing particular concern to the leadership, threatening National's thin majority in parliament. When, in 1984, Marilyn Waring refused to support Muldoon's policies on visits by nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed ships, Muldoon called a snap <a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1984 New Zealand general election">election</a>. Muldoon made the television announcement of this election while visibly <a href="/wiki/Drunkenness" class="mw-redirect" title="Drunkenness">inebriated</a>, and some believe<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_1980_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams_1980-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that he later regretted the decision to "go to the country". National lost the election to Labour under <a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Government_(1990–1999)"><span id="Fourth_Government_.281990.E2.80.931999.29"></span>Fourth Government (1990–1999)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fourth Government (1990–1999)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Bolger,_1990s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Jim_Bolger%2C_1990s.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a>, Prime Minister, 1990–1997</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Fourth National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <p>Shortly after this loss, the National Party removed Muldoon from the leadership. <a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a>, who had replaced <a href="/wiki/Duncan_MacIntyre_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Duncan MacIntyre (New Zealand politician)">Duncan MacIntyre</a> as deputy leader shortly before the election, became the new leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986158_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986158-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McLay, an urban liberal with right-wing views on economics, however, failed to restore the party's fortunes. In 1986 <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a> took over the leadership with the support of centrists within the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986164_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986164-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1990 New Zealand general election">1990 election</a>, National defeated Labour in an electoral landslide and formed a new government under <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a>. However, the party lost some support from Muldoon era policy based conservatives when it continued the economic reforms which had ultimately led to the defeat of the previous Labour government—these policies, started by Labour Party Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Roger_Douglas" title="Roger Douglas">Roger Douglas</a> and popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a>, centred on the <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> of state assets and on the removal of <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a>. These policies alienated traditional Labour supporters, who saw them as a betrayal of the party's social service based character, but did not appear to appease the membership base of the non-parliamentary party either, which still had a significant supporter base for the <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statist</a> intervention style policies of the Muldoon Government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many more conservative and centrist National supporters preferred Muldoon's more authoritarian and interventionist policies over the free-market liberalism promoted by Douglas. However, the new National Party Finance Minister, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Richardson" title="Ruth Richardson">Ruth Richardson</a>, strongly supported Rogernomics, believing that Douglas had not gone far enough. Her policies—dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Ruthanasia" title="Ruthanasia">Ruthanasia</a>"— encouraged two MPs to leave the National Party and form the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party_(1991)" title="New Zealand Liberal Party (1991)">Liberal Party</a>. Richardson's views also met with considerable opposition within the National Party Parliamentary Caucus and for a time caused damage to the party's membership base.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1993 New Zealand general election">1993 election</a>, National was narrowly able to retain government owing partly to a slight economic recovery and the opposition being split between three competing parties. National's unprecedented eighteen-seat majority had virtually disappeared and the country faced an election night <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> for the first time since <a href="/wiki/1931_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1931 New Zealand general election">1931</a>, with National one seat short of the required 50 seats to govern. Final <a href="/wiki/Special_vote" title="Special vote">special votes</a> counted over the following days revealed National had won <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a>, allowing it to form a government with the majority of one seat but required the election of a Speaker from the opposition benches (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Tapsell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Peter Tapsell (New Zealand politician)">Peter Tapsell</a> of the Labour Party) to hold a working majority in the House. At the same time as the election, however, a referendum took place which established the <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">MMP</a> electoral system for future use in New Zealand general elections as widespread dissatisfaction with the existing political system led to reform. This would have a significant impact on New Zealand politics. Some National Party MPs defected to a new grouping, <a href="/wiki/United_New_Zealand" title="United New Zealand">United New Zealand</a> in mid-1995 whilst other splinter parties emerged. And, as a result of the new electoral mechanics, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a> party, led by former National MP and former Cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a>, held the balance of power after the <a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1996 New Zealand general election">1996 election</a>. After a prolonged period of negotiation lasting nearly two months, in which New Zealand First played National and Labour off against each other (both parties negotiated complete coalition agreements), New Zealand First entered into a coalition with National despite the fact many expected Peters to form such a coalition with Labour. </p><p>Under the coalition agreement, Peters became <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and had the post of <a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">Treasurer</a> especially created by the Crown for him. New Zealand First extracted a number of other concessions from National in exchange for its support. The influence of New Zealand First angered many National MPs, particularly <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Jenny Shipley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jenny_Shipley_2013_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jenny_Shipley_2013_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Jenny_Shipley_2013_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jenny_Shipley_2013_%28crop%29.jpg/255px-Jenny_Shipley_2013_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jenny_Shipley_2013_%28crop%29.jpg/340px-Jenny_Shipley_2013_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Dame Jenny Shipley</a>, Prime Minister, 1997–1999</figcaption></figure> <p>When, in 1997, Shipley toppled <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a> to become National's new leader, relations between National and its coalition partner quickly deteriorated. After Shipley sacked Peters from <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> in 1998, New Zealand First split into two groups and half the MPs followed Peters out of the coalition but the remainder broke away, establishing themselves as independents or as members of new parties of which none survived the 1999 election. From the latter group National gained enough support to continue in government with additional confidence support of <a href="/wiki/Alamein_Kopu" title="Alamein Kopu">Alamein Kopu</a> a defect Alliance List MP.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The visibly damaged National Government managed to survive the parliamentary term, but lost the <a href="/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1999 New Zealand general election">election</a> to Labour's <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_(New_Zealand_political_party)" title="Alliance (New Zealand political party)">Alliance</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jim_Anderton" title="Jim Anderton">Jim Anderton</a>, who formed a coalition government leaving National in opposition for nine years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_(1999–2008)"><span id="Opposition_.281999.E2.80.932008.29"></span>Opposition (1999–2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opposition (1999–2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shipley continued to lead the National Party until 2001, when <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> replaced her. English, however, proved unable to gain traction against Clark, and National suffered its worst-ever electoral defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2002 New Zealand general election">2002 election</a>, gaining only 27 of 120 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-2002_election_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002_election-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many hoped that English would succeed in rebuilding the party, given time, but a year later polling showed the party performing only slightly better than in the election. In October 2003 English gave way as leader to <a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Don Brash</a>, a former governor of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a> who had joined the National Parliamentary caucus in the 2002 election. </p><p>Under Brash, the National Party's overall popularity with voters improved markedly. Mostly, however, the party achieved this by "reclaiming" support from electors who voted for other centre-right parties in 2002. National's campaigning on race relations, amid claims of preferential treatment of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>, and amid their opposition to Labour Party policy during the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">foreshore-and-seabed controversy</a>, generated considerable publicity and much controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong campaigning on a tax-cuts theme in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2005_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2005 New Zealand general election">2005 election</a>, together with a consolidation of centre-right support, may have contributed to the National Party's winning 48 out of 121 seats in Parliament. National, however, remained the second-largest party in Parliament (marginally behind Labour, which gained 50 seats), and had fewer options for forming a coalition government. With the formation of a new Labour-dominated Government, National remained the major Opposition party. Before the leadership of John Key, the National Party had made renewed efforts to attract social conservative voters,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> through adoption of <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a> and anti-<a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> policies. </p><p>In the 2005 general election run up, it was revealed that the <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a>, a conservative Christian group, had distributed attack pamphlets critical of the Labour Party and praising of National to letterboxes throughout New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour insisted that National had close ties to and prior knowledge of these attacks, which was repeatedly denied by National. It was later admitted by the leader Don Brash that he indeed did have knowledge of the plan, a statement that was contradicted by MP Gerry Brownlee who subsequently denied the National party had any foreknowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 2005 election defeat Don Brash's leadership of National came under scrutiny from the media, and political watchers speculated on the prospect of a leadership-challenge before the next <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2008 New Zealand general election">general election due in 2008</a>. Brash resigned on 23 November 2006, immediately before the release of <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Hager" title="Nicky Hager">Nicky Hager</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Men_(book)" title="The Hollow Men (book)">The Hollow Men</a></i>, which contained damaging revelations obtained from private emails. <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> became the leader of the National caucus on 27 November 2006. Key fostered a more "centrist" image, discussing issues such as <a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">child poverty</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Government_(2008–2017)"><span id="Fifth_Government_.282008.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Fifth Government (2008–2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fifth Government (2008–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth National Government of New Zealand">Fifth National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Key_February_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Key_February_2015.jpg/170px-John_Key_February_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Key_February_2015.jpg/255px-John_Key_February_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Key_February_2015.jpg/340px-John_Key_February_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Sir John Key</a>, Prime Minister, 2008–2016</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 November 2008, the National Party won 58 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2008 New Zealand general election">general election</a>. The Labour Party, which had spent three terms in power, conceded the election and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> stepped down. National formed a minority government under <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> with <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence-and-supply</a> support from the <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT Party</a> (5 seats), the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Party">Māori Party</a> (5 seats) and <a href="/wiki/United_Future" title="United Future">United Future</a> (1 seat). On 19 November the Governor-General swore in the new National-led government.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Key's first Cabinet he gave the ACT Party's <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Hide" title="Rodney Hide">Rodney Hide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Roy" title="Heather Roy">Heather Roy</a> ministerial portfolios outside Cabinet, and the Māori Party's <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81riana_Turia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tāriana Turia">Tāriana Turia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pita_Sharples" title="Pita Sharples">Pita Sharples</a> the same. United Future leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dunne" title="Peter Dunne">Peter Dunne</a> retained his ministerial post outside Cabinet which he had held within the immediately preceding <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Labour Government</a>. </p><p>National came to power in the continuing wake of a <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis</a>. In response to New Zealand's rising debt, Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> made budget deficit-reduction his main priority for the first term. The government also <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">cut taxes</a> on all income; the top personal tax rate was lowered from 39% to 38% and then 33% in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2011 New Zealand general election">26 November 2011 general election</a>, National gained 47.31% of the party vote, the highest percentage gained by any political party since MMP was introduced, helped by a lower voter turnout and the misfortunes of its traditional support parties.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reduced wasted vote enabled the party to gain 59 seats in Parliament, one more than in 2008. National re-entered confidence-and-supply agreements with ACT (one seat) and United Future (one seat) on 5 December 2011, enabling it to form a minority government with the support of 61 seats in the new 121-seat Parliament. National also re-entered a confidence-and-supply agreement with the Māori Party on 11 December 2011 for extra insurance, despite the parties differing on National's contentious plans to partially sell (or "extend the mixed ownership model to") four state-owned enterprises. This nearly led to a cancellation of the agreement in February 2012 over <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">Treaty of Waitangi obligations</a> for the mixed ownership companies, and again in July 2012 over water rights.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The government also introduced the "mixed ownership model" plan, in which the Government planned to reduce its share in <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Energy_Limited" title="Genesis Energy Limited">Genesis Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Energy" title="Meridian Energy">Meridian Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Energy" title="Mercury Energy">Mighty River Power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid_Energy" title="Solid Energy">Solid Energy</a> from 100% to 51% and <a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a> from 74% to 51%, and <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">sell off</a> the remainder. The plans to sell down Solid Energy were later axed due to the company's poor financial position. <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_asset_sales_referendum" title="2013 New Zealand asset sales referendum">A citizens-initiated referendum</a> on the sell-downs returned a 67.3% vote in opposition (on a turnout of 45.1%).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Government won a third term at the <a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014 general election</a>. The National Party won 47.04% of the party vote, and increased its seats to 60. National resumed its confidence and supply agreements with ACT and United Future.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National government extended free <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a> visits to children under 13 as part of their 2014 election package, as well as extending paid parental leave by two weeks to 16 weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National parliamentary caucus was split on the issue of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">same-sex marriage</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout his second and third terms, Key campaigned heavily in favour of free-trade agreements such as the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After serving Prime Minister for eight years, Key announced his resignation as the party leader on 5 December 2016. He stepped down as Prime Minister on 12 December.<sup id="cite_ref-resignation_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resignation-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Key's deputy <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> was acclaimed as the party's new leader on 12 December 2016 after Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Coleman_(politician)" title="Jonathan Coleman (politician)">Jonathan Coleman</a> and Minister of Police <a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 New Zealand National Party leadership election">leadership election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_(2017–2023)"><span id="Opposition_.282017.E2.80.932023.29"></span>Opposition (2017–2023)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Opposition (2017–2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017 general election</a>, National's share of the party vote dropped to 44.4%. It lost four seats, dropping to 56, but remained the largest party in Parliament. Two of the National government's three support parties lost representation in parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-2017_general_election_results_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_general_election_results-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a>, held the balance of power, and formed a coalition with Labour, who also gained <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green Party</a> support, marking an end to the 9-year National government. English announced his intention to stay on as party leader until the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020 general election</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but subsequently resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 February 2018, English was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon Bridges">Simon Bridges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch Mosque shootings</a>, the party removed content from their website which indicated opposition to the UN <a href="/wiki/Global_Compact_for_Migration" title="Global Compact for Migration">Migration Compact</a>; a position also espoused by the terrorist in his manifesto.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 July 2020, however, the party's new leader Todd Muller confirmed in response to a question from a journalist that the party was still opposed to the pact, although it was not an issue he was focused on.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 May 2020, following poor <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 New Zealand general election">poll results for the party</a> during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the National Party held an emergency caucus meeting and voted to oust both leader Simon Bridges and deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Paula_Bennett" title="Paula Bennett">Paula Bennett</a>, replacing them with <a href="/wiki/Todd_Muller" title="Todd Muller">Todd Muller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Kaye" title="Nikki Kaye">Nikki Kaye</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less than two months later, Muller resigned citing that his position had "become untenable from a health perspective".<sup id="cite_ref-Muller_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muller-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came after a series of gaffes and scandals surrounding Muller and the National caucus during his tenure, triggering the <a href="/wiki/July_2020_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="July 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election">second leadership election</a> in as many months. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaye, who served as interim leader during the hours between Muller's resignation and Collins's election, was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a>. Collins led the party through the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020 election</a>, but was unable to recoup polling losses seen by the party throughout 2020 in time for the election, leading to the party losing 23 seats and suffering the second worst defeat in its history. Brownlee, who was the party campaign manager, lost his <a href="/wiki/Ilam_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ilam (New Zealand electorate)">electorate seat</a>, returning as an MP via the party list and resigning as deputy leader two weeks later; he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Shane_Reti" title="Shane Reti">Shane Reti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Luxon_(52535372229)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Smiling bald white man in suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1806" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> has served as the party's leader since November 2021</figcaption></figure><p>On 1 February 2021, Collins announced that the National Party would contest the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023 New Zealand general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her successor <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> confirmed they would still be contesting the seats under his leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 November 2021, Collins announced that Bridges was being demoted and stripped of his portfolios, in what was seen by many inside and outside the caucus (including National MP and Bridges' brother in-law <a href="/wiki/Simon_O%27Connor" title="Simon O'Connor">Simon O'Connor</a>) as an act of political revenge.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Connor later announced that he was resigning his portfolios in protest, and demanded Collins' own resignation. Collins was removed as leader in an emergency caucus meeting the following morning, with Reti becoming interim leader.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher Luxon was <a href="/wiki/2021_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2021 New Zealand National Party leadership election">elected unopposed</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Willis_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicola Willis (politician)">Nicola Willis</a> as his deputy, after Simon Bridges withdrew his candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_Government_(2023–present)"><span id="Sixth_Government_.282023.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Sixth Government (2023–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sixth Government (2023–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">Sixth National Government of New Zealand</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023 general election</a> held on 14 October, National under the leadership of Christopher Luxon defeated the incumbent Labour Party.<sup id="cite_ref-9_News_2023_victory_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9_News_2023_victory-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National won 38.08% of the popular vote and gained 48 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National's traditional coalition partner ACT won 11 seats, leaving a prospective National–ACT coalition just short of a majority with 59 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National formed a majority government with ACT and New Zealand First, the first three-party coalition under MMP.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_factions">Ideology and factions</h2><span 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p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Category:Conservatism in New Zealand">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#00529F; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#New_Zealand" title="Conservatism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in New Zealand</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#New_Zealand" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalism" title="Loyalism">Loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Ministry_(New_Zealand)" title="Continuous Ministry (New Zealand)">Continuous Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">Historic conservatism in New Zealand</a> (pre–1930s)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Russell (New Zealand politician)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Richardson" title="Ruth Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Birch" title="Bill Birch">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Copeland" title="Gordon Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Brash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Muller" title="Todd Muller">Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ormond_(farmer)" title="John Ormond (farmer)">Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farrar_(blogger)" title="David Farrar (blogger)">Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McCoskrie" title="Bob McCoskrie">McCoskrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Slater" title="Cameron Slater">Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Williams_(New_Zealand_lawyer)" title="Jordan Williams (New Zealand lawyer)">Williams</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT New Zealand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Conservatives_Party" title="New Conservatives Party">New Conservatives Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Reform Party">Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Party (New Zealand)">United Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Democrat_Party_(1934)" title="New Zealand Democrat Party (1934)">Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Party" title="New Zealand Party">New Zealand Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="Christian Heritage Party of New Zealand">Christian Heritage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Conservative_Party" title="New Zealand Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democrat_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Christian Democrat Party (New Zealand)">Christian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Green_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Progressive Green Party (New Zealand)">Progressive Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_New_Zealand" title="Destiny New Zealand">Destiny New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kiwi_Party" title="The Kiwi Party">The Kiwi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_NZ" title="Focus NZ">Focus NZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Party" title="The Family Party">The Family Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations and media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Future" title="Auckland Future">Auckland Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Citizens%27_Association" title="Wellington Citizens' Association">Citizens' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communities_and_Residents" title="Communities and Residents">Communities and Residents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Concerned_Citizens" title="Coalition of Concerned Citizens">Coalition of Concerned Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_First_New_Zealand" title="Family First New Zealand">Family First New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Investigate_(magazine)" title="Investigate (magazine)">Investigate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchy New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Front" title="New Zealand National Front">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legion" title="New Zealand Legion">New Zealand Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Taxpayers%27_Union" title="New Zealand Taxpayers' Union">Taxpayers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Nationals" title="New Zealand Young Nationals">Young Nationals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_New_Zealand" title="Christian politics in New Zealand">Christian politics in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">Liberalism in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/16px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_New_Zealand" title="Template:Conservatism New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Conservatism New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The New Zealand National Party has been characterised as a "<a href="/wiki/Broad_church#In_politics" title="Broad church">broad church</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encompassing both <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> tendencies, and outlying <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian">libertarian</a> tendencies. All factions tend to be in tension, although the conservative tendency frequently prevails.<sup id="cite_ref-teara_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vowles_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vowles-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The broad liberal tendency is expressed by both <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Vowles_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vowles-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the latter supporting <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early National Party was united in its <a href="/wiki/Anti-socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-socialism">anti-socialism</a>, in opposition to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-founded_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founded-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party's principles include "loyalty to our country, its democratic principles and our <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Sovereign</a> as Head of State; recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> as the founding document of New Zealand; national and personal security; equal citizenship and equal opportunity; individual freedom and choice; personal responsibility; competitive enterprise and rewards for achievement; <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a>; strong families and caring communities; sustainable development of our environment."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National supports a limited <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> but says that work, merit, innovation and personal initiative must be encouraged to reduce unemployment and boost <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a>. In a 1959 speech, party leader and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a> encapsulated the conservative and liberal principles of the National Party: </p> <blockquote><p>We believe in the maximum degree of personal freedom and the maximum degree of individual choice for our people. We believe in the least interference necessary with individual rights, and the least possible degree of state interference.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Historically, National supported a higher degree of state intervention than it has in recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Gustafson_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gustafson-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scharpf-Schmidt_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scharpf-Schmidt-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second National Government of New Zealand">Second</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">Third</a> National governments (1950s–1980s) generally sought to preserve the economic and social stability of New Zealand, mainly keeping intact the high degree of <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a> and the strong welfare state built up by the <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First Labour Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gustafson_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gustafson-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last major interventionist policy was Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a>'s massive infrastructure projects designed to ensure New Zealand's energy independence after the 1973 oil shock, <a href="/wiki/Think_Big" title="Think Big">Think Big</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palffy_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palffy-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Fourth National Government</a> (1990–1999) mostly carried on the sweeping <a href="/wiki/Free-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market">free-market</a> reforms of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth Labour Government</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a> (after Labour's finance minister <a href="/wiki/Roger_Douglas" title="Roger Douglas">Sir Roger Douglas</a>). The corporatisation and sale of numerous <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">state-owned enterprises</a>, the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> and major government spending cuts were introduced under the Fourth National Government, policies that were popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Ruthanasia" title="Ruthanasia">Ruthanasia</a> (National's finance minister at the time was <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Richardson" title="Ruth Richardson">Ruth Richardson</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth National Government of New Zealand">Fifth National Government</a> (2008–2017) took a relatively <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> position.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party has mixed views on <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">abortion</a>, with some MPs being against while others for.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/Conscience_vote" title="Conscience vote">conscience vote</a>, National Party MPs voted largely against the <a href="/wiki/Abortion_Legislation_Act_2020" title="Abortion Legislation Act 2020">Abortion Legislation Act 2020</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_base">Voter base</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Voter base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Party's core <a href="/wiki/Base_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Base (politics)">base</a> has traditionally comprised <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European New Zealanders</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>), social conservatives and rural voters,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it targets other groups too. National has retained a reputation for showing more favour to farmers and to business than Labour; the party provides for its support through incentives for farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vote_National_in_Kaikoura,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vote_National_in_Kaikoura%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Vote_National_in_Kaikoura%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vote_National_in_Kaikoura%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Vote_National_in_Kaikoura%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vote_National_in_Kaikoura%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Vote_National_in_Kaikoura%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>National Party election campaigners in <a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura" title="Kaikōura">Kaikōura</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1930s National first emulated and then outstripped Labour in building a large low-fee membership, with wide <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> support. By the mid-1970s it claimed to have around 200,000 members. Since 1981 National (as well as the Labour Party) has suffered a steady decline in membership. By the early 2000s party membership was below 30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National features both regional and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">electorate</a>-level organisational structures. National traditionally had a strongly decentralised organisation, designed to allow electorates and the five regions to appeal to the unique voter base in their area. However, in light of the <a href="/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2002 New Zealand general election">2002 election result</a>, in which the party suffered a significant loss of its support base, a review of the party organisation resulted in decisions to weaken the regional structure and to implement a more centralised structure. The restructuring was ostensibly planned to make the party organisation more "appropriate" for the <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional</a> electoral system, where votes are cast for a countrywide party list.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephens_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephens-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, the affairs of the party are centrally governed by a Board of Directors, comprising the party leader, one caucus representative, the party's general manager and seven elected members. The board elects a party president from within its members. An Annual Conference determines party <a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">policy</a>, and elects members to the Board of Directors. The party is subdivided into Electorate Committees; each committee sends six delegates to Annual Conference, including a chair and any <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MPs</a> from within the electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party">leader of the National Party</a> (currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a>), elected by the party's <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">current sitting MPs</a>, acts as a spokesperson for National and is responsible for managing the party's business within parliament. The president (currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Wood" title="Sylvia Wood">Sylvia Wood</a>, elected to the role in August 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> heads the administration outside of parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within National there are a number of organised groups of members, called Special Interest Groups, that share a particular belief, interest or cause. Other groups are also involved in the party's policy reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the Bluegreens are a group within National who help formulate <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">environmental policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's youth wing, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Nationals" title="New Zealand Young Nationals">Young Nationals</a> (commonly known as the <i>Young Nats</i>), has provided much political impetus as a <a href="/wiki/Ginger_group" title="Ginger group">ginger group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stephens_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephens-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often the more social-liberal views of the Young Nats have been at odds with those in the senior party.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National is affiliated to—and plays a leading part in—the <a href="/wiki/International_Democracy_Union" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a> (IDU) and the <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific Democrat Union">Asia Pacific Democrat Union</a> (APDU).<sup id="cite_ref-APDU_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APDU-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former National Prime Minister John Key was the chairman of the IDU from 2014 to 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Electoral results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Party votes </th> <th>Total % </th> <th>Seats won </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>381,081 </td> <td>40.30% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">Opposition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1943_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1943 New Zealand general election">1943</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>402,887 </td> <td>42.78% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">34 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1946_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1946 New Zealand general election">1946</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>507,139 </td> <td>48.43% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">38 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>556,805 </td> <td>51.88% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">46 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">Majority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">1951</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>577,630 </td> <td>53.99% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>485,630 </td> <td>44.27% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>511,699 </td> <td>44.21% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">39 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Opposition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>557,046 </td> <td>47.59% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">46 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Second_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second National Government of New Zealand">Majority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1963 New Zealand general election">1963</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>563,875 </td> <td>47.12% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1966_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1966 New Zealand general election">1966</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>525,945 </td> <td>43.64% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 80</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1969 New Zealand general election">1969</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>605,960 </td> <td>45.22% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">45 / 84</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1972 New Zealand general election">1972</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>581,422 </td> <td>41.50% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">32 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Third_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third Labour Government of New Zealand">Opposition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1975_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1975 New Zealand general election">1975</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>763,136 </td> <td>47.59% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">55 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">Majority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1978_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1978 New Zealand general election">1978</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>680,991 </td> <td>39.82% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">51 / 92</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1981_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1981 New Zealand general election">1981</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>698,508 </td> <td>38.77% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">47 / 92</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1984 New Zealand general election">1984</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>692,494 </td> <td>35.89% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">37 / 95</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Opposition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1987 New Zealand general election">1987</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>806,305 </td> <td>44.02% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">40 / 97</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1990 New Zealand general election">1990</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>872,358 </td> <td>47.82% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">67 / 97</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Majority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1993 New Zealand general election">1993</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_86-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>673,892 </td> <td>35.05% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 99</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Minority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">Mixed-member proportional representation</a> introduced in 1996</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1996 New Zealand general election">1996</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>701,315 </td> <td>33.87% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Coalition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1999 New Zealand general election">1999</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>629,932 </td> <td>30.50% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">39 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Opposition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2002 New Zealand general election">2002</a><sup id="cite_ref-2002_election_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002_election-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>425,310 </td> <td>20.93% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2005_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2005 New Zealand general election">2005</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>889,813 </td> <td>39.10% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">48 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2008 New Zealand general election">2008</a><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1,053,398 </td> <td>44.93% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">58 / 122</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth National Government of New Zealand">Minority</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2011 New Zealand general election">2011</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1,058,638 </td> <td>47.31% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">59 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1,131,501 </td> <td>47.04% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">60 / 121</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1,152,075 </td> <td>44.45% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">56 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Opposition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>738,275 </td> <td>25.58% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023</a> </th> <td>1,085,016 </td> <td>38.06%<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">48 / 123</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00529F; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">Coalition</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_leaders_since_1936">Party leaders since 1936</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Party leaders since 1936"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party">Leader of the New Zealand National Party</a></div> <p><b>Key:</b><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#00529F; color:white;"> </span> National</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#D82A20; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a></span><br /> <i>PM</i>: <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a><br /> <i>LO</i>: <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th colspan="2">Term of Office </th> <th>Position </th> <th colspan="2">Prime Minister </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Hamilton,_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg/100px-Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg/150px-Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg/200px-Adam_Hamilton%2C_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6304" data-file-height="8296" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">2 November 1936 </td> <td rowspan="2">26 November 1940 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>LO</i> <small>1936–1940</small> </td> <td height="100" style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_George_Holland_(1953)_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/100px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/150px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png/200px-Sidney_George_Holland_%281953%29_2.png 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">26 November 1940 </td> <td rowspan="2">20 September 1957 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>1940–1949</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1949–1957</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Holland</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">3 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keith_Holyoake_(1960).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Keith_Holyoake_%281960%29.jpg/100px-Keith_Holyoake_%281960%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Keith_Holyoake_%281960%29.jpg/150px-Keith_Holyoake_%281960%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Keith_Holyoake_%281960%29.jpg/200px-Keith_Holyoake_%281960%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="3377" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3">20 September 1957 </td> <td rowspan="3">7 February 1972 </td> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1957</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Holyoake</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>LO</i> <small>1957–1960</small> </td> <td style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Nash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1960–1972</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Holyoake</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">4 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Jack Marshall</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Marshall,_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg/100px-Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg/150px-Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg/200px-Jack_Marshall%2C_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="920" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">7 February 1972 </td> <td rowspan="2">4 July 1974 </td> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1972</small> </td> <td height="50" style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Marshall</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>LO</i> <small>1972–1974</small> </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 0 grey; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">5 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muldoon_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muldoon_1978.jpg/100px-Muldoon_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muldoon_1978.jpg/150px-Muldoon_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Muldoon_1978.jpg/200px-Muldoon_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="824" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4">4 July 1974 </td> <td rowspan="4">29 November 1984 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>LO</i> <small>1974–1975</small> </td> <td height="15" style="border-top:solid 0 grey; background:#D82A20"> </td></tr> <tr> <td height="50" style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Rowling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1975–1984</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Muldoon</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>LO</i> <small>1984</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 0 gray; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">Lange</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_%2818%29.jpg/100px-Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_%2818%29.jpg/150px-Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_%2818%29.jpg/200px-Conference_on_Facilitating_the_Entry_into_Force_of_the_CTBT_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1561" /></a></span> </td> <td>29 November 1984 </td> <td>26 March 1986 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>1984–1986</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">7 </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Jim_Bolger_ONZ_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1078" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4">26 March 1986 </td> <td rowspan="4">8 December 1997 </td> <td rowspan="3"><i>LO</i> <small>1986–1990</small> </td> <td height="15" style="border-top:solid 0 gray; background:#D82A20"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Moore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1990–1997</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Bolger</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">8 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Jenny Shipley</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg/100px-Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg/150px-Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg/200px-Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="997" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">8 December 1997 </td> <td rowspan="2">8 October 2001 </td> <td><i>PM</i> <small>1997–1999</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Shipley</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>LO</i> <small>1999–2001</small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_English_KNZM_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </td> <td>8 October 2001 </td> <td>28 October 2003 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2001–2003</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Don Brash</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don.Brash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Don.Brash.jpg/100px-Don.Brash.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Don.Brash.jpg/150px-Don.Brash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Don.Brash.jpg/200px-Don.Brash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="670" /></a></span> </td> <td>28 October 2003 </td> <td>27 November 2006 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2003–2006</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">11 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Key_Pentagon_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/John_Key_Pentagon_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-John_Key_Pentagon_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/John_Key_Pentagon_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-John_Key_Pentagon_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/John_Key_Pentagon_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-John_Key_Pentagon_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1087" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">27 November 2006 </td> <td rowspan="2">12 December 2016 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2006–2008</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>PM</i> <small>2008–2016</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Key</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">(9) </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_English_KNZM_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Bill_English_KNZM_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">12 December 2016 </td> <td rowspan="2">27 February 2018 </td> <td><i>PM</i> <small>2016–2017</small> </td> <td style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>English</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2017–2018</small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom:solid 0 gray; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon Bridges">Simon Bridges</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Bridges_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="364" /></a></span> </td> <td>27 February 2018 </td> <td>22 May 2020 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2018–2020</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Todd_Muller" title="Todd Muller">Todd Muller</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Todd_Muller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Todd_Muller.jpg/100px-Todd_Muller.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Todd_Muller.jpg/150px-Todd_Muller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Todd_Muller.jpg/200px-Todd_Muller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="2440" /></a></span> </td> <td>22 May 2020 </td> <td>14 July 2020 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2020</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judith_Collins.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Judith_Collins.png/100px-Judith_Collins.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Judith_Collins.png/150px-Judith_Collins.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Judith_Collins.png/200px-Judith_Collins.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="442" /></a></span> </td> <td>14 July 2020 </td> <td>25 November 2021 </td> <td><i>LO</i> <small>2020–2021</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">15 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Luxon_(52535372229)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Christopher_Luxon_%2852535372229%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1806" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3">30 November 2021 </td> <td rowspan="3"><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>LO</i> <small>2021–2023</small> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 0 gray; background:#D82A20"> </td></tr> <tr> <td height="15" style="background:#D82A20"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>PM</i> <small>2023–present</small> </td> <td height="50" style="background:#00529F"> </td> <td><i>Luxon</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Living_former_party_leaders">Living former party leaders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Living former party leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of November 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are nine living former party leaders, as seen below. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_McLay.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Jim McLay served 1984–1986 born 1945 (age 79)"><img alt="Sir Jim McLay served 1984–1986 born 1945 (age 79)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jim_McLay.jpg/88px-Jim_McLay.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jim_McLay.jpg/132px-Jim_McLay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jim_McLay.jpg/176px-Jim_McLay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Sir Jim McLay</a><br />served 1984–1986 <br />born 1945 (age <span class="currentage"></span>79)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jim Bolger served 1986–1997 born 1935 (age 89)"><img alt="Jim Bolger served 1986–1997 born 1935 (age 89)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg/96px-Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg/144px-Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg/192px-Jim_Bolger_at_press_conference_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="1270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a><br />served 1986–1997 <br />born 1935 (age <span class="currentage"></span>89)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dame Jenny Shipley served 1997–2001 born 1952 (age 72)"><img alt="Dame Jenny Shipley served 1997–2001 born 1952 (age 72)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg/88px-Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg/132px-Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg/176px-Jenny_Shipley_and_Winnie_Laban_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Dame Jenny Shipley</a><br />served 1997–2001<br />born 1952 (age <span class="currentage"></span>72)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_English_September_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Bill English served 2001–03; 2016–18 born 1961 (age 62)"><img alt="Sir Bill English served 2001–03; 2016–18 born 1961 (age 62)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bill_English_September_2016.jpg/88px-Bill_English_September_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bill_English_September_2016.jpg/132px-Bill_English_September_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bill_English_September_2016.jpg/176px-Bill_English_September_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="2167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Sir Bill English</a><br />served 2001–03; 2016–18<br />born 1961 (age <span class="currentage"></span>62)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don.Brash.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Don Brash served 2003–2006 born 1940 (age 84)"><img alt="Don Brash served 2003–2006 born 1940 (age 84)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Don.Brash.jpg/101px-Don.Brash.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Don.Brash.jpg/152px-Don.Brash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Don.Brash.jpg/203px-Don.Brash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Don Brash</a><br />served 2003–2006<br />born 1940 (age <span class="currentage"></span>84)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Key_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir John Key served 2006–2016 born 1961 (age 63)"><img alt="Sir John Key served 2006–2016 born 1961 (age 63)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/John_Key_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/82px-John_Key_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/John_Key_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/123px-John_Key_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/John_Key_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/164px-John_Key_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="962" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Sir John Key</a><br />served 2006–2016<br />born 1961 (age <span class="currentage"></span>63)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Bridges_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simon Bridges served 2018–2020 born 1976 (age 48)"><img alt="Simon Bridges served 2018–2020 born 1976 (age 48)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/127px-Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Simon_Bridges_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon Bridges">Simon Bridges</a><br />served 2018–2020<br />born 1976 (age <span class="currentage"></span>48)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Todd_Muller.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Todd Muller served 2020 born 1968 (age 55)"><img alt="Todd Muller served 2020 born 1968 (age 55)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Todd_Muller.jpg/84px-Todd_Muller.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Todd_Muller.jpg/126px-Todd_Muller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Todd_Muller.jpg/168px-Todd_Muller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="2440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Muller" title="Todd Muller">Todd Muller</a><br />served 2020<br />born 1968 (age <span class="currentage"></span>55)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judith_Collins.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Judith Collins served 2020–2021 born 1959 (age 65)"><img alt="Judith Collins served 2020–2021 born 1959 (age 65)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Judith_Collins.png/84px-Judith_Collins.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Judith_Collins.png/126px-Judith_Collins.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Judith_Collins.png/168px-Judith_Collins.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a><br />served 2020–2021<br />born 1959 (age <span class="currentage"></span>65)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_leaders">Deputy leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Deputy leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Polson" title="William Polson">William Polson</a></td> <td>1940–1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></td> <td>1946–1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Jack Marshall</a></td> <td>1957–1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a></td> <td>1972–1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Talboys" title="Brian Talboys">Brian Talboys</a></td> <td>1974–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duncan_MacIntyre_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Duncan MacIntyre (New Zealand politician)">Duncan MacIntyre</a></td> <td>1981–1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a></td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a></td> <td>1984–1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Gair" title="George Gair">George Gair</a></td> <td>1986–1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_McKinnon" title="Don McKinnon">Don McKinnon</a></td> <td>1987–1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Creech" title="Wyatt Creech">Wyatt Creech</a></td> <td>1997–2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sowry" title="Roger Sowry">Roger Sowry</a></td> <td>2001–2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nick_Smith_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)">Nick Smith</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></td> <td>2003–2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(12)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a></td> <td>2006–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paula_Bennett" title="Paula Bennett">Paula Bennett</a></td> <td>2016–2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Kaye" title="Nikki Kaye">Nikki Kaye</a></td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(15)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shane_Reti" title="Shane Reti">Shane Reti</a></td> <td>2020–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Willis_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicola Willis (politician)">Nicola Willis</a></td> <td>2021–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_presidents">Party presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Party presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Wilson_(businessman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Wilson (businessman) (page does not exist)">George Wilson</a></td> <td>1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claude_Weston" title="Claude Weston">Claude Weston</a></td> <td>1936–1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Alex Gordon</td> <td>1940–1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Sim" title="Wilfrid Sim">Wilfrid Sim</a></td> <td>1944–1951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alex_McKenzie" title="Alex McKenzie">Alex McKenzie</a></td> <td>1951–1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Meadowcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Meadowcroft (page does not exist)">Jack Meadowcroft</a></td> <td>1962–1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ned_Holt" title="Ned Holt">Ned Holt</a></td> <td>1966–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_(party_president)" title="George Chapman (party president)">George Chapman</a></td> <td>1973–1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sue_Wood" title="Sue Wood">Sue Wood</a></td> <td>1982–1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neville_Young" title="Neville Young">Neville Young</a></td> <td>1986–1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Collinge" title="John Collinge">John Collinge</a></td> <td>1989–1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Tisch" title="Lindsay Tisch">Lindsay Tisch</a></td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Thompson_(politician)" title="Geoff Thompson (politician)">Geoff Thompson</a></td> <td>1994–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Slater_(New_Zealand_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Slater (New Zealand politician) (page does not exist)">John Slater</a></td> <td>1998–2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Boag" title="Michelle Boag">Michelle Boag</a></td> <td>2001–2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Kirk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judy Kirk (page does not exist)">Judy Kirk</a></td> <td>2002–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goodfellow_(politician)" title="Peter Goodfellow (politician)">Peter Goodfellow</a></td> <td>2009–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Wood" title="Sylvia Wood">Sylvia Wood</a></td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Short biographies of all presidents up to Sue Wood appear in Barry Gustafson's <i>The First Fifty Years</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Election+2014%3A+Nats%27+promises+to+you&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft.issn=1170-0777&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11328620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181102105956.htm">"Voters' preexisting opinions shift to align with political party positions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Psychological_Science" title="Association for Psychological Science">Association for Psychological Science</a>. 2 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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John Key, the New Zealand Prime Minister and leader of the centre-right National Party at the time, advocated for changing the flag design, while, Andrew Little, the leader of the centre-left Labour Party at the time, opposed the change.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voters%27+preexisting+opinions+shift+to+align+with+political+party+positions&rft.pub=Association+for+Psychological+Science&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2018%2F11%2F181102105956.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papillon_et_al-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Papillon_et_al_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapillonTurgeonWallnerWhite2014" class="citation book cs1">Papillon, Martin; Turgeon, Luc; Wallner, Jennifer; White, Stephen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WpU8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126"><i>Comparing Canada: Methods and Perspectives on Canadian Politics</i></a>. UBC Press. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780774827867" title="Special:BookSources/9780774827867"><bdi>9780774827867</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>...in New Zealand politics, by the centre-left Labour Party and the centre-right National Party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparing+Canada%3A+Methods+and+Perspectives+on+Canadian+Politics&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780774827867&rft.aulast=Papillon&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Turgeon%2C+Luc&rft.au=Wallner%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=White%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWpU8BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raymond_2005_32-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raymond_2005_32_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raymond_2005_32_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2005" class="citation book cs1">Raymond, Miller (2005). <i>Party Politics in New Zealand</i>. Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Politics+in+New+Zealand&rft.place=Australia&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHossain2015" class="citation book cs1">Hossain, Akhand Akhtar (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo5HCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA317"><i>The Evolution of Central Banking and Monetary Policy in the Asia-Pacific</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nine+News&rft.atitle=Former+businessman+Christopher+Luxon+wins+New+Zealand+election+as+voters+seek+conservative+change&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.9news.com.au%2Farticle%2F13fa486a-0d64-457c-9a88-69c5989b0747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.nz/media-and-news/2023/official-results-for-the-2023-general-election/">"Official results for the 2023 General Election"</a>. New Zealand Electoral Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+results+for+the+2023+General+Election&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.nz%2Fmedia-and-news%2F2023%2Fofficial-results-for-the-2023-general-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2005" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Raymond (2005). <i>Party Politics in New Zealand</i>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199240876" title="Special:BookSources/9780199240876"><bdi>9780199240876</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welfare+and+Work+in+the+Open+Economy%3A+From+vulnerability+to+competitiveness&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780199240876&rft.aulast=Scharpf&rft.aufirst=Fritz+Wilhelm&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Vivien+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNOETDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson2013" class="citation book cs1">Gustafson, Barry (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8tRaAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA109"><i>His Way: a Biography of Robert Muldoon</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=National+MP+Simon+O%27Connor+says+Judith+Collins+must+resign+over+%27appalling%27+behaviour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F300462679%2Fnational-mp-simon-oconnor-says-judith-collins-must-resign-over-appalling-behaviour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300463061/judith-collins-attempt-to-rule-by-fear-contributes-to-ousting-national-exmp-says">"Judith Collins' attempt to 'rule by fear' contributes to ousting, National ex-MP says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Judith+Collins%27+attempt+to+%27rule+by+fear%27+contributes+to+ousting%2C+National+ex-MP+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F300463061%2Fjudith-collins-attempt-to-rule-by-fear-contributes-to-ousting-national-exmp-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/456496/judith-collins-removed-as-national-party-leader">"Judith Collins removed as National Party leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 25 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=National+leadership%3A+Christopher+Luxon+elected+leader%2C+Nicola+Willis+deputy&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F300466529%2Fnational-leadership-christopher-luxon-elected-leader-nicola-willis-deputy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/">"Official count – Overall Results"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Electoral Commission (New Zealand)">Electoral Commission</a>. 3 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107112928/https://www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+count+%E2%80%93+Overall+Results&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectionresults.govt.nz%2Felectionresults_2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorlett2023" class="citation news cs1">Corlett, Eva (14 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/14/new-zealand-election-2023-results-national-party-labour-">"New Zealand abandons Labour and shifts to the right as country votes for wholesale change"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018002814/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/14/new-zealand-election-2023-results-national-party-labour-">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+abandons+Labour+and+shifts+to+the+right+as+country+votes+for+wholesale+change&rft.date=2023-10-14&rft.aulast=Corlett&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F14%2Fnew-zealand-election-2023-results-national-party-labour-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/national-nz-first-act-coalition-christopher-luxon-to-be-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-today-along-with-ministers-new-government-kicks-into-gear/4ACAOUV6RBBOPJTNUJBF3UWYLM/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Strong, productive, unified': Luxon sworn in as PM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 28 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Strong%2C+productive%2C+unified%27%3A+Luxon+sworn+in+as+PM&rft.date=2023-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fpolitics%2Fnational-nz-first-act-coalition-christopher-luxon-to-be-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-today-along-with-ministers-new-government-kicks-into-gear%2F4ACAOUV6RBBOPJTNUJBF3UWYLM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVowles2013" class="citation book cs1">Vowles, Jack (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G0JeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT20"><i>Towards Consensus?: The 1993 Election and Referendum in New Zealand and the Transition to Proportional Representation</i></a>. Auckland University Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781869407162" title="Special:BookSources/9781869407162"><bdi>9781869407162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+Consensus%3F%3A+The+1993+Election+and+Referendum+in+New+Zealand+and+the+Transition+to+Proportional+Representation&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781869407162&rft.aulast=Vowles&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG0JeAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vowles-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vowles_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vowles_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVowles1987" class="citation book cs1">Vowles, Jack (1987). <i>The New Zealand Journal of History</i>. University of Auckland. p. 225. <q>[T]he National Party is both conservative and liberal, its liberalism containing both elements of classical and new liberalism, the implications of the latter also overlapping with elements of conservatism. Within the National Party, it is the liberals rather than the conservatives who are most self-conscious and vocal, although the conservatives most frequently seem to prevail.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Zealand+Journal+of+History&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=University+of+Auckland&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Vowles&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2014" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Norman (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-d4FBAAAQBAJ"><i>Mixed Economies Welfare</i></a> (revised ed.). Routledge. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317903802" title="Special:BookSources/9781317903802"><bdi>9781317903802</bdi></a>. <q>The conservative National Party that formed the government in New Zealand after 1990, went even further than its Labour predecessor in implementing neo-liberal economic and social policies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mixed+Economies+Welfare&rft.pages=62&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317903802&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-d4FBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.national.org.nz/values">"Our Values"</a>. <i>New Zealand National Party</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+National+Party&rft.atitle=Our+Values&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.national.org.nz%2Fvalues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith Holyoake, <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Debates</i>, 14 July 1959, vol. 319, p. 406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gustafson-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gustafson_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gustafson_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson2013" class="citation book cs1">Gustafson, Barry (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8tRaAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA10"><i>His Way: a Biography of Robert Muldoon</i></a>. Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781869405175" title="Special:BookSources/9781869405175"><bdi>9781869405175</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=His+Way%3A+a+Biography+of+Robert+Muldoon&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.isbn=9781869405175&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8tRaAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palffy-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palffy_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalffy2008" class="citation book cs1">Palffy, Georgina (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RLgN7gqw0boC&pg=PA65"><i>New Zealand</i></a>. New Holland Publishers. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860114052" title="Special:BookSources/9781860114052"><bdi>9781860114052</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781860114052&rft.aulast=Palffy&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRLgN7gqw0boC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHembry2011" class="citation news cs1">Hembry, Owen (31 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10703096">"In the shadow of Think Big"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Count+Results+%E2%80%93+Overall+Status&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.electionresults.govt.nz%2Felectionresults_2011%2Fpartystatus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2014/partystatus.html">"Official Count Results – Overall Status"</a>. Electoral Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Count+Results+%E2%80%93+Overall+Status&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.electionresults.govt.nz%2Felectionresults_2014%2Fpartystatus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2017/">"2017 General Election – Official Result"</a>. Electoral Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+General+Election+%E2%80%93+Official+Result&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.electionresults.govt.nz%2Felectionresults_2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2020/">"2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result"</a>. <i>elections.nz</i>. Electoral Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elections.nz&rft.atitle=2020+General+Election+and+Referendums+%E2%80%93+Official+Result&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectionresults.govt.nz%2Felectionresults_2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boston, Jonathan. <i>Left Turn: The New Zealand general election of 1999</i> (Victoria U.P, 2000)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoston,_Jonathan2004" class="citation book cs1">Boston, Jonathan; et al. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-ql-Xs9hhkC&pg=PA256"><i>New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria University Press">Victoria University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780864734686" title="Special:BookSources/9780864734686"><bdi>9780864734686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Votes%3A+The+2002+General+Election&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780864734686&rft.au=Boston%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN-ql-Xs9hhkC%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_(party_president)" title="George Chapman (party president)">Chapman, George</a> (1980). <i>The Years of Lightning</i>. Wellington: AH & AW Reed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-589-01346-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-589-01346-7"><bdi>0-589-01346-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Years+of+Lightning&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=AH+%26+AW+Reed&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-589-01346-7&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Easton_(economist)" title="Brian Easton (economist)">Easton, Brian</a>. <i>Making of Rogernomics</i> (1989) on late 1980s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a>, <i>His Way, a biography of Robert Muldoon</i> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_Press" title="Auckland University Press">Auckland University Press</a>, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86940-236-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86940-236-7">1-86940-236-7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/99634836/his-way-a-biography-of-robert-muldoon">online</a>, National prime minister 1975–84</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a>. <i>Kiwi Keith: A Biography of Keith Holyoake</i> (2009), National Prime Minister, 1957, 1960–72</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1986). <i>The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party</i>. Auckland: <a href="/wiki/Reed_Methuen" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Methuen">Reed Methuen</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-474-00177-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-474-00177-6"><bdi>0-474-00177-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+50+Years%3A+A+History+of+the+New+Zealand+National+Party&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed+Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-474-00177-6&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+National+Party" class="Z3988"></span> (includes short biographies of all National MPs from 1936 to 1986, and of a selection of organisational figures)</li> <li>Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. <i>The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005</i> (Victoria U.P, 2007)</li> <li>Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. <i>Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008</i> (Victoria U.P, 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Russell" title="Marcia Russell">Russell, Marcia</a>. <i>Revolution: New Zealand From Fortress to Free Market</i> (1996) on Rogernomics in 1980s</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_National_Party&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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selflink">National</a> (49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> (34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_First" title="New Zealand First">New Zealand First</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Māori</a> (6)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrepresented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Justice_Party_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Animal Justice Party Aotearoa New Zealand">Animal Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Legalise_Cannabis_Party" title="Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a 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style="width:1%">Unregistered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_New_Zealand_Party" title="Heartland New Zealand Party">Heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Momentum Party">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_Free_movement#Political_activities_in_New_Zealand" title="Money Free movement">Money Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_A_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Not A Party">Not A Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Progressive Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_of_New_Zealand_Party" title="The Republic of New Zealand Party">Republic of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_the_Vote_NZ" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock the Vote NZ">Rock the Vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Aotearoa" title="Socialist Aotearoa">Socialist Aotearoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_National_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;background:#00529F; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NZ_National_Party" title="Template:NZ National Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NZ_National_Party" title="Template talk:NZ National Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NZ_National_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NZ National Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_National_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">New Zealand National Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_National_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand National Party"><span style="color:white;">Party leaders</span></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Names in bold served as Prime Minister</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Hamilton" title="Adam Hamilton">Adam Hamilton</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a></b> (1940–1957)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></b> (1957–1972)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Jack Marshall</a></b> (1972–1974)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a></b> (1974–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a></b> (1986–1997)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Jenny Shipley</a></b> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Brash" title="Don Brash">Don Brash</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a></b> (2006–2016)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a></b> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bridges" title="Simon Bridges">Simon Bridges</a> (2018–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Muller" title="Todd Muller">Todd Muller</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a></b> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Party_Presidents"><span style="color:white;">Party presidents</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir George Wilson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Weston" title="Claude Weston">Claude Weston</a></li> <li>Alex Gordon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Sim" title="Wilfrid Sim">Sir Wilfrid Sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_McKenzie" title="Alex McKenzie">Sir Alex McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Meadowcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Meadowcroft (page does not exist)">Jack Meadowcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Holt" title="Ned Holt">Ned Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_(party_president)" title="George Chapman (party president)">Sir George Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Wood" title="Sue Wood">Sue Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Young" title="Neville Young">Neville Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collinge" title="John Collinge">John Collinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Tisch" title="Lindsay Tisch">Lindsay Tisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Thompson_(politician)" title="Geoff Thompson (politician)">Geoff Thompson</a></li> <li>John Slater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Boag" title="Michelle Boag">Michelle Boag</a></li> <li>Judy Kirk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goodfellow_(politician)" title="Peter Goodfellow (politician)">Peter Goodfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Wood" title="Sylvia Wood">Sylvia Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/53rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="53rd New Zealand Parliament"><span style="color:white;">Current members of parliament</span></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Names without electorates are list MPs</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Botany_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Botany (New Zealand electorate)">Botany</a>)</span></dd> <dt>Deputy leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Willis" title="Nicola Willis">Nicola Willis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Anderson_(politician)" title="Miles Anderson (politician)">Miles Anderson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bates" title="Carl Bates">Carl Bates</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Whanganui_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whanganui (New Zealand electorate)">Whanganui</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bayly" title="Andrew Bayly">Andrew Bayly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Port_Waikato_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Port Waikato (New Zealand electorate)">Port Waikato</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bidois" title="Dan Bidois">Dan Bidois</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Northcote_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Northcote (New Zealand electorate)">Northcote</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Bishop" title="Chris Bishop">Chris Bishop</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hutt_South" title="Hutt South">Hutt South</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Brewer" title="Cameron Brewer">Cameron Brewer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Upper Harbour (New Zealand electorate)">Upper Harbour</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Brown" title="Simeon Brown">Simeon Brown</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pakuranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)">Pakuranga</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Butterick" title="Mike Butterick">Mike Butterick</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Wairarapa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate)">Wairarapa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamish_Campbell" title="Hamish Campbell">Hamish Campbell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ilam_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ilam (New Zealand electorate)">Ilam</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cheung" title="Carlos Cheung">Carlos Cheung</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mount_Roskill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Roskill (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Roskill</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Papakura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papakura (New Zealand electorate)">Papakura</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Costley" title="Tim Costley">Tim Costley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōtaki (New Zealand electorate)">Ōtaki</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Doocey" title="Matt Doocey">Matt Doocey</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Waimakariri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waimakariri (New Zealand electorate)">Waimakariri</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fleming_(politician)" title="Greg Fleming (politician)">Greg Fleming</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Maungakiekie (New Zealand electorate)">Maungakiekie</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Garcia_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Paulo Garcia (New Zealand politician)">Paulo Garcia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/New_Lynn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Lynn (New Zealand electorate)">New Lynn</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldsmith_(politician)" title="Paul Goldsmith (politician)">Paul Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Grigg" title="Nicola Grigg">Nicola Grigg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hamilton_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Ryan Hamilton (New Zealand politician)">Ryan Hamilton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton East</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Kirkpatrick" title="Dana Kirkpatrick">Dana Kirkpatrick</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Coast_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Coast (New Zealand electorate)">East Coast</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kuriger" title="Barbara Kuriger">Barbara Kuriger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taranaki-King_Country" title="Taranaki-King Country">Taranaki-King Country</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Lee" title="Melissa Lee">Melissa Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lu" title="Nancy Lu">Nancy Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_McCallum" title="Grant McCallum">Grant McCallum</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Northland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Northland (New Zealand electorate)">Northland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_McClay" title="Todd McClay">Todd McClay</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rotorua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rotorua (New Zealand electorate)">Rotorua</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacLeod" title="David MacLeod">David MacLeod</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)">New Plymouth</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meager" title="James Meager">James Meager</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rangitata_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangitata (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitata</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mitchell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)">Mark Mitchell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Whangapar%C4%81oa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whangaparāoa (New Zealand electorate)">Whangaparāoa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mooney_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Joseph Mooney (New Zealand politician)">Joseph Mooney</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Southland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Southland (New Zealand electorate)">Southland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rima_Nakhle" title="Rima Nakhle">Rima Nakhle</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Takanini_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Takanini (New Zealand electorate)">Takanini</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Nimon" title="Katie Nimon">Katie Nimon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Napier_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Napier (New Zealand electorate)">Napier</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Penk" title="Chris Penk">Chris Penk</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaipara_ki_Mahurangi" title="Kaipara ki Mahurangi">Kaipara ki Mahurangi</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_Potaka" title="Tama Potaka">Tama Potaka</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton West (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton West</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Pugh" title="Maureen Pugh">Maureen Pugh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/West_Coast-Tasman" title="West Coast-Tasman">West Coast-Tasman</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suze_Redmayne" title="Suze Redmayne">Suze Redmayne</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%ABkei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangitīkei (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitīkei</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Reti" title="Shane Reti">Shane Reti</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whangārei (New Zealand electorate)">Whangārei</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rutherford" title="Tom Rutherford">Tom Rutherford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Plenty</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Simmonds" title="Penny Simmonds">Penny Simmonds</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Invercargill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)">Invercargill</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Simpson_(politician)" title="Scott Simpson (politician)">Scott Simpson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Coromandel_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Coromandel (New Zealand electorate)">Coromandel</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Smith_(politician)" title="Stuart Smith (politician)">Stuart Smith</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaikōura (New Zealand electorate)">Kaikōura</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Stanford" title="Erica Stanford">Erica Stanford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Bays_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate)">East Coast Bays</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Uffindell" title="Sam Uffindell">Sam Uffindell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tauranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)">Tauranga</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Upston" title="Louise Upston">Louise Upston</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taupō (New Zealand electorate)">Taupō</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_van_de_Molen" title="Tim van de Molen">Tim van de Molen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Waikato_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waikato (New Zealand electorate)">Waikato</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Watts" title="Simon Watts">Simon Watts</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="North Shore (New Zealand electorate)">North Shore</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Wedd" title="Catherine Wedd">Catherine Wedd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Tukituki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tukituki (New Zealand electorate)">Tukituki</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Weenink" title="Vanessa Weenink">Vanessa Weenink</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Banks Peninsula (New Zealand electorate)">Banks Peninsula</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">National governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First National Government of New Zealand">First</a> (1949–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second National Government of New Zealand">Second</a> (1960–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">Third</a> (1975–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth National Government of New Zealand">Fourth</a> (1990–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth National Government of New Zealand">Fifth</a> (2008–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">Sixth</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Keith_Holyoake" title="Shadow Cabinet of Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jack_Marshall" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Robert_Muldoon" title="First Shadow Cabinet of Robert Muldoon">Muldoon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Robert_Muldoon" title="Second Shadow Cabinet of Robert Muldoon">Muldoon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jim_McLay" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jim McLay">McLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jim_Bolger" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jenny_Shipley" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_English" title="First Shadow Cabinet of Bill English">English I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Don_Brash" title="Shadow Cabinet of Don Brash">Brash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_John_Key" title="Shadow Cabinet of John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_English" title="Second Shadow Cabinet of Bill English">English II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Simon_Bridges" title="Shadow Cabinet of Simon Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Todd_Muller" title="Shadow Cabinet of Todd Muller">Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Judith_Collins" title="Shadow Cabinet of Judith Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Christopher_Luxon" title="Shadow Cabinet of Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1936 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1940 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1972 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1984 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1986 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1997 New Zealand National Party leadership election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2001 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2003 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="May 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2020_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="July 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="2021 New Zealand National Party leadership election">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00529F; color:white;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Party (New Zealand)">United Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teal_Deal" title="Teal Deal">Teal Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United%E2%80%93Reform_Coalition" title="United–Reform Coalition">United–Reform Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Nationals" title="New Zealand Young Nationals">Young Nats</a> (youth wing)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Democracy_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Democracy_Union" title="Template:International Democracy Union"><abbr title="View 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href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific Democrat Union">Asia Pacific Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Democrat_Union" title="Caribbean Democrat Union">Caribbean Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Union_of_Africa" title="Democrat Union of Africa">Democrat Union of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democrat_Union" title="European Democrat Union">European Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Democrat_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Women's Democrat Union">International Women's Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Young_Democrat_Union" title="International Young Democrat Union">International Young Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Latin_American_Parties" title="Union of Latin American Parties">Union of Latin American Parties</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Member_parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Member parties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:3.0em;white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla"><img alt="Anguilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palmavon_Webster" title="Palmavon Webster">Palmavon Webster</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Independence_Party" title="Azerbaijan National Independence Party">National Independence Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Belize)" title="United Democratic Party (Belize)">United Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrat_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democrat Movement">Social Democrat Movement</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Action" title="Party of Democratic Action">Party of Democratic Action</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Brazil)" title="Democrats (Brazil)">Democrats</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">Union of Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Union" title="Independent Democratic Union">Independent Democratic Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_(Chile)" title="National Renewal (Chile)">National Renewal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Democratic Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Rally" title="Democratic Rally">Democratic Rally</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Civic_Democratic_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)">Civic Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominica_Freedom_Party" title="Dominica Freedom Party">Dominica Freedom Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Force" title="National Progressive Force">National Progressive Force</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:3.0em;white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Christian_Party_(Ecuador)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Christian Party (Ecuador)">Social Christian Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Republican_Alliance" title="Nationalist Republican Alliance">Nationalist Republican Alliance</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Isamaa" title="Isamaa">Isamaa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Party" title="National Coalition Party">National Coalition Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement" title="United National Movement">United National Movement</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union in Bavaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Patriotic_Party" title="New Patriotic Party">New Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_National_Party_(Grenada)" title="New National Party (Grenada)">New National Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Guatemala)" title="Unionist Party (Guatemala)">Unionist Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Honduras" title="National Party of Honduras">National Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Iceland)" title="Independence Party (Iceland)">Independence Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Labour_Party" title="Jamaica Labour Party">Jamaica Labour Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Democratic_Party" title="Maldivian Democratic Party">Maldivian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Moldova" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Mongolia)" title="Democratic Party (Mongolia)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Party</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:3.0em;white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Conservative Party (Nicaragua)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/VMRO-DPMNE" title="VMRO-DPMNE">VMRO–DPMNE</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_People%27s_Party_(Peru)" title="Christian People's Party (Peru)">Christian People's Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Social_Centre_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party">CDS–PP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Action_Movement" title="People's Action Movement">People's Action Movement</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Workers_Party_(Saint_Lucia)" title="United Workers Party (Saint Lucia)">United Workers Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines)" title="New Democratic Party (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)">New Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of Serbia">Democratic Party of Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Democratic_Party" title="Slovenian Democratic Party">Slovenian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_National_Party" title="United National Party">United National Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands"><img alt="Turks and Caicos Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Movement_(Turks_and_Caicos_Islands)" title="People's Democratic Movement (Turks and Caicos Islands)">People's Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party" title="Moderate Party">Moderate Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Project_Venezuela" title="Project Venezuela">Project Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204716#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204716#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204716#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151802132">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91033765">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/4802">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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