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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-科學史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科學史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>科學史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-科學史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关科學史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-科學史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-普利斯特里的實驗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普利斯特里的實驗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>普利斯特里的實驗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-普利斯特里的實驗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拉瓦節的研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拉瓦節的研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>拉瓦節的研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拉瓦節的研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中文命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中文命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>中文命名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中文命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>分布</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分布-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分布子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-大气层氧气的历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大气层氧气的历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>大气层氧气的历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大气层氧气的历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>结构</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-结构-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关结构子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-分子結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分子結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>分子結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分子結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制取" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制取"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>制取</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-制取-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关制取子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-制取-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-发生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>发生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-化学方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化学方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>化学方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化学方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>物理方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-收集" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#收集"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>收集</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-收集-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-装瓶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#装瓶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>装瓶</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-装瓶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-单线态氧和三线态氧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#单线态氧和三线态氧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>单线态氧和三线态氧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-单线态氧和三线态氧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-毒性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#毒性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>毒性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-毒性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>用途</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-用途-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关用途子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-供给呼吸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#供给呼吸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>供给呼吸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-供给呼吸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-助燃" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#助燃"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>助燃</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-助燃-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>另见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">氧气</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。12种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxygen" title="Dioxygen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dioxygen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxygen" title="Dioxygen – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dioxygen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diox%C3%ADgeno" title="Dioxígeno – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dioxígeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihapnik" title="Dihapnik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dihapnik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Dioxygène – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dioxygène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%ADxeno_molecular" title="Osíxeno molecular – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Osíxeno molecular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dizuurstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxig%C3%A8n" title="Dioxigèn – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dioxigèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alotropia_oxigenului" title="Alotropia oxigenului – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alotropia oxigenului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/yanci" title="yanci – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="yanci" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氧气" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3" title="氧氣 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氧氣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5203615#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&oldid=84654361" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&id=84654361&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%25A7%25E6%25B0%2594"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%25A7%25E6%25B0%2594"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dioxygen" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5203615" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-7d8f1885" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-7d8f1885" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:单线态;zh-hant:單重態;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:三线态;zh-hant:三重態;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是由氧元素组成的O<sub>2</sub>气体。关于氧元素，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年7月23日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%22">"氧气"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">氧气 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygen_molecule.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oxygen_molecule.png/200px-Oxygen_molecule.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Oxygen_molecule.png 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="255" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>英文名 </td> <td><span lang="en">Oxygen</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">识别 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7782-44-7">7782-44-7</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span lang="en">O=O</span></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">性质 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> </td> <td><span lang="en">O<sub>2</sub></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a> </td> <td>31.998<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> g·mol⁻¹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>外观 </td> <td>无色气体 <sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a> </td> <td>1.141 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（-183.0 ℃，液态）<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td>-218.79 ℃ （54.36 K）<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a> </td> <td>-182.962 ℃ (90.188 K)<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>） </td> <td>微溶于水<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a> </td> <td>微溶于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" title="有机溶剂">有机溶剂</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>氧气</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>：<span lang="en">oxygen gas</span>）通常指<b>双氧</b>（<span lang="en">dioxygen</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%8F" title="分子式">分子式</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O<sub>2</sub></a>），是由两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E9%94%AE" title="共价键">共价键</a>组成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">双原子分子</a>，也是氧<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>中最常见的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%B4%A8" title="单质">单质</a>形态。氧气在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%A9" title="常温">常温</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="标准状况">标准状况</a>下是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="气态">气态</a>，在现今的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层">地球大气层</a>中按<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%88%86%E5%8E%8B" title="气体分压">气体分压</a>计算大约占<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94" title="空气">空气</a>成分的21%，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>为1.429g/L，比空气略大；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%A6%BB%E6%80%81" title="游离态">游离态</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="溶解度">溶解度</a>较低。氧气是活性较高的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="氧化剂">氧化剂</a>，自身不可<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83" class="mw-redirect" title="燃">燃</a>但可助燃其它<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="化学反应">化学反应</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>内所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="真核细胞">真核细胞</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>进行<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a>产生<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="生物能">生物能</a>必需的一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="化学物质">化学物质</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="科學史"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8.E5.8F.B2"></span>科學史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：科學史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氧气最先是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡尔·威廉·舍勒</a>发现的，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" title="约瑟夫·普利斯特里">约瑟夫·普利斯特里</a>也于之后成功发现<sup id="cite_ref-SourceBook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SourceBook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但由于约瑟夫首先发表论文，所以很多人仍然认为氧气是约瑟夫首先发现的。氧气的英文名是“Dioxygen”，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="拉瓦锡">拉瓦锡</a>定名于1777年，他利用氧气所进行的试验在<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧">燃烧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9A%80" title="腐蚀">腐蚀</a>的方面打败了当时流行的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AF%B4" title="燃素说">燃素说</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="普利斯特里的實驗"><span id=".E6.99.AE.E5.88.A9.E6.96.AF.E7.89.B9.E9.87.8C.E7.9A.84.E5.AF.A6.E9.A9.97"></span>普利斯特里的實驗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：普利斯特里的實驗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·普利斯特里">約瑟夫·普利斯特里</a>將一隻燃燒的蠟燭放入密閉的玻璃罩中，蠟燭燃燒一段時間即熄滅；如果將一隻老鼠與燃燒的蠟燭一同放在密閉的玻璃罩中，老鼠在蠟燭燃盡後不久即死亡；如果以植物取代老鼠並以陽光照射，植物不僅不會在蠟燭燃盡後死亡，在蠟燭燃盡一段時間後再放入另一支點燃的蠟燭，該蠟燭甚至可以燃燒的更劇烈。 </p><p>由於普利斯特里為<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="燃素說">燃素說</a>的支持者，他推論植物可產生能助燃、維持生物生存的氣體，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氧氣">氧氣</a>，而燃燒則會使氧氣與燃素結合而被「污染」，因此在著作中將氧氣稱為「脫去燃素的氣體」，氧氣燃燒後產生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>則被稱為「固定氣體」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拉瓦節的研究"><span id=".E6.8B.89.E7.93.A6.E7.AF.80.E7.9A.84.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>拉瓦節的研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：拉瓦節的研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E8%90%AC-%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%AF%80#氧化學說" class="mw-redirect" title="安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節">安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節 § 氧化學說</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中文命名"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E6.96.87.E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D"></span>中文命名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：中文命名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“氧氣”这一中文名稱是十九世紀<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>科學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%A3%BD" title="徐壽">徐壽</a>命名的。他認為人的生存離不開氧氣，所以就命名為「養氣」即「養氣之質」，後來就用「氧」代替了「養」字，便叫「氧氣」。 </p><p>氧氣旧称“酸素”，来自日语，英语“<span lang="en">oxygen</span>”（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>：<span lang="el">Οξυγόνο</span>）也是来自希腊词根“<span lang="el">Οξυ</span>”（oxy），表示“酸”，因为曾认为所有的酸都含有這種氣體。現在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a>裡氧氣的名稱仍然是「<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">酸素</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">さんそ</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Sanso</span></i></sup>」。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="台語">台語</a>受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">台灣日治時期</a>的影響，也以「酸素」之日語發音稱呼氧氣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分布"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.B8.83"></span>分布</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：分布"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png/300px-WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png/450px-WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png/600px-WOA05_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>相對地冷的海洋有比較多的O<sub>2</sub>。</figcaption></figure> <p>地球空气中大约含有体积为20.947%的以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%B4%A8" title="单质">单质</a>形式存在的氧气。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="拉瓦锡">拉瓦锡</a>曾利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>与曲颈甑测出空气中氧气的含量。实验室里也可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E7%A3%B7" title="红磷">红磷</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%A3%B7" title="白磷">白磷</a>大致测出空气中的氧气含量。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="八大行星">八大行星</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>是含氧气最多的，其他的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="类地行星">类地行星</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>）几乎没有氧气。而很久以前地球上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="原始大气">原始大气</a>也没有氧气。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a>丰富的地区，氧气含量相对更加丰富。一般，在一天之内，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A8" title="早晨">早晨</a>是含氧气中最少的时候。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大气层氧气的历史"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E6.B0.94.E5.B1.82.E6.B0.A7.E6.B0.94.E7.9A.84.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>大气层氧气的历史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：大气层氧气的历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygenation-atm-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Oxygenation-atm-2.svg/420px-Oxygenation-atm-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Oxygenation-atm-2.svg/630px-Oxygenation-atm-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Oxygenation-atm-2.svg/840px-Oxygenation-atm-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层">地球大气层</a>中<a class="mw-selflink selflink">氧气</a>的含量。红线和绿线分别代表上限和下限。变化可分为五个阶段： <br />第一阶段（38.5-24.5亿年前）：大气层中几乎没有氧气 <br />第二阶段（24.5-18.5亿年前）：氧气逐渐产生，但溶解于海洋中，与岩石进行氧化反应 <br />第三阶段（18.5-8.5亿年前）：氧气从海洋中释放出来，但被地表吸收，或转变成<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82" title="臭氧层">臭氧层</a> <br />第四、第五阶段（8.5亿年前至今）：氧气开始在大气层中积累<sup id="cite_ref-Holland2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holland2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="氧气地质历史">氧气地质历史</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="大氧化事件">大氧化事件</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="新元古代氧化事件">新元古代氧化事件</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E7%95%99%E7%BA%AA%E2%80%94%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="志留纪—泥盆纪陆地革命">志留纪—泥盆纪陆地革命</a></div> <p>大气层氧气的出现源于两种作用，一个是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%89" title="日光">日光</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="紫外线">紫外线</a>照射<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="水分子">水分子</a>引发、无需生物参与的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光分解作用">光分解作用</a>，一个是需要<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%B6%A0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="藍綠菌">藍綠菌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="藻类">藻类</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%BB%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="叶绿素">叶绿素</a>生物参与的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>。后者在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="地球史">地球史</a>上对大气层的影响巨大，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="新太古代">新太古代</a>末期造成了大气层和海洋<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="大氧化事件">由偏还原性向偏氧化性的转变</a>，从而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古元古代">古元古代</a>因为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>耗光了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="大气甲烷">大气甲烷</a>而改变<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="温室效应">温室效应</a>引发极端<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氣候變化">气候变化</a>造成了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%A6%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="休伦冰河期">历时三亿年的极寒时期</a>。新出现的大量游离氧气也摧残了当时主要由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="厌氧生物">厌氧</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌">古菌</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8C%E6%AF%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="菌毯">菌毯</a>组成的早期<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>，使得<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="好氧生物">好氧</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">细菌</a>和厌氧菌<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F" title="共生">共生</a>的混生菌毯成为主流，从而促进了<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="共生體學說">古菌和好氧菌发生内共生</a>并<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="演化">演化</a>出了可以充分利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="有氧呼吸">有氧呼吸</a>进行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="代谢">代谢</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>。同时紫外线对游离氧气的光解，加上大气层中<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="放電">放电</a>造成的随机<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3" title="电解">电解</a>作用，使得一小部分氧气被转变成了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="三原子分子">三原子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E7%95%B0%E6%A7%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="同素異構體">同素异构体</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>，并在平流层形成了一个保护性的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82" title="臭氧层">臭氧层</a>，可以阻隔有害的短波紫外线对地表的照射。 </p><p>随着<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="中元古代">中元古代</a>早期真核生物再次和蓝绿菌发生内共生演化出了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%B4%A8%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="原始质体生物">原始质体生物</a>，藻类（特别是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%97%BB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="绿藻">绿藻</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%97%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="紅藻">红藻</a>）逐渐取代蓝绿菌成为地球上主要的氧气生产者。然而随着一类<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>绿藻（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E8%97%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="轮藻">轮藻</a>）中的一<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%94%AF" title="演化支">支</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3" title="古生代">古生代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪">奥陶纪</a>成功在陆地上<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%AE%96" title="定殖">定殖</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%83%9A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="有胚植物">有胚植物</a>出现并从此彻底改变了地球的陆地外貌。在那个尚且没有<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="陆生动物">陆生动物</a>的时代，以<a href="/wiki/%E8%95%A8%E7%B1%BB%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="蕨类植物">蕨类</a>为主的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="维管植物">维管植物</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E7%95%99%E7%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="志留纪">志留纪</a>中期出现并大范围扩散，并在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪">泥盆纪</a>早期形成了以<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带">热带</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a>为基础、不断扩散的<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%82%AD%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="煤炭森林">煤炭森林</a>，大气层含氧量也一度飙升，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%BA%AA" title="石炭纪">石炭纪</a>甚至达到了空气成分的35%。氧气含量的增加使得依赖于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F" title="渗透">渗透</a>方式输氧的陆生<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E8%82%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="节肢动物">节肢动物</a>在形态上出现巨型化（比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E8%83%B8%E8%9C%88%E8%9A%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="節胸蜈蚣">节胸蜈蚣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E8%84%88%E8%9C%BB%E8%9C%93" title="巨脈蜻蜓">巨脈蜻蜓</a>），直到<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%BA%AA%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="石炭纪雨林崩溃事件">石炭纪晚期雨林崩溃</a>和之后<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="二叠纪">二叠纪</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%8F%A4%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="盘古超大陆">盘古超大陆</a>的形成，内陆气候的干燥化使得<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E6%B2%BC" title="树沼">树沼</a>退缩形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="沙漠">沙漠</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="被子植物">被子植物</a>逐渐取代了蕨类植物，氧气浓度也回落到与现今相近的水平。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="结构"><span id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氧气由氧<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>（O<sub>2</sub>）构成。每一个氧气分子由2个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>构成。 </p><p>氧氣是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">双原子分子</a>，兩個氧原子形成共价键，一個2p轨道形成σ键，另两個2p轨道形成π键。其分子軌域式为(σ<sub>1s</sub>)<sup>2</sup>(σ<sub>1s</sub><sup>*</sup>)<sup>2</sup>(σ<sub>2s</sub>)<sup>2</sup>(σ<sub>2s</sub><sup>*</sup>)<sup>2</sup>(σ<sub>2p</sub>)<sup>2</sup>(π<sub>2p</sub>)<sup>4</sup>(π<sub>2p</sub><sup>*</sup>)<sup>2</sup>，因此氧氣是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="奇电子分子">奇电子分子</a>，具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="顺磁性">顺磁性</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="分子結構"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.AD.90.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>分子結構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：分子結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg/260px-Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg/390px-Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg/520px-Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>氧氣分子的軌域圖。<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>左右兩旁為各氧原子的原子軌域，中間為原子軌域重疊後所形成的分子軌域。共12個2p電子根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="構造原理">構造原理</a>從低至高順序填入分子軌域，其中最高兩個電子不成對，是氧氣諸多性質的根源。</figcaption></figure> <p>氧氣分子<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"></span>由兩個氧原子<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="化學鍵">鍵合</a>組成，又稱雙原子氧。<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="分子軌域理論">分子軌域理論</a>能夠很好地解釋氧氣分子的鍵合和性質（見圖）。兩個氧原子各自的<a href="/wiki/S%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" title="S軌域">s軌域</a>和<a href="/wiki/P%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" title="P軌域">p軌域</a>結合後，形成一系列<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%94%AE%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="成键轨道">成鍵</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%94%AE%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="反键轨道">反鍵</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="分子軌域">分子軌域</a>。<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1s}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1s}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59a6d7a59b12f82f6b269b57b2d9eca77c99d4cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.253ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1s}"></span>和<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2s}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2s}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bac399360184e2035dbaea694e969a385cb16a6c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.253ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2s}"></span>原子軌域分別結合，形成<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{s}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{s}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7dd7cc6addb753842e32a8395d8bd3d89e4eb103" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.331ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{s}}"></span>成鍵分子軌域和<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sigma _{s}}^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sigma _{s}}^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbef1103e06fb15595907c5f9c2ca5f473dfd7d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.385ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sigma _{s}}^{*}}"></span>反鍵分子軌域。<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff0d3e38652941fc7a2844611f6c7fa8a23104a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.332ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2p}"></span>原子軌域結合後，成為6個能級不同的分子軌域──<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{p}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd141c4b4b162275b62a7b903a1a065271fae3cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.387ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi _{x}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi _{x}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/448d6f4c79864182523a46a364afc39a7bd20957" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.498ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi _{x}}"></span>和<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi _{y}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi _{y}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/249d80d3b144ce57903672ad48ec74b18979aff2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.374ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi _{y}}"></span>成鍵軌域，以及對應的<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sigma _{p}}^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sigma _{p}}^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7335a3291bae9cca7f422e439b7e11521cb726fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.441ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sigma _{p}}^{*}}"></span>、<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\pi _{x}}^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\pi _{x}}^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8a731ef9b1ac10c09b55a7dcfd0deab2124cbfdb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.552ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\pi _{x}}^{*}}"></span>和<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\pi _{y}}^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\pi _{y}}^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c69a740ffa9cdef7c0ffabb2bc295e00c9877738" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.429ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\pi _{y}}^{*}}"></span>反鍵軌域，其中兩個<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }"></span>軌域及兩個π*的能量分別相同。<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>電子按照<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="構造原理">構造原理</a>，從低能量至高能量順序填入分子軌域。<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff0d3e38652941fc7a2844611f6c7fa8a23104a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.332ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2p}"></span>電子共有8個，其中兩個填入<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{p}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd141c4b4b162275b62a7b903a1a065271fae3cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.387ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p}}"></span>，四個分別成對填入兩個<a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" title="Π軌域">π軌域</a>，餘下兩個不成對地分別填入兩個<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f44ad69ec033a9a86437b2edaf620ea0b2c3f494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.388ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"></span>軌域。從成鍵軌域電子數和反鍵軌域電子數可得出，氧氣分子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%B5%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="鍵級">鍵級</a>為<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {6-2}{2}}=2}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>6</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {6-2}{2}}=2}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5822aca94088c60375e98399d6d9e10e627994d1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.262ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {6-2}{2}}=2}"></span>。<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett2002_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這兩個不成對電子是氧氣分子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子">價電子</a>，它們決定了氧氣的性質。 </p><p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%BE%B7%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="洪德规则">洪德規則</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%80%81" title="基态">基態</a>下兩個價電子的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a>互相平行，因此氧氣分子的最低能態為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E6%80%81" title="三重态">三重態</a>，即有三個能量相同而自旋不同的量子態。由於兩個價電子不成對，所以兩個<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f44ad69ec033a9a86437b2edaf620ea0b2c3f494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.388ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"></span>軌域均處於半滿的狀態。這使得氧氣有雙<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA" title="自由基">自由基</a>的性質，還可以解釋氧氣的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁性</a>。（氧氣分子之間的負<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="交换作用">交換能</a>也導致一部分的順磁性。）<sup id="cite_ref-"NBB303">_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"NBB303">-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BiochemOnline_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BiochemOnline-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由於含不成對電子，所以氧氣與多數<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="有机分子">有機分子</a>的反應較慢，有機物因而不會自發燃燒。<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>氧氣分子除了有能量最低的三重態（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{3}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </munder> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{3}\textstyle \sum _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/065aafaf18b4f1b8c856cc3e7bbbc919c23c9be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:4.917ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{3}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"></span>）以外，還有兩種能量高得多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="单态">單態</a>。在這兩個<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E7%99%BC%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="激發態">激發態</a>下，兩個價電子的自旋互相反平行，違反洪德規則。這兩種單態的差別在於，兩個價電子是位於同一個<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f44ad69ec033a9a86437b2edaf620ea0b2c3f494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.388ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"></span>軌域中（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6be10bbcce8de4b006df015c63ec871e72eaf5d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.012ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}"></span>），還是分開佔據兩個<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f44ad69ec033a9a86437b2edaf620ea0b2c3f494" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.388ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi ^{*}}"></span>軌域（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </munder> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b58da78d92ab6fc476b2477fedcd9bb7b94f778c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:4.917ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"></span>）。<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </munder> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b58da78d92ab6fc476b2477fedcd9bb7b94f778c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:4.917ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"></span>在能量上不穩定，會迅速變為更穩定的<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6be10bbcce8de4b006df015c63ec871e72eaf5d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.012ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}"></span>。<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </munder> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b58da78d92ab6fc476b2477fedcd9bb7b94f778c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:4.917ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{1}\textstyle \sum _{g}}"></span>狀態下的氧氣有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="抗磁性">抗磁性</a>，而<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6be10bbcce8de4b006df015c63ec871e72eaf5d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.012ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{1}\Delta _{g}}"></span>狀態下的氧氣則因為既有的軌道<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%A9" title="磁矩">磁矩</a>而具有順磁性，其磁強度與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%81%E6%B0%A7" title="三线态氧">三重態氧</a>相約。<sup id="cite_ref-Hasegawa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasegawa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shinkarenko_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinkarenko-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>單態氧對於有機物的反應性比普通氧氣分子強得多。短波長光在分解<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流層</a>中的臭氧時會產生單態氧。<sup id="cite_ref-harrison_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harrison-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="免疫系統">免疫系統</a>中，單態氧是活性氧的來源之一。<sup id="cite_ref-immune-ozone_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immune-ozone-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>會利用陽光的能量，從水產生出<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B7%9A%E6%85%8B%E6%B0%A7" title="單線態氧">單重態氧</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在進行光合作用的生物中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E8%83%A1%E8%98%BF%E8%94%94%E7%B4%A0" title="類胡蘿蔔素">類胡蘿蔔素</a>有助吸收單態氧的能量，並將它轉換成基態氧，從而避免單態氧對組織造成損壞。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制取"><span id=".E5.88.B6.E5.8F.96"></span>制取</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：制取"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="发生"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E7.94.9F"></span>发生</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：发生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="化学方法"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>化学方法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：化学方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>加热<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="氯酸钾">氯酸钾</a></dt> <dd>实验室小规模制氧一般会加热<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="氯酸钾">氯酸钾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化锰</a>的混合物，生成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>气和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="氯化钾">氯化钾</a>。其中，二氧化锰是催化剂。其发生装置是固固加热型，需要使用试管。</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KClO3{\overset {MnO2}{\underset {\vartriangle }{=\!=\!=\!=}}}{2KCl}+3O2\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KClO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <munder> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo class="MJX-variant">△</mo> </munder> <msubsup> <mtext>MnO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>KCl</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2KClO3{\overset {MnO2}{\underset {\vartriangle }{=\!=\!=\!=}}}{2KCl}+3O2\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/910d89d14c36474ed4e2613c1eba2d389fbd99f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:29.359ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KClO3{\overset {MnO2}{\underset {\vartriangle }{=\!=\!=\!=}}}{2KCl}+3O2\uparrow }}}"></span></dd> <dd>用此方法制得的氧气通常混有少量刺激性气味的气体<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a>。</dd> <dt>加热<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="高锰酸钾">高锰酸钾</a></dt> <dd>加热高锰酸钾生成锰酸钾、二氧化锰和氧气。发生装置与加热氯酸钾制氧气的装置相同，但试管口需要塞棉花，避免加热时高锰酸钾粉末进入导管而堵塞导管。导管被堵塞时，试管内压强增大，有可能导致试管炸裂。</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KMnO_{4}{\overset {\vartriangle }{=\!=}}{K2MnO4}+{MnO2}+O2\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KMnO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo class="MJX-variant">△</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>MnO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>MnO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2KMnO_{4}{\overset {\vartriangle }{=\!=}}{K2MnO4}+{MnO2}+O2\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbed7cda35f3e281de9228dd1b69562d3b0e72f4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:38.658ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KMnO_{4}{\overset {\vartriangle }{=\!=}}{K2MnO4}+{MnO2}+O2\uparrow }}}"></span></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="分解反应">分解</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="过氧化氢">过氧化氢</a></dt> <dd>用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="过氧化氢">过氧化氢</a>溶液（双氧水）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化锰</a>反应的方法也可以制得氧气，同时产生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>。发生装置为固液不加热型装置，通常使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A5%E5%BD%A2%E7%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="锥形瓶">锥形瓶</a>，有时需要<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B6%B2%E6%BC%8F%E6%96%97" title="分液漏斗">分液漏斗</a>。</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O2{\overset {MnO2}{=\!=\!=\!=}}{2H2O}+O2\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>MnO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O2{\overset {MnO2}{=\!=\!=\!=}}{2H2O}+O2\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/08a20a6ab9e172f7b00046095f94f2695df17805" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:26.946ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O2{\overset {MnO2}{=\!=\!=\!=}}{2H2O}+O2\uparrow }}}"></span></dd> <dd>这种方法简单易操作，节约能源，且生成物没有污染，是实验室制取氧气的常用方法之一。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3" title="电解">电解</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a></dt> <dd>电解水也能制得氧气。电解水时，正极产生氧气，负极产生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a>。氢气的体积比氧气体积的2倍多一点点（氧气不易溶于水，氢气难溶于水）。</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O{\overset {\text{通　电}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}{2H2\uparrow }+O2\uparrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>通　电</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O{\overset {\text{通　电}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}{2H2\uparrow }+O2\uparrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2bd36fe5526ece243ec1f9003980bc255f52634" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:25.891ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O{\overset {\text{通　电}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}{2H2\uparrow }+O2\uparrow }}}"></span></dd> <dd>需要注意的是，化学方程式中的“通电”不能写成“电解”。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="物理方法"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>物理方法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：物理方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>物理制取氧气的方法通常用于工业上。使用分离液态空气法（利用空气中各气体的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a>不同来分离出氧气）。 </p> <dl><dt>低温制取</dt> <dd>氧气的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a>与其他气体不同，所以可以利用这一特性将空气冷却至-200℃以下，然后滤出氧气。</dd> <dt>分子筛</dt> <dd>高分子透氧膜可以快速将氧气过滤出来。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="收集"><span id=".E6.94.B6.E9.9B.86"></span>收集</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：收集"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氧气不易溶于水，密度比空气大，所以可以用排水集氣法收集比较纯的氧气，或者使用向上排空气法收集较干燥的氧气。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="装瓶"><span id=".E8.A3.85.E7.93.B6"></span>装瓶</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：装瓶"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国国家标准规定，氧气气瓶为淡蓝色<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而美国则用绿色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="单线态氧和三线态氧"><span id=".E5.8D.95.E7.BA.BF.E6.80.81.E6.B0.A7.E5.92.8C.E4.B8.89.E7.BA.BF.E6.80.81.E6.B0.A7"></span>单线态氧和三线态氧</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：单线态氧和三线态氧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>普通氧气含有两个未配对的电子，等同于一个双游离基。两个未配对电子的自旋状态相同，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="自旋量子数">自旋量子数</a>之和S = 1，2S + 1 = 3，因而基态的氧分子自旋多重性为3，称为三线态氧。 </p><p>在受激发下，氧气分子的两个未配对电子发生配对，自旋量子数的代数和 S = 0，2S + 1 = 1，称为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="单线态氧" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Singlet oxygen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B7%9A%E6%85%8B%E6%B0%A7" title="單線態氧">单线态氧</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_oxygen" class="extiw" title="en:Singlet oxygen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Singlet oxygen</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>空气中的氧气绝大多数为三线态氧。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="紫外线">紫外线</a>的照射及一些有机分子对氧气的能量传递是形成单线态氧的主要原因。单线态氧的氧化能力高于三线态氧。 </p><p>单线态氧的分子類似<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="烯烴">烯烴</a>分子，因而可以和雙烯發生<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="狄尔斯-阿尔德反应">狄爾斯-阿爾德反應</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="毒性"><span id=".E6.AF.92.E6.80.A7"></span>毒性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：毒性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然呼吸需要氧气，但是人和动物长期待在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%8B%E6%B0%A7%E8%88%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高压氧舱（页面不存在）">高压氧舱</a>中，或者呼吸纯氧会发生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="氧气中毒">氧气中毒</a>，造成神经中毒的现象。其毒理过程为肺部毛细管屏障被破坏，导致肺水肿、肺淤血和出血，严重影响呼吸功能，进而使各脏器缺氧而发生损害。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途"><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>氧氣的運用包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼鐵">鋼鐵</a>的冶煉、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99" title="塑料">塑料</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A1%E7%B9%94%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="紡織品">紡織品</a>的製造以及作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%89%82" title="火箭推进剂">火箭推進劑</a>與進行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氧气疗法">氧氣療法</a>，也用來在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="飛機">飛機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87" title="潛艇">潛艇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="太空船">太空船</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="潛水">潛水</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BD" title="火災">火災</a>中維持生命。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="供给呼吸"><span id=".E4.BE.9B.E7.BB.99.E5.91.BC.E5.90.B8"></span>供给呼吸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：供给呼吸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a></div> <p>除<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="厭氧菌">厌氧菌</a>外，几乎所有的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>都需要氧气来<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>。生物细胞内的线粒体会将氧气转化为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>，同时释放<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>。同时，绿色植物<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%BB%BF%E4%BD%93" title="叶绿体">叶绿体</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>迅速产生氧气。当<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>内消费者（或二氧化碳排放）过多而绿色植物（生产者）过少，氧气就会减少，即破坏碳—氧平衡、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="温室效应">温室效应</a>。 </p><p>在太空船等封闭空间，人呼吸会消耗氧气，此时可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a>使二氧化碳转化为氧气。在室内等封闭空间摆放绿色植物也可以增加氧气，但是绿色植物在晚上或者阴雨天不适宜摆在室内。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="助燃"><span id=".E5.8A.A9.E7.87.83"></span>助燃</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：助燃"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧">燃烧</a></div> <p>几乎所有的可燃物燃烧都需要氧气。能够支持聚合物燃烧的氧气的最小浓度叫作<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90%E6%B0%A7%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="極限氧指數">极限氧指数</a>。 </p><p>可燃物燃烧是剧烈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化反应">氧化反应</a>，常见的燃烧有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {S{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}SO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>S</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {S{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}SO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b02acf1b69653d031c1da95fe9d49414d8a9e740" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.221ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {S{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}SO2}}}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>： <ul><li>氧气充足时：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84a1ebf3bab64fe5c1f8ae88e7378b50ed4c0dbb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.993ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}CO2}}}"></span></li> <li>氧气不充足时：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2C{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2CO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2C{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2CO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfd7fda24c66b4a794db8f7a59f991c468699aab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:20.037ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2C{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2CO}}}"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a>：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2MgO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>MgO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2MgO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d8e234af4fb6b79087615acc502bf4aeaf1488da" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.268ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Mg{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2MgO}}}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>：只能在纯氧中燃烧：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe{}+2O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}Fe3O4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe{}+2O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}Fe3O4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f7dcea416cd005c01f3783f0a52b87e02c53730b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.89ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {3Fe{}+2O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}Fe3O4}}}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CO{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2CO{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15b66fe3e1a72f5c45518bf70330ec6c9a2311ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:22.9ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CO{}+O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2CO2}}}"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>：<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {4P{}+5O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2P2O5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>P</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>点　燃</mtext> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>P</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {4P{}+5O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2P2O5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd7cdfe5c7b25a7fc25fa2b60ed6ca65555ab697" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.505ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {4P{}+5O2{\overset {\text{点　燃}}{=\!=\!=\!=}}2P2O5}}}"></span></li> <li>……</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a>是一个例外。<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a>在氧气、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮气</a>中都能够<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧">燃烧</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另见"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A7.81"></span>另见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：另见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考来源"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>参考来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：参考来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-4"><sup><b>1.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-5"><sup><b>1.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_97th_Edition_1-6"><sup><b>1.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite 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Biochemistry Online. Saint John's University. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-01-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/oxphos/oldioxygenchem.html">原始内容</a>存档于2018-10-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+Oxidation-Phosphorylation%2C+the+Chemistry+of+Di-Oxygen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.aulast=Jakubowski&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femployees.csbsju.edu%2Fhjakubowski%2Fclasses%2Fch331%2Foxphos%2Foldioxygenchem.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiss2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weiss2008_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Weiss, H. 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E.; Wentworth, A. D.; Takeuchi, C.; Nieva, J.; Jones, T.; Bautista, C.; Ruedi, J. M.; et al. Evidence for Antibody-Catalyzed Ozone Formation in Bacterial Killing and Inflammation. Science. 2002-12-13, <b>298</b> (5601): 2195–219. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...298.2195W"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2002Sci...298.2195W</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434011"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 12434011</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1077642"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1077642</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Antibody-Catalyzed+Ozone+Formation+in+Bacterial+Killing+and+Inflammation&rft.au=Babior%2C+B.+M.&rft.au=Bautista%2C+C.&rft.au=Eschenmoser%2C+A.&rft.au=Gutierrez%2C+A.&rft.au=Janda%2C+K.+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+T.&rft.au=Lerner%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=McDunn%2C+J.+E.&rft.au=Nieva%2C+J.&rft.au=Ruedi%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Takeuchi%2C+C.&rft.au=Wentworth%2C+A.+D.&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Wentworth&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5601&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=2195-219&rft.volume=298&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Sci...298.2195W&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1077642&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12434011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Krieger-Liszkay, Anja. Singlet oxygen production in photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botanics (Oxford Journals). 2004-10-13, <b>56</b> (411): 337–46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310815"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 15310815</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjxb%2Ferh237"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1093/jxb/erh237</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&rft.atitle=Singlet+oxygen+production+in+photosynthesis&rft.aufirst=Anja&rft.aulast=Krieger-Liszkay&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=411&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Botanics&rft.pages=337-46&rft.volume=56&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjxb%2Ferh237&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15310815&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hirayama, Osamu; Nakamura, Kyoko; Hamada, Syoko; Kobayasi, Yoko. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_lipids_1994-02_29_2/page/149">Singlet oxygen quenching ability of naturally occurring carotenoids</a>. Lipids (Springer). 1994, <b>29</b> (2): 149–50. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8152349"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 8152349</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02537155"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/BF02537155</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&rft.atitle=Singlet+oxygen+quenching+ability+of+naturally+occurring+carotenoids&rft.au=Hamada%2C+Syoko&rft.au=Kobayasi%2C+Yoko&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Kyoko&rft.aufirst=Osamu&rft.aulast=Hirayama&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Lipids&rft.pages=149-50&rft.volume=29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_lipids_1994-02_29_2%2Fpage%2F149&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02537155&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8152349&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GB 7144-2016，《气瓶颜色标志》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdcwy.cn/news.asp?id=686">氧气危害表现</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520053913/http://www.sdcwy.cn/news.asp?id=686">存档</a>于2018-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdcwy.cn%2Fnews.asp%3Fid%3D686&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7" title="液氧">液氧</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:氧的同素异形体"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="氧的同素异形体" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93" title="氧的同素异形体">氧的同素异形体</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:25%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="氧元素">氧原子</a> <br /> <small><span class="chemf nowrap">O</span></small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:25%;;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>氧2</b></a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B7%9A%E6%85%8B%E6%B0%A7" title="單線態氧">单线态</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%81%E6%B0%A7" title="三线态氧">三线态</a>)</small><br /> <small><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:25%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">氧3（<b>臭氧</b>）</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="環臭氧">环臭氧</a></small> <br /> <small><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />3</span></span></small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:25%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A74" title="氧4">氧4</a> <br /> <small><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />4</span></span></small> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:25%;;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%B0%A7" title="固氧">氧8（固氧）</a> <br /> <small><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />8</span></span></small> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="以雙原子分子形式存在的元素單質" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Template:雙原子分子"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Template talk:雙原子分子"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:雙原子分子"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="以雙原子分子形式存在的元素單質" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">雙原子分子</a>形式存在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">元素</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">常見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A3" title="氮氣">氮氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">氧气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E6%B0%94" title="氟气">氟气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%B4" title="双原子溴">溴氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%A2%98" title="双原子碘">碘氣</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">罕见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="氦二聚体">氦二聚体</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%8B%B0" title="二鋰">二鋰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%A2%B3" title="双原子碳">双原子碳</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="氖二聚体">氖二聚体</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二鈉" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Disodium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二鈉（页面不存在）">二鈉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disodium" class="extiw" title="fr:Disodium"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Disodium</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7" title="二磷">二磷</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB" title="二硫">二硫</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氩二聚体" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Dimère d'argon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A9%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氩二聚体（页面不存在）">氩二聚体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A8re_d%27argon" class="extiw" title="fr:Dimère d'argon"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Dimère d'argon</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">铬</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二铷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="dirubidium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二铷（页面不存在）">二铷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dirubidium" class="extiw" title="en:dirubidium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">dirubidium</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="钼二聚体" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Dimolybdène"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%BC%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钼二聚体（页面不存在）">钼二聚体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimolybd%C3%A8ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Dimolybdène"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Dimolybdène</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">钨</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">铀</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">奇異</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="雙電子偶素">雙電子偶素</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">Ps<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=氧气&oldid=84654361">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=氧气&oldid=84654361</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E7%95%B0%E5%BD%A2%E9%AB%94" title="Category:氧的同素異形體">氧的同素異形體</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Category:世界卫生组织基本药物">世界卫生组织基本药物</a></li><li><a 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