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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stádas_na_Rúisise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Stádas na Rúisise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stádas_na_Rúisise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_Rúisis_mar_theanga_Shlavach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_Rúisis_mar_theanga_Shlavach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>An Rúisis mar theanga Shlavach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_Rúisis_mar_theanga_Shlavach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tionchar_na_dTeangacha_Eile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tionchar_na_dTeangacha_Eile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tionchar na dTeangacha Eile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tionchar_na_dTeangacha_Eile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stair_na_Rúisise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stair_na_Rúisise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stair na Rúisise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stair_na_Rúisise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litríocht_na_Rúisise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litríocht_na_Rúisise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litríocht na Rúisise</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Litríocht_na_Rúisise-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Litríocht na Rúisise subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Litríocht_na_Rúisise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ré_Órga_na_Litríochta_Rúisise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ré_Órga_na_Litríochta_Rúisise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ré Órga na Litríochta Rúisise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ré_Órga_na_Litríochta_Rúisise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tagairtí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tagairtí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tagairtí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tagairtí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naisc_sheachtracha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naisc_sheachtracha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Naisc sheachtracha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naisc_sheachtracha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Clár ábhair" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">An Rúisis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 252 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аурыс бызшәа – Abcáisis" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аурыс бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abcáisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – Adaigéis" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adaigéis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russies" title="Russies – Afracáinis" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afracáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – Gearmáinis Eilvéiseach" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Gearmáinis Eilvéiseach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – Altaeis an Deiscirt" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Altaeis an Deiscirt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="መስኮብኛ – Amáiris" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መስኮብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amáiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiya_a_Sowal" title="Rosiya a Sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rosiya a Sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – Aragóinis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragóinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Russisc sprǣc – Sean-Bhéarla" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Sean-Bhéarla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Aingícis" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Aingícis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الروسية – Araibis" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Araibis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ – Aramais" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="روسية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="روسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰুছ ভাষা – Asaimis" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰুছ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asaimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu – Astúiris" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma rusu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astúiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀурус мацӀ – Aváiris" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀурус мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Aváiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiava" title="Rossiava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossiava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Avaidis" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Avaidis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_aru" title="Rusi aru – Aidhmiris" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusi aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aidhmiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – Asarbaiseáinis" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Asarbaiseáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روس دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урыҫ теле – Baiscíris" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урыҫ теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baiscíris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – Bailís" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bailís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sproch" title="Russische Sproch – Baváiris" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Baváiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosu_kalba" title="Rosu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruso" title="Ruso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова – Bealarúisis" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Bealarúisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Расейская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расейская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rus" title="Basa Rus – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Rus" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език – Bulgáiris" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgáiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toktok_Rusia" title="Toktok Rusia – Bioslaimis" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Toktok Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bioslaimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রুশ ভাষা – Beangáilis" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Beangáilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད། – Tibéidis" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibéidis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusianeg" title="Rusianeg – Briotáinis" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusianeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Briotáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – Boisnis" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boisnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Rusia" title="Saro Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Орос хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Орос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – Catalóinis" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalóinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Оьрсийн мотт – Seisnis" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оьрсийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Seisnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – Seabúáinis" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Seabúáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hk%C8%AFhehetanetse" title="Náhkȯhehetanetse – Siáinis" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Náhkȯhehetanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Siáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕووسی – Coirdis Lárnach" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕووسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Coirdis Lárnach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Corsaicis" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsaicis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – Seicis" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Seicis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Rusczi jãzëk – Caisiúibis" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rusczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Caisiúibis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Slavais na hEaglaise" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slavais na hEaglaise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вырăс чĕлхи – Suvaisis" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вырăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Suvaisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwseg" title="Rwseg – Breatnais" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Breatnais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog) – Danmhairgis" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Russisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danmhairgis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – Gearmáinis" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Gearmáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski" title="Ruski – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ruski" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Rusojska rěc – Sorbais Íochtarach" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbais Íochtarach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Rusia" title="Boros Rusia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ރޫސީ – Divéihis" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divéihis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρωσική γλώσσα – Gréigis" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Gréigis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3ss" title="Róss – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Róss" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – Béarla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Béarla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_lingvo" title="Rusa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – Spáinnis" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spáinnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene_keel" title="Vene keel – Eastóinis" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eastóinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera – Bascais" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Bascais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان روسی – Peirsis" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Peirsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisinkoore" title="Riisinkoore – Fuláinis" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Riisinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fuláinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_kieli" title="Venäjän kieli – Fionlainnis" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fionlainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinne_kiil" title="Vinne kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinne kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Russiskt mál – Faróis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faróis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Fraincis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fraincis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo" title="Russo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCsk_spriak" title="Rüsk spriak – Freaslainnis an Tuaiscirt" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rüsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Freaslainnis an Tuaiscirt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_russe" title="Lenghe russe – Friúilis" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe russe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friúilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russysk" title="Russysk – Freaslainnis Iartharach" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Russysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Freaslainnis Iartharach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – Sínis Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Sínis Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ris" title="Ris – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ris" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruisis" title="Ruisis – Gaeilge na hAlban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruisis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeilge na hAlban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rusa" title="Lingua rusa – Gailísis" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gailísis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="رۊسي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrusia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Rrusiañe'ẽ – Guaráinis" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrusiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaráinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooshish" title="Rooshish – Manainnis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooshish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashanci" title="Rashanci – Hásais" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rashanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hásais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî – Haicéis" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Haicéis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_L%C5%ABkini" title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini – Haváis" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Haváis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רוסית – Eabhrais" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Eabhrais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Hiondúis" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hiondúis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_bhasa" title="Russi bhasa – Hiondúis Fhidsí" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hiondúis Fhidsí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – Cróitis" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Cróitis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Rušćina – Sorbais Uachtarach" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rušćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbais Uachtarach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_ris" title="Lang ris – Críol Háítí" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang ris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Críol Háítí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosz_nyelv" title="Orosz nyelv – Ungáiris" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orosz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungáiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերեն – Airméinis" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Airméinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russe" title="Lingua russe – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua russe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Rusia" title="Jaku Rusia – Ibeainis" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibeainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Indinéisis" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indinéisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusitun_uqautchiq" title="Uruusitun uqautchiq – Iniúipiaicis" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusitun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Iniúipiaicis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Ruso" title="Pagsasao a Ruso – Ileacáinis" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Ruso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ileacáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эрсий мотт – Iongúis" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Iongúis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo – Ídis" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusa linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ídis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska – Íoslainnis" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Íoslainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Iodáilis" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Iodáilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ロシア語 – Seapáinis" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Seapáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshan_languij" title="Roshan languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roshan languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukybau" title="rukybau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ruslan" title="Basa Ruslan – Iáivis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iáivis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ენა – Seoirsis" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Seoirsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – Cara-Chalpáis" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Chalpáis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_tarusit" title="Tutlayt tarusit – Caibílis" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Caibílis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – Cabairdis" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabairdis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshiya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Roshiya (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshiya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusia" title="Kirusia – Congóis" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kirusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Congóis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі – Casaicis" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орыс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casaicis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី – Ciméiris" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Ciméiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ – Cannadais" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어 – Cóiréis" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Cóiréis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – Caraicí-Balcáiris" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Caraicí-Balcáiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روٗسی زَبان – Caismíris" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Caismíris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_r%C3%BBs%C3%AE" title="Zimanê rûsî – Coirdis" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê rûsî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Coirdis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – Coimis" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Coimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russek" title="Russek – Coirnis" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Coirnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Орус тили – Cirgisis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орус тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Russica" title="Lingua Russica – Laidin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Russica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Laidin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Laidínis" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Laidínis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russesch" title="Russesch – Lucsambuirgis" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lucsambuirgis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Оьрус маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Оьрус маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Урус чӀал – Leisgis" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урус чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Leisgis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusce_(lingua)" title="Rusce (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Liombuirgis" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Liombuirgis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ruscia" title="Lengua ruscia – Liogúiris" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liogúiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_rus" title="Lingaz rus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz rus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – Lombairdis" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombairdis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ – Laoisis" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba – Liotuáinis" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Liotuáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABvu_vol%C5%ABda" title="Krīvu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīvu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievu_valoda" title="Krievu valoda – Laitvis" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Laitvis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Maitilis" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maitilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кяль – Mocsais" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рузонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mocsais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_rosiana" title="Fiteny rosiana – Malagáisis" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rosiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagáisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Руш йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABhia" title="Reo Rūhia – Maorais" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maorais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Rusia" title="Bahaso Rusia – Míneangcababhais" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Míneangcababhais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски јазик – Macadóinis" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macadóinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ – Mailéalaimis" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Mailéalaimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл – Mongóilis" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongóilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manapúiris" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manapúiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रशियन भाषा – Maraitis" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Maraitis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Руш йӹлмӹ – Mairis Iartharach" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руш йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Mairis Iartharach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Malaeis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaeis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa – Máltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Russa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Máltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား – Burmais" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кель – Éirsis" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Рузонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Éirsis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – Mázandaráinis" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mázandaráinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – Napóilis" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napóilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Spraak" title="Russische Spraak – Gearmáinis Íochtarach" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Gearmáinis Íochtarach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Sacsainis Íochtarach" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsainis Íochtarach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रुसी भाषा – Neipeailis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Neipeailis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – Néamharais" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Néamharais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Ollainnis" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Ollainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – Nua-Ioruais" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nua-Ioruais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – Bocmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bocmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusum" title="Rusum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serussian" title="Serussian – Sútúis an Tuaiscirt" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Serussian" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sútúis an Tuaiscirt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_bizaad" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad – Navachóis" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navachóis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – Ocsatáinis" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsatáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27an_kieli" title="Ven'an kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'an kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уырыссаг æвзаг – Oiséitis" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уырыссаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oiséitis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Puinseáibis" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Puinseáibis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_R%C3%BAso" title="Salitan Rúso – Pangasaíneánais" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Rúso" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasaíneánais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiano" title="Rusiano – Paipeamaintis" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusiano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Paipeamaintis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rushan" title="Rushan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rushan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski – Polainnis" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język rosyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_russa" title="Lenga russa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga russa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روسي ژبه – Paistis" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paistis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_russa" title="Língua russa – Portaingéilis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portaingéilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusu_simi" title="Rusu simi – Ceatsuais" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Ceatsuais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Rómainis" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Rómainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusikani_chhib" title="Rusikani chhib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusikani chhib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă – Rómáinis" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rómáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_russe" title="Lènga russe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga russe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Русский язык – Rúisis" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rúisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Російскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Російскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusiya" title="Kirusiya – Ciniaruaindis" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kirusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Ciniaruaindis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसीभाषा – Sanscrait" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रूसीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrait" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нуучча тыла – Sachais" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нуучча тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sachais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santáilis" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santáilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_russa" title="Limba russa – Sairdínis" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba russa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sairdínis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – Sicilis" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie_leid" title="Roushie leid – Albainis" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Albainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="روسي ٻولي – Sindis" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1agiella" title="Ruoššagiella – Sáimis an Tuaiscirt" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruoššagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sáimis an Tuaiscirt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – Seirbea-Chróitis" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Seirbea-Chróitis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tarusit" title="Tutlayt Tarusit – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – Slóvaicis" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slóvaicis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ruščina – Slóivéinis" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slóivéinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Rusia" title="Faʻa Rusia – Samóis" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samóis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C3%A2kiel%C3%A2" title="Ruošâkielâ – Sáimis Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruošâkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Sáimis Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirhashiya" title="Chirhashiya – Seoinis" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Seoinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ruush" title="Af-Ruush – Somáilis" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ruush" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somáilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse – Albáinis" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha ruse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски језик – Seirbis" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Seirbis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusitongo" title="Rusitongo – Suranaimis" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusitongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Suranaimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – Sundais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska – Sualainnis" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sualainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusi" title="Kirusi – Svahaílis" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kirusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahaílis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ruskŏ gŏdka – Siléisis" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ruskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Siléisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உருசிய மொழி – Tamailis" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamailis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="రష్యన్ భాష – Teileagúis" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teileagúis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-rusu" title="Lia-rusu – Teitimis" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-rusu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Teitimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони русӣ – Taidsícis" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони русӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Taidsícis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย – Téalainnis" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Téalainnis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – Tuircméinis" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tuircméinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso – Tagálaigis" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ruso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagálaigis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi_zyvon" title="Urusi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Rasia" title="Tok Rasia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça – Tuircis" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tuircis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле – Tatairis" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рус теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatairis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABtia" title="Reo Rūtia – Taihítis" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Taihítis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Орус дыл – Túvainis" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Орус дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Túvainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Ӟуч кыл – Udmairtis" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟуч кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmairtis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="رۇس تىلى – Uigiúiris" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uigiúiris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Російська мова – Úcráinis" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Російська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Úcráinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روسی زبان – Urdúis" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdúis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – Úisbéiceastáinis" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Úisbéiceastáinis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_rusa" title="Łéngua rusa – Veinéisis" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua rusa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Veinéisis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4n_kel%27" title="Venän kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venän kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga" title="Tiếng Nga – Vítneaimis" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vítneaimis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – Pléimeannais Iartharach" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Pléimeannais Iartharach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Rusänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsse_(lingaedje)" title="Rûsse (lingaedje) – Vallúnais" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsse (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Vallúnais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – Uairéis" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Uairéis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – Sínis Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Sínis Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Орс келн – Cailmícis" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орс келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Cailmícis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9" title="רוסיש – Giúdais" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Giúdais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Èdè Rọ́síà – Iarúibis" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iarúibis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ – Tamaisis Chaighdeánach Mharacó" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamaisis Chaighdeánach Mharacó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – Sínis" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sínis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a-g%C3%AD" title="Lō͘-se-a-gí – Sínis Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Sínis Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文 – Cantainis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantainis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiRashiya" title="IsiRashiya – Súlúis" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Súlúis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Athraigh na naisc idirtheanga" class="wbc-editpage">Athraigh naisc</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ainmspásanna"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/wiki/Speisialta:WhatLinksHere/An_R%C3%BAisis" title="Liosta de gach leathanach sa vicí ina bhfuil nasc chuig an leathanach seo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Cad a nascann anseo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speisialta:RecentChangesLinked/An_R%C3%BAisis" rel="nofollow" title="Na hathruithe is déanaí ar leathanaigh a nascaíonn chuig an leathanach seo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Athruithe gaolmhara</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speisialta:SpecialPages" title="Liosta de gach leathanach speisialta [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Leathanaigh speisialta</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&oldid=1209806" title="Nasc buan leis an leagan seo den leathanach seo"><span>Nasc buan</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Eolas faoin leathanach</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:CiteThisPage&page=An_R%C3%BAisis&id=1209806&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Eolas maidir le conas an leathanach seo a lua"><span>Luaigh an lch seo</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fga.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAn_R%25C3%25BAisis"><span>Faigh URL giorraithe</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fga.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAn_R%25C3%25BAisis"><span>Íoslódáil cód QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Priontáil/easpórtáil </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=An+R%C3%BAisis"><span>Cruthaigh leabhar</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speisialta:DownloadAsPdf&page=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=show-download-screen"><span>Íoslódáil mar PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&printable=yes" title="Leagan inphriontáilte an leathanaigh seo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Leagan inphriontáilte</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I dtionscadail eile </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1005" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Mír Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Cuma"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuma</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">folaigh</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ón Vicipéid, an chiclipéid shaor.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ga" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>An Rúisis</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;font-size:110%;"><span lang="ru">русский язык‎</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:Russian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russian.svg/300px-Russian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russian.svg/450px-Russian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russian.svg/600px-Russian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Cineál</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1288568" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1288568">teanga bheo</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34770" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q34770">teanga</a> agus <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33742" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q33742">teanga nádúrtha</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Úsáid</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Cainteoirí dúchais</th><td class="infobox-data">154,000,000 (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Dúchasach do</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAisigh" title="Rúisigh">Rúisigh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Stáit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/An_R%C3%BAis" title="An Rúis">an Rúis</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1in" title="An Ghearmáin">an Ghearmáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Chasacst%C3%A1in" title="An Chasacstáin">an Chasacstáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iosrael" title="Iosrael">Iosrael</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Mhong%C3%B3il" title="An Mhongóil">an Mhongóil</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A1it_Aontaithe_Mheirice%C3%A1" title="Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá">Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceanada" title="Ceanada">Ceanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Bhealar%C3%BAis" title="An Bhealarúis">an Bhealarúis</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Chirgeast%C3%A1in" title="An Chirgeastáin">an Chirgeastáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Asarbaise%C3%A1in" title="An Asarbaiseáin">an Asarbaiseáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_East%C3%B3in" title="An Eastóin">an Eastóin</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_tSeoirsia" title="An tSeoirsia">an tSeoirsia</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Laitvia" title="An Laitvia">an Laitvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Liotu%C3%A1in" title="An Liotuáin">an Liotuáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_Mhold%C3%B3iv" title="An Mholdóiv">an Mholdóiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_T%C3%A1ids%C3%ADceast%C3%A1in" title="An Táidsíceastáin">an Táidsíceastáin</a>, <a href="/wiki/An_%C3%9Acr%C3%A1in" title="An Úcráin">an Úcráin</a> agus <a href="/wiki/An_%C3%9Aisb%C3%A9iceast%C3%A1in" title="An Úisbéiceastáin">an Úisbéiceastáin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/300px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/450px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/600px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Aicmiú teangeolaíoch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">teanga dhaonna</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Na_teangacha_Ind-Eorpacha" title="Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha">teangacha Ind-Eorpacha</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147356" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q147356">teangacha Bailt-Slavacha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teangacha_Slavacha" title="Teangacha Slavacha">teangacha Slavacha</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q144713" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q144713">teangacha Slavacha oirthearacha</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Tréithe</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3ras_scr%C3%ADbhneoireachta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Córas scríbhneoireachta (níl an leathanach ann)">Córas scríbhneoireachta</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187846" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q187846">Russian alphabet</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187846?uselang=ga" title="Aistrigh"><img alt="Aistrigh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> agus <a href="/wiki/Aib%C3%ADtir_Choireallach" title="Aibítir Choireallach">Aibítir Choireallach</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Liosta_Institi%C3%BAid%C3%AD_Plean%C3%A1la_Teanga_ar_fud_an_Domhain" title="Liosta Institiúidí Pleanála Teanga ar fud an Domhain">Institiúid caighdeánaithe</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1381038" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1381038">Russian Language Institute</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1381038?uselang=ga" title="Aistrigh"><img alt="Aistrigh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Staidéar ag</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375470" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q375470">Russian studies</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375470?uselang=ga" title="Aistrigh"><img alt="Aistrigh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> agus <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4261898" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4261898">Russian linguistics</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4261898?uselang=ga" title="Aistrigh"><img alt="Aistrigh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Leibhéal leochaileachta</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20672086" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20672086">1 sábháilte</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Stair</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1158918" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1158918">history of the Russian language</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1158918?uselang=ga" title="Aistrigh"><img alt="Aistrigh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Cóid</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639 (níl an leathanach ann)">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td class="infobox-data">ru</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data">rus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rus">rus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/russ1263">russ1263</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Linguasphere</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=53-AAA-ea">53-AAA-ea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rus">rus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">3402</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">ru</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Teanga_(cumars%C3%A1id)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teanga (cumarsáid)">Teanga</a> <a href="/wiki/Teangacha_Slavacha" title="Teangacha Slavacha">Shlavach</a> is ea an <b>Rúisis</b> (<i><span lang="ru">русский язык</span></i>; <span title="Léiriú san Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta (AIF)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">['ru.skʲi jɪ.'zɨk]</span>) a bhfuil níos mó cainteoirí aici ná ag aon teanga eile san <a href="/wiki/An_Eoraip" title="An Eoraip">Eoraip</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Áit_na_Rúisise_i_measc_theangacha_an_domhain"><span id=".C3.81it_na_R.C3.BAisise_i_measc_theangacha_an_domhain"></span>Áit na Rúisise i measc theangacha an domhain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Áit na Rúisise i measc theangacha an domhain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Áit na Rúisise i measc theangacha an domhain"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ceann de na <a href="/wiki/Na_teangacha_Ind-Eorpacha" title="Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha">teangacha Ind-Eorpacha</a> is ea an Rúisis, agus mar sin tá gaol aici leis an t<a href="/wiki/An_tSanscrait" title="An tSanscrait">Sanscrait</a>, leis an n<a href="/wiki/An_Ghr%C3%A9igis" title="An Ghréigis">Gréigis</a> agus leis an <a href="/wiki/An_Laidin" title="An Laidin">Laidin</a>, chomh maith leis na teangacha nua-aimseartha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gearm%C3%A1inic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gearmáinic (níl an leathanach ann)">Gearmáinice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teangacha_R%C3%B3m%C3%A1nsacha" title="Teangacha Rómánsacha">Rómánsacha</a> agus <a href="/wiki/Teangacha_Ceilteacha" title="Teangacha Ceilteacha">Ceilteacha</a>, an <a href="/wiki/An_B%C3%A9arla" title="An Béarla">Béarla</a>, an <a href="/wiki/An_Fhraincis" title="An Fhraincis">Fhraincis</a> agus an <a href="/wiki/An_Ghaeilge" title="An Ghaeilge">Ghaeilge</a> san áireamh. Dearbhaítear go bhfuil samplaí scríofa ann ón <a href="/wiki/10%C3%BA_haois" title="10ú haois">10ú haois</a> ar aghaidh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stádas_na_Rúisise"><span id="St.C3.A1das_na_R.C3.BAisise"></span>Stádas na Rúisise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Stádas na Rúisise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Stádas na Rúisise"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cé go bhfuil cuid mhaith dá seanstruchtúr táite infhillte agus go leor focal ón b<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%B3ta-Shlaivis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Próta-Shlaivis (níl an leathanach ann)">Próta-Shlaivis</a> ann fós, tá go leor focal idirnáisiúnta sa Rúisis nua-aimseartha a bhaineann leis an b<a href="/wiki/Polait%C3%ADocht" title="Polaitíocht">polaitíocht</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht" title="Eolaíocht">eolaíocht</a> agus an <a href="/wiki/Teicneola%C3%ADocht" title="Teicneolaíocht">teicneolaíocht</a>. Bhí tábhacht pholaitiúil an-mhór ag an teanga san <a href="/wiki/20%C3%BA_haois" title="20ú haois">20ú haois</a>, agus tá sí ar ceann den sé <a href="/wiki/Teanga_oifigi%C3%BAil" title="Teanga oifigiúil">theanga oifigiúil</a> a úsáideann <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAin_Aontaithe" class="mw-redirect" title="Náisiúin Aontaithe">Eagraíocht na Náisiún Aontaithe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="An_Rúisis_mar_theanga_Shlavach"><span id="An_R.C3.BAisis_mar_theanga_Shlavach"></span>An Rúisis mar theanga Shlavach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: An Rúisis mar theanga Shlavach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: An Rúisis mar theanga Shlavach"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scríobhtar an teanga leis an <a href="/wiki/Aib%C3%ADtir_Choireallach" title="Aibítir Choireallach">aibítir Choireallach</a>. Is iad an <a href="/wiki/An_Bhealar%C3%BAisis" title="An Bhealarúisis">Bhealarúisis</a> agus an <a href="/wiki/An_%C3%9Acr%C3%A1inis" title="An Úcráinis">Úcráinis</a> an dá theanga is cóngaraí don Rúisis, agus is minic a deir na Rúisigh nach bhfuil iontu ach canúintí de chuid na Rúisise féin. Tá an chuid sin den fhírinne acu nach bhfuil sé furasta teorainn shoiléir a shocrú idir canúintí na Rúisise agus canúintí an dá theanga seo. Nuair a bhí an t<a href="/wiki/An_tAontas_S%C3%B3iv%C3%A9adach" title="An tAontas Sóivéadach">Aontas Sóivéadach</a> ann, b'é an meas a bhí ag muintir na tíre ar na teangacha seo nach raibh siad oiriúnach ach don <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9aloideas" title="Béaloideas">bhéaloideas</a> agus don amhránaíocht tíre. Inniu, tá an Úcráinis ag teacht chuici féin arís san <a href="/wiki/An_%C3%9Acr%C3%A1in" title="An Úcráin">Úcráin</a>, ach fanann an Bhealarúisis sách lag ina tír dhúchais féin. An cineál teanga a labhraítear sa tsráid sna tíortha seo, is minic nach bhfuil sé éasca a rá cé acu Rúisis nó an teanga eile atá ann. [[Fichier:EthnicRussiansInTheFormerUSSR.png|link=<a class="external free" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:EthnicRussiansInTheFormerUSSR.png%7Cmion%7C280x280px%7CAn">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:EthnicRussiansInTheFormerUSSR.png%7Cmion%7C280x280px%7CAn</a> Rúis san <a href="/wiki/An_tAontas_S%C3%B3iv%C3%A9adach" title="An tAontas Sóivéadach">APSS</a>]] Ní mór a chuimhneamh, áfach, go bhfuil na teangacha Slavacha ar fad iontach cosúil le chéile, agus iad réasúnta intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile. Tá an Bhealarúisis agus an Úcráinis níos fusa le tuiscint ag an bPolannach ná an Rúisis. </p><p>Is iad an Rúisis, an <a href="/wiki/An_%C3%9Acr%C3%A1inis" title="An Úcráinis">Úcráinis</a> agus an <a href="/wiki/An_Bhealar%C3%BAisis" title="An Bhealarúisis">Bhealarúisis</a> na teangacha <a href="/wiki/Slavaigh" title="Slavaigh">Slavacha</a> Oirthearacha, ach murab ionann agus an dá theanga eile acu, bhí an Rúisis go mór mór faoi thionchar na Sean-Slaivise Eaglasta. Is é an cineál teanga a bhí i gceist leis an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta ná an caighdeán liteartha a cheap na manaigh Ghréagacha le haghaidh na Slavach ar fad, agus é bunaithe ar an tSean-<a href="/wiki/An_Bhulg%C3%A1iris" title="An Bhulgáiris">Bhulgáiris</a>. Mar sin, tá sí níos gaolmhaire leis an t<a href="/wiki/An_tSeirbea-Chr%C3%B3itis" title="An tSeirbea-Chróitis">Seirbea-Chróitis</a> ná leis an Rúisis. Ina ainneoin sin, b'í an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta an t-aon teanga liteartha amháin a bhí in úsáid sa Rúis go tús na hochtú haoise déag. [[Archivo:Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG|link=<a class="external free" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG%7Cclé%7Cmion%7C400x400px%7C">https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Russian_ex-USSR_2004.PNG%7Cclé%7Cmion%7C400x400px%7C</a><a href="/wiki/An_tAontas_S%C3%B3iv%C3%A9adach" title="An tAontas Sóivéadach">APSS</a>, 2004]] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tionchar_na_dTeangacha_Eile">Tionchar na dTeangacha Eile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Tionchar na dTeangacha Eile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Tionchar na dTeangacha Eile"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'imir an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta an-tionchar ar an Rúisis. Is minic a úsáidtear focal iasachta as an teanga seo sa Rúisis le tagairt a dhéanamh do choincheap teibí, agus leagan dúchasach den fhocal chéanna sa chiall nithiúil. Níl sé deacair samplaí a bhailiú: </p> <ul><li>Sean-Slaivis Eaglasta: <i><span lang="ru">власть/vlast'</span></i> "cumhacht", Rúisis: <i><span lang="ru">волость/volost'</span></i> "paróiste"</li> <li>SSE: <i>глава/glava</i> "caibidil", R: <i>голова/golova</i> "ceann, cloigeann"</li> <li>SSE: <i>хранить/khranit'</i> "cosaint, taisciú", R: <i>хоронить/khoronit'</i> "adhlacadh"</li></ul> <p>Bhí an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta go mór faoi thionchar na Gréigise ó thaobh an struchtúir de. Na focail eaglasta nó ardnósacha a tháinig isteach an bealach seo, focail chomhshuite ab ea iad a bhí bunaithe ar réamhshamplaí Gréigise. Ní cheadaíonn struchtúr na dteangacha Slavacha, go bunúsach, focail chomhshuite a chruthú, ach amháin i gcásanna áirithe - aidiachtaí comhshuite thar aon chineál eile (is é sin, aidiachtaí cosúil le "lámhfhada" na Gaeilge, nó aidiachtaí <i>bahuvrihi</i> mar a deir an teangeolaí). Tá an Rúisis breac le focail chomhshuite inniu, áfach, agus is minic a fhaigheann lucht labhartha na dteangacha Slavacha eile go bhfuil sí cineál "trom" mar theanga, go háirithe nuair a bhítear ag plé coincheapanna teibí. An té nach bhfuil Rúisis aige, níl a fhios aige céard is brí le <i>tromchúiseach</i>. </p><p>Sular tháinig na Slavaigh go dtí an Rúis, bhí teangacha Fionn-Úgracha á labhairt i gcuid mhór de na tailte arb iad croí na Rúise iad inniu. Ghlac lucht labhartha na dteangacha seo leis an teanga Shlavach, ach is léir gur fhág siad a mblas féin ar an teanga. Mar sin, is féidir a rá go raibh tionchar ag a dteangacha siúd ar fhorbairt na Rúisise, cé nach bhfanann mórán focal dá gcuid i Rúisis an lae inniu. </p><p>Thairis sin, bhí an Rúisis iontach fáiltiúil roimh fhocail ó theangacha Iartharacha riamh. Cé go mbíonn na náisiúnaithe Rúiseacha ag maíomh gurb í an Rúisis an teanga Shlavach is glaine amuigh, níl aon chuid den cheart acu ar aon nós. A mhalairt ar fad, bhí an Rúisis in ann a cuid féin a dhéanamh de na céadta focal iasachta ón Ollainnis, ón nGearmáinis, ón bhFraincis, agus ón mBéarla: </p> <ul><li>Ón Ollainnis: <i>фарватер/farvater</i> "cúrsa farraige"</li></ul> <ul><li>Ón nGearmáinis <i>масштаб/masshtab</i> "scála an mhapa"</li></ul> <ul><li>Ón bhFraincis <i>бульвар/bul'var</i> "búlbhard"</li></ul> <ul><li>Ón mBéarla <i>компьютер/komp'yuter</i> "ríomhaire"</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png"><img resource="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png/220px-Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png/330px-Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png/440px-Dialects_of_Russian_language-ru.png 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1723" /></a><figcaption>na canúintí sa bhliain 1915<p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#587942;color:#587942;">██</span> 1. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkhangelsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkhangelsk (níl an leathanach ann)">Arkhangelsk</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#3E7D6D;color:#3E7D6D;">██</span> 2. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olonets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olonets (níl an leathanach ann)">Olonets</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#45AD96;color:#45AD96;">██</span> 3. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veliky_Novgorod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veliky Novgorod (níl an leathanach ann)">Novgorod</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#69A74B;color:#69A74B;">██</span> 4. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast (níl an leathanach ann)">Viatka</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#61C57A;color:#61C57A;">██</span> 5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir,_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir, Russia (níl an leathanach ann)">Vladimir</a></p> An Lár <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#F587C1;color:#F587C1;">██</span> 6. <a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#D172A2;color:#D172A2;">██</span> 7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tver (níl an leathanach ann)">Tver</a></p> an desiceart <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#FF9B06;color:#FF9B06;">██</span> 8. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oryol (níl an leathanach ann)">Orel</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#FF7D26;color:#FF7D26;">██</span> 9. <a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></p> <p style="margin:0px;font-size:90%"><span style="border:none;background-color:#FFAA71;color:#FFAA71;">██</span> 10. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tula,_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tula, Russia (níl an leathanach ann)">Tula</a></p> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stair_na_Rúisise"><span id="Stair_na_R.C3.BAisise"></span>Stair na Rúisise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Stair na Rúisise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Stair na Rúisise"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bhí sinsir na Rúiseach, na mBealarúiseach agus na nÚcránach ag labhairt canúintí éagsúla de chuid na Slaivise Oirthearaí go dtí an 14ú haois, nuair a thosaigh an trí theanga seo á ndealú ó chéile. Fuair na canúintí a lán focal iasachta ón tSean-Lochlainnis nuair a bhí na hUigingigh ag creachadh rompu agus ag bunú cathracha sa tír, ach ón 12ú haois ar aghaidh, nuair a d'fhorghabh na Mongólaigh an Rúis, thosaigh focail Mhongólacha agus Thurcacha ag teacht isteach sa teanga labhartha. </p><p>Ba í an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta a bhí á saothrú mar theanga liteartha go dtí gur chuir Peadar Mór tús leis an Rúisis mar theanga shibhialta chultúrtha. San am céanna, áfach, bhítí ag scríobh síos focail agus téacsaí iomlána sa teanga labhartha féin, go háirithe cáipéisí dlíthiúla, conarthaí trádála agus litreacha príobháideacha. Ba nós doiciméid den chineál sin a bhreacadh síos ar choirt beithe, agus tháinig na seandálaithe Sóivéadacha trasna ar chuid mhaith acu i gcathracha stairiúla na Rúise agus na hÚcráine ó thús na gcaogaidí i leith. Rinneadh an chéad fhionnachtain den chineál seo i Novgorod sa bhliain 1951, agus is í an chathair sin an fhoinse is fearr litreacha coirte beithe inniu féin. Ba í teanga labhartha an phobail ba mhó a d'úsáidtí sna litreacha coirte beithe, an chuid ba mhó acu, agus is iad an t-ábhar is fearr agus is flúirsí a thugann spléachadh do na saineolaithe ar an gcineál teanga a bhí á labhairt sa Rúis sa 14ú haois. </p><p>Mar sin féin, bhí an lámh in uachtar ag an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta i saol <a href="/wiki/Intleacht" title="Intleacht">intleacht</a>úil na <a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tír">tíre</a> go dtí gur chrom Peadar Mór ar a fheachtas nua-aimsearthachta i gceart. Bhunaigh Peadar scoileanna agus chuir sé an teanga in úsáid i litríocht shaolta, ionas go raibh téarmaíocht eolaíoch nó teicneolaíoch ag teastáil. Fuair Peadar agus a chuid lucht léinn na téarmaí ó na teangacha iasachta, agus sin é an tuige, go bunúsach, go bhfuil Rúisis an lae inniu breac le focail Ollainnise, Ghearmáinise, Fhraincise agus Bhéarla. </p><p>Fuair an Fhraincis an lámh in uachtar ar an Rúisis i saol na cúirte impiriúla. Ní raibh sé as an ngnáth teacht ar dhuine uasal Rúiseach a raibh an teanga seo níos líofa aige ná an Rúisis féin. Sa 19ú haois déag, bhí an t-easaontas agus an teannas polaitiúil ag dul i méadaíocht de réir is mar a bhí an chuid liobrálach de mhuintir na Rúise ag tuirsiú de thíorántacht mheánaoiseach na nImpirí, agus d'fhág an teannas seo a lorg ar an teanga, nuair a bhí na hintleachtóirí Rúiseacha ag foghlaim búsfhocail pholaitiúla a linne agus á gcur in oiriúint don Rúisis. San am seo a tháinig téarmaí ar nós <i><span lang="ru">социализм</span></i> (<i><span lang="ru">sotsializm</span></i>, is é sin, Sóisialachas), nó <i><span lang="ru">конституция</span></i> (<i><span lang="ru">konstitutsiya</span></i>, bunreacht), gan dearmad a dhéanamh de <i><span lang="ru">митинг</span></i> (<i>miting</i>, ón mBéarla; tá ciall ar leith leis an bhfocal seo sa Rúisis, áfach, mar atá, cruinniú polaitiúil, slógadh nó tóstal - bheadh <i>rally</i> níos oiriúnaí mar théarma Béarla ná <i>meeting</i>). </p><p>Is é an chéad athrú a tháinig ar an Rúisis le réabhlóid Dheireadh Fómhair ná gur simplíodh an ceartlitriú. Caitheadh litreacha áirithe i dtraipisí nach raibh de bhunús acu ach stair na teanga - go háirithe na litreacha Gréagacha nach raibh in úsáid ach i bhfocail ón nGréigis. Bhí an ceartlitriú nua sna fonsaí tógála le tamall maith anuas, ach ansin, thit sé ar chrann na mBoilséiveach é a chur i gcrích. Na dídeanaithe Rúiseacha a thréig an tír i ndiaidh na réabhlóide agus a shocraigh síos i dtíortha Iartharacha ina diaidh sin, chloígh siad ar feadh i bhfad leis an gceartlitriú réamh-Réabhlóideach agus iad ag díspeagadh na "scríbhneoireachta Sóivéadaí" mar leagan truaillithe den Rúisis. Mar sin féin, chuaigh an ceartlitriú nua in úsáid ar fud an domhain sa deireadh. Inniu, is fánach leabhar a d'fhoilseofaí sa seanlitriú. </p><p>Roimh an réabhlóid, ní raibh sna Boilséivigh ach seict bheag Shóisialach le béarlagair polaitiúil dá cuid féin, ach nuair a tháinig siad i gceannas ar an tír, chuaigh cuid mhaith den leathchaint seo i mbéal an phobail. Bhí na Boilséivigh an-tugtha d'acrainmneacha agus do ghiorrúcháin éagsúla, rud a bhí le haithint ar Rúisis an Aontais Shóiveadaigh, nó bhí sí ag cur thar maoil le focail cosúil le <i><span lang="ru">рабфак/rabfak</span></i> (ó <i><span lang="ru">рабочий факультет/rabochiy fakul'tet</span></i> nó "dámh an lucht oibre", is é sin, roinn speisialta na hollscoile a bhí ag ullmhú mic léinn "phrólatáireacha" don staidéar) nó <i><span lang="ru">Комсомол/Komsomol</span></i> (ó <i><span lang="ru">Коммунистический Союз Молодёжи/Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodyozhi</span></i>, is é sin, Conradh Cumannach an Aos Óig, ógra Pháirtí Cumannach an Aontais Shóivéadaigh). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litríocht_na_Rúisise"><span id="Litr.C3.ADocht_na_R.C3.BAisise"></span>Litríocht na Rúisise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Litríocht na Rúisise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Litríocht na Rúisise"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glactar leis go bhfuil an Rúisis ar theangacha móra cultúrtha an domhain, a bhuí leis an traidisiún millteanach scríbhneoireachta a bhaineann léi. An té a chromfaidh ar an teanga seo a fhoghlaim, ní rachaidh sé choíche in anás lón léitheoireachta. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5._%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption><i>Слово о Полку,</i> leagan 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>Is gnách glacadh leis gurb í <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Laoi_faoi_Fheachtas_Igor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Laoi faoi Fheachtas Igor (níl an leathanach ann)">an Laoi faoi Fheachtas Igor</a> (<i>Слово о Полку Игореве/Slovo o Polku Igoreve</i>) an saothar liteartha is sine atá ar fáil i dteanga ar féidir Rúisis a thabhairt uirthi. Scéal eile go hiomlán é go raibh an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta á saothrú go coitianta mar theanga liteartha san am céanna sa Rúis, ar ndóigh. Dán fada eipiciúil is ea an Laoi seo, agus í ag tabhairt cur síos ar na heachtraí a ndeachaigh an laoch Igor agus a chuid fear tríothu nuair a bhí siad ag cur cogaidh ar na <i>Polovtsy</i>. Is í an treibh atá i gceist leis na Polovtsy - ciallaíonn an focal Rúisise "muintir an mhachaire mhóir" - ná na <a href="/wiki/C%C3%BAm%C3%A1naigh" title="Cúmánaigh">Cúmánaigh</a>, treibh Thuirceach a raibh cónaí uirthi i nDeisceart na Rúise sa dóú haois déag. Tá an Chríostaíocht agus an Phágánacht shean-Slavach measctha trí chéile sa laoi, agus cur síos dúisitheach inti ar nádúr na Rúise agus ar an dóigh a gcuireann fórsaí an nádúir cor i gcinniúint an duine. </p><p>Sa seachtú haois déag, scríobh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avvakum_Petrov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avvakum Petrov (níl an leathanach ann)">Avvakum Petrov</a>, ard-sagart Ceartchreidmheach nach raibh sásta leis na leasuithe eaglasta a bhí á gcur i gcrích san am céanna, sraith leabhar faoi ábhar eaglasta agus reiligiúnda, chomh maith le scéal a bheatha féin. Go bunúsach, paimfléid pholaitiúla ab ea na leabhair seo agus iad ceaptha mar bholscaireacht i gcoimhlint inmheánach na heaglaise. Scríobh sé na leabhair seo i gcaint na ndaoine - Rúisis - cé go raibh an tSean-Slaivis Eaglasta go paiteanta aige. Tá teanga nádúrtha, chumhachtach aige, go háirithe nuair a bhíonn sé ag caitheamh anuas ar a chuid naimhde. Chuir na húdaráis chun báis é sa deireadh, ach mar sin féin, rinne sé cion fir le litríocht na Rúisise a fhorbairt - i ngan fhios dó féin. </p><p>Sna sálaí ag an Impire Peadar Mór, agus na hiarrachtaí a bhí ar siúl aige leis an Rúis a thabhairt chun Iartharachais agus teanga liteartha shibhialta a dhéanamh den Rúisis, tháinig an chéad ghlúin de scríbhneoirí Rúisise: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antioch_Kantemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antioch Kantemir (níl an leathanach ann)">Antioch Kantemir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasiliy_Trediakovskiy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasiliy Trediakovskiy (níl an leathanach ann)">Vasiliy Trediakovskiy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Lomonosov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Lomonosov (níl an leathanach ann)">Mikhail Lomonosov</a>, agus, ina ndiaidh sin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Karamzin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Karamzin (níl an leathanach ann)">Nikolay Karamzin</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_(1828,_National_Pushkin_Museum)_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_%281828%2C_National_Pushkin_Museum%29_crop.jpg/220px-Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_%281828%2C_National_Pushkin_Museum%29_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_%281828%2C_National_Pushkin_Museum%29_crop.jpg/330px-Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_%281828%2C_National_Pushkin_Museum%29_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_%281828%2C_National_Pushkin_Museum%29_crop.jpg/440px-Nikolay_Karamzin_by_Alexey_Venezianov_%281828%2C_National_Pushkin_Museum%29_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>Nikolay Karamzin leAlexey Venezianov (1828)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ní raibh mórán maithe in Kantemir mar fhile, ach, ar a laghad, chuir sé an dúshraith ar ar thóg na scríbhneoirí a tháinig ina dhiaidh. Ní raibh, fiú, an teanga ó dhúchas aige, nó b'as an <a href="/wiki/An_Mhold%C3%B3iv" title="An Mholdóiv">Moldóiv</a> dó. Maidir le Lomonosov, fear mór <i><a href="/wiki/An_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="An Renaissance">Renaissance</a></i> agus ileolaí a bhí ann, agus rinne sé staidéar ar go leor brainsí léinn agus eolaíochta. B'eisean a thuig go raibh an-tábhacht leis an mbéim do véarsaíocht na Rúisise, agus scríobh sé dánta inar choinnigh sé béim gach focal ar a gnátháit, le go mbeadh blas nádúrtha na cainte ag dul leis an dán, in áit gach siolla a labhairt amach ar aon bhéim. </p><p>Karamzin (1766-1826), arís, scríobh sé saothar mór millteanach faoi stair na Rúise, mar atá, "Stair an Stáit Rúisigh", nó <i>История государства Российского/Istoriya gosudarstva Rossiyskogo</i>. Leabhar soléite suimiúil atá ann ag léitheoir an lae inniu féin, cé go bhfuil dearcadh Karamzin an-dáimhiúil leis an anlathas impiriúil. Scríbhneoir maith a bhí ann a chuir athrú cuma ar nósanna scríbhneoireachta na Rúisise ar fad. Chaith sé tréimhse san Eoraip nuair a bhí an <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9abhl%C3%B3id_na_Fraince" title="Réabhlóid na Fraince">réabhlóid</a> ar coipeadh san <a href="/wiki/An_Fhrainc" title="An Fhrainc">Fhrainc</a>, rud a d'imir a thionchar féin ar fhorbairt a dhearcaidh choimeádaigh, agus d'fhoilsigh sé leabhar taistil inar chuir sé síos ar a chuid eacthraí, "Litreacha an taistealaí Rúisigh". Chum sé freisin cúpla gearrscéal maoithneach, go háirithe "Éilís bhocht" (<i>Бедная Лиза/Bednaya Liza</i>), ina ríomhann sé scéal tragóideach an chailín óig de phór íseal a thit i ngrá le fear óg de phór uasal. </p><p>Lenár linn féin, tá cáil ar na <a href="/wiki/Scr%C3%ADbhneoir" title="Scríbhneoir">scríbhneoir</a>í Rúiseacha a caitheadh i dtóin an phríosúin i ndiaidh dóibh leabhair a scríobh a chuir míchompord ar an lucht rialtais. B'é <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Radishchev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Radishchev (níl an leathanach ann)">Aleksandr Radishchev</a> an chéad easaontóir den chineál seo, is dócha. Sa bhliain <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>, d'fhoilsigh sé leabhar taistil, <i>Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву/Puteshestviye iz Peterburga v Moskvu</i> ("Turas ó <a href="/wiki/Cathair_Pheadair" title="Cathair Pheadair">Chathair Pheadair</a> go <a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3" title="Moscó">Moscó</a>"), inar thug sé cur síos réadúil ar chruatan na ndaoine faoin tuath. Bhain an leabhar seo a leithéid de scanradh as an mBanimpire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caitr%C3%ADona_Mh%C3%B3r_(An_R%C3%BAis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caitríona Mhór (An Rúis) (níl an leathanach ann)">Caitríona Mhór</a> agus gur theilg sí an scríbhneoir chun báis. Sa deireadh, níor básaíodh Radishchev, áfach. Díbríodh go dtí <a href="/wiki/An_tSib%C3%A9ir" title="An tSibéir">an tSibéir</a> é. Scairt comharba Chaitríona, an tImpire Pól a hAon, ar ais ón díbirt é, ach má scairt féin, ní raibh sonas ná sástacht i ndán do Radishchev. Chuir an scríbhneoir lámh ina bhás féin sa bhliain <a href="/wiki/1802" title="1802">1802</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:Vasily_Zhukovsky,_1820s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vasily_Zhukovsky%2C_1820s.jpg/220px-Vasily_Zhukovsky%2C_1820s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vasily_Zhukovsky%2C_1820s.jpg/330px-Vasily_Zhukovsky%2C_1820s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vasily_Zhukovsky%2C_1820s.jpg/440px-Vasily_Zhukovsky%2C_1820s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasily_Zhukovsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasily Zhukovsky (níl an leathanach ann)">Vasily Zhukovsky</a>, 1820idí</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ré_Órga_na_Litríochta_Rúisise"><span id="R.C3.A9_.C3.93rga_na_Litr.C3.ADochta_R.C3.BAisise"></span>Ré Órga na Litríochta Rúisise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Ré Órga na Litríochta Rúisise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ré Órga na Litríochta Rúisise"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inniu féin, is ábhar spéise don tsaol mhór ar fad iad na clasaicigh a scríobhadh i ré órga na litríochta Rúisise. Áirítear gur thosaigh an ré sin nuair a chuaigh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasily_Zhukovsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasily Zhukovsky (níl an leathanach ann)">Vasily Zhukovsky</a> agus <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Aleksandr Pushkin</a> i mbun pinn. Aistritheoir filíochta ab ea Zhukovsky thar aon rud eile, ach d'éirigh leis stíl agus idéil na rómánsúlachta a thabhairt isteach i litríocht na Rúisise lena chuid aistriúchán. Is minic a mhaireann a leagan féin de dhán coimhthíoch éigin i mbéal an phobail sa Rúis, agus an buntéacs ligthe i ndearmad le fada sa tír inar scríobhadh an chéad uair é. </p><p>Maidir le Pushkin, is eisean file náisiúnta na Rúise thar aon fhile eile. Chruthaigh sé stíl éasca nádúrtha atá an-chosúil le caint uasalaicme a linne féin. D'fhéadfá a rá, fiú, gurbh eisean, thar aon duine eile, a chaighdeánaigh an Rúisis liteartha. Chum sé na céadta de dhánta, ach b'iad na laoithe móra eipiciúla - na húrscéalta faoi rím agus rithim - a thuill a chlú dó. Ní raibh an oiread sin ratha ar a chuid próis. Chríochnaigh sé úrscéal stairiúil amháin i stíl <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, mar atá, <i>Капитанская дочка/Kapitanskaya dochka</i> ("Iníon an Chaptaein"), agus chum sé roinnt ghearrscéalta. </p><p>File tábhachtach eile sa chéad leath den naoú haois déag ab ea <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Mikhail Lermontov</a>. Saighdiúir a bhí ann a throid sna cogaí a chuir an Rúis i gCugas leis na treibheacha áitiúla a chur faoi chois. As na heachtraí sin a fáisceadh rogha a chuid filíochta. Scríobh sé úrscéal freisin, mar atá, <i>Герой нашего времени/Geroy nashego vremeni</i> ("Laoch ár Linne"), a bhí suite i Sléibhte Chugais. </p><p>B'é <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyodor_Tyutchev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyodor Tyutchev (níl an leathanach ann)">Fyodor Tyutchev</a> an tríú mórfhile rómánsúil sa Rúis. Saolaíodh i dtús na naoú haoise déag é chomh maith le Lermontov, ach bhí sé réasúnta fadsaolach, nó ní bhfuair sé bás sula raibh sé beagnach seachtó bliain d'aois. D'éag Pushkin agus Lermontov sula raibh an dá scór bliain slánaithe acu, agus cailleadh an bheirt acu i gcomrac aonair. Má bhí claonadh áirithe chun ceannairce agus réabhlóide - sa chiall mheafarach, ar a laghad - i bPushkin agus i Lermontov, bhí Tyutchev ina thaidhleoir i seirbhís an Impire, agus dearcadh coimeádach aige. Chaith sé an chuid ba mhó dá shaol taobh amuigh den Rúis, agus phós sé mná coimhthíocha nach raibh focal Rúisise ina bpluc. Bhí an Fhraincis ní ba líofa aige féin ná an Rúisis, ach theastaigh uaidh friotal a lorg sa theanga dhúchasach dá chuid smaointí meitifisiciúla, agus b'í an fhilíocht an friotal ab fhearr a thiocfadh leis. Ní raibh mórán measa aige féin ar a chuid dánta, agus níor cuireadh suim cheart iontu sula raibh an file tar éis bháis. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_(1848,_Lit.museum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_%281848%2C_Lit.museum%29.jpg/220px-N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_%281848%2C_Lit.museum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_%281848%2C_Lit.museum%29.jpg/330px-N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_%281848%2C_Lit.museum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_%281848%2C_Lit.museum%29.jpg/440px-N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_%281848%2C_Lit.museum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3943" data-file-height="4940" /></a><figcaption>Nikolay Gogol le F.Moller (1848)</figcaption></figure> <p>B'iad na scríbhneoirí próis, áfach, ba mhó a thabhaigh a clú do litríocht chlasaiceach na Rúise ar an gcoigríoch, ós rud é go mbíonn sé deacair filíocht a aistriú. B'é <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolay_Gogol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolay Gogol (níl an leathanach ann)">Nikolay Gogol</a> an chéad scríbhneoir den chineál sin, agus mhair sé sa chéad leath den naoú haois déag freisin. Úcráineach a bhí ann go bunúsach, ach b'í an Rúisis teanga a chuid saothar. Níor mhothaigh sé é féin riamh ar a shuaimhneas i gCathair Pheadair, agus scríobh sé gearrscéalta faoi shaol na cathrach a raibh an-sceimhle ag baint leo. Bhí sé den bharúil gur áit uafásach ab ea Cathair Pheadair, áit neamhshaolta fiú. Bhí néaróisí agus siabhráin éagsúla ag luí air, agus saoldearcadh frithghníomhach reiligiúnda aige. Is iad na saothair is clúití dár scríobh sé ná an t-úrscéal <i>Мертвые души/Mertvye dushi</i> ("Anamacha Marbha") agus an dráma <i>Ревизор/Revizor</i> ("An Cigire"). </p><p>Is léir nach féidir gan <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a> a lua sa chomhthéacs seo. Rugadh Dostoyevsky sa bhliain 1821 i Moscó, ach mar is léir óna shloinne, bhí sinsir Pholannacha aige. Cibé faoi sin, bhí sé ina Rúiseach go smior. Nuair a bhí sé óg, bhí sé ina radacach Sóisialach, ach ansin, fuair seirbhísí slándála an Impire amach faoin ngrúpa a raibh sé ina bhall de, agus caitheadh gach mac máthar acu i dtóin phríosúin. Tugadh le fios dóibh go raibh pionós an bháis gearrtha orthu, agus ceanglaíodh iad le hiad a lámhach, ach ansin, fuair siad le cloisteáil nach raibh siad le cur chun báis, ach le díbirt go dtí an tSibéir. Chaith Dostoyevsky naoi mbliana thall ansin, go dtí go bhfuair sé cead filleadh abhaile. Roimh an díbirt, bhí úrscéal amháin foilsithe aige, mar atá, <i>Bednye lyudi</i> ("Daoine bochta"), a raibh blas an radacachais shóisialta air. I ndiaidh na díbeartha, áfach, bhí Dostoyevsky iompaithe ina fhrithghníomhach, agus é ag tabhairt urraime don choimeádachas reiligiúnda. Sin é an dearcadh a d'fhág a lorg ar an gcuid eile dár scríobh sé, na húrscéalta móra cosúil le <i>Zapiski iz mertvogo doma</i> ("Cuimhní Cinn ó Theach na Marbh"), <i>Unizhennye i oskorblennye</i> ("Daoine faoi leatrom is faoi tharcaisne"), <i>Idiot</i> ("An tAmadán"), <i>Prestuplenie i nakazanie</i> ("An Choir is an Pionós"), <i>Besy</i> ("Na Diabhail"), agus <i>Brat'ya Karamazovy</i> ("Deartháracha Karamazov"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tagairtí"><span id="Tagairt.C3.AD"></span>Tagairtí</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Cuir rannán in eagar: Tagairtí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>cuir in eagar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_R%C3%BAisis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Tagairtí"><span>athraigh foinse</span></a><span 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