Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="ArticlePage" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <style data-cssvarsponyfill="true"> :root { --primaryColor1: #0e4b92; --primaryColor2: #0167b1; --primaryTextColor: #47494f; --secondaryTextColor: #373737; --breakingColor: #0167b1; --secondaryColor1: #858585; --secondaryColor2: #cccccc; --secondaryColor3: #e6e6e6; --secondaryColor4: #e0e0e0; --secondaryColor5: #ffffff; --siteBgColor: #ffffff; --siteInverseBgColor: #000000; --headerBgColor: #ffffff; --headerBgColorInverse: #000000; --headerBorderColor: #e6e6e6; --headerBorderColorInverse: #858585; --headerTextColor: #373737; --headerTextColorInverse: #ffffff; --headerMenuBgColor: #ffffff; --headerMenuTextColor: #373737; --secondaryHeaderBgColor: #ffffff; --secondaryHeaderTextColor: #333333; --footerBgColor: #ffffff; --footerTextColor: #47494f; --primaryTextColorInverse: #47494f; --secondaryTextColorInverse: #cccccc; --tertiaryTextColor: #999999; --tertiaryTextColorInverse: #cccccc; --moduleTitleColor: #373737; --listBorderColor: #e0e0e0; --gridBorderColor: #e6e6e6; --buttonBgColor: #0e4b92; --buttonTextColor: #ffffff; --inverseButtonBgColor: #0167b1; --tagButtonBorderColor: #0E4B92; --tagButtonTextColor: #0E4B92; --breakingTextColor: #ffffff; --sectionTextColor: #0167b1; --primaryHeadlineFont: Open Sans; --secondaryHeadlineFont: Open Sans; --bodyFont: Open Sans; --lightGray: #e0e0e0; --extraLightGray: #f7f7f7; --mediumGray: #9d9d9d; --gray: #757575; --darkGray: #373737; --sponsorsColor: #E21937; --counterColor: #E21937; --white: #ffffff; --black: #000000; } </style> <meta property="og:title" content="Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://jpt.spe.org/equinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/c1874ac/2147483647/strip/true/crop/836x439+0+60/resize/1200x630!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F3b%2F61%2F823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748%2Fshell-shearwater.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/c1874ac/2147483647/strip/true/crop/836x439+0+60/resize/1200x630!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F3b%2F61%2F823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748%2Fshell-shearwater.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="shell_shearwater.jpg"> <meta property="og:description" content="A new UK-based operating company is set to launch next year with a production profile of nearly 140,000 BOE/D."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="JPT"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="article:author" content="https://jpt.spe.org/author/trent-jacobs"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-12-05T19:17:03.814"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-12-05T19:17:03.814"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Business/economics"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Onshore/Offshore Facilities"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="A new UK-based operating company is set to launch next year with a production profile of nearly 140,000 BOE/D."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/939ce36/2147483647/strip/true/crop/836x470+0+44/resize/1200x675!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F3b%2F61%2F823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748%2Fshell-shearwater.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="shell_shearwater.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SPEtweets"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer"/> <link data-cssvarsponyfill="true" class="Webpack-css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/styleguide/All.min.945616fa1567031845b78889fb1c7c24.gz.css"> <style>@media (min-width: 768px) { .StyleEmbeddedContent-content { width: 100%; } .smallfont { font-size: 60%; } .mediumfont { font-size: 80%; } .small-space { font-size: 60%; line-height: 150% !important; display: block; } .med-space { font-size: 80%; line-height: 150% !important; display: block; } .emphasis-font { font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; color: #e51837; display: block; } .larger-font { font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; color: #e51837; display: block; } .link-font { color: #3485c1; } .ArticlePage-lead .Figure-content, .BlogPostPage-lead .Figure-content { color: #272727; } .caption-1, .CarouselSlide-currentSlide, .CarouselSlide-numbers, .Figure-content, .GalleryPage-aside-slideContent { color: #272727; font-weight: 400; }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=5"><title>Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer</title><meta name="description" content="A new UK-based operating company is set to launch next year with a production profile of nearly 140,000 BOE/D."><link rel="canonical" href="https://jpt.spe.org/equinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer"><meta name="brightspot.contentId" content="00000193-97f3-d7ba-a9fb-bfff8bdc0000"><link rel="apple-touch-icon"sizes="180x180"href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="icon"type="image/png"href="/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon"type="image/png"href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","datePublished":"December 5, 2024","headline":"Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer","image":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://assets.spe.org/3b/61/823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748/shell-shearwater.jpg"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://jpt.spe.org/equinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer"},"author":[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Person","affiliation":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","description":"Trent Jacobs has been a journalist and communications specialist for 15 years, most of which have been spent covering the upstream oil and gas industry. He reports from his hometown of Houston and highlights new trends from the SPE’s largest technical conferences in North America, Europe, Middle East, and Asia. Areas of special focus include emerging technologies, advancements in reservoir engineering, and the energy transition. He can be reached at tjacobs@spe.org.","image":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://assets.spe.org/d1/0e/204f91bd426d80b019c074bd97d2/trent-jacobs-2024-cropped.jpg"},"jobTitle":"Managing Editor","name":"Trent Jacobs","url":"https://jpt.spe.org/author/trent-jacobs"}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"JPT","logo":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://assets.spe.org/d1/0e/204f91bd426d80b019c074bd97d2/trent-jacobs-2024-cropped.jpg"}},"description":"A new UK-based operating company is set to launch next year with a production profile of nearly 140,000 BOE/D."}</script> <meta name="brightspot.cached" content="false">  <script> (function () { 'use strict'; (()=>{'use strict';if(!window.customElements)return;const a=window.HTMLElement,b=window.customElements.define,c=window.customElements.get,d=new Map,e=new Map;let f=!1,g=!1;window.HTMLElement=function(){if(!f){const a=d.get(this.constructor),b=c.call(window.customElements,a);g=!0;const e=new b;return e}f=!1;},window.HTMLElement.prototype=a.prototype;Object.defineProperty(window,'customElements',{value:window.customElements,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(window.customElements,'define',{value:(c,h)=>{const i=h.prototype,j=class extends a{constructor(){super(),Object.setPrototypeOf(this,i),g||(f=!0,h.call(this)),g=!1;}},k=j.prototype;j.observedAttributes=h.observedAttributes,k.connectedCallback=i.connectedCallback,k.disconnectedCallback=i.disconnectedCallback,k.attributeChangedCallback=i.attributeChangedCallback,k.adoptedCallback=i.adoptedCallback,d.set(h,c),e.set(c,h),b.call(window.customElements,c,j);},configurable:!0,writable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(window.customElements,'get',{value:(a)=>e.get(a),configurable:!0,writable:!0});})(); /** @license Copyright (c) 2017 The Polymer Project Authors. All rights reserved. This code may only be used under the BSD style license found at http://polymer.github.io/LICENSE.txt The complete set of authors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/AUTHORS.txt The complete set of contributors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/CONTRIBUTORS.txt Code distributed by Google as part of the polymer project is also subject to an additional IP rights grant found at http://polymer.github.io/PATENTS.txt */ }()); </script> <script> /** For the fastest load times https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/BlockingJS and to prevent any FOUC, as well as prevent any race conditions for browsers that also rely on the CSS variables polyfill, this is inlined. **/ if (!window.customElements) { (function(){ 'use strict';var h=new function(){};var aa=new Set("annotation-xml color-profile font-face font-face-src font-face-uri font-face-format font-face-name missing-glyph".split(" "));function m(b){var a=aa.has(b);b=/^[a-z][.0-9_a-z]*-[\-.0-9_a-z]*$/.test(b);return!a&&b}function n(b){var a=b.isConnected;if(void 0!==a)return a;for(;b&&!(b.__CE_isImportDocument||b instanceof Document);)b=b.parentNode||(window.ShadowRoot&&b instanceof ShadowRoot?b.host:void 0);return!(!b||!(b.__CE_isImportDocument||b instanceof Document))} function p(b,a){for(;a&&a!==b&&!a.nextSibling;)a=a.parentNode;return a&&a!==b?a.nextSibling:null} function t(b,a,c){c=c?c:new Set;for(var d=b;d;){if(d.nodeType===Node.ELEMENT_NODE){var e=d;a(e);var f=e.localName;if("link"===f&&"import"===e.getAttribute("rel")){d=e.import;if(d instanceof Node&&!c.has(d))for(c.add(d),d=d.firstChild;d;d=d.nextSibling)t(d,a,c);d=p(b,e);continue}else if("template"===f){d=p(b,e);continue}if(e=e.__CE_shadowRoot)for(e=e.firstChild;e;e=e.nextSibling)t(e,a,c)}d=d.firstChild?d.firstChild:p(b,d)}}function u(b,a,c){b[a]=c};function v(){this.a=new Map;this.s=new Map;this.f=[];this.b=!1}function ba(b,a,c){b.a.set(a,c);b.s.set(c.constructor,c)}function w(b,a){b.b=!0;b.f.push(a)}function x(b,a){b.b&&t(a,function(a){return y(b,a)})}function y(b,a){if(b.b&&!a.__CE_patched){a.__CE_patched=!0;for(var c=0;c<b.f.length;c++)b.f[c](a)}}function z(b,a){var c=[];t(a,function(b){return c.push(b)});for(a=0;a<c.length;a++){var d=c[a];1===d.__CE_state?b.connectedCallback(d):A(b,d)}} function B(b,a){var c=[];t(a,function(b){return c.push(b)});for(a=0;a<c.length;a++){var d=c[a];1===d.__CE_state&&b.disconnectedCallback(d)}} function C(b,a,c){c=c?c:{};var d=c.w||new Set,e=c.i||function(a){return A(b,a)},f=[];t(a,function(a){if("link"===a.localName&&"import"===a.getAttribute("rel")){var c=a.import;c instanceof Node&&(c.__CE_isImportDocument=!0,c.__CE_hasRegistry=!0);c&&"complete"===c.readyState?c.__CE_documentLoadHandled=!0:a.addEventListener("load",function(){var c=a.import;if(!c.__CE_documentLoadHandled){c.__CE_documentLoadHandled=!0;var f=new Set(d);f.delete(c);C(b,c,{w:f,i:e})}})}else f.push(a)},d);if(b.b)for(a=0;a< f.length;a++)y(b,f[a]);for(a=0;a<f.length;a++)e(f[a])} function A(b,a){if(void 0===a.__CE_state){var c=a.ownerDocument;if(c.defaultView||c.__CE_isImportDocument&&c.__CE_hasRegistry)if(c=b.a.get(a.localName)){c.constructionStack.push(a);var d=c.constructor;try{try{if(new d!==a)throw Error("The custom element constructor did not produce the element being upgraded.");}finally{c.constructionStack.pop()}}catch(r){throw a.__CE_state=2,r;}a.__CE_state=1;a.__CE_definition=c;if(c.attributeChangedCallback)for(c=c.observedAttributes,d=0;d<c.length;d++){var e=c[d], f=a.getAttribute(e);null!==f&&b.attributeChangedCallback(a,e,null,f,null)}n(a)&&b.connectedCallback(a)}}}v.prototype.connectedCallback=function(b){var a=b.__CE_definition;a.connectedCallback&&a.connectedCallback.call(b)};v.prototype.disconnectedCallback=function(b){var a=b.__CE_definition;a.disconnectedCallback&&a.disconnectedCallback.call(b)}; v.prototype.attributeChangedCallback=function(b,a,c,d,e){var f=b.__CE_definition;f.attributeChangedCallback&&-1<f.observedAttributes.indexOf(a)&&f.attributeChangedCallback.call(b,a,c,d,e)};function D(b,a){this.c=b;this.a=a;this.b=void 0;C(this.c,this.a);"loading"===this.a.readyState&&(this.b=new MutationObserver(this.f.bind(this)),this.b.observe(this.a,{childList:!0,subtree:!0}))}function E(b){b.b&&b.b.disconnect()}D.prototype.f=function(b){var a=this.a.readyState;"interactive"!==a&&"complete"!==a||E(this);for(a=0;a<b.length;a++)for(var c=b[a].addedNodes,d=0;d<c.length;d++)C(this.c,c[d])};function ca(){var b=this;this.b=this.a=void 0;this.f=new Promise(function(a){b.b=a;b.a&&a(b.a)})}function F(b){if(b.a)throw Error("Already resolved.");b.a=void 0;b.b&&b.b(void 0)};function G(b){this.j=!1;this.c=b;this.o=new Map;this.l=function(b){return b()};this.g=!1;this.m=[];this.u=new D(b,document)} G.prototype.define=function(b,a){var c=this;if(!(a instanceof Function))throw new TypeError("Custom element constructors must be functions.");if(!m(b))throw new SyntaxError("The element name '"+b+"' is not valid.");if(this.c.a.get(b))throw Error("A custom element with name '"+b+"' has already been defined.");if(this.j)throw Error("A custom element is already being defined.");this.j=!0;var d,e,f,r,k;try{var g=function(b){var a=l[b];if(void 0!==a&&!(a instanceof Function))throw Error("The '"+b+"' callback must be a function."); return a},l=a.prototype;if(!(l instanceof Object))throw new TypeError("The custom element constructor's prototype is not an object.");d=g("connectedCallback");e=g("disconnectedCallback");f=g("adoptedCallback");r=g("attributeChangedCallback");k=a.observedAttributes||[]}catch(q){return}finally{this.j=!1}a={localName:b,constructor:a,connectedCallback:d,disconnectedCallback:e,adoptedCallback:f,attributeChangedCallback:r,observedAttributes:k,constructionStack:[]};ba(this.c,b,a);this.m.push(a);this.g|| (this.g=!0,this.l(function(){return da(c)}))};G.prototype.i=function(b){C(this.c,b)};function da(b){if(!1!==b.g){b.g=!1;for(var a=b.m,c=[],d=new Map,e=0;e<a.length;e++)d.set(a[e].localName,[]);C(b.c,document,{i:function(a){if(void 0===a.__CE_state){var e=a.localName,f=d.get(e);f?f.push(a):b.c.a.get(e)&&c.push(a)}}});for(e=0;e<c.length;e++)A(b.c,c[e]);for(;0<a.length;){for(var f=a.shift(),e=f.localName,f=d.get(f.localName),r=0;r<f.length;r++)A(b.c,f[r]);(e=b.o.get(e))&&F(e)}}} G.prototype.get=function(b){if(b=this.c.a.get(b))return b.constructor};G.prototype.whenDefined=function(b){if(!m(b))return Promise.reject(new SyntaxError("'"+b+"' is not a valid custom element name."));var a=this.o.get(b);if(a)return a.f;a=new ca;this.o.set(b,a);this.c.a.get(b)&&!this.m.some(function(a){return a.localName===b})&&F(a);return a.f};G.prototype.v=function(b){E(this.u);var a=this.l;this.l=function(c){return b(function(){return a(c)})}};window.CustomElementRegistry=G; G.prototype.define=G.prototype.define;G.prototype.upgrade=G.prototype.i;G.prototype.get=G.prototype.get;G.prototype.whenDefined=G.prototype.whenDefined;G.prototype.polyfillWrapFlushCallback=G.prototype.v;var H=window.Document.prototype.createElement,ea=window.Document.prototype.createElementNS,fa=window.Document.prototype.importNode,ga=window.Document.prototype.prepend,ha=window.Document.prototype.append,ia=window.DocumentFragment.prototype.prepend,ja=window.DocumentFragment.prototype.append,I=window.Node.prototype.cloneNode,J=window.Node.prototype.appendChild,K=window.Node.prototype.insertBefore,L=window.Node.prototype.removeChild,M=window.Node.prototype.replaceChild,N=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.Node.prototype, "textContent"),O=window.Element.prototype.attachShadow,P=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.Element.prototype,"innerHTML"),Q=window.Element.prototype.getAttribute,R=window.Element.prototype.setAttribute,S=window.Element.prototype.removeAttribute,T=window.Element.prototype.getAttributeNS,U=window.Element.prototype.setAttributeNS,ka=window.Element.prototype.removeAttributeNS,la=window.Element.prototype.insertAdjacentElement,ma=window.Element.prototype.insertAdjacentHTML,na=window.Element.prototype.prepend, oa=window.Element.prototype.append,V=window.Element.prototype.before,pa=window.Element.prototype.after,qa=window.Element.prototype.replaceWith,ra=window.Element.prototype.remove,sa=window.HTMLElement,W=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.HTMLElement.prototype,"innerHTML"),ta=window.HTMLElement.prototype.insertAdjacentElement,ua=window.HTMLElement.prototype.insertAdjacentHTML;function va(){var b=X;window.HTMLElement=function(){function a(){var a=this.constructor,d=b.s.get(a);if(!d)throw Error("The custom element being constructed was not registered with `customElements`.");var e=d.constructionStack;if(!e.length)return e=H.call(document,d.localName),Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a.prototype),e.__CE_state=1,e.__CE_definition=d,y(b,e),e;var d=e.length-1,f=e[d];if(f===h)throw Error("The HTMLElement constructor was either called reentrantly for this constructor or called multiple times."); e[d]=h;Object.setPrototypeOf(f,a.prototype);y(b,f);return f}a.prototype=sa.prototype;return a}()};function Y(b,a,c){function d(a){return function(c){for(var e=[],d=0;d<arguments.length;++d)e[d-0]=arguments[d];for(var d=[],f=[],l=0;l<e.length;l++){var q=e[l];q instanceof Element&&n(q)&&f.push(q);if(q instanceof DocumentFragment)for(q=q.firstChild;q;q=q.nextSibling)d.push(q);else d.push(q)}a.apply(this,e);for(e=0;e<f.length;e++)B(b,f[e]);if(n(this))for(e=0;e<d.length;e++)f=d[e],f instanceof Element&&z(b,f)}}c.h&&(a.prepend=d(c.h));c.append&&(a.append=d(c.append))};function wa(){var b=X;u(Document.prototype,"createElement",function(a){if(this.__CE_hasRegistry){var c=b.a.get(a);if(c)return new c.constructor}a=H.call(this,a);y(b,a);return a});u(Document.prototype,"importNode",function(a,c){a=fa.call(this,a,c);this.__CE_hasRegistry?C(b,a):x(b,a);return a});u(Document.prototype,"createElementNS",function(a,c){if(this.__CE_hasRegistry&&(null===a||"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"===a)){var d=b.a.get(c);if(d)return new d.constructor}a=ea.call(this,a,c);y(b,a);return a}); Y(b,Document.prototype,{h:ga,append:ha})};function xa(){var b=X;function a(a,d){Object.defineProperty(a,"textContent",{enumerable:d.enumerable,configurable:!0,get:d.get,set:function(a){if(this.nodeType===Node.TEXT_NODE)d.set.call(this,a);else{var e=void 0;if(this.firstChild){var c=this.childNodes,k=c.length;if(0<k&&n(this))for(var e=Array(k),g=0;g<k;g++)e[g]=c[g]}d.set.call(this,a);if(e)for(a=0;a<e.length;a++)B(b,e[a])}}})}u(Node.prototype,"insertBefore",function(a,d){if(a instanceof DocumentFragment){var e=Array.prototype.slice.apply(a.childNodes); a=K.call(this,a,d);if(n(this))for(d=0;d<e.length;d++)z(b,e[d]);return a}e=n(a);d=K.call(this,a,d);e&&B(b,a);n(this)&&z(b,a);return d});u(Node.prototype,"appendChild",function(a){if(a instanceof DocumentFragment){var c=Array.prototype.slice.apply(a.childNodes);a=J.call(this,a);if(n(this))for(var e=0;e<c.length;e++)z(b,c[e]);return a}c=n(a);e=J.call(this,a);c&&B(b,a);n(this)&&z(b,a);return e});u(Node.prototype,"cloneNode",function(a){a=I.call(this,a);this.ownerDocument.__CE_hasRegistry?C(b,a):x(b,a); return a});u(Node.prototype,"removeChild",function(a){var c=n(a),e=L.call(this,a);c&&B(b,a);return e});u(Node.prototype,"replaceChild",function(a,d){if(a instanceof DocumentFragment){var e=Array.prototype.slice.apply(a.childNodes);a=M.call(this,a,d);if(n(this))for(B(b,d),d=0;d<e.length;d++)z(b,e[d]);return a}var e=n(a),f=M.call(this,a,d),c=n(this);c&&B(b,d);e&&B(b,a);c&&z(b,a);return f});N&&N.get?a(Node.prototype,N):w(b,function(b){a(b,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,get:function(){for(var a=[],b= 0;b<this.childNodes.length;b++)a.push(this.childNodes[b].textContent);return a.join("")},set:function(a){for(;this.firstChild;)L.call(this,this.firstChild);J.call(this,document.createTextNode(a))}})})};function ya(b){var a=Element.prototype;function c(a){return function(e){for(var c=[],d=0;d<arguments.length;++d)c[d-0]=arguments[d];for(var d=[],k=[],g=0;g<c.length;g++){var l=c[g];l instanceof Element&&n(l)&&k.push(l);if(l instanceof DocumentFragment)for(l=l.firstChild;l;l=l.nextSibling)d.push(l);else d.push(l)}a.apply(this,c);for(c=0;c<k.length;c++)B(b,k[c]);if(n(this))for(c=0;c<d.length;c++)k=d[c],k instanceof Element&&z(b,k)}}V&&(a.before=c(V));V&&(a.after=c(pa));qa&&u(a,"replaceWith",function(a){for(var e= [],c=0;c<arguments.length;++c)e[c-0]=arguments[c];for(var c=[],d=[],k=0;k<e.length;k++){var g=e[k];g instanceof Element&&n(g)&&d.push(g);if(g instanceof DocumentFragment)for(g=g.firstChild;g;g=g.nextSibling)c.push(g);else c.push(g)}k=n(this);qa.apply(this,e);for(e=0;e<d.length;e++)B(b,d[e]);if(k)for(B(b,this),e=0;e<c.length;e++)d=c[e],d instanceof Element&&z(b,d)});ra&&u(a,"remove",function(){var a=n(this);ra.call(this);a&&B(b,this)})};function za(){var b=X;function a(a,c){Object.defineProperty(a,"innerHTML",{enumerable:c.enumerable,configurable:!0,get:c.get,set:function(a){var e=this,d=void 0;n(this)&&(d=[],t(this,function(a){a!==e&&d.push(a)}));c.set.call(this,a);if(d)for(var f=0;f<d.length;f++){var r=d[f];1===r.__CE_state&&b.disconnectedCallback(r)}this.ownerDocument.__CE_hasRegistry?C(b,this):x(b,this);return a}})}function c(a,c){u(a,"insertAdjacentElement",function(a,e){var d=n(e);a=c.call(this,a,e);d&&B(b,e);n(a)&&z(b,e); return a})}function d(a,c){function e(a,e){for(var c=[];a!==e;a=a.nextSibling)c.push(a);for(e=0;e<c.length;e++)C(b,c[e])}u(a,"insertAdjacentHTML",function(a,b){a=a.toLowerCase();if("beforebegin"===a){var d=this.previousSibling;c.call(this,a,b);e(d||this.parentNode.firstChild,this)}else if("afterbegin"===a)d=this.firstChild,c.call(this,a,b),e(this.firstChild,d);else if("beforeend"===a)d=this.lastChild,c.call(this,a,b),e(d||this.firstChild,null);else if("afterend"===a)d=this.nextSibling,c.call(this, a,b),e(this.nextSibling,d);else throw new SyntaxError("The value provided ("+String(a)+") is not one of 'beforebegin', 'afterbegin', 'beforeend', or 'afterend'.");})}O&&u(Element.prototype,"attachShadow",function(a){return this.__CE_shadowRoot=a=O.call(this,a)});P&&P.get?a(Element.prototype,P):W&&W.get?a(HTMLElement.prototype,W):w(b,function(b){a(b,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,get:function(){return I.call(this,!0).innerHTML},set:function(a){var b="template"===this.localName,e=b?this.content:this, c=H.call(document,this.localName);for(c.innerHTML=a;0<e.childNodes.length;)L.call(e,e.childNodes[0]);for(a=b?c.content:c;0<a.childNodes.length;)J.call(e,a.childNodes[0])}})});u(Element.prototype,"setAttribute",function(a,c){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return R.call(this,a,c);var e=Q.call(this,a);R.call(this,a,c);c=Q.call(this,a);b.attributeChangedCallback(this,a,e,c,null)});u(Element.prototype,"setAttributeNS",function(a,c,d){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return U.call(this,a,c,d);var e=T.call(this,a,c);U.call(this, a,c,d);d=T.call(this,a,c);b.attributeChangedCallback(this,c,e,d,a)});u(Element.prototype,"removeAttribute",function(a){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return S.call(this,a);var c=Q.call(this,a);S.call(this,a);null!==c&&b.attributeChangedCallback(this,a,c,null,null)});u(Element.prototype,"removeAttributeNS",function(a,c){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return ka.call(this,a,c);var d=T.call(this,a,c);ka.call(this,a,c);var e=T.call(this,a,c);d!==e&&b.attributeChangedCallback(this,c,d,e,a)});ta?c(HTMLElement.prototype, ta):la?c(Element.prototype,la):console.warn("Custom Elements: `Element#insertAdjacentElement` was not patched.");ua?d(HTMLElement.prototype,ua):ma?d(Element.prototype,ma):console.warn("Custom Elements: `Element#insertAdjacentHTML` was not patched.");Y(b,Element.prototype,{h:na,append:oa});ya(b)};/* Copyright (c) 2016 The Polymer Project Authors. All rights reserved. This code may only be used under the BSD style license found at http://polymer.github.io/LICENSE.txt The complete set of authors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/AUTHORS.txt The complete set of contributors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/CONTRIBUTORS.txt Code distributed by Google as part of the polymer project is also subject to an additional IP rights grant found at http://polymer.github.io/PATENTS.txt */ var Z=window.customElements;if(!Z||Z.forcePolyfill||"function"!=typeof Z.define||"function"!=typeof Z.get){var X=new v;va();wa();Y(X,DocumentFragment.prototype,{h:ia,append:ja});xa();za();document.__CE_hasRegistry=!0;var customElements=new G(X);Object.defineProperty(window,"customElements",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!0,value:customElements})}; }).call(self); } /** This allows us to load the IE polyfills via feature detection so that they do not load needlessly in the browsers that do not need them. It also ensures they are loaded non async so that they load before the rest of our JS. */ var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; if (!window.CSS || !window.CSS.supports || !window.CSS.supports('--fake-var', 0)) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.setAttribute('src', "https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/styleguide/util/IEPolyfills.cbfb62d5a57054ac258f71c28a109511.gz.js"); script.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); script.async = false; head.appendChild(script); } </script> <script src="https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/styleguide/All.min.1c6b7876816e74f41dc93dc05921c1a2.gz.js" async></script> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Google tag setup var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest() googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering() googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad() googletag.enableServices() }) // setup of ad slots var dfpAdSlotsObject = {} var dfpAdSlots = [] var staticAdSlots = [] </script> <script>(function(c,h,a,f,i,e){c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; c[a].a=i;c[a].e=e;var g=h.createElement("script");g.async=true;g.type="text/javascript"; g.src=f+'?aid='+i;var b=h.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(g,b); })(window,document,"rtp","//sjrtp4-cdn.marketo.com/rtp-api/v1/rtp.js","spe"); rtp('send','view'); rtp('get', 'campaign',true);</script> <script> var link = document.createElement('link'); link.setAttribute('href', 'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Open+Sans:300,400,600,700'); var relList = link.relList; if (relList && relList.supports('preload')) { link.setAttribute('as', 'style'); link.setAttribute('rel', 'preload'); link.setAttribute('onload', 'this.rel="stylesheet"'); link.setAttribute('crossorigin', 'anonymous'); } else { link.setAttribute('rel', 'stylesheet'); } head.appendChild(link); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('833-LLT-087'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script> <script> MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [['\$', '\$']] }, svg: { fontCache: 'global' } }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TW53RVF');</script>  </head> <body class="Page-body"> <div class="Page-above" ><div class="HtmlModule">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T8JL43" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <! -- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> </div><div id="googleAd31a2efbb-c0bc-4472-9ca5-874931a584dd" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/57789820/SPE_728x90_2" data-sticky-ads='true' data-slot-sizes="[[728, 90], [320, 50]]" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[800, 0], [728, 90]], [[0, 0], [320, 50]]]"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div> </div>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TW53RVF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display:none" id="iconsMap" class="iconsMap"> <symbol id="mono-icon-facebook" viewBox="0 0 10 19"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.707 18.25V10.2H0V7h2.707V4.469c0-1.336.375-2.373 1.125-3.112C4.582.62 5.578.25 6.82.25c1.008 0 1.828.047 2.461.14v2.848H7.594c-.633 0-1.067.14-1.301.422-.188.235-.281.61-.281 1.125V7H9l-.422 3.2H6.012v8.05H2.707z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-instagram" viewBox="0 0 17 17"> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.281 4.207c.727 0 1.4.182 2.022.545a4.055 4.055 0 0 1 1.476 1.477c.364.62.545 1.294.545 2.021 0 .727-.181 1.4-.545 2.021a4.055 4.055 0 0 1-1.476 1.477 3.934 3.934 0 0 1-2.022.545c-.726 0-1.4-.182-2.021-.545a4.055 4.055 0 0 1-1.477-1.477 3.934 3.934 0 0 1-.545-2.021c0-.727.182-1.4.545-2.021A4.055 4.055 0 0 1 6.26 4.752a3.934 3.934 0 0 1 2.021-.545zm0 6.68a2.54 2.54 0 0 0 1.864-.774 2.54 2.54 0 0 0 .773-1.863 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-.773-1.863 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-1.864-.774 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-1.863.774 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-.773 1.863c0 .727.257 1.348.773 1.863a2.54 2.54 0 0 0 1.863.774zM13.45 4.03c-.023.258-.123.48-.299.668a.856.856 0 0 1-.65.281.913.913 0 0 1-.668-.28.913.913 0 0 1-.281-.669c0-.258.094-.48.281-.668a.913.913 0 0 1 .668-.28c.258 0 .48.093.668.28.187.188.281.41.281.668zm2.672.95c.023.656.035 1.746.035 3.269 0 1.523-.017 2.62-.053 3.287-.035.668-.134 1.248-.298 1.74a4.098 4.098 0 0 1-.967 1.53 4.098 4.098 0 0 1-1.53.966c-.492.164-1.072.264-1.74.3-.668.034-1.763.052-3.287.052-1.523 0-2.619-.018-3.287-.053-.668-.035-1.248-.146-1.74-.334a3.747 3.747 0 0 1-1.53-.931 4.098 4.098 0 0 1-.966-1.53c-.164-.492-.264-1.072-.299-1.74C.424 10.87.406 9.773.406 8.25S.424 5.63.46 4.963c.035-.668.135-1.248.299-1.74.21-.586.533-1.096.967-1.53A4.098 4.098 0 0 1 3.254.727c.492-.164 1.072-.264 1.74-.3C5.662.394 6.758.376 8.281.376c1.524 0 2.62.018 3.287.053.668.035 1.248.135 1.74.299a4.098 4.098 0 0 1 2.496 2.496c.165.492.27 1.078.317 1.757zm-1.687 7.91c.14-.399.234-1.032.28-1.899.024-.515.036-1.242.036-2.18V7.689c0-.961-.012-1.688-.035-2.18-.047-.89-.14-1.524-.281-1.899a2.537 2.537 0 0 0-1.512-1.511c-.375-.14-1.008-.235-1.899-.282a51.292 51.292 0 0 0-2.18-.035H7.72c-.938 0-1.664.012-2.18.035-.867.047-1.5.141-1.898.282a2.537 2.537 0 0 0-1.512 1.511c-.14.375-.234 1.008-.281 1.899a51.292 51.292 0 0 0-.036 2.18v1.125c0 .937.012 1.664.036 2.18.047.866.14 1.5.28 1.898.306.726.81 1.23 1.513 1.511.398.141 1.03.235 1.898.282.516.023 1.242.035 2.18.035h1.125c.96 0 1.687-.012 2.18-.035.89-.047 1.523-.141 1.898-.282.726-.304 1.23-.808 1.512-1.511z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-email" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M67,148.7c11,5.8,163.8,89.1,169.5,92.1c5.7,3,11.5,4.4,20.5,4.4c9,0,14.8-1.4,20.5-4.4c5.7-3,158.5-86.3,169.5-92.1 c4.1-2.1,11-5.9,12.5-10.2c2.6-7.6-0.2-10.5-11.3-10.5H257H65.8c-11.1,0-13.9,3-11.3,10.5C56,142.9,62.9,146.6,67,148.7z"></path> <path d="M455.7,153.2c-8.2,4.2-81.8,56.6-130.5,88.1l82.2,92.5c2,2,2.9,4.4,1.8,5.6c-1.2,1.1-3.8,0.5-5.9-1.4l-98.6-83.2 c-14.9,9.6-25.4,16.2-27.2,17.2c-7.7,3.9-13.1,4.4-20.5,4.4c-7.4,0-12.8-0.5-20.5-4.4c-1.9-1-12.3-7.6-27.2-17.2l-98.6,83.2 c-2,2-4.7,2.6-5.9,1.4c-1.2-1.1-0.3-3.6,1.7-5.6l82.1-92.5c-48.7-31.5-123.1-83.9-131.3-88.1c-8.8-4.5-9.3,0.8-9.3,4.9 c0,4.1,0,205,0,205c0,9.3,13.7,20.9,23.5,20.9H257h185.5c9.8,0,21.5-11.7,21.5-20.9c0,0,0-201,0-205 C464,153.9,464.6,148.7,455.7,153.2z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-mailto" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M67,148.7c11,5.8,163.8,89.1,169.5,92.1c5.7,3,11.5,4.4,20.5,4.4c9,0,14.8-1.4,20.5-4.4c5.7-3,158.5-86.3,169.5-92.1 c4.1-2.1,11-5.9,12.5-10.2c2.6-7.6-0.2-10.5-11.3-10.5H257H65.8c-11.1,0-13.9,3-11.3,10.5C56,142.9,62.9,146.6,67,148.7z"></path> <path d="M455.7,153.2c-8.2,4.2-81.8,56.6-130.5,88.1l82.2,92.5c2,2,2.9,4.4,1.8,5.6c-1.2,1.1-3.8,0.5-5.9-1.4l-98.6-83.2 c-14.9,9.6-25.4,16.2-27.2,17.2c-7.7,3.9-13.1,4.4-20.5,4.4c-7.4,0-12.8-0.5-20.5-4.4c-1.9-1-12.3-7.6-27.2-17.2l-98.6,83.2 c-2,2-4.7,2.6-5.9,1.4c-1.2-1.1-0.3-3.6,1.7-5.6l82.1-92.5c-48.7-31.5-123.1-83.9-131.3-88.1c-8.8-4.5-9.3,0.8-9.3,4.9 c0,4.1,0,205,0,205c0,9.3,13.7,20.9,23.5,20.9H257h185.5c9.8,0,21.5-11.7,21.5-20.9c0,0,0-201,0-205 C464,153.9,464.6,148.7,455.7,153.2z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-print" viewBox="0 0 12 12"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path fill-rule="nonzero" d="M9 10V7H3v3H1a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3.132A2.868 2.868 0 0 1 9.132 10H9zm.5-4.5a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2zM3 0h6v2H3z"></path> <path d="M4 8h4v4H4z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-copylink" viewBox="0 0 12 12"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M10.199 2.378c.222.205.4.548.465.897.062.332.016.614-.132.774L8.627 6.106c-.187.203-.512.232-.75-.014a.498.498 0 0 0-.706.028.499.499 0 0 0 .026.706 1.509 1.509 0 0 0 2.165-.04l1.903-2.06c.37-.398.506-.98.382-1.636-.105-.557-.392-1.097-.77-1.445L9.968.8C9.591.452 9.03.208 8.467.145 7.803.072 7.233.252 6.864.653L4.958 2.709a1.509 1.509 0 0 0 .126 2.161.5.5 0 1 0 .68-.734c-.264-.218-.26-.545-.071-.747L7.597 1.33c.147-.16.425-.228.76-.19.353.038.71.188.931.394l.91.843.001.001zM1.8 9.623c-.222-.205-.4-.549-.465-.897-.062-.332-.016-.614.132-.774l1.905-2.057c.187-.203.512-.232.75.014a.498.498 0 0 0 .706-.028.499.499 0 0 0-.026-.706 1.508 1.508 0 0 0-2.165.04L.734 7.275c-.37.399-.506.98-.382 1.637.105.557.392 1.097.77 1.445l.91.843c.376.35.937.594 1.5.656.664.073 1.234-.106 1.603-.507L7.04 9.291a1.508 1.508 0 0 0-.126-2.16.5.5 0 0 0-.68.734c.264.218.26.545.071.747l-1.904 2.057c-.147.16-.425.228-.76.191-.353-.038-.71-.188-.931-.394l-.91-.843z"></path> <path d="M8.208 3.614a.5.5 0 0 0-.707.028L3.764 7.677a.5.5 0 0 0 .734.68L8.235 4.32a.5.5 0 0 0-.027-.707"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 16 17"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M9.245 7.318c-.704 0-1.273.57-1.273 1.273v4.454H4.79s.038-7.636 0-8.272h3.182v.945s.985-.919 2.507-.919c1.884 0 3.22 1.364 3.22 4.012v4.234h-3.182V8.591c0-.703-.57-1.273-1.272-1.273zM1.92 3.5h-.018C.94 3.5.318 2.748.318 1.921.318 1.075.96.386 1.94.386s1.583.712 1.603 1.557c0 .828-.622 1.557-1.622 1.557zm1.597 9.545H.336V4.773h3.181v8.272z" transform="translate(-1379 -1975) translate(-5 1957) translate(1270 9) translate(114 9)"/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-pinterest" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M256,32C132.3,32,32,132.3,32,256c0,91.7,55.2,170.5,134.1,205.2c-0.6-15.6-0.1-34.4,3.9-51.4 c4.3-18.2,28.8-122.1,28.8-122.1s-7.2-14.3-7.2-35.4c0-33.2,19.2-58,43.2-58c20.4,0,30.2,15.3,30.2,33.6 c0,20.5-13.1,51.1-19.8,79.5c-5.6,23.8,11.9,43.1,35.4,43.1c42.4,0,71-54.5,71-119.1c0-49.1-33.1-85.8-93.2-85.8 c-67.9,0-110.3,50.7-110.3,107.3c0,19.5,5.8,33.3,14.8,43.9c4.1,4.9,4.7,6.9,3.2,12.5c-1.1,4.1-3.5,14-4.6,18 c-1.5,5.7-6.1,7.7-11.2,5.6c-31.3-12.8-45.9-47-45.9-85.6c0-63.6,53.7-139.9,160.1-139.9c85.5,0,141.8,61.9,141.8,128.3 c0,87.9-48.9,153.5-120.9,153.5c-24.2,0-46.9-13.1-54.7-27.9c0,0-13,51.6-15.8,61.6c-4.7,17.3-14,34.5-22.5,48 c20.1,5.9,41.4,9.2,63.5,9.2c123.7,0,224-100.3,224-224C480,132.3,379.7,32,256,32z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-tumblr" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M321.2,396.3c-11.8,0-22.4-2.8-31.5-8.3c-6.9-4.1-11.5-9.6-14-16.4c-2.6-6.9-3.6-22.3-3.6-46.4V224h96v-64h-96V48h-61.9 c-2.7,21.5-7.5,44.7-14.5,58.6c-7,13.9-14,25.8-25.6,35.7c-11.6,9.9-25.6,17.9-41.9,23.3V224h48v140.4c0,19,2,33.5,5.9,43.5 c4,10,11.1,19.5,21.4,28.4c10.3,8.9,22.8,15.7,37.3,20.5c14.6,4.8,31.4,7.2,50.4,7.2c16.7,0,30.3-1.7,44.7-5.1 c14.4-3.4,30.5-9.3,48.2-17.6v-65.6C363.2,389.4,342.3,396.3,321.2,396.3z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-twitter" width="17" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 14"> <g> <path d="M7.81724 6.0429L12.238 0.75H11.1904L7.35188 5.34575L4.28606 0.75H0.75L5.38612 7.69958L0.75 13.25H1.79763L5.85121 8.39673L9.08894 13.25H12.625L7.81724 6.0429ZM6.38236 7.76081L5.91263 7.06879L2.17511 1.5623H3.78421L6.80043 6.00621L7.27017 6.69823L11.1909 12.4746H9.58179L6.38236 7.76081Z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-youtube" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M508.6,148.8c0-45-33.1-81.2-74-81.2C379.2,65,322.7,64,265,64c-3,0-6,0-9,0s-6,0-9,0c-57.6,0-114.2,1-169.6,3.6 c-40.8,0-73.9,36.4-73.9,81.4C1,184.6-0.1,220.2,0,255.8C-0.1,291.4,1,327,3.4,362.7c0,45,33.1,81.5,73.9,81.5 c58.2,2.7,117.9,3.9,178.6,3.8c60.8,0.2,120.3-1,178.6-3.8c40.9,0,74-36.5,74-81.5c2.4-35.7,3.5-71.3,3.4-107 C512.1,220.1,511,184.5,508.6,148.8z M207,353.9V157.4l145,98.2L207,353.9z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-magnify" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M337.509,305.372h-17.501l-6.571-5.486c20.791-25.232,33.922-57.054,33.922-93.257 C347.358,127.632,283.896,64,205.135,64C127.452,64,64,127.632,64,206.629s63.452,142.628,142.225,142.628 c35.011,0,67.831-13.167,92.991-34.008l6.561,5.487v17.551L415.18,448L448,415.086L337.509,305.372z M206.225,305.372 c-54.702,0-98.463-43.887-98.463-98.743c0-54.858,43.761-98.742,98.463-98.742c54.7,0,98.462,43.884,98.462,98.742 C304.687,261.485,260.925,305.372,206.225,305.372z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="burger-menu" viewBox="0 0 14 10"> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 5.5v-1h14v1H0zM0 1V0h14v1H0zm0 9V9h14v1H0z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="close-x" viewBox="0 0 14 14"> <g> <path fill-rule="nonzero" d="M6.336 7L0 .664.664 0 7 6.336 13.336 0 14 .664 7.664 7 14 13.336l-.664.664L7 7.664.664 14 0 13.336 6.336 7z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="share-more-arrow" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;"> <g> <g> <path d="M512,241.7L273.643,3.343v156.152c-71.41,3.744-138.015,33.337-188.958,84.28C30.075,298.384,0,370.991,0,448.222v60.436 l29.069-52.985c45.354-82.671,132.173-134.027,226.573-134.027c5.986,0,12.004,0.212,18.001,0.632v157.779L512,241.7z M255.642,290.666c-84.543,0-163.661,36.792-217.939,98.885c26.634-114.177,129.256-199.483,251.429-199.483h15.489V78.131 l163.568,163.568L304.621,405.267V294.531l-13.585-1.683C279.347,291.401,267.439,290.666,255.642,290.666z"></path> </g> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="chevron" viewBox="0 0 100 100"> <g> <path xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" d="M62.0502526,71.9497474 C64.7839226,74.6834175 69.2160774,74.6834175 71.9497474,71.9497474 C74.6834175,69.2160774 74.6834175,64.7839226 71.9497474,62.0502526 L31.9497474,22.0502526 C29.2160774,19.3165825 24.7839226,19.3165825 22.0502526,22.0502526 L-17.9497474,62.0502526 C-20.6834175,64.7839226 -20.6834175,69.2160774 -17.9497474,71.9497474 C-15.2160774,74.6834175 -10.7839226,74.6834175 -8.05025256,71.9497474 L27.0191444,36.8803504 L62.0502526,71.9497474 Z" transform="translate(27.000000, 47.000000) scale(-1, 1) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-27.000000, -47.000000) "/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="play-arrow" viewBox="0 0 30 30"> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M9 9l12 6-12 6z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="bookmark" viewBox="0 0 9 12"> <g> <path fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M.5.5v10.997l3.431-2.374a1 1 0 0 1 1.138 0L8.5 11.497V.5h-8z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="heart" viewBox="0 0 14 12"> <g> <path fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.24.5c-1.098 0-2.152.576-2.808 1.7L7 2.938l-.432-.74C5.912 1.076 4.858.5 3.76.5 1.996.5.5 1.899.5 3.859.5 5.2 1.644 6.912 3.57 8.747a27.774 27.774 0 0 0 3.373 2.738A.099.099 0 0 0 7 11.5a.104.104 0 0 0 .061-.018 27.75 27.75 0 0 0 3.368-2.735C12.356 6.912 13.5 5.201 13.5 3.859 13.5 1.899 12.003.5 10.24.5z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="grid" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <g> <path d="M6.4,5.7 C6.4,6.166669 6.166669,6.4 5.7,6.4 L0.7,6.4 C0.233331,6.4 0,6.166669 0,5.7 L0,0.7 C0,0.233331 0.233331,0 0.7,0 L5.7,0 C6.166669,0 6.4,0.233331 6.4,0.7 L6.4,5.7 Z M19.2,5.7 C19.2,6.166669 18.966669,6.4 18.5,6.4 L13.5,6.4 C13.033331,6.4 12.8,6.166669 12.8,5.7 L12.8,0.7 C12.8,0.233331 13.033331,0 13.5,0 L18.5,0 C18.966669,0 19.2,0.233331 19.2,0.7 L19.2,5.7 Z M32,5.7 C32,6.166669 31.766669,6.4 31.3,6.4 L26.3,6.4 C25.833331,6.4 25.6,6.166669 25.6,5.7 L25.6,0.7 C25.6,0.233331 25.833331,0 26.3,0 L31.3,0 C31.766669,0 32,0.233331 32,0.7 L32,5.7 Z M6.4,18.5 C6.4,18.966669 6.166669,19.2 5.7,19.2 L0.7,19.2 C0.233331,19.2 0,18.966669 0,18.5 L0,13.5 C0,13.033331 0.233331,12.8 0.7,12.8 L5.7,12.8 C6.166669,12.8 6.4,13.033331 6.4,13.5 L6.4,18.5 Z M19.2,18.5 C19.2,18.966669 18.966669,19.2 18.5,19.2 L13.5,19.2 C13.033331,19.2 12.8,18.966669 12.8,18.5 L12.8,13.5 C12.8,13.033331 13.033331,12.8 13.5,12.8 L18.5,12.8 C18.966669,12.8 19.2,13.033331 19.2,13.5 L19.2,18.5 Z M32,18.5 C32,18.966669 31.766669,19.2 31.3,19.2 L26.3,19.2 C25.833331,19.2 25.6,18.966669 25.6,18.5 L25.6,13.5 C25.6,13.033331 25.833331,12.8 26.3,12.8 L31.3,12.8 C31.766669,12.8 32,13.033331 32,13.5 L32,18.5 Z M6.4,31.3 C6.4,31.766669 6.166669,32 5.7,32 L0.7,32 C0.233331,32 0,31.766669 0,31.3 L0,26.3 C0,25.833331 0.233331,25.6 0.7,25.6 L5.7,25.6 C6.166669,25.6 6.4,25.833331 6.4,26.3 L6.4,31.3 Z M19.2,31.3 C19.2,31.766669 18.966669,32 18.5,32 L13.5,32 C13.033331,32 12.8,31.766669 12.8,31.3 L12.8,26.3 C12.8,25.833331 13.033331,25.6 13.5,25.6 L18.5,25.6 C18.966669,25.6 19.2,25.833331 19.2,26.3 L19.2,31.3 Z M32,31.3 C32,31.766669 31.766669,32 31.3,32 L26.3,32 C25.833331,32 25.6,31.766669 25.6,31.3 L25.6,26.3 C25.6,25.833331 25.833331,25.6 26.3,25.6 L31.3,25.6 C31.766669,25.6 32,25.833331 32,26.3 L32,31.3 Z" id=""></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="filter" viewBox="0 0 16 12"> <path d="M0 2V0h16v2H0zm2.4 5V5h11.2v2H2.4zm2.4 5v-2h6.4v2H4.8z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lock" viewBox="0 0 8 11"> <g fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"> <path d="M14 9h-.889V7c0-1.788-1.429-2.93-2.993-2.997C8.479 3.935 6.888 5.127 6.888 7v2H6v6h8V9zm-3.886-3.996c1.193.066 2.108.791 2.108 1.996v2h-4.28c-.083 0-.164-.066-.164-.165V7c0-1.271 1.062-2.062 2.336-1.996z" transform="translate(-141 -450) translate(135 446)"/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="right-arrow" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M13.025 1l-2.847 2.828 6.176 6.176h-16.354v3.992h16.354l-6.176 6.176 2.847 2.828 10.975-11z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="avatar" viewBox="0 0 1291.116 1638.771"> <path id="path3940-5" d="M959.98,769.382C873.16,846.125,770.543,880.92,645.557,880.92s-228.083-35.757-314.903-112.5 c-136.539,44.711-299.819,158.492-300,357.211l-0.48,370.673c-0.089,68.183,54.892,123.081,123.077,123.081h984.614 c68.185,0,123.077-54.894,123.077-123.081v-369.23c0-170.673-135.669-314.558-300.961-357.692L959.98,769.382L959.98,769.382z"/> <path id="path3942-6" d="M1014.788,388.615c0,203.92-165.31,369.23-369.23,369.23s-369.23-165.311-369.23-369.23 s165.31-369.23,369.23-369.23S1014.788,184.696,1014.788,388.615z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="share-more-dots" viewBox="0 0 2 10"> <path d="M0 10L2 10 2 8 0 8zM0 6L2 6 2 4 0 4zM0 2L2 2 2 0 0 0z" transform="translate(-904 -603) translate(680 593) translate(210) translate(14 10)" /> </symbol> </svg> <ps-header class="Page-header"> <div class="Page-header-hat"> <div class="Page-header-primary-navigation"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">SPE</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/" data-cms-ai="0">JPT Home</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/about-jpt" data-cms-ai="0">About JPT</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/archive" data-cms-ai="0">Archive</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/december-2024-jpt-digital-magazine" data-cms-ai="0">Current Issue</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="Page-header-signIn signIn-saml"> <div class="Page-header-signIn-icon"> <svg class="avatar"><use xlink:href="#avatar"></use></svg> </div> <a class="Page-header-signIn-label" href="/_auth/saml/login?redirectUrl=https://jpt.spe.org/equinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer" aria-label="Sign In" data-cms-ai="0">Sign In</a> </div> <div class="SocialBar"> <div class="SocialBar-heading">Follow Us</div> <ul class="SocialBar-items"> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/SPEtweets" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.instagram.com/spengineers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="instagram" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-instagram"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">instagram</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpEDUpRgVA32NNaLF1ffIgw" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">youtube</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/spemembers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="facebook" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-facebook"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">facebook</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jpt-journal-of-petroleum-technology/" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="Page-header-hamburger-menu collapsible-menu"> <div class="Page-header-hamburger-menu-wrapper"> <div class="Page-header-hamburger-menu-content"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Topics</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Discipline</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/latest-news" data-cms-ai="0">Latest News</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sponsored-content" data-cms-ai="0">Sponsored Content</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">SPE</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/" data-cms-ai="0">JPT Home</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/about-jpt" data-cms-ai="0">About JPT</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/archive" data-cms-ai="0">Archive</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/december-2024-jpt-digital-magazine" data-cms-ai="0">Current Issue</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <ps-actionbar class="ActionBar"> <ul class="ActionBar-items"> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&text=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter" /></svg><span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&mini=true&title=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&summary=A%20new%20UK-based%20operating%20company%20is%20set%20to%20launch%20next%20year%20with%20a%20production%20profile%20of%20nearly%20140%2C000%20BOE%2FD.&source=JPT" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&description=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&media=https://assets.spe.org/3b/61/823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748/shell-shearwater.jpg" target="_blank" data-social-service="pinterest" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-pinterest"></use></svg><span>Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/2012SPE" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span>YouTube</span> </a></li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-dropdown-trigger href="#" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#share-more-dots"></use></svg><span>Show more sharing options</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="ActionBar-dropdown"> <div class="ActionBar-dropdown-header"> <span>Share</span> <button class="ActionBar-dropdown-close" data-dropdown-close><svg><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Close extra sharing options</span></button> </div> <ul class="ActionBar-dropdown-items"> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&text=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter" /></svg><span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&mini=true&title=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&summary=A%20new%20UK-based%20operating%20company%20is%20set%20to%20launch%20next%20year%20with%20a%20production%20profile%20of%20nearly%20140%2C000%20BOE%2FD.&source=JPT" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&description=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&media=https://assets.spe.org/3b/61/823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748/shell-shearwater.jpg" target="_blank" data-social-service="pinterest" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-pinterest"></use></svg><span>Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/2012SPE" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span>YouTube</span> </a></li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-social-service="copylink" href="#" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-copylink"></use></svg><span>Copy Link URL</span><span data-copied-text>Copied!</span></a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-social-service="print" href="javascript:window.print()" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-print"></use></svg><span>Print</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </ps-actionbar> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Page-header-bar"> <button class="Page-header-menu-trigger" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="1"><svg class="burger-menu"><use xlink:href="#burger-menu"></use></svg><svg class="close-x"><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg><span class="label">Menu</span></button> <div class="Page-header-bar-logo"><a aria-label="home page" href="/" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="PageLogo-image" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/4442441/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2835x616+0+0/resize/258x56!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Feb%2F35%2F27ec9ac740b0baab7436add472e5%2Fjpt-75-years-logo-1824-x-383large.png" alt="JPT 75 Years - LOGO 1824 x 383LARGE.png" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/0e8f7ae/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2835x616+0+0/resize/516x112!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Feb%2F35%2F27ec9ac740b0baab7436add472e5%2Fjpt-75-years-logo-1824-x-383large.png 2x" width="258" height="56" /> </a> </div> <div class="Page-header-bar-logo-compact"><a aria-label="home page" href="/" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="PageLogo-image" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/4cce039/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1500x607+0+0/resize/84x34!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F8b%2F91%2Fe648609940daa4ac6ac9cc054f99%2Fjpt-75-years-oneline.png" alt="jpt-w-text-horizontal-mobile.svg" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/b60cf36/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1500x607+0+0/resize/168x68!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F8b%2F91%2Fe648609940daa4ac6ac9cc054f99%2Fjpt-75-years-oneline.png 2x" width="84" height="34" /> </a> </div> <div class="Page-header-end"> <div class="Page-header-secondary-navigation"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Topics</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Discipline</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/latest-news" data-cms-ai="0">Latest News</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sponsored-content" data-cms-ai="0">Sponsored Content</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="Page-header-topic-navigation collapsible-menu"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Topics</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Discipline</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/latest-news" data-cms-ai="0">Latest News</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sponsored-content" data-cms-ai="0">Sponsored Content</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="Page-header-search-container"> <button class="Page-header-search-button"><svg class="icon-magnify"><use xlink:href="#icon-magnify"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Show Search</span><svg class="close-x"><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg></button> <div class="Page-header-search-overlay"> <form class="Page-header-search-form" action="https://jpt.spe.org/searchjpt#nt=navsearch" novalidate="" autocomplete="off"> <label><input placeholder="Keyword Search..." type="text" class="Page-header-search-input" name="q" required="true"><span class="sr-only">Search Query</span></label> <button type="submit" class="Page-header-search-submit"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon-magnify"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span></button> </form> </div> </div> <div class="Page-header-signIn signIn-saml"> <a class="Page-header-signIn-icon" href="/_auth/saml/login?redirectUrl=https://jpt.spe.org/equinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer" aria-label="" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg class="avatar"> <use xlink:href="#avatar"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </ps-header> <div class="ArticlePage-content"> <div class="ArticlePage-wrapper"> <main class="ArticlePage-main"> <div class="ArticlePage-main-content"> <article class="ArticlePage-mainContent"> <div class="ArticlePage-breadcrumbs"><a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a></div> <h1 class="ArticlePage-headline"> Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer </h1> <h2 class="ArticlePage-subHeadline">A new UK-based operating company is set to launch next year with a production profile of nearly 140,000 BOE/D.</h2> <div class="ArticlePage-contentInfo"> <div class="ArticlePage-byline"> <div class="ArticlePage-byline-wrapper"><div class="ArticlePage-datePublished"> December 5, 2024 </div> <meta content="2024-12-05T19:17:03.814Z"> <div class="ArticlePage-authors"><div class="ArticlePage-authorName"> <span class="ArticlePage-authorBy">By </span><a aria-label="Trent Jacobs" href="https://jpt.spe.org/author/trent-jacobs" data-cms-ai="0"><span>Trent Jacobs</span></a></div></div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-publication"> <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" aria-label="Journal of Petroleum Technology" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-actions"> <ps-actionbar class="ActionBar"> <ul class="ActionBar-items"> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&text=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter" /></svg><span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&mini=true&title=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&summary=A%20new%20UK-based%20operating%20company%20is%20set%20to%20launch%20next%20year%20with%20a%20production%20profile%20of%20nearly%20140%2C000%20BOE%2FD.&source=JPT" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&description=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&media=https://assets.spe.org/3b/61/823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748/shell-shearwater.jpg" target="_blank" data-social-service="pinterest" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-pinterest"></use></svg><span>Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/2012SPE" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span>YouTube</span> </a></li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-dropdown-trigger href="#" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#share-more-dots"></use></svg><span>Show more sharing options</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="ActionBar-dropdown"> <div class="ActionBar-dropdown-header"> <span>Share</span> <button class="ActionBar-dropdown-close" data-dropdown-close><svg><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Close extra sharing options</span></button> </div> <ul class="ActionBar-dropdown-items"> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&text=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter" /></svg><span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&mini=true&title=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&summary=A%20new%20UK-based%20operating%20company%20is%20set%20to%20launch%20next%20year%20with%20a%20production%20profile%20of%20nearly%20140%2C000%20BOE%2FD.&source=JPT" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Fequinor-shell-combining-offshore-assets-to-create-uks-largest-independent-oil-and-gas-producer&description=Equinor%2C%20Shell%20Combining%20Offshore%20Assets%20To%20Create%20UK%E2%80%99s%20Largest%20Independent%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Producer&media=https://assets.spe.org/3b/61/823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748/shell-shearwater.jpg" target="_blank" data-social-service="pinterest" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-pinterest"></use></svg><span>Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/2012SPE" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span>YouTube</span> </a></li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-social-service="copylink" href="#" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-copylink"></use></svg><span>Copy Link URL</span><span data-copied-text>Copied!</span></a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-social-service="print" href="javascript:window.print()" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-print"></use></svg><span>Print</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </ps-actionbar> </div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-lead"><figure class="Figure"> <img src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/f4602af/2147483647/strip/true/crop/836x558+0+0/resize/800x534!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F3b%2F61%2F823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748%2Fshell-shearwater.jpg" alt="shell_shearwater.jpg" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/ff54e8c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/836x558+0+0/resize/1600x1068!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F3b%2F61%2F823233d24fe3aaeacad7ccca9748%2Fshell-shearwater.jpg 2x" width="800" height="534" data-image-size=articleImage /> <div class="Figure-content"><figcaption class="Figure-caption">The Shearwater platform in the UK continental shelf. </figcaption><div class="Figure-credit">Source: Shell</div></div> </figure> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-articleContainer "> <div class="ArticlePage-articleBody "> <div class="RichTextArticleBody"> <div class="RichTextArticleBody-body RichTextBody"><p>Equinor and Shell have announced plans to establish a joint venture to "sustain domestic oil and gas production and security of energy supply in the UK."</p><p>In separate releases, the companies said the new operating entity, which has yet to be named, will become the UK's largest independent oil and gas producer. The venture will be owned equally by Equinor and Shell and will consolidate their UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) assets to enhance cost efficiencies.</p><p>The Aberdeen-based joint venture will assume ownership of Equinor's equity stakes in the Mariner, Rosebank, and Buzzard fields, alongside Shell’s interests in the Shearwater, Penguins, Gannet, Nelson, Pierce, Jackdaw, Victory, Clair, and Schiehallion fields.</p><p>“Domestically produced oil and gas is expected to have a significant role to play in the future of the UK’s energy system. To achieve this in an already mature basin, we are combining forces with Equinor, a partner of many years,” said Zoë Yujnovich, the integrated gas and upstream director for Shell.</p><p>Philippe Mathieu, Equinor’s executive vice president for international exploration and production, added that the deal will improve cash flow “and, by combining Equinor’s and Shell’s long-standing expertise and competitive assets, this new entity will play a crucial role in securing the UK’s energy supply.”</p><p>Certain projects are excluded from the deal. Equinor will retain its cross-border assets, as well as its offshore wind, hydrogen, and carbon storage projects in the UK. Shell will continue to own its onshore gas facilities and its wind and carbon storage businesses. Exploration licenses currently held by both companies will transfer to the joint venture upon deal completion.</p><p>Moving forward, Equinor and Shell said they will continue their involvement in the UKCS through nonoperating investments rather than as individual operators. Equinor described this transition in its announcement as a “new chapter” for both companies, emphasizing their commitment to remaining key players in the UK market.</p><p>Pending regulatory approvals, the new operating company is expected to be established by the end of next year. Once operational, the financial terms of the deal will be retroactive to an effective date of 1 January 2025.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="ArticlePage-tags-container"> <div class="ArticlePage-tags topicsTags"> <h2 class="ArticlePage-tags-heading">Topics</h2> <div class="ArticlePage-tags-list"><a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a><a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0" >Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a></div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-tags"> <h2 class="ArticlePage-tags-heading">Tags</h2> <div class="ArticlePage-tags-list"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/tag/shell" data-cms-ai="0" >Shell</a>, <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/tag/equinor" data-cms-ai="0" >Equinor</a>, <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/tag/uk-continental-shelf" data-cms-ai="0" >UK Continental Shelf</a>, <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/tag/mergers-and-acquisitions" data-cms-ai="0" >mergers and acquisitions</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-authorInfo"> <div class="ArticlePage-authorInfo-image"> <a aria-label="Trent Jacobs" href="https://jpt.spe.org/author/trent-jacobs" data-cms-ai="0"> <img alt="" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/d5563d4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/562x562+38+0/resize/100x100!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fd1%2F0e%2F204f91bd426d80b019c074bd97d2%2Ftrent-jacobs-2024-cropped.jpg" width="100" height="100"> </a> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-authorInfo-bio"> <div class="ArticlePage-authorInfo-bio-name"> <a href="https://jpt.spe.org/author/trent-jacobs" aria-label="" data-cms-ai="0">Trent Jacobs</a> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-authorInfo-bio-content"> Trent Jacobs has been a journalist and communications specialist for 15 years, most of which have been spent covering the upstream oil and gas industry. He reports from his hometown of Houston and highlights new trends from the SPE’s largest technical conferences in North America, Europe, Middle East, and Asia. Areas of special focus include emerging technologies, advancements in reservoir engineering, and the energy transition. He can be reached at tjacobs@spe.org. <div class="ArticlePage-authorInfo-bio-link"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Trent Jacobs" href="https://jpt.spe.org/author/trent-jacobs" data-cms-ai="0">See More Stories by Trent Jacobs</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <aside class="ArticlePage-aside"> <aside class="ArticlePage-aside-content"> <div class="ListC" data-hide-descriptions="true"> <div class="ListC-header" > <div class="ListC-header-title"> <span class="Link">Related Content</span> </div> </div> <ul class="ListC-items"> <li class="ListC-items-item"> <div class="PromoA"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="left" > <div class="PromoA-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Shell OKs Development of Bonga North Offshore Nigeria" href="https://jpt.spe.org/shell-oks-development-of-bonga-north-offshore-nigeria" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="otc-35112-Bonga-North.png" width="180" height="120" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/7798fc0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1083x722+156+0/resize/180x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F5a%2F06%2F84782ac64ea191d1c984d2626032%2Fotc-35112-bonga-north.png" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSmall" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoA-content"> <div class="PromoA-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/shell-oks-development-of-bonga-north-offshore-nigeria" data-cms-ai="0" >Shell OKs Development of Bonga North Offshore Nigeria</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-footer"> <div class="PromoA-by-line">December 17, 2024 • Jennifer Pallanich • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoA-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListC-items-item"> <div class="PromoA"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="left" > <div class="PromoA-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Shell’s Phase 3 Gulf of Mexico Silvertip Project a Go" href="https://jpt.spe.org/shells-phase-3-gulf-of-mexico-silvertip-project-a-go" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="perdido.jpeg" width="180" height="120" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/925300a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/864x576+80+0/resize/180x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F89%2F46%2F26846ffe37d0656678e599558b88%2Fperdido.jpeg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSmall" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoA-content"> <div class="PromoA-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/shells-phase-3-gulf-of-mexico-silvertip-project-a-go" data-cms-ai="0" >Shell’s Phase 3 Gulf of Mexico Silvertip Project a Go</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-footer"> <div class="PromoA-by-line">December 15, 2024 • Blake Wright • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoA-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListC-items-item"> <div class="PromoA"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="left" > <div class="PromoA-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="UK North Sea Carbon Storage Project Gets Green Lights" href="https://jpt.spe.org/uk-north-sea-carbon-storage-project-gets-green-lights" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="NEP-East-Coast-Cluster.png" width="180" height="120" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/8fd82a0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1284x856+212+0/resize/180x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fac%2Fcc%2F0260d3f74111841ab154ba22cf2a%2Fnep-east-coast-cluster.png" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSmall" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoA-content"> <div class="PromoA-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/uk-north-sea-carbon-storage-project-gets-green-lights" data-cms-ai="0" >UK North Sea Carbon Storage Project Gets Green Lights</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-footer"> <div class="PromoA-by-line">December 10, 2024 • Jennifer Pallanich • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoA-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListC-items-item"> <div class="PromoA"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="left" > <div class="PromoA-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Study of Merger Highlights Use of Probabilistic Financial Analysis" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-of-merger-highlights-use-of-probabilistic-financial-analysis-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 1—Probabilistic output graph introduction. " width="180" height="120" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/0d75db2/2147483647/strip/true/crop/849x566+1+0/resize/180x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fe4%2F6b%2F8aeb44d04867bfc209296922f1a8%2Fjpt-2024-12-rm221033.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSmall" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoA-content"> <div class="PromoA-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-of-merger-highlights-use-of-probabilistic-financial-analysis-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Study of Merger Highlights Use of Probabilistic Financial Analysis</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-footer"> <span class="PromoA-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoA-by-line">December 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoA-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListC-items-item"> <div class="PromoA"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="left" > <div class="PromoA-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Coterra Rolls Up Permian Duo for Nearly $4 Billion" href="https://jpt.spe.org/coterra-rolls-up-permian-duo-for-nearly-4-billion" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Drone View of a Gas Well in Texas on Sunny Day" width="180" height="120" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/64b9b0d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3240x2160+428+0/resize/180x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F75%2F93%2Fee4adbab4773bbe2a4835b69abf0%2Fjpt-24-permian-rig.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSmall" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoA-content"> <div class="PromoA-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/coterra-rolls-up-permian-duo-for-nearly-4-billion" data-cms-ai="0" >Coterra Rolls Up Permian Duo for Nearly $4 Billion</a> </div> <div class="PromoA-footer"> <div class="PromoA-by-line">November 15, 2024 • Blake Wright • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoA-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="googleAd0f554285-8477-4dce-8d59-f3175f339be2" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/57789820/SPE_300x250_2" data-sticky-ads='true' data-slot-sizes="[[300, 250]]" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[0, 0], [300, 250]]]"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><div style="background:#ebecf2; padding:15px;"><b><span class="link-font"><a class="Link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jpt-journal-of-petroleum-technology/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0" >Get JPT articles in your LinkedIn feed</a></span></b> and stay current with oil and gas news and technology. </div><p></p></div> </div> <div id="googleAd0be57fa4-baf5-4519-9951-ceeee04ba71a" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/57789820/SPE_300x600_1" data-sticky-ads='true' data-slot-sizes="[[300, 600], [300, 250]]" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[0, 0], [300, 250]], [[800, 0], [300, 600]]]"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div> </aside> </aside> </div> </div> <footer class="Page-footer"> <div class="Page-footer-content"> <div class="Page-footer-columns"> <div class="Page-footer-column"> <div class="Page-footer-content"> <div class="Page-footer-logo"><a aria-label="home page" href="/" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="PageLogo-image" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e8bae48/2147483647/strip/true/crop/588x152+0+0/resize/217x56!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fe2%2F3f%2F5c332dbe44dcae6fc5387f971831%2Fjpt-bs-logo.png" alt="Journal of Petroleum Technology Logo" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/413b046/2147483647/strip/true/crop/588x152+0+0/resize/434x112!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fe2%2F3f%2F5c332dbe44dcae6fc5387f971831%2Fjpt-bs-logo.png 2x" width="217" height="56" /> </a> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><p>The <i>Journal of Petroleum Technology</i>, the Society of Petroleum Engineers’ flagship magazine, presents authoritative briefs and features on technology advancements in exploration and production, oil and gas industry issues, and news about SPE and its members.</p><p>ISSN: 1944-978X (Online)<br>ISSN: 0149-2136 (Print)</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Page-footer-column"> <div class="Page-footer-navigation"> <nav class="FooterNavigation cols-4"> <ul class="FooterNavigation-items"> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <a class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/members/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0" >Members</a> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/join/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">Join SPE</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/join/renew/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">Renew</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/contact-us" data-cms-ai="0">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <a class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE</a> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/publications/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">Publications</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://onepetro.org/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">OnePetro</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://petrowiki.spe.org/PetroWiki" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">PetroWiki</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/twa/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">The Way Ahead</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/about/privacypolicy/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">SPE Privacy Policy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <a class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/" data-cms-ai="0" >JPT</a> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/about-jpt" data-cms-ai="0">About JPT</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/oil-and-gas-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hse-now" data-cms-ai="0">HSE Now</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/data-science-and-digital-engineering" data-cms-ai="0">Data Science and Digital Engineering</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-editorial-review-board" data-cms-ai="0">Editorial Board</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <div class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link"> <span class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link-label">Explore Content by Discipline</span> </div> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Page-footer-bottom"> <div class="Page-footer-disclaimer">©2003-2024 Society of Petroleum Engineers<br>All Rights Reserved.</div> <div class="Page-footer-social"><div class="SocialBar"> <div class="SocialBar-heading">Follow Us</div> <ul class="SocialBar-items"> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/SPEtweets" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.instagram.com/spengineers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="instagram" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-instagram"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">instagram</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpEDUpRgVA32NNaLF1ffIgw" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">youtube</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/spemembers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="facebook" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-facebook"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">facebook</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jpt-journal-of-petroleum-technology/" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <span data-bsp-pv="4f8e492c-6f2f-390e-bc61-f176d3a37ab9"></span><span data-bsp-pv="00000193-97f3-d7ba-a9fb-bfff8bdc0000"></span><script data-bsp-site="00000176-6834-d526-a5f6-6b7c039e0000" data-bsp-contentid="00000193-97f3-d7ba-a9fb-bfff8bdc0000"></script><script data-bsp-site="00000176-6834-d526-a5f6-6b7c039e0000" data-bsp-contentid="00000193-97f3-d7ba-a9fb-bfff8bdc0000" src="https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/_resource/analytics/bsp-analytics.min.3d492319d8b084de04ab3a208c32f0b5.gz.js"></script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Equinor, Shell Combining Offshore Assets To Create UK’s Largest Independent Oil and Gas Producer