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reaction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: complex reaction"> <meta name="keywords" content="complex reaction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="complex reaction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7477</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: complex reaction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7477</span> Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Dimethylglyoxime Chromium (III) Complex by Periodate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abdel-Khalek">Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20A.%20Mohamed"> Reham A. Mohamed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The kinetics of oxidation of binary complex [CrIII(DMG)2(H2O)4 ]+ to Cr(VI) by periodate has been investigated spectrophotometrically where, [DMG= Dimethylglyoxime] at 370nm under pseudo first order reaction conditions in aqueous medium over 20- 40ºC range, PH 2-3, and I=0.07 mol dm-3. The reaction is first order with respect to both [IO4-] and Cr(III), and the reaction increased with PH increased. Thermodymanic activation parameters have been calculated. It is suggested that electron transfer proceeds through an inner sphere mechanism via coordination of IO4- to Cr (III). The reaction obeys the following rate law Rate= {k1 K5+ k2 K6 K2 } [Cr III (DMG)2(H2O)4 ]+ [H5IO6]. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title="chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimethylglyoxime" title=" dimethylglyoxime"> dimethylglyoxime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodate" title=" periodate"> periodate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30916/kinetics-and-mechanism-of-oxidation-of-dimethylglyoxime-chromium-iii-complex-by-periodate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7476</span> Investigating Water-Oxidation Using a Ru(III) Carboxamide Water Coordinated Complex </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosra%20M.%20Badiei">Yosra M. Badiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyn%20Ortiz"> Evelyn Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marisa%20Portenti"> Marisa Portenti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Szalda"> David Szalda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water-oxidation half-reaction is a critical reaction that can be driven by a sustainable energy source (e.g., solar or wind) and be coupled with a chemical fuel making reaction which stores the released electrons and protons from water (e.g., H₂ or methanol). The use of molecular water-oxidation catalysts (WOC) allow the rationale design of redox active metal centers and provides a better understanding of their structure-activity-relationship. Herein, the structure of a Ru(III) complex bearing a doubly deprotonated N,N'-bis(aryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide ligand which contains a water molecule in its primary coordination sphere was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further spectroscopic experimental data and pH-dependent electrochemical studies reveal its water-oxidation reactivity. Emphasis on mechanistic details for O₂ formation of this complex will be addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-oxidation" title="water-oxidation">water-oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruthenium" title=" ruthenium"> ruthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20photosynthesis" title=" artificial photosynthesis"> artificial photosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108812/investigating-water-oxidation-using-a-ruiii-carboxamide-water-coordinated-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7475</span> Finding the Reaction Constant between Humic Acid and Aluminum Ion by Fluorescence Quenching Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Po%20Cheng">Wen Po Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Zhao%20Feng"> Chen Zhao Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruey%20Fang%20Yu"> Ruey Fang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Jia%20Jun"> Lin Jia Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Ji%20%20Ye"> Lin Ji Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Yuan%20Wei"> Chen Yuan Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Humic acid was used as the removal target for evaluating the coagulation efficiency in this study. When the coagulant ions mix with a humic acid solution, a Fluorescence quenching effect may be observed conditionally. This effect can be described by Stern-Volmer linear equation which can be used for quantifying the quenching value (Kq) of the Fluorescence quenching effect. In addition, a Complex-Formation Titration (CFT) theory was conducted and the result was used to explain the electron-neutralization capability of the coagulant (AlCl₃) at different pH. The results indicated that when pH of the ACl₃ solution was between 6 and 8, fluorescence quenching effect obviously occurred. The maximum Kq value was found to be 102,524 at pH 6. It means that the higher the Kq value is, the better complex reaction between a humic acid and aluminum salts will be. Through the Kq value study, the optimum pH can be quantified when the humic acid solution is coagulated with aluminum ions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humic%20acid" title="humic acid">humic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence%20quenching%20effect" title=" fluorescence quenching effect"> fluorescence quenching effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20reaction" title=" complex reaction"> complex reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titration" title=" titration"> titration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92882/finding-the-reaction-constant-between-humic-acid-and-aluminum-ion-by-fluorescence-quenching-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7474</span> Theoretical Study of Acetylation of P-Methylaniline Catalyzed by Cu²⁺ Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvana%20Caglieri">Silvana Caglieri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Theoretical study of acetylation of p-methylaniline catalyzed by Cu2+ ions from the analysis of intermediate of the reaction was carried out. The study of acetylation of amines is of great interest by the utility of its products of reaction and is one of the most frequently used transformations in organic synthesis as it provides an efficient and inexpensive means for protecting amino groups in a multistep synthetic process. Acetylation of amine is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. This reaction can be catalyzed by Lewis acid, metallic ion. In reaction mechanism, the metallic ion formed a complex with the oxygen of the acetic anhydride carbonyl, facilitating the polarization of the same and the successive addition of amine at the position to form a tetrahedral intermediate, determining step of the rate of the reaction. Experimental work agreed that this reaction takes place with the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. In the present theoretical work were investigated the structure and energy of the tetrahedral intermediate of the reaction catalyzed by Cu2+ ions. Geometries of all species involved in the acetylation were made and identified. All of the geometry optimizations were performed by the method at the DFT/B3LYP level of theory and the method MP2. Were adopted the 6-31+G* basis sets. Energies were calculated using the Mechanics-UFF method. Following the same procedure it was identified the geometric parameters and energy of reaction intermediate. The calculations show 61.35 kcal/mol of energy for the tetrahedral intermediate and the energy of activation for the reaction was 15.55 kcal/mol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amides" title="amides">amides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amines" title=" amines"> amines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MP2" title=" MP2"> MP2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56510/theoretical-study-of-acetylation-of-p-methylaniline-catalyzed-by-cu2-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7473</span> Scenario Based Reaction Time Analysis for Seafarers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umut%20Tac">Umut Tac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leyla%20Tavacioglu"> Leyla Tavacioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelin%20Bolat"> Pelin Bolat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human factor has been one of the elements that cause vulnerabilities which can be resulted with accidents in maritime transportation. When the roots of human factor based accidents are analyzed, gaps in performing cognitive abilities (reaction time, attention, memory…) are faced as the main reasons for the vulnerabilities in complex environment of maritime systems. Thus cognitive processes in maritime systems have arisen important subject that should be investigated comprehensively. At this point, neurocognitive tests such as reaction time analysis tests have been used as coherent tools that enable us to make valid assessments for cognitive status. In this respect, the aim of this study is to evaluate the reaction time (response time or latency) of seafarers due to their occupational experience and age. For this study, reaction time for different maneuverers has been taken while the participants were performing a sea voyage through a simulator which was run up with a certain scenario. After collecting the data for reaction time, a statistical analyze has been done to understand the relation between occupational experience and cognitive abilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20abilities" title="cognitive abilities">cognitive abilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20factor" title=" human factor"> human factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurocognitive%20test%20battery" title=" neurocognitive test battery"> neurocognitive test battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57613/scenario-based-reaction-time-analysis-for-seafarers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7472</span> Electrochemical Behavior of Iron (III) Complexes with Catechol at Different pH </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Salim%20Reza">K. M. Salim Reza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hafiz%20Mia"> M. Hafiz Mia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Aziz"> M. A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Motin"> M. A. Motin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Rahman"> M. M. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hasem"> M. A. Hasem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The redox behavior of Fe (III) in presence of Catechol (Cc) has been carried out in buffer solution of different pH, scan rate, variation of Fe (III) concentration and Cc concentration. Uncoordinated Fe(III) or Cc has been found to undergo reversible electrode reaction whereas coordinated Fe-Cc is irreversible. The peak positions of the voltammogram of Fe- Cc shifted with respect to that of free Fe (III) or Cc and also developed a new peak at 0.12 V. The peak current of Fe-Cc decreases significantly compared with that of free Fe(III) or Cc in the same experimental conditions. These behaviors ascribed the formation of complex of Fe with Cc. The complex was formed either by the addition of Cc into Fe(III) or by the addition of Fe(III) into Cc. The effect of pH of Fe-Cc complex was studied by varying pH from 2 to 8.5. The electro chemical oxidation of Fe-Cc is facilitated in lower pH media. The slope of the plots of anodic peak current, Ep against pH of Fe-Cc complexe is 30 mV, indicates that the oxidation of Fe-Cc complexes proceeded via the 2e−/2H+ processes. The proportionality of the anodic and cathodic peak currents with square root of scan rate of suggests that the peak current of the different complexes at each redox reaction is controlled by diffusion process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry" title="cyclic voltammetry">cyclic voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-Cc%20Complex" title=" Fe-Cc Complex"> Fe-Cc Complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20effect" title=" pH effect"> pH effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=redox%20interaction" title=" redox interaction"> redox interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19175/electrochemical-behavior-of-iron-iii-complexes-with-catechol-at-different-ph" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7471</span> CFD Analysis of Flow Regimes of Non-Newtonian Liquids in Chemical Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nenashev%20Yaroslav">Nenashev Yaroslav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russkin%20Oleg"> Russkin Oleg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mixing process is one of the most important and critical stages in many industrial sectors, such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry. When designing equipment with mixing impellers, technology developers often encounter working environments with complex physical properties and rheology. In such cases, the use of computational fluid dynamics tools is an excellent solution to mitigate risks and ensure the stable operation of the equipment. The research focuses on one of the designed reactors with mixing impellers intended for polymer synthesis. The study describes an approach to modeling reactors of similar configurations, taking into account the complex properties of the mixed liquids using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. To achieve this goal, a complex 3D model was created, accurately replicating the functionality of chemical equipment. The model allows for the assessment of the hydrodynamic behavior of the reaction mixture inside the reactor, consideration of heat release due to the reaction, and the heat exchange between the reaction mixture and the cooling medium. The results indicate that the choice of the type and size of the mixing device significantly affects the efficiency of the mixing process inside the chemical reactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending" title=" blending"> blending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20reactor" title=" chemical reactor"> chemical reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newton%20liquids" title=" non-Newton liquids"> non-Newton liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188404/cfd-analysis-of-flow-regimes-of-non-newtonian-liquids-in-chemical-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7470</span> Multimetallic and Multiferocenyl Assemblies of Ferocenyl-Based Dithiophospohonate and Their Electrochemical Properties </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Tomilla%20Ajayi">J. Tomilla Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Werner%20E.%20Van%20Zyl"> Werner E. Van Zyl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents an overview of the reaction of 2, 4-diferrocenyl-1, 3-dithiadiphosphetane-2, 4-disulfide (Ferrocenyl Lawesson’s reagent) with water to produce the non-symmetric, ferocenyl dithiophosphonic acid respectively in high yields. These acids were readily deprotonated by anhydrous Ammonia to yield the corresponding ammonium salt NH4S2PFcOH. These were complex to Ni (II) in molar ratio 1:1 and 1:2. The resulting complex from the reaction formed same compound with different isomers (Cis and Trans) and also compound with multimetallic coordination. Quality X-ray crystals were formed from THF/Ether. The compounds were characterized by 1H, 31P NMR, and FTIR. Bulk purity were confirmed by either ESI-MS or elemental analysis and The XRD images were obtained using single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. The electrochemical investigation of the Compounds were carried out using cyclic voltammetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrocenyl" title="ferrocenyl">ferrocenyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dithiophosphonate" title=" dithiophosphonate"> dithiophosphonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isomer" title=" isomer"> isomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination" title=" coordination "> coordination </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43568/multimetallic-and-multiferocenyl-assemblies-of-ferocenyl-based-dithiophospohonate-and-their-electrochemical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7469</span> Kinetic Study of 1-Butene Isomerization over Hydrotalcite Catalyst </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirada%20Sripinun">Sirada Sripinun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work studied the isomerization of 1-butene over hydrotalcite catalyst. The experiments were conducted at various gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), reaction temperature, and feed concentration. No catalyst deactivation was observed over the reaction time of 16 hours. Two major reaction products were trans-2-butene and cis-2-butene. The reaction temperature played an important role on the reaction selectivity. At high operating temperatures, the selectivity of trans-2-butene was higher than the selectivity of cis-2-butene while it was opposite at a lower reaction temperature. In the range of operating conditions, the maximum conversion of 1-butene was found at 74% when T = 673 K and GHSV = 4 m3/h/kg-cat with trans- and cis-2-butene selectivities of 54% and 46% respectively. Finally, the kinetic parameters of the reaction were determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrotalcite" title="hydrotalcite">hydrotalcite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isomerization" title=" isomerization"> isomerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-butene" title=" 1-butene"> 1-butene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25496/kinetic-study-of-1-butene-isomerization-over-hydrotalcite-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7468</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc (II) Complex and Its Catalytic Activity on C(SP3)-H Oxidation Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7">Yalçın Kılıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0brahim%20Kani"> İbrahim Kani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conversion of hydrocarbons to carbonyl compounds by oxidation reaction is one of the most important reactions in the synthesis of fine chemicals. As a result of the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing aliphatic sp3-CH groups in their structures, aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids can be obtained. In this study, OSSO-type 2,2'-[1,4-butanedylbis(thio)]bis-benzoic acid (tsabutH2) ligand and [Zn(µ-tsabut)(phen)]n complex (where phen = 1,10-phenantroline) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction method. The catalytic efficiency of the complex in the catalytic oxidation studies of organic compounds such as cyclohexane, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane, and p-xylene containing sp3-C-H in its structure was investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20complex" title="metal complex">metal complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSSO-type%20ligand" title=" OSSO-type ligand"> OSSO-type ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalysis" title=" catalysis"> catalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157326/synthesis-and-characterization-of-zinc-ii-complex-and-its-catalytic-activity-on-csp3-h-oxidation-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7467</span> Formation Mechanism of Macroporous Cu/CuSe and Its Application as Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabi%20Ullah">Nabi Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The single-step solvothermal method is used to prepare Cu/CuSe as an electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR). 1,3-butane-diol is selected as a reaction medium, whose viscosity and complex formation with Cu(II) ions dictate the catalyst morphology. The catalyst has a macroporous structure, which is composed of nanoballs with a high purity, crystallinity, and uniform morphology. The electrocatalyst is excellent for MOR, as it delivers a current density of 37.28 mA/mg at a potential of 0.6 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in the electrolyte of 1 M KOH and 0.75 M methanol at a 50 mV/s scan rate under conditions of cyclic voltammetry. The catalyst also shows good stability for 3600 s with negligible charge transfer resistance and a high electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) value of 0.100 mF/cm². <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOR" title="MOR">MOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20selenide" title=" copper selenide"> copper selenide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electocatalyst" title=" electocatalyst"> electocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20application" title=" energy application"> energy application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178089/formation-mechanism-of-macroporous-cucuse-and-its-application-as-electrocatalyst-for-methanol-oxidation-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7466</span> Heterodimetallic Ferrocenyl Dithiophosphonate Complexes of Nickel(II), Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) as High Efficiency Co-Sensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomilola%20J.%20Ajayi">Tomilola J. Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Ollengo"> Moses Ollengo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20le%20Roux"> Lukas le Roux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20N.%20Pillay"> Michael N. Pillay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20J.%20Staples"> Richard J. Staples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon%20M.%20Biros%20Werner%20E.%20van%20Zyl"> Shannon M. Biros Werner E. van Zyl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The formation, characterization, and dye-sensitized solar cell application of nickel(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes were investigated. The multidentate monoanionic ligand [S₂PFc(OH)]¯ (L1) was synthesized from the reaction between ferrocenyl Lawesson’s reagent, [FcP(=S)μ-S]₂ (FcLR), (Fc = ferrocenyl) and water. Ligand L1 could potentially coordinate to metal centers through the S, S’ and O donor atoms. The reaction between metal salt precursors and L1 produced a Ni(II) complex of the type [Ni{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂] (1) (molar ratio 1:2), a tetranickel (II) complex of the type [Ni₂{S₂OP(Fc)}₂]₂ (2) (molar ratio (1:1), as well as a Zn(II) complex [Zn{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂]₂ (3), and a Cd(II) complex [Cd{S₂P(Fc)(OH)}₂]₂ (4). Complexes 1-4 were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR and FT-IR, and complexes 1 and 2 were additionally analysed by X-Ray crystallography. After co-sensitization, the DSSCs were characterized using UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photovoltaic measurements (I-V curves). Overall finding shows that co-sensitization of our compounds with ruthenium dye N719 resulted in a better overall solar conversion efficiency than only pure N719 dye under the same experimental conditions. In conclusion, we report the first examples of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with ferrocenyl dithiophosphonate complexes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dithiophosphonate" title="dithiophosphonate">dithiophosphonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20sensitized%20solar%20cell" title=" dye sensitized solar cell"> dye sensitized solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-sensitization" title=" co-sensitization"> co-sensitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20efficiency" title=" solar efficiency"> solar efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99644/heterodimetallic-ferrocenyl-dithiophosphonate-complexes-of-nickelii-zincii-and-cadmiumii-as-high-efficiency-co-sensitizers-in-dye-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7465</span> Calcium Complexing Properties of Isosaccharinate Ion in Highly Alkaline Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Csilla%20Dud%C3%A1s">Csilla Dudás</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89va%20B%C3%B6sz%C3%B6rm%C3%A9nyi"> Éva Böszörményi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bence%20Kutus"> Bence Kutus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Istv%C3%A1n%20P%C3%A1link%C3%B3"> István Pálinkó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%C3%A1l%20Sipos"> Pál Sipos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study the behavior of alpha-D-isosaccharinate (2-hydroxymethyl-3-deoxy-D-erythro-pentonate, ISA−) in alkaline medium in the presence of calcium was studied. At first the Ca–ISA system was studied by Ca-ion selective electrode (Ca-ISE) in neutral medium at T = 25 °C and I = 1 M NaCl to determine the formation constant of the CaISA+ monocomplex, which was found to be logK = 1.01 ± 0.01 for the reaction of Ca2+ + ISA– = CaISA+. In alkaline medium pH potentiometric titrations were carried out to determine the composition and stability constant of the complex(es) formed. It was found that in these systems above pH = 12.5 the predominant species is the CaISAOH complex. Its formation constant was found to be logK = 3.04 ± 0.05 for the reaction of Ca2+ + ISA– + H2O = CaISAOH + H+ at T = 25 °C and I = 1 M NaCl. Solubility measurements resulted in data consistent with those of the potentiometric titrations. Temperature dependent NMR spectra showed that the slow exchange range between the complex and the free ligand is below 5 °C. It was also showed that ISA– acts as a multidentate ligand forming macrochelate Ca-complexes. The structure of the complexes was determined by using ab initio quantum chemical calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ca-ISE%20potentiometry" title="Ca-ISE potentiometry">Ca-ISE potentiometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20complexes" title=" calcium complexes"> calcium complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isosaccharinate%20ion" title=" isosaccharinate ion"> isosaccharinate ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR%20spectroscopy" title=" NMR spectroscopy"> NMR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20potentiometry" title=" pH potentiometry"> pH potentiometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57082/calcium-complexing-properties-of-isosaccharinate-ion-in-highly-alkaline-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7464</span> Reaction Rate Behavior of a Methane-Air Mixture over a Platinum Catalyst in a Single Channel Catalytic Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doo%20Ki%20Lee">Doo Ki Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar"> Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catalytic combustion is an environmentally friendly technique to combust fuels in gas turbines. In this paper, the behavior of surface reaction rate on catalytic combustion is studied with respect to the heterogeneous oxidation of methane-air mixture in a catalytic reactor. Plug flow reactor (PFR), the simplified single catalytic channel assists in investigating the catalytic combustion phenomenon over the Pt catalyst by promoting the desired chemical reactions. The numerical simulation with multi-step elementary surface reactions is governed by the availability of free surface sites onto the catalytic surface and thereby, the catalytic combustion characteristics are demonstrated by examining the rate of the reaction for lean fuel mixture. Further, two different surface reaction mechanisms are adopted and compared for surface reaction rates to indicate the controlling heterogeneous reaction for better fuel conversion. The performance of platinum catalyst under heterogeneous reaction is analyzed under the same temperature condition, where the catalyst with the higher kinetic rate of reaction would have a maximum catalytic activity for enhanced methane catalytic combustion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20combustion" title="catalytic combustion">catalytic combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20reaction" title=" heterogeneous reaction"> heterogeneous reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plug%20flow%20reactor" title=" plug flow reactor"> plug flow reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20reaction%20rate" title=" surface reaction rate"> surface reaction rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77722/reaction-rate-behavior-of-a-methane-air-mixture-over-a-platinum-catalyst-in-a-single-channel-catalytic-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7463</span> Attempts for the Synthesis of Indol-Ring Fluorinated Tryptophan Derivatives to Enhance the Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20K.%20Kovacs">Anita K. Kovacs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Hegyes"> Peter Hegyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsolt%20Bozso"> Zsolt Bozso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabor%20Toth"> Gabor Toth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluorination has been used extensively by the pharmaceutical industry as a strategy to improve the pharmacokinetics of drugs due to its effectiveness in increasing the potency of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Multiple-fluorinated indole-ring-containing tryptophan derivatives have the potential of having better antimicrobial activity than the widely used mono-fluorinated indole-ring containing tryptophan derivatives, but they are not available commercially. Therefore, our goal is to synthesize multiple-fluorinated indole-ring containing tryptophan derivatives to incorporate them into AMPs to enhance their antimicrobial activity. During our work, we are trying several methods (classical organic synthesis, enzymic synthesis, and solid phase peptide synthesis) for the synthesis of the said compounds, with mixed results. With classical organic synthesis (four different routes), we did not get the desired results. The reaction of serin with substituted indole in the presence of acetic anhydride led to racemic tryptophane; with the reaction of protected serin with indole in the presence of nickel complex was unsuccessful; the reaction of serin containing protected dipeptide with disuccinimidyl carbonate we achieved a tryptophane containing dipeptide, its chiral purity is being examined; the reaction of alcohol with substituted indole in the presence of copper complex was successful, but it was only a test reaction, we could not reproduce the same result with serine. The undergoing tryptophan-synthase method has shown some potential, but our work has not been finished yet. The successful synthesis of the desired multiple-fluorinated indole-ring-containing tryptophan will be followed by solid phase peptide synthesis in order to incorporate it into AMPs to enhance their antimicrobial activity. The successful completion of these phases will mean the possibility of manufacturing new, effective AMPs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halogenation" title="halogenation">halogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorination" title=" fluorination"> fluorination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tryptophan" title=" tryptophan"> tryptophan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhancement%20of%20antimicrobial%20activity" title=" enhancement of antimicrobial activity"> enhancement of antimicrobial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152468/attempts-for-the-synthesis-of-indol-ring-fluorinated-tryptophan-derivatives-to-enhance-the-activity-of-antimicrobial-peptides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7462</span> Copper (II) Complex of New Tetradentate Asymmetrical Schiff Base Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catecholase-Mimetic Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cahit%20Demetgul">Cahit Demetgul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahin%20Bayraktar"> Sahin Bayraktar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neslihan%20Beyazit"> Neslihan Beyazit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metalloenzymes are enzyme proteins containing metal ions, which are directly bound to the protein or to enzyme-bound nonprotein components. One of the major metalloenzymes that play a key role in oxidation reactions is catechol oxidase, which shows catecholase activity i.e. oxidation of a broad range of catechols to quinones through the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Studies on the model compounds mimicking the catecholase activity are very useful and promising for the development of new, more efficient bioinspired catalysts, for in vitro oxidation reactions. In this study, a new tetradentate asymmetrical Schiff-base and its Cu(II) complex were synthesized by condensation of 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine with 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzopyran-4-one and by using an appropriate Cu(II) salt, respectively. The prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis and magnetic susceptibility. The catecholase-mimicking activity of the new Schiff Base Cu(II) complex was performed for the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) in methanol at 25 °C, where the electronic spectra were recorded at different time intervals. The yield of the quinone (3,5-DTBQ) was determined from the measured absorbance at 400 nm of the resulting solution. The compatibility of catalytic reaction with Michaelis-Menten kinetics was also investigated. In conclusion, we have found that our new Schiff Base Cu(II) complex presents a significant capacity to catalyze the oxidation reaction of the catechol to o-quinone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catecholase%20activity" title="catecholase activity">catecholase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaelis-Menten%20kinetics" title=" Michaelis-Menten kinetics"> Michaelis-Menten kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base" title=" Schiff base"> Schiff base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metals" title=" transition metals"> transition metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32506/copper-ii-complex-of-new-tetradentate-asymmetrical-schiff-base-ligand-synthesis-characterization-and-catecholase-mimetic-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7461</span> The Gradient Complex Protective Coatings for Single Crystal Nickel Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeniya%20Popova">Evgeniya Popova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Lesnikov"> Vladimir Lesnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20Popov"> Nikolay Popov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High yield complex coatings have been designed for thermally stressed cooled HP turbine blades from single crystal alloys ZHS32-VI-VI and ZHS36 with crystallographic orientation [001]. These coatings provide long-term protection of single crystal blades during operation. The three-layer coatings were prepared as follows: the diffusion barrier layer formation on the alloy surface, the subsequent deposition of the condensed bilayer coatings consisting of an inner layer based on Ni-Cr-Al-Y systems and an outer layer based on the alloyed β-phase. The structure, phase composition of complex coatings and reaction zone interaction with the single-crystal alloys ZHS32-VI and ZHS36-VI were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of complex protective coatings on the properties of heat-resistant nickel alloys was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal%20nickel%20alloys" title="single crystal nickel alloys">single crystal nickel alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20heat-resistant%20coatings" title=" complex heat-resistant coatings"> complex heat-resistant coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20composition" title=" phase composition"> phase composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63315/the-gradient-complex-protective-coatings-for-single-crystal-nickel-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7460</span> In silico Model of Transamination Reaction Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Woo%20Han">Sang-Woo Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Shik%20Shin"> Jong-Shik Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> w-Transaminase (w-TA) is broadly used for synthesizing chiral amines with a high enantiopurity. However, the reaction mechanism of w-TA has been not well studied, contrary to a-transaminase (a-TA) such as AspTA. Here, we propose in silico model on the reaction mechanism of w-TA. Based on the modeling results which showed large free energy gaps between external aldimine and quinonoid on deamination (or ketimine and quinonoid on amination), withdrawal of Ca-H seemed as a critical step which determines the reaction rate on both amination and deamination reactions, which is consistent with previous researches. Hyperconjugation was also observed in both external aldimine and ketimine which weakens Ca-H bond to elevate Ca-H abstraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20modeling" title="computational modeling">computational modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20intermediates" title=" reaction intermediates"> reaction intermediates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=w-transaminase" title=" w-transaminase"> w-transaminase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20silico%20model" title=" in silico model"> in silico model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23667/in-silico-model-of-transamination-reaction-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7459</span> English Complex Aspectuality: A Functional Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cunyu%20Zhang">Cunyu Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper aims to explore the complex aspectuality system of English. This study shows that the complex aspectuality is classified into complex viewpoint aspect which refers to the homogeneous or heterogeneous ways continuously viewing on the same situation by the speaker and complex situation aspect which is the combined configuration of the internal time schemata of situation. Through viewpoint shifting and repeating, the complex viewpoint aspect is formed in two combination ways. Complex situation aspect is combined by the way of hypotactic verbal complex and the limitation of participant and circumstance in a clause. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20series" title="aspect series">aspect series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20situation%20aspect" title=" complex situation aspect"> complex situation aspect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20viewpoint%20aspect" title=" complex viewpoint aspect"> complex viewpoint aspect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20functional%20linguistics" title=" systemic functional linguistics"> systemic functional linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41687/english-complex-aspectuality-a-functional-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7458</span> Reaction Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Refined Cottonseed Oil Using Calcium Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ude%20N.%20Callistus">Ude N. Callistus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amulu%20F.%20Ndidi"> Amulu F. Ndidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onukwuli%20D.%20Okechukwu"> Onukwuli D. Okechukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amulu%20E.%20Patrick"> Amulu E. Patrick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power law approximation was used in this study to evaluate the reaction orders of calcium oxide, CaO catalyzed transesterification of refined cottonseed oil and methanol. The kinetics study was carried out at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 <sup>o</sup>C. The kinetic parameters such as reaction order 2.02 and rate constant 2.8 hr<sup>-1</sup>g<sup>-1</sup>cat, obtained at the temperature of 65 <sup>o</sup>C best fitted the kinetic model. The activation energy, Ea obtained was 127.744 KJ/mol. The results indicate that the transesterification reaction of the refined cottonseed oil using calcium oxide catalyst is approximately second order reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refined%20cottonseed%20oil" title="refined cottonseed oil">refined cottonseed oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaO" title=" CaO"> CaO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20catalysts" title=" heterogeneous catalysts"> heterogeneous catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20model" title=" kinetic model"> kinetic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36873/reaction-kinetics-of-biodiesel-production-from-refined-cottonseed-oil-using-calcium-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7457</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite Material and Investigation of Its Catalytic Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojgan%20Zendehdel">Mojgan Zendehdel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safura%20Molla%20Mohammad%20Zamani"> Safura Molla Mohammad Zamani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, Fe3O4/NaY zeolite nanocomposite with different molar ratio were successfully synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM and VSM techniques. The SEM graphs showed that much of Fe3O4 was successfully coated by the NaY zeolite layer. Also, the results show that the magnetism of the products is stable with added zeolite. The catalytic effect of nanocomposite investigated for esterification reaction under solvent-free conditions. Hence, the effect of the catalyst amount, reaction time, reaction temperature and reusability of catalyst were considered and nanocomposite that created from zeolite and 16.6 percent of Fe3O4 showed the highest yield. The catalyst can be easily separated from reaction with the magnet and it can also be used for several times. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title="zeolite">zeolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic" title=" magnetic"> magnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocompsite" title=" nanocompsite"> nanocompsite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterification" title=" esterification"> esterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10139/synthesis-and-characterization-of-zeolitefe3o4-nanocomposite-material-and-investigation-of-its-catalytic-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7456</span> An Efficient and Green Procedure for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polyhydronaphthalene Derivatives via a One-Pot, Multi-Component Reaction in Aqueous Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeleh%20Moshtaghi%20Zonouz">Adeleh Moshtaghi Zonouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20Eskandari"> Issa Eskandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple, efficient, and green one-pot, four-component synthesis of highly substituted polyhydronaphthalenes in aqueous media is described. The method has such advantages as short reaction times, high yields, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity and environmentally benign. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhydronaphthalene" title="polyhydronaphthalene">polyhydronaphthalene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title=" 2"> 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6-dicyanoanilines" title="6-dicyanoanilines">6-dicyanoanilines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-component%20reaction" title=" multi-component reaction"> multi-component reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20media" title=" aqueous media "> aqueous media </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2213/an-efficient-and-green-procedure-for-the-synthesis-of-highly-substituted-polyhydronaphthalene-derivatives-via-a-one-pot-multi-component-reaction-in-aqueous-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7455</span> Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel and Sonochemical Combination </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabriye%20Piskin">Sabriye Piskin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibel%20Kasap"> Sibel Kasap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muge%20Sari%20Yilmaz"> Muge Sari Yilmaz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> particles were successfully synthesized via sol-gel and sonochemical combination using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor at lower temperature for a short time. The effect of the reaction parameters (hydrolysis media, acid media, and reaction temperatures) on the synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> particles were investigated in the present study. Characterizations of synthesized samples were prepared by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It was shown that the reaction parameters played a significant role in the synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20TiO2" title="crystalline TiO2">crystalline TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonochemical%20mechanism" title=" sonochemical mechanism"> sonochemical mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20reaction" title=" sol-gel reaction"> sol-gel reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36874/synthesis-of-tio2-nanoparticles-by-sol-gel-and-sonochemical-combination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7454</span> Synthesis, Characterization, and Quantum Investigations on [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrile Oxide with 1,5-Benzodiazepine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Hmaimou">Samir Hmaimou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marouane%20Ait%20Lahcen"> Marouane Ait Lahcen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Adardour"> Mohamed Adardour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Maatallah"> Mohamed Maatallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdesselam%20Baouid"> Abdesselam Baouid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to (3 + 2) cycloaddition and condensation reaction, a wide range of synthetic routes can be used to obtain biologically active heterocyclic compounds. Condensation and (3+2) cycloaddition reactions in heterocyclic syntheses are versatile due to the wide variety of possible combinations of several atoms of the reactants. In this article, we first outline the synthesis of benzodiazepine 4 with two dipolarophilic centers (C=C and C=N) by condensation reaction. Then, we use it for cycloaddition reactions (3+2) with nitrile oxides to prepare oxadiazole-benzodiazepines and pyrazole-benzodiazepine compounds. ¹H and ¹³C NMR are used to establish all the structures of the synthesized products. These condensation and cycloaddition reactions were then analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) theoretical level. In this study, the mechanism of the one-step cycloaddition reaction was investigated. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was used to identify the electrophilic and nucleophilic attack sites of the molecules studied. Additionally, Fukui investigations (electrophilic f- and nucleophilic f+) in the various reaction centers of the reactants demonstrate that, whether in the condensation reaction or cycloaddition, the reaction proceeds through the atomic centers with the most important Fukui functions, which is in full agreement with experimental observations. In the condensation reaction, thermodynamic control of regio, chemo, and stereoselectivity is observed, while those of cycloaddition are subject to kinetic control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycloaddition%20reaction" title="cycloaddition reaction">cycloaddition reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regioselectivity" title=" regioselectivity"> regioselectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism%20reaction" title=" mechanism reaction"> mechanism reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR%20analysis" title=" NMR analysis"> NMR analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192375/synthesis-characterization-and-quantum-investigations-on-32-cycloaddition-reaction-of-nitrile-oxide-with-15-benzodiazepine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7453</span> Reaction Kinetics for the Pyrolysis of Urea Phosphate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20A.%20Broodryk">P. A. Broodryk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Van%20Der%20Merwe"> A. F. Van Der Merwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20W.%20J.%20P.%20Neomagus"> H. W. J. P. Neomagus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production of the clear liquid fertilizer ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is best achieved by the pyrolysis of urea phosphate, as it produces a product that is free from any of the impurities present in the raw phosphoric acid it was made from. This is a multiphase, multi-step reaction that produces carbon dioxide and ammonia as gasses and ammonium polyphosphate as liquid products. The polyphosphate chain length affects the solubility and thus the applicability of the product as liquid fertiliser, thus proper control of the reaction conditions is thus required for the use of this reaction in the production of fertilisers. This study investigates the reaction kinetics of the aforementioned reaction, describing a mathematical model for the kinetics of the reaction along with the accompanying rate constants. The reaction is initially exothermic, producing only carbon dioxide as a gas product and ammonium diphosphate, at higher temperatures the reaction becomes endothermic, producing ammonia gas as an additional by-product and longer chain polyphosphates, which when condensed too far becomes highly water insoluble. The aim of this study was to (i) characterise the pyrolysis reaction of urea phosphate by determining the mechanisms and the associated kinetic constants, and (ii) to determine the optimum conditions for ammonium diphosphate production. A qualitative investigation was also done to find the rate of hydrolysis of APP as this provides an estimate of the shelf life of an APP clear liquid fertiliser solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20polyphosphate" title="ammonium polyphosphate">ammonium polyphosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea%20phosphate" title=" urea phosphate"> urea phosphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92068/reaction-kinetics-for-the-pyrolysis-of-urea-phosphate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7452</span> Fuzzy Inference Based Modelling of Perception Reaction Time of Drivers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Chattaraj">U. Chattaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Dhusiya"> K. Dhusiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Raviteja"> M. Raviteja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perception reaction time of drivers is an outcome of human thought process, which is vague and approximate in nature and also varies from driver to driver. So, in this study a fuzzy logic based model for prediction of the same has been presented, which seems suitable. The control factors, like, age, experience, intensity of driving of the driver, speed of the vehicle and distance of stimulus have been considered as premise variables in the model, in which the perception reaction time is the consequence variable. Results show that the model is able to explain the impacts of the control factors on perception reaction time properly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver" title="driver">driver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20reaction%20time" title=" perception reaction time"> perception reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premise%20variable" title=" premise variable"> premise variable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54324/fuzzy-inference-based-modelling-of-perception-reaction-time-of-drivers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7451</span> Asymmetric Synthesis of Catalponol Using Chiral Iridium Catalyst </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeyuki%20Suzuki">Takeyuki Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismiyarto"> Ismiyarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Da-Yang%20Zhou"> Da-Yang Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaori%20Asano"> Kaori Asano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroaki%20Sasai"> Hiroaki Sasai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of catalytic asymmetric reaction is important for the synthesis of natural products. To construct the multiple stereogenic centers, the desymmetrization of meso compounds is powerful strategy for the synthesis of chiral molecules. Oxidative desymmetrization of meso diols using chiral iridium catalyst provides a chiral hydroxyl ketone. The reaction is practical and an environmentally benign method which does not require the use of stoichiometric amount of heavy metals. This time we report here catalytic asymmetric synthesis of catalponol based on tandem coupling of meso-diols and an aldehyde. The tandem reaction includes oxidative desymmetrization of meso-diols, aldol condensation with an aldehyde. The reaction of meso-diol, benzaldehyde in the presence of a catalytic amount of chiral Ir complex and CsOH in tetrahydrofuran afforded the desired benzylidene ketone in 82% yield with 96% ee (enantiomeric excess). Next, we applied this benzylidene ketone derivative to the synthesis of catalponol. The corresponding benzylidene ketone was obtained in 87% yield with 99% ee. Finally, catalponol was synthesized by the regio- and stereo-selective reduction of dienone moiety in good yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalponol" title="catalponol">catalponol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desymmetrization" title=" desymmetrization"> desymmetrization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iridium" title=" iridium"> iridium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95973/asymmetric-synthesis-of-catalponol-using-chiral-iridium-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7450</span> Solutions of Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Equations Used to Model the Growth and Spreading of Biological Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Al-Khaled">Kamel Al-Khaled</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reaction-diffusion equations are commonly used in population biology to model the spread of biological species. In this paper, we propose a fractional reaction-diffusion equation, where the classical second derivative diffusion term is replaced by a fractional derivative of order less than two. Based on the symbolic computation system Mathematica, Adomian decomposition method, developed for fractional differential equations, is directly extended to derive explicit and numerical solutions of space fractional reaction-diffusion equations. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. Finally, the recent appearance of fractional reaction-diffusion equations as models in some ﬁelds such as cell biology, chemistry, physics, and ﬁnance, makes it necessary to apply the results reported here to some numerical examples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20partial%20differential%20equations" title="fractional partial differential equations">fractional partial differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction-di%EF%AC%80usion%20equations" title=" reaction-diﬀusion equations"> reaction-diﬀusion equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adomian%20decomposition" title=" adomian decomposition"> adomian decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20species" title=" biological species"> biological species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55994/solutions-of-fractional-reaction-diffusion-equations-used-to-model-the-growth-and-spreading-of-biological-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7449</span> Evaluation of Esters Production by Oleic Acid Epoxidation Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavio%20A.%20F.%20%20Da%20Ponte">Flavio A. F. Da Ponte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jackson%20Q.%20Malveira"> Jackson Q. Malveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20C.%20G.%20Albuquerque"> Monica C. G. Albuquerque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years a worldwide interest in renewable resources from the biomass has spurred the industry. In this work the chemical structure of oleic acid chains was modified by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in order to produce esters. The homogeneous epoxidation was carried out at H2O2 to oleic acid unsaturation molar ratio of 20:1. The reaction temperature was 338 K and reaction time 16 h. Formic acid was used as catalyst. For heterogeneous catalysis reaction temperature was 343 K and reaction time 24 h. The esters production was carried out by heterogeneous catalysis of the epoxidized oleic acid and butanol using Mg/SBA-15 as catalyst. The resulting products were confirmed by NMR (1H and 13C) and FTIR spectroscopy. The products were characterized before and after each reaction. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface areas. The results were satisfactory for the bioproducts formed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20oleic" title="acid oleic">acid oleic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioproduct" title=" bioproduct"> bioproduct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esters" title=" esters"> esters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxidation" title=" epoxidation"> epoxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51353/evaluation-of-esters-production-by-oleic-acid-epoxidation-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7448</span> Ag Nanoparticle/Melamine Sulfonic Acid Supported on Alumina: Efficient Catalytic System in Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parya%20Nasehi">Parya Nasehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Kazem%20Mohammadi"> Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones were synthesized in the presence of Ag nanoparticle/melamine sulfonic acid (MSA) supported on alumina. The reaction was carried out at 110 oC for 20 min under solvent free conditions. This method have some advantages such as good yield, mild reaction conditions, ease of operation and work up, short reaction time and high product purity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle%20melamine%20sulfonic%20acid" title="nanoparticle melamine sulfonic acid">nanoparticle melamine sulfonic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3" title=" Al2O3"> Al2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biginelli%20reaction" title=" Biginelli reaction"> Biginelli reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3" title=" 3"> 3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-dihydropyrimidin-2%281H" title="4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H">4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20free" title=" solvent free"> solvent free</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22438/ag-nanoparticlemelamine-sulfonic-acid-supported-on-alumina-efficient-catalytic-system-in-synthesis-of-dihydropyrimidines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20reaction&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20reaction&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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