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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fy.wikipedia.org&uselang=fy" class=""><span>Donaasjes</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Nije_ynstellings_oanmeitsje&returnto=Russysk" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge in akkount oan te meitsjen en jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net" class=""><span>Akkount meitsje</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Oanmelde&returnto=Russysk" title="Jo wurde fan herten útnûge jo oan te melden, mar it hoecht net [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oanmelde</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Siden foar ôfmelde meidoggers <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Yntroduksje" aria-label="Mear witte oer bewurkjen"><span>mear witte</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Myn_bydragen" title="List fan wizigings makke fan dit YP-adres ôf [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Myn_oerlis" title="Oerlis oer bewurkings fan dit YP-adres ôf [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webstee"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Ynhâld" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ynhâld</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Begjin</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Status_en_geografyske_fersprieding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_en_geografyske_fersprieding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Status en geografyske fersprieding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_en_geografyske_fersprieding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skiednis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skiednis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Skiednis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skiednis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skaaimerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skaaimerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skaaimerken</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Skaaimerken-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Subseksje Skaaimerken omklappe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Skaaimerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonetyk_en_fonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetyk_en_fonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fonetyk en fonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonetyk_en_fonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hurde_en_sêfte_bylûden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurde_en_sêfte_bylûden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Hurde en sêfte bylûden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurde_en_sêfte_bylûden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fokaalreduksje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fokaalreduksje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Fokaalreduksje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fokaalreduksje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stimhawwende_en_stimleaze_bylûden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stimhawwende_en_stimleaze_bylûden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Stimhawwende en stimleaze bylûden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stimhawwende_en_stimleaze_bylûden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Grammatika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliteraasje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliteraasje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transliteraasje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliteraasje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialekten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialekten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialekten</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dialekten-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Subseksje Dialekten omklappe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dialekten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noardrussyske_dialekten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noardrussyske_dialekten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noardrussyske dialekten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noardrussyske_dialekten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintraal_Russyske_dialekten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintraal_Russyske_dialekten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sintraal Russyske dialekten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sintraal_Russyske_dialekten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Súdrussyske_dialekten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Súdrussyske_dialekten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Súdrussyske dialekten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Súdrussyske_dialekten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wikselwurking_mei_it_Nederlânsk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wikselwurking_mei_it_Nederlânsk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Wikselwurking mei it Nederlânsk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wikselwurking_mei_it_Nederlânsk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Subseksje Wikselwurking mei it Nederlânsk omklappe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wikselwurking_mei_it_Nederlânsk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nederlânsk_en_Dútsk_yn_de_Russyske_taal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederlânsk_en_Dútsk_yn_de_Russyske_taal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Nederlânsk en Dútsk yn de Russyske taal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederlânsk_en_Dútsk_yn_de_Russyske_taal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russyske_wurden_yn_it_Frysk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russyske_wurden_yn_it_Frysk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Russyske wurden yn it Frysk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russyske_wurden_yn_it_Frysk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjoch_ek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjoch_ek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sjoch ek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjoch_ek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keppeling_om_utens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keppeling_om_utens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Keppeling om utens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keppeling_om_utens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ynhâld" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ynhâldsopjefte omklappe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russysk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nei it artikel yn in oare taal gean. Beskikber yn 252 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аурыс бызшәа – Abchazysk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аурыс бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russies" title="Russies – Afrikaansk" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_aru" title="Rusi aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusi aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – Switsers Dútsk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switsers Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – Sûd-Altaïsk" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Sûd-Altaïsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="መስኮብኛ – Amhaarsk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መስኮብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiya_a_Sowal" title="Rosiya a Sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rosiya a Sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – Aragoneesk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Russisc sprǣc – âldingelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="âldingelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الروسية – Arabysk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ – Arameesk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Arameesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="روسية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="روسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰুছ ভাষা – Assameesk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰুছ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assameesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu – Asturysk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma rusu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀурус мацӀ – Avarysk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀурус мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiava" title="Rossiava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossiava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – Azerbeidzjaansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روس دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урыҫ теле – Basjkiersk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урыҫ теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – Balineesk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balineesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sproch" title="Russische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosu_kalba" title="Rosu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruso" title="Ruso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова – Wyt-Russysk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wyt-Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Расейская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расейская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език – Bulgaarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toktok_Rusia" title="Toktok Rusia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Toktok Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রুশ ভাষা – Bengaalsk" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད། – Tibetaansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusianeg" title="Rusianeg – Bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusianeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – Bosnysk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Орос хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Орос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – Katalaansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Оьрсийн мотт – Tsjetsjeensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оьрсийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hk%C8%AFhehetanetse" title="Náhkȯhehetanetse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Náhkȯhehetanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwseg" title="Rwseg – Welsk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕووسی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕووسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Korsikaansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – Krim-Tataarsk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – Tsjechysk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Rusczi jãzëk – Kasjoebysk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rusczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Kerkslavysk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вырăс чĕлхи – Tsjoevasjysk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вырăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog) – Deensk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Russisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – Dútsk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Dútsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski" title="Ruski – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ruski" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Rusojska rěc – Nedersorbysk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ރޫސީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρωσική γλώσσα – Gryks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Gryks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3ss" title="Róss – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Róss" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – Ingelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Ingelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_lingvo" title="Rusa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – Spaansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene_keel" title="Vene keel – Estlânsk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera – Baskysk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان روسی – Perzysk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisinkoore" title="Riisinkoore – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Riisinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_kieli" title="Venäjän kieli – Finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinne_kiil" title="Vinne kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinne kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Russiskt mál – Faeröersk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Frânsk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo" title="Russo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCsk_spriak" title="Rüsk spriak – Noard-Frysk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rüsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noard-Frysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_russe" title="Lenghe russe – Friulysk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe russe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAisis" title="An Rúisis – Iersk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iersk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ris" title="Ris – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ris" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruisis" title="Ruisis – Schotsk Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruisis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schotsk Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rusa" title="Lingua rusa – Galisysk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="رۊسي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrusia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Rrusiañe'ẽ – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrusiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooshish" title="Rooshish – Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooshish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashanci" title="Rashanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rashanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_L%C5%ABkini" title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini – Hawaïaansk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רוסית – Hebreeuwsk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuwsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերեն – Armeensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_bhasa" title="Russi bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – Kroatysk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Rušćina – Oppersorbysk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rušćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_ris" title="Lang ris – Haïtiaansk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang ris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosz_nyelv" title="Orosz nyelv – Hongaarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orosz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russe" title="Lingua russe – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua russe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Yndonezysk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Yndonezysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9" title="רוסיש – Jiddysk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusitun_uqautchiq" title="Uruusitun uqautchiq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusitun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Ruso" title="Pagsasao a Ruso – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Ruso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusa linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Èdè Rọ́síà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эрсий мотт – Ingoesj" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska – Yslâns" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslâns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Italiaansk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ロシア語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshan_languij" title="Roshan languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roshan languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukybau" title="rukybau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ruslan" title="Basa Ruslan – Javaansk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ენა – Georgysk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_tarusit" title="Tutlayt tarusit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshiya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Roshiya (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshiya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – Kabardysk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusia" title="Kirusia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kirusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Орус тили – Kirgizysk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орус тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орыс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어 – Koreaansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روٗسی زَبان – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_r%C3%BBs%C3%AE" title="Zimanê rûsî – Koerdysk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê rûsî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russek" title="Russek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Russica" title="Lingua Russica – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Russica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_rus" title="Lingaz rus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz rus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russesch" title="Russesch – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Оьрус маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Оьрус маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Урус чӀал – Lezgysk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урус чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusce_(lingua)" title="Rusce (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ruscia" title="Lengua ruscia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ – Laotiaansk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABvu_vol%C5%ABda" title="Krīvu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīvu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievu_valoda" title="Krievu valoda – Letlâns" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letlâns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рузонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_rosiana" title="Fiteny rosiana – Malagasysk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rosiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Руш йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABhia" title="Reo Rūhia – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား – Birmees" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Rusia" title="Bahaso Rusia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кель – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Рузонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски јазик – Macedonysk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipoeri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipoeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रशियन भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Руш йӹлмӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руш йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Russa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – Napolitaansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Spraak" title="Russische Spraak – Laagduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Laagduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रुसी भाषा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Nederlânsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlânsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusum" title="Rusum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serussian" title="Serussian – Noard-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Serussian" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noard-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_bizaad" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – Occitaansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27an_kieli" title="Ven'an kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'an kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уырыссаг æвзаг – Ossetysk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уырыссаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_R%C3%BAso" title="Salitan Rúso – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Rúso" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiano" title="Rusiano – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusiano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rushan" title="Rushan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rushan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski – Poalsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język rosyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_russa" title="Lenga russa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga russa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روسي ژبه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_russa" title="Língua russa – Portugeesk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugeesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusu_simi" title="Rusu simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Reto-Romaansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusikani_chhib" title="Rusikani chhib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusikani chhib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă – Roemeensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_russe" title="Lènga russe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga russe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="topside"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Русский язык – Russysk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Російскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Російскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusiya" title="Kirusiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kirusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसीभाषा – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रूसीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нуучча тыла – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нуучча тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_russa" title="Limba russa – Sardinysk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba russa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Siciliaansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie_leid" title="Roushie leid – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="روسي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1agiella" title="Ruoššagiella – Noard-Samysk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruoššagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noard-Samysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – Servokroatysk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servokroatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tarusit" title="Tutlayt Tarusit – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ruščina – Sloveensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Rusia" title="Faʻa Rusia – Samoaansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C3%A2kiel%C3%A2" title="Ruošâkielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruošâkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirhashiya" title="Chirhashiya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ruush" title="Af-Ruush – Somalysk" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ruush" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse – Albaneesk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha ruse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски језик – Servysk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusitongo" title="Rusitongo – Sranantongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusitongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranantongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – Soendaneesk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendaneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusi" title="Kirusi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kirusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ruskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ruskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உருசிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="రష్యన్ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-rusu" title="Lia-rusu – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-rusu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони русӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони русӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย – Thais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABtia" title="Reo Rūtia – Tahitysk" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ruso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Rasia" title="Tok Rasia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рус теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Орус дыл – Tuvinysk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Орус дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Ӟуч кыл – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟуч кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="رۇس تىلى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Російська мова – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Російська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روسی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_rusa" title="Łéngua rusa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua rusa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4n_kel%27" title="Venän kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venän kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga" title="Tiếng Nga – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Rusänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsse_(lingaedje)" title="Rûsse (lingaedje) – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsse (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Орс келн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орс келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – Sineesk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sineesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文 – Kantoneesk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantoneesk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a-g%C3%AD" title="Lō͘-se-a-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiRashiya" title="IsiRashiya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rus" title="Basa Rus – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Rus" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Rusia" title="Saro Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Rusia" title="Boros Rusia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Rusia" title="Jaku Rusia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi_zyvon" title="Urusi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ – Standert Marokkaanske Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standert Marokkaanske Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Yntertaalkeppelings bewurkje" class="wbc-editpage">Keppelings bewurkje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nammeromten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russysk" title="De sideynhâld sjen litte [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oerlis:Russysk&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Oerlis oer de sideynhâld (noch net skreaun) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Oerlis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalfariant feroarje" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Frysk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Werjeften"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russysk"><span>Lêze</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=history" title="Eardere ferzjes fan dizze side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Helpmiddels" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Helpmiddels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Helpmiddels</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mear opsjes" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russysk"><span>Lêze</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit" title="Dizze side bewurkje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit" title="De boarnekoade fan dizze side bewurkje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Boarne bewurkje</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=history"><span>Skiednis besjen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemien </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Wat_is_hjirmei_keppele/Russysk" title="List fan alle siden dy't nei dizze side ferwize [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hjirmei keppele</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Folgje_keppelings/Russysk" rel="nofollow" title="De lêste feroarings yn siden dêr't dizze side nei ferwiist [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Keppelings folgje</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Bys%C3%BBndere_siden" title="List fan alle bysûndere siden [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Bysûndere siden</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&oldid=1147671" title="Bliuwende keppeling nei dizze ferzje fan 'e side"><span>Fêste keppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=info" title="Mear ynformaasje oer dizze side"><span>Sidegegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Sitearje&page=Russysk&id=1147671&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Op hokker wize dizze side sitearre wurde kin"><span>Dizze side sitearje</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRussysk"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRussysk"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ofdrukke/eksportearje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Russysk"><span>Boek meitsje</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki:DownloadAsPdf&page=Russysk&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ynlade as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&printable=yes" title="Ofdrukferzje fan dizze side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ofdrukferzje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yn oare projekten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1005" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737" title="Keppeling nei it ferbûne dataopslachitem [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">nei sydbalke ferplakke</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ferbergje</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ut Wikipedy</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fy" dir="ltr"><table class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; clear:right; width:270px; padding:0px; margin-left:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#98FB98; color:#000000; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;" align="center" colspan="3">Russysk </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#98FB98; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>algemien</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">eigen namme</td> <td colspan="2">русский язык </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">lânseigen yn</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân">Russyske Federaasje</a>, foarmalige <a href="/wiki/Sowjet-Uny" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowjet-Uny">Sowjetrepubliken</a>, foarmalige <a href="/wiki/Warsjaupakt" title="Warsjaupakt">Warsjaupaktlannen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongoalje" title="Mongoalje">Mongoalje</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;">tal sprekkers</td> <td colspan="2">ca. 145 miljoen (memetaal praters);<br />ca. 110 miljoen (as twadde taal) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet">skrift</a></td> <td colspan="2">it <a href="/wiki/Sirillyske_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirillyske alfabet">Sirillysk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#98FB98; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>taalbesibskip</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Taalfamylje" title="Taalfamylje">taalfamylje</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yndo-Jeropeeske_talen" title="Yndo-Jeropeeske talen">Yndo-Jeropeesk</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balto-Slavyske_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balto-Slavyske talen (noch net skreaun)">Balto-Slavysk</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Slavyske_talen" title="Slavyske talen">Slavysk</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastslavyske_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastslavyske talen (noch net skreaun)">Eastslavysk</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#98FB98; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>taalstatus</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Offisjele_taal" title="Offisjele taal">offisjele status</a></td> <td colspan="2">Offisjeel yn <a href="/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân">Ruslân</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan">Kazachstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgyzje" title="Kirgyzje">Kirgyzje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyt-Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Wyt-Ruslân">Wyt-Ruslân</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchaazje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abchaazje (noch net skreaun)">Abchaazje</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnystrje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transnystrje (noch net skreaun)">Transnystrje</a>. Ien fan de wurktalen fan de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Naasjes" title="Feriene Naasjes">Feriene Naasjes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#98FB98; color:#000000" align="center" colspan="3"><b>taalkoades</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-1</a></td> <td colspan="2">ru </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-2</a></td> <td colspan="2">rus </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639-3</a></td> <td colspan="2">rus </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>It <b>Russysk</b> (русский язык) is ien fan de grutste talen fan’e wrâld en de grutste kultuertaal yn Jeropa. It Russysk heart ta de <a href="/wiki/Yndo-Jeropeeske_talen" title="Yndo-Jeropeeske talen">Yndo-Jeropeeske</a> <a href="/wiki/Taalfamylje" title="Taalfamylje">taalfamylje</a>. Binnen dizze taalfamylje heart it ta de <a href="/wiki/Slavyske_taal" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavyske taal">Slavyske talen</a>. It Russysk foarmet tegearre mei it <a href="/wiki/Oekraynsk" title="Oekraynsk">Oekraynsk</a> en it <a href="/wiki/Wytrussysk" title="Wytrussysk">Wytrussysk</a> de East-Slavyske taalgroep. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_en_geografyske_fersprieding">Status en geografyske fersprieding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Dielside bewurkje: Status en geografyske fersprieding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Status en geografyske fersprieding"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It Russysk is de offisjele taal fan de <a href="/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân">Russyske Federraasje</a> en ien fan de wurktalen fan de <a href="/wiki/Feriene_Naasjes" title="Feriene Naasjes">FN</a>. Neist it Russysk wurdt yn Ruslân noch in hûnderttal oare talen sprutsen, wêrûnder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjetsjeensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjetsjeensk (noch net skreaun)">Tsjetsjeensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tataarsk" title="Tataarsk">Tataarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgizysk" title="Kirgizysk">Kirgizysk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basjkiersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basjkiersk (noch net skreaun)">Basjkiersk</a>. Yn de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Uny" title="Sovjet-Uny">Sovjet-Uny</a> waard it Russysk as <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> brûkt; yn guon eardere Sovjetrepubliken hat de taal dy status noch altyd, mar net mear sa bot as doe. </p><p>Russysk wurdt yn Jeropa û.o. sprutsen yn <a href="/wiki/Estl%C3%A2n" title="Estlân">Estlân</a> (neist <a href="/wiki/Estysk" title="Estysk">Estysk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Georgje" title="Georgje">Georgje</a> (neist <a href="/wiki/Georgysk" title="Georgysk">Georgysk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abgazysk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abgazysk (noch net skreaun)">Abgazysk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossetysk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossetysk (noch net skreaun)">Ossetysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeensk" title="Armeensk">Armeensk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turksk" title="Turksk">Turksk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Letl%C3%A2n" title="Letlân">Letlân</a> (neist <a href="/wiki/Letsk" title="Letsk">Letsk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a> (tegearre mei <a href="/wiki/Litousk" title="Litousk">Litousk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Poalsk" title="Poalsk">Poalsk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Republyk_Moldaavje" class="mw-redirect" title="Republyk Moldaavje">Moldaavje</a> (neist <a href="/wiki/Roemeensk" title="Roemeensk">Roemeensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oekraynsk" title="Oekraynsk">Oekraynsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaarsk" title="Bulgaarsk">Bulgaarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turksk" title="Turksk">Turksk</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gagaoezysk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gagaoezysk (noch net skreaun)">Gagaoezysk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> (neist <a href="/wiki/Oekraynsk" title="Oekraynsk">Oekraynsk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krim-Tataarsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krim-Tataarsk (noch net skreaun)">Krim-Tataarsk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gagaoezysk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gagaoezysk (noch net skreaun)">Gagaoezysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roemeensk" title="Roemeensk">Roemeensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hongaarsk" title="Hongaarsk">Hongaarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaarsk" title="Bulgaarsk">Bulgaarsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poalsk" title="Poalsk">Poalsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk">Dútsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloveensk" title="Sloveensk">Sloveensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wytrussysk" title="Wytrussysk">Wytrussysk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gryksk" title="Gryksk">Gryksk</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Wyt-Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Wyt-Ruslân">Wyt-Ruslân</a> (neist <a href="/wiki/Wytrussysk" title="Wytrussysk">Wytrussysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oekraynsk" title="Oekraynsk">Oekraynsk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Poalsk" title="Poalsk">Poalsk</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png/220px-SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png/330px-SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png/440px-SlovoOPolkuIgoreve.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption><i>It <a href="/wiki/Igorliet" title="Igorliet">Igorliet</a>, ien fan de âldst bekende literêre Russyske teksten.</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skiednis">Skiednis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Dielside bewurkje: Skiednis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Skiednis"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hja geane der fan út dat yn it twadde millennium foar Kr. binnen de <a href="/wiki/Yndo-Jeropeeske_talen" title="Yndo-Jeropeeske talen">Yndo-Jeropeeske</a> <a href="/wiki/Taalfamylje" title="Taalfamylje">taalfamylje</a> it Protoslavyske dialekt ûntstie, dat him losmakke hie út de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balto-Slavyske_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balto-Slavyske talen (noch net skreaun)">Balto-Slavyske</a> groep. Yn it earste millennium nei Kr. hat it Protoslavysk him transformearre yn it <a href="/wiki/Oerslavysk" title="Oerslavysk">Oerslavysk</a>. Yn de 6e-7e iuw foel de taal útien yn trije groepen dialekten: de <a href="/w/index.php?title=East-Slavyske_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East-Slavyske talen (noch net skreaun)">East-Slavyske</a>, de <a href="/wiki/West-Slavyske_talen" class="mw-redirect" title="West-Slavyske talen">West-Slavyske</a> en de <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BAd-Slavyske_talen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Súd-Slavyske talen (noch net skreaun)">Súd-Slavyske</a> groep. Ut de East-Slavyske dialekten ûntstienen yn de 14e-15e iuw it Russysk (Grutrussysk), it <a href="/wiki/Oekraynsk" title="Oekraynsk">Oekraynsk</a> (Lytsrussysk) en it <a href="/wiki/Wytrussysk" title="Wytrussysk">Wytrussysk</a>. Yn de 16e-17e iuw ûntstienen der Noard- en Súd-Russyske dialekten en Middelgrutrussyske oergongsdialekten. </p><p>De âldste skriftlike boarnen yn de skiednis fan it Russysk binne de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodeks_fan_Novgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodeks fan Novgorod (noch net skreaun)">Kodeks fan Novgorod</a> (earste kwart 11de iuw), it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostromir-evangeelje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostromir-evangeelje (noch net skreaun)">Ostromir-evangeelje</a> (1056/57) yn it Tsjerkeslavysk en koarte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bjirkebasttekst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bjirkebasttekst (noch net skreaun)">brieven op bjirkebast</a> (fan de 11de iuw ôf) yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldnovgorodsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldnovgorodsk (noch net skreaun)">Aldnovgorodsk dialekt</a>. Yn de midsiuwen waard de diskrepânsje tusken skreaune en sprutsen taal hieltiten grutter, trochdat men yn de literatuer in argaysk Russysk brûken bleaun dat sterk leunde op it <a href="/wiki/Tsjerkeslavysk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsjerkeslavysk">Tsjerkeslavysk</a>, wylst de sprutsen taal him fierder ûntwikkele. It autobiografyske "Libben" fan aartspreester <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avvakoem_Petrov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avvakoem Petrov (noch net skreaun)">Avvakoem Petrov</a> út de twadde helte fan de <a href="/wiki/17e_iuw" title="17e iuw">17e iuw</a> wie skreaun yn de sprutsen folkstaal en dêrmei it earste wurk fan de Russyske literatuer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/330px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/495px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/660px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Wrâldwiid brûken fan it Russysk</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Michail_Lomonosov" title="Michail Lomonosov">Michail Lomonosov</a> lei de grûnslach foar it moderne Russysk yn de twadde helt fan de 18e iuw; <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Karamzin" title="Nikolaj Karamzin">Nikolaj Karamzin</a> skoep ein <a href="/wiki/18e_iuw" title="18e iuw">18e iuw</a> de literêre noarm wêrop <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Poesjkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Poesjkin">Aleksandr Poesjkin</a> fierder bouwe koe. De hjoeddeiske Russyske literêre taal is om 1800 hinne ûntstien op basis fan it Moskouske dialekt. </p><p>Yn it Russysk kin men in protte lienwurden fine út it <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A2nsk" title="Frânsk">Frânsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk">Dútsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> en út Turkske talen, wêrûnder it <a href="/wiki/Tataarsk" title="Tataarsk">Tataarsk</a>. It Russysk hat in grutte ynfloed ûndergien fan it Tsjerkeslavysk, wat der ta laat hat dat noch altyd in soad saneamd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjerkeslavisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjerkeslavisme (noch net skreaun)">Tsjerkeslavismen</a> yn it moderne Russysk fûn wurde kinne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skaaimerken">Skaaimerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Dielside bewurkje: Skaaimerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Skaaimerken"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Dielside bewurkje: Alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabet"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It Russysk makket gebrûk fan in fariant fan it <a href="/wiki/Syrillyske_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrillyske alfabet">syrillyske alfabet</a>, dat yn syn hjoeddeiske foarm bestiet sûnt <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, doe’t it alfabet herfoarme waard en in pear lettertekens ôfskaft binne. De lêste grutte spellingherfoarming is trochfierd yn <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>. It hjoeddeiske Russyske alfabet hat 33 letters: </p> <table cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>А а</b></td> <td><b>Б б</b></td> <td><b>В в</b></td> <td><b>Г г</b></td> <td><b>Д д</b></td> <td><b>Е е</b></td> <td><b>Ё ё</b></td> <td><b>Ж ж</b></td> <td><b>З з</b></td> <td><b>И и</b></td> <td><b>Й й</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>К к</b></td> <td><b>Л л</b></td> <td><b>М м</b></td> <td><b>Н н</b></td> <td><b>О о</b></td> <td><b>П п</b></td> <td><b>Р р</b></td> <td><b>С с</b></td> <td><b>Т т</b></td> <td><b>У у</b></td> <td><b>Ф ф</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Х х</b></td> <td><b>Ц ц</b></td> <td><b>Ч ч</b></td> <td><b>Ш ш</b></td> <td><b>Щ щ</b></td> <td><b>ъ</b></td> <td><b>ы</b></td> <td><b>ь</b></td> <td><b>Э э</b></td> <td><b>Ю ю</b></td> <td><b>Я я</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonetyk_en_fonology">Fonetyk en fonology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Dielside bewurkje: Fonetyk en fonology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Fonetyk en fonology"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It Russyske klanksysteem hat fiif <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klinker_(klank)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klinker (klank) (noch net skreaun)">klinkers</a> en seisentritich <a href="/wiki/Byl%C3%BBd" class="mw-redirect" title="Bylûd">bylûden</a>. It Russyske klanksysteem hat twa kenmerkende eigenskippen: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fokaalreduksje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fokaalreduksje (noch net skreaun)">fokaalreduksje</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Fonology" title="Fonology">fonologyske</a> opposysje tusken "hurde" en "sêfte" bylûden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hurde_en_sêfte_bylûden"><span id="Hurde_en_s.C3.AAfte_byl.C3.BBden"></span>Hurde en sêfte bylûden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Dielside bewurkje: Hurde en sêfte bylûden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Hurde en sêfte bylûden"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De measte bylûden komme foar yn in saneamde hurde en sêfte (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisaasje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisaasje (noch net skreaun)">palatalisearre</a>) fariant. It ferskil tusken hurd en sêft is betsjuttingûnderskiedend en wjerspegelet him yn de stavering. By de útspraak fan in palatalisearre bylûd beweecht de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonge_(anatomy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonge (anatomy) (noch net skreaun)">tonge</a> him rjochting it hurde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferwulft_(anatomy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferwulft (anatomy) (noch net skreaun)">ferwulft</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatum (noch net skreaun)">palatum</a>), wêrtroch in lichte <i>j</i>-klank te hearren is. Sa klinkt de sêfte <i>n</i> lykas de <i>nj</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ynternasjonaal_Fonetysk_Alfabet" title="Ynternasjonaal Fonetysk Alfabet">ɲ</a>) yn it Fryske wurd "bra<i>nj</i>e". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fokaalreduksje">Fokaalreduksje</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Dielside bewurkje: Fokaalreduksje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Fokaalreduksje"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It beklamme wurdlid wurdt heallang útsprutsen, de ûnbeklamme wurdlidden koart. It <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klam (noch net skreaun)">wurdaksint</a> hat yn it Russysk grutte gefolgen foar de útspraak; dit ferskynsel wurdt Fokaalreduksje neamd. Troch fokaalreduksje falt in oantal bylûden bûten de klam gear en wurde se minder prononsearre, "doffer" útsprutsen. Reduksje tredet nei hurde bylûden op by de /o/ en de /a/ (dy’t gearfalle oant [a] of [ə]); nei sêfte bylûden falle /e/, /a/ en /i/ gear ta in koarte i. De /u/ en de <i>y</i> kenne gjin reduksje. </p><p>Hoe fierder in bylûd fan it beklamme wurdlid ôf stiet, nammenste mear hy bleatsteld wurdt oan reduksje, lûden nei de klam wurde meastentiids folslein redusearre. Sa wurdt in ûnbeklamme o útsprutsen as [a] at hy flak foar it beklamme wurdlid stiet; stiet hy fierder fuort, klinkt hy as [ə]. It wurd молокó ("molke") wurdt sadwaande útsprutsen as [məla'ko], вóдка ("wodka") as ['votkə]. Lûden oan it begjin fan in wurd wurde lykwols net folslein redusearre: автомáт klinkt as [aftamat]. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stimhawwende_en_stimleaze_bylûden"><span id="Stimhawwende_en_stimleaze_byl.C3.BBden"></span>Stimhawwende en stimleaze bylûden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Dielside bewurkje: Stimhawwende en stimleaze bylûden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Stimhawwende en stimleaze bylûden"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Krekt as yn it Nederlânsk wurde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stimhawwend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stimhawwend (noch net skreaun)">stimhawwende</a> bylûden oan’e ein fan in wurd stimleas; in wurd as хлеб (<i>chleb</i>, "brood") klinkt dêrtroch as <i>chlep</i>, юг (<i>joech</i>, "it suden") as <i>joek</i>. </p><p>As in stimhawwende en in stimleas bylûd botse tredet der saneamde <a href="/wiki/Assimilaasje_(taalkunde)" title="Assimilaasje (taalkunde)">regressive assimilaasje</a> op (regressyf = fan efter nei foaren). Dit wol sizze dat de hiele kluster ofwol stimhawwend wurdt, ofwol stimleas, bepaald troch it <i>lêste</i> bylûd. Under de seksje fokaalreduksje hjirboppe binne al twa foarbylden te finen: <i>dk</i> (stimhawwend-stimleas) wurdt [tk] (stimleas) yn водка, <i>vt</i> wurdt [ft] yn автомат. Oare foarbylden binne с Борисом ("mei Boris"), wêryn’t <i>sb</i> (stimleas-stimhawwend) as [zb] (stimhawwend) útsprutsen wurdt, en отзыв (û.o. "reaksje"), wêryn’t <i>tz</i> ta <i>dz</i> assimilearre wurdt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammatika">Grammatika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Dielside bewurkje: Grammatika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Grammatika"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It Russysk is een taal dy’t frijwat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fleksje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fleksje (noch net skreaun)">fleksje</a> ken; dit betsjut dat wurden feroarje neffens harren grammatikale funksje yn de sin. Hjir spylje de <a href="/wiki/Namfal" title="Namfal">namfallen</a> in kaairol. It hjoeddeiske Russysk hat seis namfallen: <a href="/wiki/Nominatyf" title="Nominatyf">nominatyf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genityf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genityf (noch net skreaun)">genityf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Datyf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datyf (noch net skreaun)">datyf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akkusatyf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akkusatyf (noch net skreaun)">akkusatyf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ynstrumintalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ynstrumintalis (noch net skreaun)">ynstrumintalis</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prepositionalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prepositionalis (noch net skreaun)">prepositionalis</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokatyf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokatyf (noch net skreaun)">lokatyf</a>. It Russysk hat trije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geslacht_(taalkunde)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geslacht (taalkunde) (noch net skreaun)">wurdgeslachten</a>: manlik, froulik en ûnsidich, dy’t yn’e regel <a href="/wiki/Morfology" title="Morfology">morfologysk</a> markearre binne. Yn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferb%C3%BBging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferbûging (noch net skreaun)">ferbûging</a> wurdt ûnderskied makke tusken de geslachten en tusken iental en meartal, wat resultearret yn in grut tal útgongen. It Russysk hat gjin <a href="/wiki/Lidwurd" title="Lidwurd">lidwurden</a>. </p><p>It Russyske <a href="/wiki/Tiidwurd" title="Tiidwurd">tiidwurd</a> hat trije <a href="/wiki/Tiid" title="Tiid">tiden</a>: de tsjintwurdige tiid, doetiid en takomstige tiid. De tsjintwurdige en takomstige tiid wurde bûgd mei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persoan_(taalkunde)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persoan (taalkunde) (noch net skreaun)">persoan</a> (1e, 2e, 3e) en getal; yn de doetiid wurdt ûnderskied makke tusken manlik, froulik, ûnsidich en meartal. Der binne twa typen bûgings, hoewol’t binnen dizze haadtypen ôfsûnderlike bûgings oanwiisd wurde kinne. It slimste ûndediel fan de Russyske grammatika is it saneamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiidwurdaspekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiidwurdaspekt (noch net skreaun)">aspekt</a>. Men ûnderskiedet it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ymperfektyf_aspekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ymperfektyf aspekt (noch net skreaun)">ymperfektive</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perfectyf_aspekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perfectyf aspekt (noch net skreaun)">perfektive</a> aspekt. De measte tiidwurden besteane yn twa farianten, in ymperfektive en in perfektive foarm, dy’t tegearre in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspektpear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspektpear (noch net skreaun)">aspektpear</a> neamd wurde. It ymperfektive aspekt besjocht de hanneling op himsels, it perfektive aspekt besjocht de hanneling yn in kontekst fan sitewaasjewikseling of resultaat. As yllustraasje: it tiidwoord "iepenje" bestiet yn twa foarmen <i>otkryvat'</i> (ymperfektyf) en <i>otkryt'</i> (perfektyf). Yn de sin "Ja dolgo <b>otkryval</b> dver', no ne <b>otkryl</b> jejo" ("Ik wie lang dwaande de doar te iepenjen mar haw him net iepen dien") wurdt foar de handeling fan it iepenjen it ymperfektive tiidwurd brûkt en foar it oanjaan fan it weibliuwen fan resultaat - it perfektive tiidwurd. </p><p>It Russysk is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=SVO-taal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVO-taal (noch net skreaun)">SVO-taal</a>, hoewol’ t de wurdfolchoarder net strikt fêstleit. It Russysk brûkt de wurdfolchoarder om ynformaasje binnen de sin hiërargysk te strukturearjen; dit wurdt by fersin faak oansjoen foar in frijere wurdfolchoarder. </p><p>It wurdaksint yn it Russysk hat gjin fêste regels en is faak ûnfoarspelber, it kin binnen in bûging ferspringe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transliteraasje">Transliteraasje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Dielside bewurkje: Transliteraasje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Transliteraasje"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Transliteraasje" title="Transliteraasje">transliteraasje</a> fan it Russyske <a href="/wiki/Namme" title="Namme">nammen</a> nei it <a href="/wiki/Frysk" title="Frysk">Frysk</a> giet sa: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background: #eee;"> <th>Letter </th> <th>Transliteraasje </th></tr> <tr> <td>А а </td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td>Б б </td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td>В в </td> <td>v </td></tr> <tr> <td>Г г </td> <td>g </td></tr> <tr> <td>Д д </td> <td>d </td></tr> <tr> <td>Е е </td> <td>je / e, sjoch noat 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ё ё </td> <td>jo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ж ж </td> <td>zj </td></tr> <tr> <td>З з </td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr> <td>И и </td> <td>i </td></tr> <tr> <td>Й й </td> <td>j </td></tr> <tr> <td>К к </td> <td>k </td></tr> <tr> <td>Л л </td> <td>l </td></tr> <tr> <td>М м </td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Н н </td> <td>n </td></tr> <tr> <td>О о </td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <td>П п </td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr> <td>Р р </td> <td>r </td></tr> <tr> <td>С с </td> <td>s </td></tr> <tr> <td>Т т </td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td>У у </td> <td>û <small>(foar in r better: oe)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ф ф </td> <td>f </td></tr> <tr> <td>Х х </td> <td>ch </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ц ц </td> <td>ts </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ч ч </td> <td>tsj </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ш ш </td> <td>sj </td></tr> <tr> <td>Щ щ </td> <td>sjtsj </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ъ ъ </td> <td>sjoch noat 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ы ы </td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ь ь </td> <td>sjoch noat 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Э э </td> <td>e </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ю ю </td> <td>jû <small>(foar in r better: joe)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Я я </td> <td>ja </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>noat 1: Е е: gauris transliterearre as 'e', mar faker eins de klank fan 'je' yn "jern" (dus bgl. we skriuwe "Aleksander", mar de útspraak is eins mear "Aljeksander")<br /> noat 2: Ъ ъ = it hurdteken, dat komt foar dat de foarôfgeande konsonant palatalisearre wurdt; kin beskôge wurde as in <a href="/wiki/Stomme_letter" title="Stomme letter">stomme letter</a> (palatalisaasje is koartsein dat der in j-klank efteroan komt, dus l-lj, m-mj, s-sj, ensfh.)<br /> noat 3: Ь ь = it sêftteken, dat soarget foar palatalisaasje fan 'e foarôfgeande konsonant; meastal beskôge as in stomme letter, soms werjûn troch in 'j' </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialekten">Dialekten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Dielside bewurkje: Dialekten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Dialekten"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn it Jeropeeske diel fan Ruslân ûnderskiedet men trochstrings trije dialektgroepen: Noard-, Sintraal- en Súd-Russyske dialekten. Wêrby’t de Sintraal-Russyske dialekten as oergongsdialekten beskôge wurde omdat dizze én Noard- én Súd-Russyske eleminten yn har hawwe. Hoewol’t it areaal fan dizze dialekten tige grutte ôfmjittings hat, binne de ferskillen mei it Standertrussysk (de Moskouske noarm) net sadanich, dat dialektsprekkers ûnfersteanber binne foar ien út Moskou. Yn dit opsicht binne de ferskillen net sa grut as yn it Nederlânske taalgebiet, dêr’t in soad minsken muoite hawwe om bygelyks <a href="/wiki/Grinsl%C3%A2nsk" title="Grinslânsk">Grinslânsk</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=West-Flaamsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West-Flaamsk (noch net skreaun)">West-Flaamsk</a> dialekt te ferstean. Middels unifikaasje troch it ûnderwiis yn de Sovjetperioade en de trek nei de stêden is der by in soad dialekten in seker ferfal yntreden; de jongste generaasje sprekt faak gjin suver dialekt mear, mar Standertrussysk mei dialekteleminten of mei in dialektsubstraat. Benammen op it mêd fan útspraak en yntonaasje besteane der oansjenlike ferskillen ten opsichte fan de Russyske standerttaal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noardrussyske_dialekten">Noardrussyske dialekten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Dielside bewurkje: Noardrussyske dialekten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Noardrussyske dialekten"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ten noardeasten fan de line <a href="/wiki/Ladogamar" title="Ladogamar">Ladogamar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jaroslavl" title="Jaroslavl">Jaroslavl</a> treft men dialekten oan dy’t as belangrykste kenmerk <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okanje (noch net skreaun)">okanje</a></i> (оканье - "<i>o</i> sizze") hawwe: de ûnbeklamme <i>o</i> wurdt net redusearre, mar útsprutsen as [o] (sjoch <a href="#Fokaalreduksje">de seksje fokaalreduksje</a>). Fierders binne kenmerkend in gutturale <i>g</i> en in hurde <i>t</i> yn de útgong fan de tredde persoan (iental en meartal) fan it tiidwurd (oerienkommend mei de standerttaal). Under de Noard-Russyske dialekten ûnderskiedet men as subgroepen: de dialektengroep fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladoga (noch net skreaun)">Ladoga</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tichvin" title="Tichvin">Tichvin</a>, fan <a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, fan <a href="/wiki/Vologda_(st%C3%AAd)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vologda (stêd)">Vologda</a>, fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onega_(st%C3%AAd)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onega (stêd) (noch net skreaun)">Onega</a> en fan <a href="/wiki/Belozersk" title="Belozersk">Belozersk</a>. </p><p>Oant ûngefear 1950 wykten de Noard-Russyske dialekten ek kwa leksikon sterk ôf fan wat men op oare plakken yn Ruslân spruts. Troch de isolearre lizzing fan in soad streken hienen benammen dizze dialekten in soad <a href="/wiki/Arga%C3%AFsme" title="Argaïsme">argaïsmen</a> hâlden. De dialekten dy’t yn de <a href="/wiki/Oeralberchtme" class="mw-redirect" title="Oeralberchtme">Oeral</a> sprutsen wurde kinne ek ta de Noard-Russyske groep rekkene wurde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sintraal_Russyske_dialekten">Sintraal Russyske dialekten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Dielside bewurkje: Sintraal Russyske dialekten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Sintraal Russyske dialekten"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De noardlike grins fan harren areaal rint fan <a href="/wiki/Sint-Petersburch" title="Sint-Petersburch">Sint-Petersburch</a> oer Novgorod en <a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a> oant <a href="/wiki/Nizjni_Novgorod" title="Nizjni Novgorod">Nizjni Novgorod</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjeboksary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjeboksary (noch net skreaun)">Tsjeboksary</a>, de súdlike grins rint fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velikije_Loeki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velikije Loeki (noch net skreaun)">Velikije Loeki</a> oer <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a> oant <a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>. Dizze dialekten binne oergongsdialekten. Yn it easten wurdt in ûnbeklamme <i>o</i> as [o] útsprutsen, yn it westen as in [a]; dit ferskynsel wurdt <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akanje (noch net skreaun)">akanje</a></i> (аканье - "<i>a</i> sizze") neamd. Men ûnderskiedet de folgjende groepen: West-Sintraal-Russysk fan <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, West-Sintraal-Russysk fan Novgorod, East-Sintraal-Russysk fan Moskou en omkriten, East-Sintraal-Russysk fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jegorevsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jegorevsk (noch net skreaun)">Jegorevsk</a> en omkriten, East-Sintraal-Russysk fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temnikov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temnikov (noch net skreaun)">Temnikov</a> en omkriten en East-Sintraal-Russysk fan it gebiet om <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Vladimir (stêd)">Vladimir</a> oant de <a href="/wiki/Wolga" title="Wolga">Wolga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Súdrussyske_dialekten"><span id="S.C3.BAdrussyske_dialekten"></span>Súdrussyske dialekten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Dielside bewurkje: Súdrussyske dialekten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Súdrussyske dialekten"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De areaalgrins fan dizze dialekten besuden Velikije Loeki rint oer <a href="/wiki/Rjazan" title="Rjazan">Rjazan</a> oant <a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>. Yn dizze dialekten wurdt de ûnbeklamme <i>a</i> as in [a] útsprutsen, ken men in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frikatyf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frikatyf (noch net skreaun)">frikative</a> <i>g</i> en in sêfte <i>t</i> yn de tredde persoan fan it tiidwurd, wêr’t de standerttaal in hurde <i>t</i> hat. Binnen dizze groep binne der trije subgroepen: de dialektengroep fan Rjazan, fan it <a href="/wiki/Dnjepr" title="Dnjepr">Dnjepr</a>-gebiet en fan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskol (noch net skreaun)">Oskol</a>. </p><p>Echt ôfwikende foarmen fan it Russysk fynt men benammen ûnder oare etnyske groepen yn de eartiidske <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Uny" title="Sovjet-Uny">Sovjet-Uny</a>. Yn de tiid fan it keizerryk waard der út Moskou wei in agressive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russifikaasje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russifikaasje (noch net skreaun)">russifikaasjepolityk</a> fierd, dy’t yn de Sovjettiid sa no en dan fuortset waard. Hjirfoar is it Russysk in soad te hearren yn benammen de stêden en ûnder de heech opliedene befolking. .Mei de Slavyske sustertalen it <a href="/wiki/Wytrussysk" title="Wytrussysk">Wytrussysk</a> en it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oekraysnk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oekraysnk (noch net skreaun)">Oekraysnk</a> foarme it Russysk de <a href="/wiki/Mingtaal" title="Mingtaal">mingtalen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trasjanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trasjanka (noch net skreaun)">Trasjanka</a> resp. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soerzjyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soerzjyk (noch net skreaun)">Soerzjyk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wikselwurking_mei_it_Nederlânsk"><span id="Wikselwurking_mei_it_Nederl.C3.A2nsk"></span>Wikselwurking mei it Nederlânsk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Dielside bewurkje: Wikselwurking mei it Nederlânsk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Wikselwurking mei it Nederlânsk"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nederlânsk_en_Dútsk_yn_de_Russyske_taal"><span id="Nederl.C3.A2nsk_en_D.C3.BAtsk_yn_de_Russyske_taal"></span>Nederlânsk en Dútsk yn de Russyske taal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Dielside bewurkje: Nederlânsk en Dútsk yn de Russyske taal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Nederlânsk en Dútsk yn de Russyske taal"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Troch de ynteresse fan <a href="/wiki/Tsaar" title="Tsaar">tsaar</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Grutte" title="Peter de Grutte">Peter de Grutte</a> yn de Nederlânske <a href="/wiki/Skipfeart" title="Skipfeart">skipfeart</a> binne der meardere <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A2nsk" title="Nederlânsk">Nederlânske</a> wurden (skipfearttermen) yn it Russysk belanne: </p> <div class="editmode" style="width:30%; float:left; padding:0 3% 0 0; border:none; overflow:hidden; clear:left;"> <ul><li><i>актёр</i> (aktjor) – akteur</li> <li><i>аптека</i> (aptjeka) - apteek</li> <li><i>балкон</i> (balkon) - balkon</li> <li><i>батат</i> (batat) - patat</li> <li><i>библиотека</i> (bibliotjeka) – bibleteek</li> <li><i>боцман</i> (botsman) - boatsman</li> <li><i>брюки</i> (brjoeki – net mv.) - broek</li> <li><i>ватерпас</i> (waterpas) - wetterpas</li> <li><i>галстук</i> (galstoek = halsdoek) - strik</li> <li><i>герцог</i> (gertsog) – hartoch</li> <li><i>кабельтов</i> (kabeltof) – kabeltou</li> <li><i>каюта</i> (kajoeta) - kajút</li> <li><i>контора</i> (kantora) - kantoar</li> <li><i>кафе</i> (kafe) - kafee</li> <li><i>кофе</i> (kofe) - kofje</li> <li><i>шлюз</i> (sjljoez) - slús</li> <li><i>шнур</i> (sjnoer) - snoer</li> <li><i>штевень</i> (sjteven) - stjûn</li> <li><i>киль</i> (kil) - kyl</li> <li><i>трюм</i> (trjoem) - rom</li></ul> </div> <div class="editmode" style="width:30%; float:left; padding:0 3% 0 0; border:none; overflow:hidden;"> <ul><li><i>мебель</i> (mjebel) - meubels</li> <li><i>мода</i> (moda) - moade</li> <li><i>музыкант</i> (moezikant) - musikant</li> <li><i>номер</i> (nomer) - nûmer</li> <li><i>пассажир</i> (passazjir) - passazjier</li> <li><i>результат</i> (rezoeltat) - fertuten</li> <li><i>роман</i> (roman) - roman</li> <li><i>спортзал</i> (sportzal) - sportseal</li> <li><i>стадион</i> (stadion) - stadion</li> <li><i>стул</i> (stoel) - stoel</li> <li><i>табак</i> (tabak) - tabak</li> <li><i>театр</i> (teatr) - teater</li> <li><i>трап</i> (trap) - trep</li> <li><i>университет</i> (oeniwersitjet) - universiteit</li> <li><i>фабрика</i> (fabrika) - fabryk</li> <li><i>фейерверк</i> (fejerwerk) - fjoerwurk</li> <li><i>ромп</i> (romp) - romp</li> <li><i>капитан</i> (kapitan) - kapitein</li> <li><i>штурман</i> (sjtoerman) - stjoerman</li> <li><i>трос</i> (tros) - trosse</li> <li><i>швабра</i> (zwabbra) - swabber</li></ul> </div> <div class="editmode" style="width:30%; float:left; padding:0 3% 0 0; border:none; overflow:hidden;"> <ul><li><i>флаг</i> (flag) - flagge</li> <li><i>флагшток</i> (flagsjtok) – flaggestôk</li> <li><i>шкипер</i> (sjkiper) - skipper</li> <li><i>школа</i> (sjkola) – skoalle</li> <li><i>штраф</i> (sjtraf) - boete</li> <li><i>норд</i> (nord - skeepvaart) - noard</li> <li><i>ост</i> (ost - skeepvaart) - east</li> <li><i>зюйд</i> (zjoed - skeepvaart) - súd</li> <li><i>вест</i> (west - skeepvaart) – west</li> <li><i>портрет</i> (portret) - portret</li> <li><i>студент</i> (stoedent) - studint</li> <li><i>банкрот</i> (bankrot) - bankrot</li> <li><i>реклама</i> (reklama) – reklame</li> <li><i>прейскурант</i> (preiskoerant) - priislist</li> <li><i>мачта</i> (matsjta) - mêst</li> <li><i>вымпел</i> (vympel) - wimpel</li> <li><i>матрос</i> (matros) - matroas</li> <li><i>якорь</i> (jakor) - anker</li></ul> </div><p><br clear="left" /> </p><p>Der is ek in oantal <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk">Dútske</a> wurden yn de Russyske taal terjochte komd: </p> <ul><li>Schlagbaum - шлагбаум</li> <li>Rucksack - рюкзак</li> <li>Butterbrot (Dútsk: stik bôle) - бутерброд</li> <li>Perückenmacher (Dútsk: prúkmakker) - парикмахер (kapper)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russyske_wurden_yn_it_Frysk">Russyske wurden yn it Frysk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Dielside bewurkje: Russyske wurden yn it Frysk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Russyske wurden yn it Frysk"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der binne ek inkele Russyske wurden yn it Frysk terjochte komd. Dit binne benammen wurden dy’t mei typysk Russyske saken te krijen hawwe, mar net allinnich dêrtroch: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasnost (noch net skreaun)">glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perestrojka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perestrojka (noch net skreaun)">perestrojka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matroesjka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matroesjka (noch net skreaun)">matroesjka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doerak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doerak (noch net skreaun)">doerak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oekaze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oekaze (noch net skreaun)">oekaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolk_(berop)" title="Tolk (berop)">tolk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yntelligintsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yntelligintsia (noch net skreaun)">yntelligintsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romtefarder" title="Romtefarder">kosmonaut</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sjoch_ek">Sjoch ek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Dielside bewurkje: Sjoch ek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Sjoch ek"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mat_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mat (taal) (noch net skreaun)">Mat</a> (obsene folkstaal fan it Russysk)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keppeling_om_utens">Keppeling om utens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Dielside bewurkje: Keppeling om utens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewurkje seksje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russysk&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Keppeling om utens"><span>boarne bewurkje</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Russysk">(ru) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?&L1=2&L2=24&sendcookielangs=1">multitran: Russisch-Nederlânsk wurdboek online</a> - mei alternative skriuwwizen</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Russysk">(ru) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sokr.ru/">sokr: zoekfunctie voor Russyske ôfkoartings</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Ingelsk">(in) </span> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Russian">Russian Phrasebook at Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Ingelsk">(in) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freelanguagecourses.com/language/russian/princeton-russian-course-51/">Free Princeton Russian Course Download</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Ingelsk">(in) </span> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Russian_Swadesh_list">Russyske Swadeshlist</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Taal: Gryksk">(gry) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pushkin.gr/">It Pushkin Ynstitút yn Atene - Russysk yn Grikelân</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table style="margin-top:1em; width:100%; align:right; clear:both;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ofbyld:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/68px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/90px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td>Dizze taal hat syn eigen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedy</a>. Sjoch de <i><b><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">Russyske ferzje</a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Opfrege fan "<a dir="ltr" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russysk&oldid=1147671">https://fy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russysk&oldid=1147671</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wiki:Kategoryen" title="Wiki:Kategoryen">Kategoryen</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Russysk" title="Kategory:Russysk">Russysk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Slavyske_talen" title="Kategory:Slavyske talen">Slavyske talen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Russen" title="Kategory:Russen">Russen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Kategory:Taal yn Ruslân">Taal yn Ruslân</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Abgaazje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Abgaazje">Taal yn Abgaazje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Armeenje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Armeenje">Taal yn Armeenje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Azerbeidzjan" title="Kategory:Taal yn Azerbeidzjan">Taal yn Azerbeidzjan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Bulgarije" title="Kategory:Taal yn Bulgarije">Taal yn Bulgarije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Estl%C3%A2n" title="Kategory:Taal yn Estlân">Taal yn Estlân</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Finl%C3%A2n" title="Kategory:Taal yn Finlân">Taal yn Finlân</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Georgje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Georgje">Taal yn Georgje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Grikel%C3%A2n" title="Kategory:Taal yn Grikelân">Taal yn Grikelân</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Kazachstan" title="Kategory:Taal yn Kazachstan">Taal yn Kazachstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Kirgyzje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Kirgyzje">Taal yn Kirgyzje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Letl%C3%A2n" title="Kategory:Taal yn Letlân">Taal yn Letlân</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Litouwen" title="Kategory:Taal yn Litouwen">Taal yn Litouwen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Moldaavje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Moldaavje">Taal yn Moldaavje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Mongoalje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Mongoalje">Taal yn Mongoalje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_de_Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Kategory:Taal yn de Oekraïne">Taal yn de Oekraïne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Oezbekistan" title="Kategory:Taal yn Oezbekistan">Taal yn Oezbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Poalen" title="Kategory:Taal yn Poalen">Taal yn Poalen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Roemeenje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Roemeenje">Taal yn Roemeenje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Sina" title="Kategory:Taal yn Sina">Taal yn Sina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Slowakije" title="Kategory:Taal yn Slowakije">Taal yn Slowakije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_S%C3%BAd-Osseesje" title="Kategory:Taal yn Súd-Osseesje">Taal yn Súd-Osseesje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Tadzjikistan" title="Kategory:Taal yn Tadzjikistan">Taal yn Tadzjikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Turkmenistan" title="Kategory:Taal yn Turkmenistan">Taal yn Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategory:Taal_yn_Wyt-Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Kategory:Taal yn Wyt-Ruslân">Taal yn Wyt-Ruslân</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dizze side is it lêst bewurke op 26 feb 2024 om 09.02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beskikber ûnder de lisinsje <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fy">Creative Commons Nammefermelding-Lyk diele</a>; der kinne oanfoljende betingsten fan tapassing wêze. 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