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.tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style> <table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> Esta página <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a 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foi marcada para revisão devido a incoerências ou dados de confiabilidade duvidosa.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Se tem algum conhecimento sobre o tema, por favor, verifique e <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSolu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%26action%3Dedit">melhore</a></span> a coerência e o rigor deste artigo.<br><small>Considere colocar uma explicação mais detalhada na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discussão:Solução">discussão</a>.</small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Junho de 2011</span>)</i></small> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Resolução">Resolução</a>. </div> <p>Em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Química">química</a>, <b>solução</b> é a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dispers%C3%A3o_(qu%C3%ADmica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dispersão (química)">dispersão</a> cujo tamanho das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molécula">moléculas</a> dispersas é menor que 1 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nan%C3%B4metro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanômetro">nanômetro</a> (10 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angstrom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angstrom">angstrons</a> ou 10<sup>−7</sup> centímetros). A solução ainda pode ser caracterizada por formar um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_homog%C3%AAneo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema homogêneo">sistema homogêneo</a> (a olho nu e ao microscópio), por ser impossível separar o disperso do dispersante por processos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADsica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Física">físicos</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Potassium-permanganate-solution_cropped.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Potassium-permanganate-solution_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="255"></a> <figcaption> Uma solução aquosa de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Permanganato_de_pot%C3%A1ssio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Permanganato de potássio">permanganato de potássio</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>As soluções são compostas por moléculas ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Don?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Íon">íons</a> comuns. Podem ser <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%B3lida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sólida">sólidas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADquido?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líquido">líquidas</a> ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gás">gasosas</a> . Quando uma solução é muito rica em um componente, este componente é geralmente chamado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solvente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solvente">solventes</a> enquanto os outros são chamados de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soluto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soluto">solutos</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto isso não pode ser usado como se fosse uma regra, pois se imaginarmos, por exemplo, uma solução composta por 50 ml de água e 50 ml de álcool veremos que ambos (soluto e solvente) estão na mesma proporção.</p> <p>A solução também pode apresentar-se em qualquer combinação envolvendo os três <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_da_mat%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados da matéria">estados da matéria</a>. É importante destacar que soluções gasosas não são formadas apenas por solvente e soluto gasosos.</p> <p>As soluções podem apresentar diversas aplicações no nosso cotidiano como por exemplo: água mineral, o ar, o álcool hidratado, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acetona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acetona">acetona</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soro_fisiol%C3%B3gico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soro fisiológico">soro fisiológico</a> entre outros. As soluções podem ter aplicações importantes nas áreas da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Farm%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Farmácia">farmácia</a>, da biologia e da química por exemplo.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_solu%C3%A7%C3%B5es"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Classificação das soluções</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_concentrada"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Solução concentrada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dilu%C3%ADda_ou_insaturada_(n%C3%A3o_saturada)"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Solução diluída ou insaturada (não saturada)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_saturada"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Solução saturada</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_supersaturada"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Solução supersaturada</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solubilidade_nos_gases"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Solubilidade nos gases</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solubilidade_na_farmacot%C3%A9cnica"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Solubilidade na farmacotécnica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#T%C3%A9cnicas_especiais_de_solubiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_f%C3%A1rmacos"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Técnicas especiais de solubilização de fármacos</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#pH"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">pH</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Escolha_do_tamp%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Escolha do tampão</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cossolvente"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cossolvente</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solubiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Solubilização</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Complexa%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Complexação</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Modificação química</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Express%C3%B5es_de_concentra%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Expressões de concentração</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_s%C3%B3lida"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Solução sólida</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%B5es_s%C3%B3lidas_substitucionais"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Soluções sólidas substitucionais</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Solu%C3%A7%C3%B5es_s%C3%B3lidas_intersticiais"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Soluções sólidas intersticiais</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Outros_poss%C3%ADveis_significados_de_solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Outros possíveis significados de solução</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ver_tamb%C3%A9m"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Ver também</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Referências</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Classificação_das_soluções"><span id="Classifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o_das_solu.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Classificação das soluções</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Classificação das soluções" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul> <li>Quanto ao estado físico: sólidas, líquidas ou gasosas.</li> <li>Quanto à condutividade elétrica: eletrolíticas ou não eletrolíticas.</li> <li>Quanto à proporção soluto/solvente: diluída (não-saturada), concentrada, saturada e supersaturada.</li> </ul> <p><b>Coeficiente de solubilidade</b> é definido como a máxima quantidade de soluto que é possível dissolver de uma quantidade fixa de solvente, a determinadas temperatura e pressão.</p> <p>A <b>saturação</b> é uma propriedade das soluções que indica a capacidade das mesmas em suportar quantidades crescentes de solutos, mantendo-se homogêneas. Uma solução é dita insaturada se ainda tem capacidade de diluir soluto, sem precipitar excessos. A solução saturada é aquela em que o soluto chegou à quantidade máxima: qualquer adição de soluto vai ser precipitada, não-dissolvida.<sup id="cite_ref-saturada_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-saturada-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Porém, em alguns casos especiais é possível manter uma solução com quantidade de soluto acima daquela que pode ser dissolvida em condições normais. Nesse caso fala-se em solução supersaturada, que é instável: com alterações físicas mínimas a quantidade extra de soluto pode ser precipitada.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Solução_concentrada"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_concentrada"></span>Solução concentrada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solução concentrada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Quando o soluto se encontra na quantidade máxima que o solvente pode dissolver.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Solução_diluída_ou_insaturada_(não_saturada)"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_dilu.C3.ADda_ou_insaturada_.28n.C3.A3o_saturada.29"></span>Solução diluída ou insaturada (não saturada)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solução diluída ou insaturada (não saturada)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Quando a quantidade de soluto usado não atinge o limite de solubilidade, ou seja, a quantidade adicionada é inferior ao coeficiente de solubilidade.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Solução_saturada"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_saturada"></span>Solução saturada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solução saturada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Quando o solvente (ou dispersante) já dissolveu toda a quantidade possível de soluto (ou disperso), e toda a quantidade agora adicionada não será dissolvida e ficará no fundo do recipiente.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Solução_supersaturada"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_supersaturada"></span>Solução supersaturada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solução supersaturada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Acontece quando o solvente e soluto estão em uma temperatura em que seu coeficiente de solubilidade (solvente) é maior, e depois a solução é resfriada ou aquecida, de modo a reduzir o coeficiente de solubilidade. Quando isso é feito de modo cuidadoso, o soluto permanece dissolvido, mas a solução se torna extremamente instável. Qualquer vibração faz precipitar a quantidade de soluto em excesso dissolvida.</p> <p>Denomina-se dissolução endotérmica aquela em que quanto maior a temperatura, maior o coeficiente de solubilidade do solvente (temperatura e solubilidade são diretamente proporcionais). Também há a dissolução exotérmica, que é o inverso da endotérmica, quanto menor a temperatura, maior o coeficiente de solubilidade do solvente (temperatura e solubilidade são inversamente proporcionais).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Solubilidade_nos_gases">Solubilidade nos gases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solubilidade nos gases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Os gases apresentam propriedades particulares para a solubilidade. Quando aumenta-se a pressão, a solubilidade aumenta (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lei_de_Henry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lei de Henry">Lei de Henry</a>). O mesmo não acontece quanto à temperatura. Quando aumenta-se a temperatura, diminui a solubilidade. Assim, a solubilidade é diretamente proporcional à pressão e inversamente proporcional à temperatura. Vale lembrar que essas leis são válidas para qualquer gás, mas não para substâncias em outros estados físicos, como foi mostrado acima.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Solubilidade_na_farmacotécnica"><span id="Solubilidade_na_farmacot.C3.A9cnica"></span>Solubilidade na farmacotécnica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solubilidade na farmacotécnica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <caption> Solubilidade na farmacotécnica (em partes de soluto para partes de solvente) </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Descrição</th> <th>Solvente</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Muito solúvel</td> <td>menos de uma parte</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Facilmente solúvel</td> <td>1 a 10 partes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Solúvel</td> <td>10 a 30 partes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pouco solúvel</td> <td>30 a 100 partes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Levemente solúvel</td> <td>100 a 1 000 partes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Muito pouco solúvel</td> <td>1 000 a 10 000 partes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Insolúvel</td> <td>+ de 10 000</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Técnicas_especiais_de_solubilização_de_fármacos"><span id="T.C3.A9cnicas_especiais_de_solubiliza.C3.A7.C3.A3o_de_f.C3.A1rmacos"></span>Técnicas especiais de solubilização de fármacos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Técnicas especiais de solubilização de fármacos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="pH">pH</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: pH" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Grande número de fármacos usados atualmente são ácidos ou bases fracas e as dificuldades para sua solubilização podem ser influenciadas pelo pH do meio. Essas equações baseadas na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lei_de_a%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_massas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lei de ação das massas">lei de ação das massas</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADsico-qu%C3%ADmica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Físico-química">físico-química</a>, podem prever a dissolução de ácidos ou bases, em função do pH, com uma precisão alta.</p> <p>Ao solucionar o pH, no entanto outros fatores devem ser considerados. O pH ideal da solução não deve ser mais importante que os requisitos de estabilidade e compatibilidade fisiológicos da formulação.</p> <p>Quando houver necessidade de ajuste do pH, usar um alcalinizante ou acidificante, ou seja, fazer o tamponamento do sistema.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Escolha_do_tampão"><span id="Escolha_do_tamp.C3.A3o"></span>Escolha do tampão</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Escolha do tampão" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A escolha do tampão adequado deve estar de acordo com os seguintes critérios:</p> <ul> <li>deve ter a capacidade desejada na faixa de pH adequados.</li> <li>deve ser atóxico.</li> <li>não deve interferir na estabilidade do produto.</li> <li>deve permitir sabor e coloração aceitáveis.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cossolvente">Cossolvente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cossolvente" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Os eletrólitos fracos e as moléculas pouco polares apresentam, normalmente, pouca solubilidade em água. Essa pode ser aumentada pela adição de outro solvente que seja solúvel em água (etanol, sorbitol, propilenoglicol, PEG etc.).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Solubilização"><span id="Solubiliza.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Solubilização</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solubilização" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>É a passagem de moléculas de um soluto, espontaneamente para uma solução contendo um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tensioativo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tensioativo">tensoativo</a>, detergente. O mecanismo resultante tem a ver com a possibilidade das moléculas do soluto serem solubilizadas ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adsor%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adsorção">adsorvidas</a> em estruturas denominadas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Micela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Micela">micelas</a>, formadas após a adição gradativa e continuada do tensoativo no sistema.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Complexação"><span id="Complexa.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Complexação</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Complexação" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Compostos orgânicos em solução tendem a se unir formando complexos de maneira natural. A dissolução de determinado soluto pode ser adequadamente aumentada pela adição de um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quelato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quelato">agente complexante</a>. Com isto o soluto pode ser completamente dissolvido. No entanto deve ser analisado se o complexo resultante não irá afetar a eficácia e a segurança terapêutica.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Modificação_química"><span id="Modifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o_qu.C3.ADmica"></span>Modificação química</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Modificação química" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Muitas formulações pouco solúveis em água podem ser modificadas quimicamente. Um exemplo é a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Betametasona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Betametasona">betametasona</a>, um corticosteróide, modificado quimicamente.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Betametasona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Betametasona">Betametasona</a> - solubilidade 5,8 mg/100 mL a 25 °C</li> <li>Éster-21 de Betametasona fosfato dissódico - solubilidade de 10 g/100 mL a 25 °C</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Expressões_de_concentração"><span id="Express.C3.B5es_de_concentra.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Expressões de concentração</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Expressões de concentração" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>A quantidade de soluto dissolvida em uma quantidade de solvente nos dá um valor que chamamos de concentração da solução. A concentração de uma solução é tanto maior quanto mais soluto estiver dissolvido em uma mesma quantidade de solvente.</p> <p>A concentração das soluções pode ser expressa de diversas formas. O que se entende simplesmente por concentração é a quantidade de soluto existente em relação ao volume da solução. Matematicamente, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={\frac {m}{V}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> C </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi> m </mi> <mi> V </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle C={\frac {m}{V}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bde97d692a40eeb32127acfd914b6e385d93a80" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.741ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {m}{V}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7.741ex;height: 4.843ex;vertical-align: -2.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bde97d692a40eeb32127acfd914b6e385d93a80" data-alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {m}{V}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>; onde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> m </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle m} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.04ex;height: 1.676ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" data-alt="{\displaystyle m}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> é a massa de soluto e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> V </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.787ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" data-alt="{\displaystyle V}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> o volume da solução.</p> <p>A unidade usual para concentração é <b>gramas por litro</b> (g/L).</p> <p>Há outros tipos de cálculo para a concentração em soluções, uma muito difundida refere-se à massa molar do soluto dissolvida num dado volume de solução: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle CM={\frac {n}{V}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> C </mi> <mi> M </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi> n </mi> <mi> V </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle CM={\frac {n}{V}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab7a9c87d43d7eb64ddf75ff9c1fa45130cc6826" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.93ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle CM={\frac {n}{V}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9.93ex;height: 4.843ex;vertical-align: -2.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab7a9c87d43d7eb64ddf75ff9c1fa45130cc6826" data-alt="{\displaystyle CM={\frac {n}{V}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>, onde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> n </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi> m </mi> <mi> M </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a24b521a5398f08280966f24dcead66c0b93a625" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.772ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 7.772ex;height: 4.676ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a24b521a5398f08280966f24dcead66c0b93a625" data-alt="{\displaystyle n={\frac {m}{M}}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span></p> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle CM}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> C </mi> <mi> M </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle CM} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7b577af7b948f949d920682efd58b9feccc0040f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.209ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle CM}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 4.209ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7b577af7b948f949d920682efd58b9feccc0040f" data-alt="{\displaystyle CM}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> = concentração molar [mol/l]</p> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> n </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle n} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.395ex;height: 1.676ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" data-alt="{\displaystyle n}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> = número de mols de soluto [mol]</p> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> V </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.787ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845" data-alt="{\displaystyle V}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> = volume da solução [litro]</p> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> M </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle M} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.442ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd" data-alt="{\displaystyle M}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> = massa molar do soluto [g/mol]</p> <p>Quando duas soluções têm a mesma concentração, elas são chamadas isotônicas ou isosmóticas (iso = igual).</p> <p>Quando a concentração é diferente, a mais concentrada é chamada hipertônica ou hiperosmótica (hiper = superior) e a menos concentrada é chamada hipotônica ou hiposmótica (hipo = inferior).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Solução_sólida"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_s.C3.B3lida"></span>Solução sólida</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Solução sólida" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Uma <b>solução sólida</b> é uma solução em que os átomos do ácido são utilizados para sufocar o efeito metálico do material em questão, o qual pode ser Bromo, Iodo ou Ferro apenas e o resultado dessa mistura deve ser um cátion isoeletrônico ao elemento com maior número de elétrons na camada de valência mais próximo da tabela periódica.As soluções podem ser substitucionais ou intersticiais.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Soluções_sólidas_substitucionais"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.B5es_s.C3.B3lidas_substitucionais"></span>Soluções sólidas substitucionais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Soluções sólidas substitucionais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ocorrem quando o soluto (átomo em menor concentração) substitui o solvente (átomo em maior concentração). Exemplos de soluções sólidas substitucionais são as ligas de bronze (cobre/estanho) e latão (cobre/zinco). No latão, o cobre com raio atômico de 0,1278 nanômetros é substituído pelo átomo de zinco com 0,139 nanômetros. Nesta liga, o zinco pode substituir até 40% do cobre, mantendo a estrutura CFC (Cúbica de Face Centrada).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Soluções_sólidas_intersticiais"><span id="Solu.C3.A7.C3.B5es_s.C3.B3lidas_intersticiais"></span>Soluções sólidas intersticiais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Soluções sólidas intersticiais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ocorrem quando um átomo muito pequeno é inserido na estrutura cristalina.Exemplos mais utilizados é a liga de aço, onde adiciona-se carbono do ferro para gerar um aumento na resistência mecânica.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Outros_possíveis_significados_de_solução"><span id="Outros_poss.C3.ADveis_significados_de_solu.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Outros possíveis significados de solução</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Outros possíveis significados de solução" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li>Mistura de um soluto com um solvente.</li> <li>Uma fase líquida, gasosa ou sólida contendo dois ou mais componentes dispersos uniformemente na fase.</li> <li>Mistura homogênea de duas ou mais substâncias.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mistura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mistura">Mistura</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propriedades_coligativas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propriedades coligativas">Propriedades coligativas</a></li> </ul> </section> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso." class="section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Russel, John B. (1994). <i>Química geral</i>. São Paulo: Pearson. 555 páginas</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft.aulast=Russel&rft.btitle=Qu%C3mica+geral&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.pub=Pearson&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-saturada-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-saturada_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Constantino, Mauricio Gomes; Silva, Gil Valdo José da; Donate, Paulo Marcos (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3D8L4RaCKKSAIC%26lpg%3DPA108%26dq%3D%2522solu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2520saturada%2522%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26pg%3DPA108%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522solu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2520saturada%2522%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Fundamentos de quimica experimental</i></a>. [S.l.]: EdUSP. 108 páginas. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/85-314-0757-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/85-314-0757-5">85-314-0757-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.au=Constantino%2C+Mauricio+Gomes%3B+Silva%2C+Gil+Valdo+Jos%C3%A9+da%3B+Donate%2C+Paulo+Marcos&rft.btitle=Fundamentos+de+quimica+experimental&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=85-314-0757-5&rft.pub=EdUSP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8L4RaCKKSAIC%26lpg%3DPA108%26dq%3D%2522solu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2520saturada%2522%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26pg%3DPA108%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522solu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2520saturada%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <ul> <li>2.Callister, William D. Jr. (2006). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 7th edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0471736961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-73696-1</a>.</li> </ul> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal da ciência"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Ci%C3%AAncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Ciência">Portal da ciência</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Sciences_exactes.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal da química"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/25px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/25px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/38px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/50px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Qu%C3%ADmica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Química">Portal da química</a></span></span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%26oldid%3D68761175">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solução&oldid=68761175</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="ChEMister21" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1728133438"> <span>Última edição a 5 de outubro de 2024, às 13h03min</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Línguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplossing_(chemie)" title="Oplossing (chemie) — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oplossing (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="محلول — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%25C3%25B3n" title="Disolución — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solusyon_(kimika)" title="Solusyon (kimika) — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Solusyon (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D1%2587%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Рашчына — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рашчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Разтвор — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разтвор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25A3" title="দ্রবণ — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্রবণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastvor" title="Rastvor — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rastvor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluci%25C3%25B3_qu%25C3%25ADmica" title="Solució química — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solució química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%2595" title="گیراوە — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیراوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztok" title="Roztok — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roztok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2580%25C4%2595%25D0%25BB%25D1%2587%25C4%2595%25D0%25BA" title="Ирĕлчĕк — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирĕлчĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opl%25C3%25B8sning_(kemi)" title="Opløsning (kemi) — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opløsning (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B6sung_(Chemie)" title="Lösung (Chemie) — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lösung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2594%25CE%25B9%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BB%25CF%2585%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1" title="Διάλυμα — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάλυμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry) — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solution (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solva%25C4%25B5o" title="Solvaĵo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solvaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%25C3%25B3n" title="Disolución — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluzio" title="Disoluzio — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Disoluzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="محلول — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuos" title="Liuos — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liuos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chimie)" title="Solution (chimie) — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solution (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuaslag%25C3%25A1n" title="Tuaslagán — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tuaslagán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%25C3%25B3n" title="Disolución — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2594" title="תמיסה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="विलयन — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलयन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otopine" title="Otopine — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otopine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solisyon" title="Solisyon — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solisyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldat" title="Oldat — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oldat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BC%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25AE%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Լուծույթներ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուծույթներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Larutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausn" title="Lausn — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lausn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica) — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soluzione (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ხსნარები — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხსნარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerway" title="Amerway — kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amerway" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2596" title="Ерітінді — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ерітінді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259A%25A9%25EC%2595%25A1" title="용액 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="용액" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutio_(chemia)" title="Solutio (chemia) — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solutio (chemia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzion" title="Soluzion — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Soluzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirpalas" title="Tirpalas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tirpalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%25A0%25C4%25B7%25C4%25ABdums" title="Šķīdums — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šķīdums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="ലായനി — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലായനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Уусмал — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уусмал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25A3" title="द्रावण — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्रावण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Larutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2" title="घोल — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplossing_(scheikunde)" title="Oplossing (scheikunde) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oplossing (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B8sning_(kjemi)" title="Løsning (kjemi) — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løsning (kjemi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solucion_(quimia)" title="Solucion (quimia) — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solucion (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbula" title="Bulbula — oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bulbula" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2598%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B2" title="ਘੋਲ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztw%25C3%25B3r" title="Roztwór — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roztwór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chullusqa" title="Chullusqa — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chullusqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%25C8%259Bie_(chimie)" title="Soluție (chimie) — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Soluție (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otopina" title="Otopina — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Otopina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solution (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztok" title="Roztok — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roztok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raztopina" title="Raztopina — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Raztopina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munyungu" title="Munyungu — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Munyungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millan" title="Millan — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Millan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tret%25C3%25ABsirat" title="Tretësirat — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tretësirat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B6sning_(kemi)" title="Lösning (kemi) — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lösning (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmumunyo" title="Mmumunyo — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mmumunyo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கரைசல் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரைசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="สารละลาย — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารละลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587%25C3%25B6zelti" title="Çözelti — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çözelti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Розчин — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розчин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="محلول — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritma" title="Eritma — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eritma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%25C5%2582usion" title="Sołusion — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sołusion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_d%25E1%25BB%258Bch" title="Dung dịch — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dung dịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solusyon" title="Solusyon — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Solusyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-solution" title="I-solution — xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-solution" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%25C3%25B4ng-e%25CC%258Dk" title="Iông-e̍k — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iông-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 — cantonês" lang="yue" 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