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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5+%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5+%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-종류" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#종류"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>종류</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-종류-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-부문" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#부문"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>부문</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-부문-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-경제성" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#경제성"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>경제성</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-경제성-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-요금" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#요금"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>요금</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-요금-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">공공 서비스</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 38개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خدمة عمومية – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خدمة عمومية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servijo%C3%B9_publik" title="Servijoù publik – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Servijoù publik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servei_p%C3%BAblic" title="Servei públic – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Servei públic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C5%99ejn%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Veřejná služba – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Veřejná služba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daseinsvorsorge" title="Daseinsvorsorge – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daseinsvorsorge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δημόσια υπηρεσία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημόσια υπηρεσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Public service" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publika_servo" title="Publika servo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Publika servo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicio_p%C3%BAblico" title="Servicio público – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Servicio público" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalik_teenus" title="Avalik teenus – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Avalik teenus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerbitzu_publiko" title="Zerbitzu publiko – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerbitzu publiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="خدمات عمومی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خدمات عمومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julkinen_palvelu_Suomessa" title="Julkinen palvelu Suomessa – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Julkinen palvelu Suomessa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_public" title="Service public – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Service public" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="שירות ציבורי – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירות ציבורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelayanan_publik" title="Pelayanan publik – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelayanan publik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinber_%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta" title="Opinber þjónusta – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Opinber þjónusta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizio_pubblico" title="Servizio pubblico – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Servizio pubblico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9" title="公共サービス – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="公共サービス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%88" title="សេវាសាធារណៈ – 크메르어" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សេវាសាធារណៈ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="크메르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Јавна услуга – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јавна услуга" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkhidmatan_awam" title="Perkhidmatan awam – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perkhidmatan awam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servici_public" title="Servici public – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Servici public" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us%C5%82ugi_publiczne" title="Usługi publiczne – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Usługi publiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_p%C3%BAblico" title="Serviço público – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serviço público" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serviciu_public" title="Serviciu public – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Serviciu public" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Государственная услуга – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственная услуга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almmola%C5%A1_b%C3%A1lvalus" title="Almmolaš bálvalus – 북부 사미어" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Almmolaš bálvalus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="북부 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javne_slu%C5%BEbe" title="Javne službe – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Javne službe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javna_slu%C5%BEba" title="Javna služba – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Javna služba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Јавне услуге – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јавне услуге" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0" title="บริการสาธารณะ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริการสาธารณะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamu_hizmeti" title="Kamu hizmeti – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kamu hizmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Публічні послуги – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Публічні послуги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servisio_publego" title="Servisio publego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Servisio publego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_c%C3%B4ng" title="Dịch vụ công – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> <b>공익사업</b> 또는 <b>공공 서비스</b>(public service)는 그 서비스가 공중의 일상생활에 필요불가결한 것이므로 국가나 지방자치단체가 규제 또는 소유·경영을 요하는 것이면서, 그것이 독점적인 성격을 지니는 사업이다. 공익사업은 미국의 경우를 제외하고는 대다수 국가가 이를 공기업화하고 있다. </p><p>즉, 영미(英美) 두 나라는 예외이나 50여 개국 철도는 이미 2차대전 전부터 국유화되었으며, 이탈리아·독일·스위스등은 19세기 말에 철도의 공기업화를 단행한 바 있다. 영국 역시 2차대전 후에는 철도를 국유화시켰다. </p><p>미국의 경우에도 운수사업을 시영화(市營化)하고 있음을 본다. 전신·전화사업 역시 대부분의 나라에서 국영화시켰는가 하면, 상수도(上水道) 사업에 이르러서는 미국조차도 공기업화한 도시가 적지 않고, 발전·송배전(送配電)·가스의 공급 역시 공기업화한 도시가 상당수에 달한다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="종류"><span id=".EC.A2.85.EB.A5.98"></span>종류</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 종류"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>공익사업은 산업구조면에서 분류하면 ① 교통공익사업, ② 통신공익사업, ③ 전기·가스·수도사업 등의 특수물자 공급사업으로 나눌 수 있다. 교통공익사업은 도로제공·도로운송·철도·수로(水路)제공·수상운수·공중운수사업 등의 운수공익사업과 합동주차장·철도차량 제공·운수취급·창고사업 등의 운수부수(運輸附隋) 공익사업으로 구분된다. 그리고 통신 공익사업은 우편·전신전화·방송사업 등으로 다시 분류된다. 한편, 업무지역에 따라 공익사업을 분류하면 ① 도시(또는 지방)공익사업(urban or local utility), ② 대지역 공익사업(regional utility), ③ 전국적 공익사업(national utility), ④ 국제적 공익사업(international utility)으로 나뉜다. 또 소유 경영주체에 따라 분류하면 국영·공영·사영(私營) 및 공사혼유(公私混有)경영 공익사업으로 나뉜다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="부문"><span id=".EB.B6.80.EB.AC.B8"></span>부문</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 부문"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34752755">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%9B%90" title="법원">법원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0" title="전기">전기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1" title="교육">교육</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%91%EA%B8%89_%EC%B9%98%EB%A3%8C_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="응급 치료 서비스 (없는 문서)">응급 치료 서비스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD_%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8" title="환경 보호">환경 보호</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EB%A3%8C" title="의료">의료</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC" title="군사">군사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5" title="대중교통">대중교통</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95%EB%AC%BC" title="건축물">건축물</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="사회 서비스">사회 서비스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0" title="전기 통신">전기 통신</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="도시 계획">도시 계획</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5" title="교통">교통</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%BC_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="폐기물 관리">폐기물 관리</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%81%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EB%A7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="상수도망 (없는 문서)">상수도망</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="경제성"><span id=".EA.B2.BD.EC.A0.9C.EC.84.B1"></span>경제성</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 경제성"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>공익사업은 기업으로서 경제성을 추구한다. 즉, 가능한대로 수입을 높이고 지출을 절감, 독립채산(獨立採算)을 행하며, 상당한 자본보수의 생성에 노력을 하는 것이다. 사영(私營)인 경우는 투하된 자본의 이자에 해당하는 액수 이상의 이윤을 올리려 할 것이고, 공영인 경우에는 반드시 이윤을 목표로 하지는 않는다 하더라도 확대재생산(擴大再生産)을 위한 어느 정도 자기자본의 생성에 노력할 것이다. 이와 같은 자본보수가 독점 규제에 의하여 적정한 한도에서 억제되는 것은 본질상 지극히 당연하다. 그러나 이 공익성이 지나치게 강조된 나머지 때로는 자본보수가 적정한도보다 하회선(下廻線)에서 억제되거나, 심한 경우에는 감가상각비나 영업비마저도 보상되지 않은 요금을 강요당하는 예도 없지 않다. 또한 공익성은 사업의 수입면에서 낮은 요금을 강제하는 반면, 지출면에 있어서는 서비스의 향상 내지 적자(赤字) 서비스를 계속하기를 강제하는 데, 이것은 공익사업에 있어서의 공익성과 경제성의 모순이 아닐 수 없다. 따라서 공익사업의 건전한 발전을 위하여 경제성 충족이 필요하다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="요금"><span id=".EC.9A.94.EA.B8.88"></span>요금</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 요금"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>요금규제의 근본은 공중의 공정한 이익옹호와 사업의 건전한 발전을 조화·양립시키는 데 있다. 대한민국의 경우, 이용공중의 이익을 강조하고 있으나, 이 이익은 공중일변도의 이익이 아니라 공정한 이익이어야 하며, 사업의 건전한 발전이라 국민경제·국민생활의 향상 발전에서 필요한 공익사업의 서비스가 계속적으로 부족됨이 없이 공급되는 상태를 말한다. 그리고 이 양자의 조화를 실현시키는 공익사업의 요금결정원칙을 '공정합리요금의 원칙'이라 한다. 공익사업의 요금결정 원칙은 전기사업의 요금산정 기준에 흔히 채용되고 있을 뿐, 공영·사영의 교통공익사업에서는 그다지 채용하지 않은 것이 세계적인 경향이다. 그러나 요금결정의 분류 내지는 공익사업의 공익성이라는 점을 감안 할 때 이 원칙에 의한 요금결정은 더욱 필요하다 할 수 있다. </p><p>공익사업의 요금은 공중의 일상생활 필수의 서비스, 또는 특수물질과 서비스의 결합물들을 독점적으로 제공한다는 본질에 공익성과 독점성의 조화를 그 정책의 기본으로 한다. 따라서 독점이윤의 규제와 공평대우가 정책기본이 된다. 또한 주요 공익사업은 국민경제에 있어서의 중요 기간산업이기 때문데, 이 점에서의 요금정책이 가미된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_services?uselang=ko">공공 서비스</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98_%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%A4" title="기반 시설">기반 시설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EB%A1%A0" title="신공공관리론">신공공관리론</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619233601/https://www.municipalservicesproject.org/">Municipal Services Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-psi.org">Public Services International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psiru.org">Public Services International Research Unit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317082846/http://www.psiru.org/">Archived</a> 2011년 3월 17일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></li> <li>Daniel Chavez (ed), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tni.org/detail_pub.phtml?know_id=96">Beyond the Market: The Future of Public Services</a>, TNI Public Services Yearbook 2005/6, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:Transnational Institute">en:Transnational Institute</a> / Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU), February 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceep.eu">European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation and of Enterprises of General Economic Interest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813080031/http://ceep.eu/">Archived</a> 2011년 8월 13일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></li></ul> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%A0%95%ED%95%99" title="행정학">행정학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8D%BC%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%AD_%EB%8F%84%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B8" title="퍼블릭 도메인">퍼블릭 도메인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%A4%91%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4" title="공중보건">공중보건</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9D%B5" title="공익">공익</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80" title="공유지">공유지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%9C%A0%EC%9E%AC%EC%82%B0" title="국유재산">국유재산</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="공공정책">공공정책</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80_%EC%A1%B0%EB%8B%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="정부 조달 (없는 문서)">정부 조달</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EA%B0%80%EC%B9%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공공 가치 (없는 문서)">공공 가치</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기본 서비스</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%AC%B4%EC%9B%90" title="공무원">공무원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%B0%A9%EB%B3%B8%EB%B6%80" title="소방본부">소방본부</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%A7%91%ED%96%89" title="법집행">법집행</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%ED%8E%B8" title="우편">우편</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%98%81_%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1" title="공영 방송">공영 방송</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5" title="대중교통">대중교통</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9D%B5%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85" title="공익사업">공익사업</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0_%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="전기 사업 (없는 문서)">전기 사업</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AD%EC%98%81_%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0_%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="국영 석유 기업 (없는 문서)">국영 석유 기업</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84_(%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%A4)" title="수도 (시설)">수도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%90%EA%B8%B0%EB%AC%BC_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC" title="폐기물 관리">폐기물 관리</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85" title="공공사업">공공사업</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98_%EC%8B%9C%EC%84%A4" title="기반 시설">기반 시설</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공공 은행 (없는 문서)">공공 은행</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EB%B3%91%EC%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="공공 병원 (없는 문서)">공공 병원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80" title="공공 도서관">공공 도서관</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%A6%BD_%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="공립 학교">공립 학교</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5%EC%9E%A5%EC%86%8C" title="공공장소">공공장소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%A6%BD_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99" title="공립 대학">공립 대학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="사회 서비스">사회 서비스</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%98%81_%EC%A3%BC%ED%83%9D" title="공영 주택">공영 주택</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EB%B3%B4%ED%97%98" title="사회 보험">사회 보험</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="분류:공공 서비스">분류:공공 서비스</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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