CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2a2bb8f3-7529-4231-b140-38962f9e8bc6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes","wgTitle":"List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes","wgCurRevisionId":1259006050,"wgRevisionId":1259006050,"wgArticleId":28666341,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from December 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2016","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from July 2020", "Use American English from July 2020","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","American politicians convicted of crimes","Lists of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes","Lists of politicians convicted of crimes"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes","wgRelevantArticleId":28666341,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false ,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6561453","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes rootpage-List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-1776–1897" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1776–1897"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 1776–1897 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1776–1897-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1901–1909_(Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1901–1909_(Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 1901–1909 (Theodore Roosevelt presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1901–1909_(Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1901–1909 (Theodore Roosevelt presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1901–1909_(Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1909–1913_(William_Howard_Taft_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1909–1913_(William_Howard_Taft_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 1909–1913 (William Howard Taft presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1909–1913_(William_Howard_Taft_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1909–1913 (William Howard Taft presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1909–1913_(William_Howard_Taft_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Judicial branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1921–1923_(Warren_G._Harding_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1921–1923_(Warren_G._Harding_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 1921–1923 (Warren G. Harding presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1921–1923_(Warren_G._Harding_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1921–1923 (Warren G. Harding presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1921–1923_(Warren_G._Harding_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1923–1929_(Calvin_Coolidge_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1923–1929_(Calvin_Coolidge_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 1923–1929 (Calvin Coolidge presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1923–1929_(Calvin_Coolidge_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1923–1929 (Calvin Coolidge presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1923–1929_(Calvin_Coolidge_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1929–1933_(Herbert_Hoover_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1929–1933_(Herbert_Hoover_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 1929–1933 (Herbert Hoover presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1929–1933_(Herbert_Hoover_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1929–1933 (Herbert Hoover presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1929–1933_(Herbert_Hoover_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1933–1945_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1933–1945_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 1933–1945 (Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1933–1945_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1933–1945 (Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1933–1945_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–1953_(Harry_S._Truman_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1953_(Harry_S._Truman_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 1945–1953 (Harry S. Truman presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1945–1953_(Harry_S._Truman_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1945–1953 (Harry S. Truman presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1945–1953_(Harry_S._Truman_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1953–1961_(Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1953–1961_(Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 1953–1961 (Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1953–1961_(Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1953–1961 (Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1953–1961_(Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1961–1963_(John_F._Kennedy_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1961–1963_(John_F._Kennedy_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 1961–1963 (John F. Kennedy presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1961–1963_(John_F._Kennedy_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1961–1963 (John F. Kennedy presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1961–1963_(John_F._Kennedy_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1963–1969_(Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963–1969_(Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 1963–1969 (Lyndon B. Johnson presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1963–1969_(Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1963–1969 (Lyndon B. Johnson presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1963–1969_(Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1969–1974_(Richard_M._Nixon_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1969–1974_(Richard_M._Nixon_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 1969–1974 (Richard M. Nixon presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1969–1974_(Richard_M._Nixon_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1969–1974 (Richard M. Nixon presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1969–1974_(Richard_M._Nixon_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974–1977_(Gerald_R._Ford_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974–1977_(Gerald_R._Ford_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 1974–1977 (Gerald R. Ford presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1974–1977_(Gerald_R._Ford_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1974–1977 (Gerald R. Ford presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1974–1977_(Gerald_R._Ford_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1977–1981_(Jimmy_Carter_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1977–1981_(Jimmy_Carter_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 1977–1981 (Jimmy Carter presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1977–1981_(Jimmy_Carter_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1977–1981 (Jimmy Carter presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1977–1981_(Jimmy_Carter_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1981–1989_(Ronald_Reagan_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1981–1989_(Ronald_Reagan_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 1981–1989 (Ronald Reagan presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1981–1989_(Ronald_Reagan_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1981–1989 (Ronald Reagan presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1981–1989_(Ronald_Reagan_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Judicial branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1989–1993_(George_H._W._Bush_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1989–1993_(George_H._W._Bush_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 1989–1993 (George H. W. Bush presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1989–1993_(George_H._W._Bush_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1989–1993 (George H. W. Bush presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1989–1993_(George_H._W._Bush_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.3 Judicial branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993–2001_(Bill_Clinton_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993–2001_(Bill_Clinton_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 1993–2001 (Bill Clinton presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1993–2001_(Bill_Clinton_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1993–2001 (Bill Clinton presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1993–2001_(Bill_Clinton_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_15" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_15"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_15-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001–2009_(George_W._Bush_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001–2009_(George_W._Bush_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 2001–2009 (George W. Bush presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2001–2009_(George_W._Bush_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2001–2009 (George W. Bush presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2001–2009_(George_W._Bush_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009–2017_(Barack_Obama_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009–2017_(Barack_Obama_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 2009–2017 (Barack Obama presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2009–2017_(Barack_Obama_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2009–2017 (Barack Obama presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2009–2017_(Barack_Obama_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_17" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_17"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_17-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.3 Judicial branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017–2021_(Donald_Trump_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017–2021_(Donald_Trump_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 2017–2021 (Donald Trump presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2017–2021_(Donald_Trump_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2017–2021 (Donald Trump presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2017–2021_(Donald_Trump_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_18" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_18"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_18-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021–present_(Joe_Biden_presidency)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021–present_(Joe_Biden_presidency)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 2021–present (Joe Biden presidency) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2021–present_(Joe_Biden_presidency)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2021–present (Joe Biden presidency) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2021–present_(Joe_Biden_presidency)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch_19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch_19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21.1 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch_19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 23 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" > Add languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6561453#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&oldid=1259006050" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&id=1259006050&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6561453" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> This list consists of American <a href="/wiki/Politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicians">politicians</a> convicted of crimes either committed or prosecuted while holding office in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a>. It includes politicians who were convicted or pleaded guilty in a court of law; and does not include politicians involved in unprosecuted scandals (which may or may not have been illegal in nature), or politicians who have only been arrested or indicted. The list also does not include crimes that occur outside the politician's tenure unless they specifically stem from acts while they were in office. It does not include convictions which were vacated (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Ted Stevens</a> (R)), but does include convictions that were pardoned. Although the convicted politicians are arranged by presidential terms in chronological order, many of the crimes have little or no connection to who is president. Since the passage of <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20th Amendment</a> on January 23, 1933, presidential terms have begun on January 20 of the year following the presidential election; prior to that, they began on March 4. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1776–1897">1776–1897</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1776–1897">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lyon" title="Matthew Lyon">Matthew Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">DR</a>-VT). First Congressman to be recommended for censure after spitting on <a href="/wiki/Roger_Griswold" title="Roger Griswold">Roger Griswold</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a>-<a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>). The censure failed to pass.<a href="#cite_note-lyon1-1">[1]</a> Separately, found guilty of violating <a href="/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts" title="Alien and Sedition Acts">Alien and Sedition Acts</a> and sentenced to four months in jail, during which time he was re-elected (1798).<a href="#cite_note-lyon2-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Mitchell" title="Charles F. Mitchell">Charles F. Mitchell</a> (R-NY) U.S. Representative from New York's 33rd District was convicted of forgery, sentenced to one year in prison and fined, though he was paroled early due to poor health (1841).<a href="#cite_note-cfmitchell1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-cfmitchell2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-cfmitchell3-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-cfmitchell4-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-cfmitchell5-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smalls" title="Robert Smalls">Robert Smalls</a> (R-SC) U.S. Representative from South Carolina was charged with accepting a $5,000 (equivalent to $143,063 in 2023) bribe during 1877 in relation to a government printing contract and found guilty.<a href="#cite_note-smalls-8">[8]</a> Smalls was pardoned in 1879 by South Carolina Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Dunlap_Simpson" title="William Dunlap Simpson">William Simpson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smalls-8">[8]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1901–1909_(Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency)">1901–1909 (Theodore Roosevelt presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1901–1909 (Theodore Roosevelt presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Burton" title="Joseph R. Burton">Joseph R. Burton</a> Senator (R-KS) was convicted of accepting a $2,500 (equivalent to $84,778 in 2023) bribe (1904).<a href="#cite_note-burton-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hipple_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hipple Mitchell">John Hipple Mitchell</a> Senator (R-OR) was involved with the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_land_fraud_scandal" title="Oregon land fraud scandal">Oregon land fraud scandal</a>, for which he was <a href="/wiki/Indicted" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicted">indicted</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convicted" class="mw-redirect" title="Convicted">convicted</a> while a sitting U.S. Senator (1905).<a href="#cite_note-jhmitchell-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Cassel" title="Henry B. Cassel">Henry B. Cassel</a> (R-PA) was convicted of fraud related to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Capitol" title="Pennsylvania State Capitol">Pennsylvania State Capitol</a> (1909).<a href="#cite_note-cassel1-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-cassel2-12">[12]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1909–1913_(William_Howard_Taft_presidency)">1909–1913 (William Howard Taft presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1909–1913 (William Howard Taft presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_2">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Lorimer_(politician)" title="William Lorimer (politician)">William Lorimer</a> Senator (R-IL), The 'blond boss of Chicago' was found guilty of accepting bribes in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-lorimer-13">[13]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Judicial branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Archbald" title="Robert W. Archbald">Robert W. Archbald</a> (R) Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a>, was convicted of corruption in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-archbald-14">[14]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1921–1923_(Warren_G._Harding_presidency)">1921–1923 (Warren G. Harding presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1921–1923 (Warren G. Harding presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fall" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Fall">Albert Fall</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> who was bribed by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ford_Sinclair" title="Harry Ford Sinclair">Harry F. Sinclair</a> for control of the <a href="/wiki/Teapot_Dome_scandal" title="Teapot Dome scandal">Teapot Dome</a> federal oil reserves in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison (1922).<a href="#cite_note-fall-15">[15]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1923–1929_(Calvin_Coolidge_presidency)">1923–1929 (Calvin Coolidge presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1923–1929 (Calvin Coolidge presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_2">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_P._MacCracken_Jr." title="William P. MacCracken Jr.">William P. MacCracken Jr.</a> (R) Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics convicted of <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contempt of congress">contempt of congress</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Air_Mail_scandal" title="Air Mail scandal">Air Mail scandal</a> (1934).<a href="#cite_note-DDL-16">[16]</a>: 436 </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_3">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Langley" title="John W. Langley">John W. Langley</a> (R-KY) convicted of violating the Volstead Act (Prohibition). He had also been caught trying to bribe a Prohibition officer. He was sentenced to two years, after which his wife <a href="/wiki/Katherine_G._Langley" title="Katherine G. Langley">Katherine G. Langley</a> ran for Congress in his place and won two full terms (1926).<a href="#cite_note-langley1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-langley2-18">[18]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1929–1933_(Herbert_Hoover_presidency)">1929–1933 (Herbert Hoover presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1929–1933 (Herbert Hoover presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_4">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_E._Rowbottom" title="Harry E. Rowbottom">Harry E. Rowbottom</a> (R-IN) was convicted in Federal court of accepting bribes from persons who sought post office appointments. He served one year in Leavenworth (1931).<a href="#cite_note-rowbottom-19">[19]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1933–1945_(Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency)">1933–1945 (Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1933–1945 (Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_5">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Hogan" title="Michael J. Hogan">Michael J. Hogan</a> (R-NY) was convicted of bribery and sentenced to a year and a day in a Federal Penitentiary (1935).<a href="#cite_note-hogan1-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-hogan2-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-hogan3-22">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ernest_Foulkes" title="George Ernest Foulkes">George Ernest Foulkes</a> (D-MI) was convicted of bribery (1935).<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_F._Snow" title="Donald F. Snow">Donald F. Snow</a> (R-ME) was convicted of bribery (1935).<a href="#cite_note-CSMpg1-12-19-1935-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Hoeppel" title="John H. Hoeppel">John H. Hoeppel</a> (D-CA) convicted of selling an appointment to the West Point Military Academy. He was fined $1,000 (equivalent to $21,957 in 2023) and sentenced to 4–12 months in jail (1936).<a href="#cite_note-hoeppel-25">[25]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1945–1953_(Harry_S._Truman_presidency)">1945–1953 (Harry S. Truman presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1945–1953 (Harry S. Truman presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_6">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Curley" class="mw-redirect" title="James M. Curley">James M. Curley</a> (D-MA) fined $1,000 (equivalent to $13,645 in 2023) and served six months for fraud before <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> commuted the rest of his sentence (1947).<a href="#cite_note-curley-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._May" title="Andrew J. May">Andrew J. May</a> (D-KY) convicted of accepting bribes from a war munitions manufacturer. Was sentenced to 9 months in prison, after which he was pardoned by Truman (1947).<a href="#cite_note-may-27">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Parnell_Thomas" title="J. Parnell Thomas">J. Parnell Thomas</a> (R-NJ) was convicted of salary fraud and given an 18-month sentence and a fine. He was imprisoned in Danbury Prison. After serving his 18 months he was pardoned by Truman (1950).<a href="#cite_note-thomas-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_E._Brehm" title="Walter E. Brehm">Walter E. Brehm</a> (R-OH) convicted of accepting contributions illegally from one of his employees. Received a 15-month suspended sentence and a $5,000 (equivalent to $58,692 in 2023) fine (1951).<a href="#cite_note-brehm-29">[29]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1953–1961_(Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency)">1953–1961 (Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1953–1961 (Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_7">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orland_K._Armstrong" title="Orland K. Armstrong">Orland K. Armstrong</a> (R-MO) was convicted of fraud (1953).<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_K._Bramblett" title="Ernest K. Bramblett">Ernest K. Bramblett</a> (R-CA) received a suspended sentence and a $5,000 (equivalent to $56,729 in 2023) fine for making false statements in connection with payroll padding and kickbacks from congressional employees (1954).<a href="#cite_note-bramblett-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Thomas J. Lane</a> (D-MA) convicted for evading taxes on his congressional income. Served 4 months in prison, but was re-elected three more times<a href="#cite_note-lane1-32">[32]</a> (1956).<a href="#cite_note-lane2-33">[33]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1961–1963_(John_F._Kennedy_presidency)">1961–1963 (John F. Kennedy presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1961–1963 (John F. Kennedy presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_8">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Johnson" title="Thomas Francis Johnson">Thomas F. Johnson</a> (D-MD) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest regarding the receipt of illegal gratuities (1962).<a href="#cite_note-tfjohnson-34">[34]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1963–1969_(Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency)">1963–1969 (Lyndon B. Johnson presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1963–1969 (Lyndon B. Johnson presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_9">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Boykin" title="Frank W. Boykin">Frank W. Boykin</a> (D-AL) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest (1963).<a href="#cite_note-boykin-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brewster" title="Daniel Brewster">Daniel Brewster</a> (D-MD) pleaded no contest to accepting "an unlawful gratuity without corrupt intent" (1969).<a href="#cite_note-brewster-36">[36]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1969–1974_(Richard_M._Nixon_presidency)">1969–1974 (Richard M. Nixon presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1969–1974 (Richard M. Nixon presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_3">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate</a> (1972–1973) Republican 'bugging' of the Democratic Party National Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel led to a burglary which was discovered. The cover up of the affair by President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (R) and his staff resulted in 69 government officials being charged and 48 pleading guilty, including seven for actual burglary. Eventually, Nixon resigned his position.<a href="#cite_note-watergate-37">[37]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Mitchell" title="John N. Mitchell">John N. Mitchell</a> (R) former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a>, convicted of perjury.<a href="#cite_note-jnmitchell-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kleindienst" title="Richard Kleindienst">Richard Kleindienst</a> (R) United States Attorney General, convicted of obstruction, given one month in jail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Haldeman" title="H. R. Haldeman">H. R. Haldeman</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Served 18 months in prison.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ehrlichman" title="John Ehrlichman">John Ehrlichman</a> (R) former <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a>, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Served 18 months in prison.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egil_Krogh" title="Egil Krogh">Egil Krogh</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">United States Undersecretary of Transportation</a>, sentenced to six months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dean" title="John Dean">John Dean</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a>, convicted of obstruction of justice, later reduced to felony offenses and served 4 months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Chapin" title="Dwight Chapin">Dwight Chapin</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">Secretary to the President of the United States</a>, convicted of perjury.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Charles Colson</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Liaison" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Public Liaison">Special Counsel to the President for Public Liaison</a>, convicted of obstruction of justice. Served 7 months.</li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a>, pleaded nolo contendere (no contest) to income-tax evasion (1973).<a href="#cite_note-agnew-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Stans" title="Maurice Stans">Maurice Stans</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">United States Secretary of Commerce</a>, pleaded guilty to three counts of violating the reporting sections of the Federal Election Campaign Act and two counts of accepting illegal campaign contributions and was fined $5,000 (1975).<a href="#cite_note-stans-40">[40]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_10">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (D-MA) <a href="/wiki/Chappaquiddick_incident" title="Chappaquiddick incident">drove his car into the channel</a> between <a href="/wiki/Chappaquiddick_Island" title="Chappaquiddick Island">Chappaquiddick Island</a> and Martha's Vineyard, killing passenger <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Kopechne" title="Mary Jo Kopechne">Mary Jo Kopechne</a>. Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and received a suspended sentence of two months (1969)<a href="#cite_note-tedkennedy-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B._McKneally" title="Martin B. McKneally">Martin B. McKneally</a> (R-NY) placed on one year's probation and fined $5,000 (equivalent to $37,617 in 2023) for failing to file income tax return. He had not paid taxes for many years prior (1971).<a href="#cite_note-mckneally-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Edward_Gallagher" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelius Edward Gallagher">Cornelius Gallagher</a> (D-NJ) pleaded guilty to tax evasion, and served two years in prison (1972).<a href="#cite_note-gallagher-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Irving_Whalley" title="J. Irving Whalley">J. Irving Whalley</a> (R-PA) received suspended three-year sentence and fined $11,000 (equivalent to $75,499 in 2023) in 1973 for using mails to deposit staff salary kickbacks and threatening an employee to prevent her from giving information to the FBI (1973).<a href="#cite_note-beers-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Reinecke" title="Edwin Reinecke">Edwin Reinecke</a> (R-CA) convicted of perjury and sentenced to 18 months in prison as part of the Watergate investigation (1973).<a href="#cite_note-Sentenced-45">[45]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1974–1977_(Gerald_R._Ford_presidency)">1974–1977 (Gerald R. Ford presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1974–1977 (Gerald R. Ford presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_4">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Butz" title="Earl Butz">Earl Butz</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">United States Secretary of Agriculture</a>. He was charged with failing to report more than $148,000 of income in 1978. Butz pleaded guilty to the tax evasion charge and was sentenced to 30 days in jail and five years of probation and was ordered to make restitution. He served 25 days behind bars before his release.<a href="#cite_note-butz1-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-butz2-47">[47]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_11">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowdy" title="John Dowdy">John V. Dowdy</a> (D-TX) convicted of perjury and served six months in prison (1973).<a href="#cite_note-dowdy1-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-dowdy2-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Hanna" title="Richard T. Hanna">Richard T. Hanna</a> (D-CA) convicted in an influence-buying scandal (1974).<a href="#cite_note-hanna1-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Brasco" title="Frank J. Brasco">Frank Brasco</a> (D-NY) sentenced to five years in jail and fined $10,000 (equivalent to $61,781 in 2023) for conspiracy to accept bribes from a reputed Mafia figure who sought truck leasing contracts from the Post Office and loans to buy trucks (1974).<a href="#cite_note-beers-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_L._Podell" title="Bertram L. Podell">Bertram Podell</a> (D-NY) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest. He was fined $5,000 (equivalent to $30,891 in 2023) and served four months in prison (1974).<a href="#cite_note-podell-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Hastings" title="James F. Hastings">James F. Hastings</a> (R-NY) convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud, he also took money from his employees for personal use. Served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976).<a href="#cite_note-jfhastings-52">[52]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1977–1981_(Jimmy_Carter_presidency)">1977–1981 (Jimmy Carter presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 1977–1981 (Jimmy Carter presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_12">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Hinshaw" title="Andrew J. Hinshaw">Andrew J. Hinshaw</a> (R-CA) US Representative was convicted of accepting bribes. He served one year in prison (1977).<a href="#cite_note-hinshaw1-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-hinshaw2-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Alvin_Tonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Alvin Tonry">Richard Tonry</a> (D-LA) pleaded guilty to receiving illegal campaign contributions (1977).<a href="#cite_note-tonry-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Diggs" title="Charles Diggs">Charles Diggs</a> (D-MI), convicted on 29 charges of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms which formed a kickback scheme with his staff. Sentenced to three years (1978).<a href="#cite_note-diggs-56">[56]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Herbert_Burke" title="J. Herbert Burke">J. Herbert Burke</a> (R-FL) pleaded guilty to disorderly intoxication, resisting arrest, and nolo contendere to an additional charge of witness tampering. He was sentenced to three months plus fines (1978).<a href="#cite_note-burke-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Clark" title="Frank M. Clark">Frank M. Clark</a> (D-PA) pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion and was sentenced to two years in prison (1979).<a href="#cite_note-clark-58">[58]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1981–1989_(Ronald_Reagan_presidency)">1981–1989 (Ronald Reagan presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 1981–1989 (Ronald Reagan presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_5">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reagan_administration_scandals" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan administration scandals">Reagan administration scandals</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a> (1985–1986); A secret sale of arms to Iran, to secure the release of hostages and allow U.S. intelligence agencies to fund the Nicaraguan Contras, in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Boland_Amendment" title="Boland Amendment">Boland Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-contra-59">[59]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Abrams" title="Elliott Abrams">Elliott Abrams</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Inter-American_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs</a>, convicted of withholding evidence. Given 2 years' probation. Later pardoned by President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abrams-60">[60]</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Deaver" title="Michael Deaver">Michael Deaver</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, pleaded guilty to perjury related to lobbying activities and was sentenced to 3 years' probation and fined $100,000 (equivalent to $268,190 in 2023) (1987).<a href="#cite_note-deaver-61">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ill_Wind" title="Operation Ill Wind">Operation Ill Wind</a> was a three-year investigation launched in 1986 by the FBI into corruption by U.S. government and military officials, and private defense contractors. <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_R._Paisley" title="Melvyn R. Paisley">Melvyn Paisley</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-paisley1-62">[62]</a> was found to have accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes. He pleaded guilty to bribery and served four years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-paisley2-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-paisley3-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-paisley4-65">[65]</a></li> <li>Victor D. Cohen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, was the 50th conviction obtained under the Ill Wind probe when he pleaded guilty to accepting bribes and conspiring to defraud the government. He was sentenced to 33 months in prison.<a href="#cite_note-cohen1-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-cohen2-67">[67]</a></li> <li>James E. Gaines, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy, took over when Paisley resigned his office.<a href="#cite_note-gaines1-68">[68]</a> Gaines was convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity and theft and conversion of government property. He was sentenced to six months in prison.<a href="#cite_note-gaines2-69">[69]</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Gore_Dean" title="Deborah Gore Dean">Deborah Gore Dean</a> (R) Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, convicted of fraud (1988).<a href="#cite_note-dean-70">[70]</a></li> <li>Housing and Urban Development Scandal was a controversy concerning bribery by selected contractors for low income housing projects.<a href="#cite_note-hud-71">[71]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Watt" title="James G. Watt">James G. Watt</a> (R) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a>, was charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice. Sentenced to five years' probation, fined $5,000 (equivalent to $9,998 in 2023) and 500 hours of community service (1995).<a href="#cite_note-watt-72">[72]</a></li></ol></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_13">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abscam" title="Abscam">Abscam</a> FBI sting involving fake 'Arabs' trying to bribe 31 congressmen (1980).<a href="#cite_note-abscam-73">[73]</a> The following Congressmen were convicted: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_A._Williams" title="Harrison A. Williams">Harrison A. Williams</a> Senator (D-NJ) Convicted on 9 counts of bribery and conspiracy. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-hwilliams-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jenrette" title="John Jenrette">John Jenrette</a> (D-SC) sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-jenrette-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kelly_(Florida_politician)" title="Richard Kelly (Florida politician)">Richard Kelly</a> (R-FL) Accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.<a href="#cite_note-kelly-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lederer" title="Raymond Lederer">Raymond Lederer</a> (D-PA) "I can give you me" he said after accepting $50K. Sentenced to 3 years.<a href="#cite_note-lederer-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Myers_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Michael Myers (Pennsylvania politician)">Michael Myers</a> (D-PA) Accepted $50K saying, "...money talks and bullshit walks." Sentenced to 3 years and was expelled from the House.<a href="#cite_note-myers-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thompson" title="Frank Thompson">Frank Thompson</a> (D-NJ) Sentenced to 3 years.<a href="#cite_note-thompson-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Murphy_(New_York_politician)" title="John M. Murphy (New York politician)">John M. Murphy</a> (D-NY) Served 20 months of a 3-year sentence.<a href="#cite_note-jmurphy-80">[80]</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Hinson" title="Jon Hinson">Jon Hinson</a> (R-MS) was arrested for having homosexual oral sex in the House of Representatives' bathroom with a government staffer. Hinson, who was married, later received a 30-day jail sentence, and a year's probation, on condition that he get counseling and treatment (1981).<a href="#cite_note-hinson1-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-hinson2-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Eilberg" title="Joshua Eilberg">Joshua Eilberg</a> (D-PA) pleaded guilty to conflict-of-interest charges (1981).<a href="#cite_note-beers-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Flood">Dan Flood</a> (D-PA) censured for bribery. After a trial ended in a deadlocked jury, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a year's probation (1981).<a href="#cite_note-flood1-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-flood2-84">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick W. Richmond">Frederick W. Richmond</a> (D-NY), Convicted of tax fraud and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months in prison (1982).<a href="#cite_note-richmond1-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V._Hansen" title="George V. Hansen">George V. Hansen</a> (R-ID) censured for failing to fill in disclosure forms. Spent 15 months in prison (1984).<a href="#cite_note-hansen-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedtech_scandal" title="Wedtech scandal">Wedtech scandal</a> Wedtech Corporation was convicted of bribery in connection with Defense Department contracts.<a href="#cite_note-wedtech-87">[87]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Biaggi" title="Mario Biaggi">Mario Biaggi</a> (D-NY) Convicted of obstruction of justice and accepting illegal gratuities he was sentenced to 2½ years in prison and fined $500K (equivalent to $1,340,949 in 2023) (1987).<a href="#cite_note-biaggi-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Garcia_(New_York_politician)" title="Robert Garcia (New York politician)">Robert Garcia</a> (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.<a href="#cite_note-garcia-89">[89]</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Swindall" title="Pat Swindall">Pat Swindall</a> (R-GA) convicted of 6 counts of perjury (1989).<a href="#cite_note-swindall1-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-swindall2-91">[91]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_branch_2">Judicial branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Judicial branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_E._Claiborne" title="Harry E. Claiborne">Harry E. Claiborne</a> (D) Chief Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">United States District Court for the District of Nevada</a>, was convicted of tax evasion (1984).<a href="#cite_note-claiborne1-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nixon" title="Walter Nixon">Walter Nixon</a> (D) Chief Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi">United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi</a>, was convicted of perjury (1986).<a href="#cite_note-wnixon1-93">[93]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1989–1993_(George_H._W._Bush_presidency)">1989–1993 (George H. W. Bush presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 1989–1993 (George H. W. Bush presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_6">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Vasquez_Villalpando" title="Catalina Vasquez Villalpando">Catalina Vasquez Villalpando</a>, (R) <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_United_States" title="Treasurer of the United States">Treasurer of the United States</a>, pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and tax evasion (1992).<a href="#cite_note-villalpando-94">[94]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_14">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Durenberger" title="David Durenberger">David Durenberger</a> Senator (R-MN) denounced by Senate for unethical financial transactions and then disbarred (1990). He pleaded guilty to misuse of public funds and given one year's probation (1995)<a href="#cite_note-durenberger-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Kim" title="Jay Kim">Jay Kim</a> (R-CA) accepted $250,000 (equivalent to $542,803 in 2023) in illegal 1992 campaign contributions and was sentenced to two months' house arrest (1992).<a href="#cite_note-kim1-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-kim2-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-kim3-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-kim4-99">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Nicholas Mavroules</a> (D-MA) was convicted of extortion, accepting illegal gifts and failing to report them on congressional disclosure and income tax forms. Mavroules pleaded guilty to fifteen counts in April 1993 and was sentenced to a fifteen-month prison term (1993).<a href="#cite_note-movroules1-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-movroules2-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bustamante" title="Albert Bustamante">Albert Bustamante</a> (D-TX) was convicted of accepting bribes and sentenced to three-and-one-half years in prison (1993).<a href="#cite_note-bustamante-102">[102]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_branch_3">Judicial branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Judicial branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nixon" title="Walter Nixon">Walter Nixon</a> (D) Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi">United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi</a> was convicted of perjury, sentenced to five years in prison, impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate (1989).<a href="#cite_note-wnixon2-103">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcee_Hastings" title="Alcee Hastings">Alcee Hastings</a> (D), Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida">United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida</a>, was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate of soliciting a bribe (1989).<a href="#cite_note-ahastings-104">[104]</a> Subsequently, elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1992).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Frederick_Collins" title="Robert Frederick Collins">Robert Frederick Collins</a> (D), Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</a>, was convicted of bribery and sentenced to six years, ten months (1991).<a href="#cite_note-rfcollins-105">[105]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1993–2001_(Bill_Clinton_presidency)">1993–2001 (Bill Clinton presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: 1993–2001 (Bill Clinton presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_7">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darleen_Druyun" title="Darleen Druyun">Darleen Druyun</a> Principal Deputy <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">United States Under Secretary of the Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-druyun1-106">[106]</a> She pleaded guilty to inflating the price of contracts to favor her future employer, Boeing. In October 2004, she was sentenced to nine months in jail for corruption, fined $5,000 (equivalent to $7,800 in 2023), given three years of supervised release and 150 hours of community service (2005).<a href="#cite_note-druyun2-107">[107]</a> CBS News called it "the biggest Pentagon scandal in 20 years" and said that she pleaded guilty to a felony.<a href="#cite_note-druyun3-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Sanders" title="Wade Sanders">Wade Sanders</a> (D) Deputy Assistant <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a>, for Reserve Affairs, was sentenced to 37 months in prison on one charge of possession of <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> (2009).<a href="#cite_note-sanders1-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-sanders2-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-sanders3-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Hubbell" title="Webster Hubbell">Webster Hubbell</a> (D) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Associate_Attorney_General" title="United States Associate Attorney General">United States Associate Attorney General</a> convicted of fraud and jailed for 21 months. (1996)<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_15">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_banking_scandal" title="House banking scandal">House banking scandal</a><a href="#cite_note-banking-113">[113]</a> The House of Representatives Bank found that 450 members had overdrawn their checking accounts, but not been penalized. Six were convicted of charges, most only tangentially related to the House Bank itself. Twenty-two more of the most prolific over-drafters were singled out by the House Ethics Committee (1992). <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Hubbard" title="Carroll Hubbard">Carroll Hubbard</a> (D-KY) was convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-hubbard-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Perkins_(politician)" title="Chris Perkins (politician)">Carl C. Perkins</a> (D-KY) pleaded guilty to a <a href="/wiki/Check_kiting" title="Check kiting">check kiting</a> scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).<a href="#cite_note-perkins-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a> (D-DC) was convicted of filing false disclosure forms to hide unauthorized income.<a href="#cite_note-fauntroy-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_%22Buz%22_Lukens" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald "Buz" Lukens">Buz Lukens</a> (R-OH) convicted of bribery and conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-lukens-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rose_Oakar" title="Mary Rose Oakar">Mary Rose Oakar</a> (D-OH) pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.<a href="#cite_note-oakar-118">[118]</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Post_Office_scandal" title="Congressional Post Office scandal">Congressional Post Office scandal</a> (1991–1995) was a conspiracy to embezzle House Post Office money through stamps and postal vouchers to congressmen.<a href="#cite_note-usps-119">[119]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Dan Rostenkowski</a> (D-IL) was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-rostenkowski-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kolter" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Kolter">Joe Kolter</a> (D-PA) pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy and sentenced to 6 months in prison (1996).<a href="#cite_note-kolter1-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-kolter2-122">[122]</a></li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Cooley_(politician)" title="Wes Cooley (politician)">Wes Cooley</a> (R-OR) was convicted of having lied on the 1994 voter information pamphlet about his service in the Army. He was fined and sentenced to two years' probation (1997)<a href="#cite_note-cooley1-123">[123]</a> He was later convicted of income tax fraud connected to an investment scheme. He was sentenced to one year in prison and to pay restitution of $3.5 million to investors and $138,000 to the IRS.<a href="#cite_note-cooley2-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Murphy" title="Austin Murphy">Austin Murphy</a> (D-PA) was convicted of one count of voter fraud for filling out absentee ballots for members of a nursing home (1999).<a href="#cite_note-amurphy-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Reynolds" title="Mel Reynolds">Mel Reynolds</a> (D-IL) was convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> (1997). He was later convicted of 12 counts of bank fraud (1999).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2001–2009_(George_W._Bush_presidency)">2001–2009 (George W. Bush presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: 2001–2009 (George W. Bush presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_8">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Korsmo" title="John Korsmo">John Korsmo</a> (R) Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Housing_Finance_Board" title="Federal Housing Finance Board">Federal Housing Finance Board</a>, pleaded guilty to lying to congress (2005).<a href="#cite_note-dkos-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Allen" title="Claude Allen">Claude Allen</a> (R) Director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Domestic_Policy_Council" title="United States Domestic Policy Council">Domestic Policy Council</a>, was arrested for a series of felony thefts in retail stores. He was convicted on one count (2006).<a href="#cite_note-allen-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Crawford" title="Lester Crawford">Lester Crawford</a> (R) Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Drug Administration (United States)">Food and Drug Administration</a>, pleaded guilty to conflict of interest and received 3 years suspended sentence and fined $90,000 (equivalent to $136,025 in 2023) (2006).<a href="#cite_note-crawford-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby">Scooter Libby</a> (R) Chief of Staff to Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (R), convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice in the <a href="/wiki/Plame_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Plame Affair">Plame Affair</a> on March 6, 2007, and was sentenced to 30 months in prison and fined $250,000 (equivalent to $367,357 in 2023). His sentence was commuted by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (R) on July 1, 2007 (2007).<a href="#cite_note-libby1-129">[129]</a> Libby was pardoned by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> on April 13, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-libby2-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Safavian" title="David Safavian">David Safavian</a> (R) Administrator for the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a><a href="#cite_note-safavian1-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-safavian2-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-safavian3-133">[133]</a> After an overturned conviction and a retrial, he was found guilty of perjury,<a href="#cite_note-safavian4-134">[134]</a> and sentenced to 12 months (2008).<a href="#cite_note-safavian5-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-safavian6-136">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Coughlin" title="Robert E. Coughlin">Robert E. Coughlin</a> (R) Deputy Chief of Staff for the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, pleaded guilty to accepting bribes relating to the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff_Indian_lobbying_scandal" title="Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal">Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal</a> (2009).<a href="#cite_note-dkos-126">[126]</a></li> <li>Felipe Sixto (R) Special Assistant for Intergovernmental Affairs, convicted of misusing money. Sentenced to 30 months (2009).<a href="#cite_note-sixto-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Bloch" title="Scott Bloch">Scott Bloch</a> (R) United States Special Counsel, pleaded guilty to criminal <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">contempt of Congress</a> for "willfully and unlawfully withholding pertinent information from a House Committee investigating his decision to have several government computers wiped...."<a href="#cite_note-bloch1-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloch2-139">[139]</a> Bloch was sentenced to one day in jail and two years' probation, and also ordered him to pay a $5,000 (equivalent to $6,540 in 2023) fine and perform 200 hours of community service (2013).<a href="#cite_note-bloch3-140">[140]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_16">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Traficant" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Traficant">Jim Traficant</a> (D-OH) was found guilty on ten felony counts of financial corruption, sentenced to eight years in prison and expelled from the House of Representatives (2002).<a href="#cite_note-traficant-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Janklow" title="Bill Janklow">Bill Janklow</a> (R-SD) was convicted of second-degree manslaughter for running a stop sign and killing a motorcyclist. Resigned from the House and given 100 days in the county jail and three years' probation (2003).<a href="#cite_note-janklow-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ballance" title="Frank Ballance">Frank Ballance</a> (D-NC) admitted to federal charges of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mail_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail fraud">mail fraud</a> in October 2005 and was sentenced to four years in prison (2005).<a href="#cite_note-ballance-143">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Cunningham" title="Duke Cunningham">Duke Cunningham</a> (R-CA) pleaded guilty November 28, 2005, to charges of conspiracy to commit bribery, mail fraud, wire fraud and tax evasion in what came to be called the <a href="/wiki/Cunningham_scandal" title="Cunningham scandal">Cunningham scandal</a> and was sentenced to over eight years in prison (2005).<a href="#cite_note-cunningham-144">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ney" title="Bob Ney">Bob Ney</a> (R-OH) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements as a result of his receiving trips from Jack Abramoff in exchange for legislative favors in the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff_Indian_lobbying_scandal" title="Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal">Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal</a>. Ney received 30 months in prison (2007).<a href="#cite_note-ney-145">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig" title="Larry Craig">Larry Craig</a> (R-ID) was <a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig_scandal" title="Larry Craig scandal">arrested for lewd conduct in a men's restroom</a> at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport on June 11, 2007, and entered a guilty plea to a lesser charge of disorderly conduct on August 8, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Dennis Hastert</a> (R-IL) <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a> pleaded guilty in court for illegally structuring bank transactions related to payment of $3.5 million to quash allegations of sexual misconduct with a student when he was a high school teacher and coach decades ago.<a href="#cite_note-hastert-146">[146]</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">William J. Jefferson</a> (D-LA) was charged in August 2005 after the FBI seized $90,000 in cash from his home freezer. He was re-elected to the House in 2006, but lost in 2008. He was convicted November 13, 2009, of 11 counts of bribery and sentenced to 13 years in prison (2009).<a href="#cite_note-jefferson1-147">[147]</a> Jefferson's Chief of Staff Brett Pfeffer, was sentenced to 84 months for bribery (2006).<a href="#cite_note-jefferson2-148">[148]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2009–2017_(Barack_Obama_presidency)">2009–2017 (Barack Obama presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: 2009–2017 (Barack Obama presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_9">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a> (I)<a href="#cite_note-petraeus1-149">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a>. On April 23, 2015, a federal judge sentenced Petraeus to two years' probation plus a fine of $100,000 (equivalent to $128,541 in 2023) for providing classified information to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Paula_Broadwell" title="Paula Broadwell">Paula Broadwell</a> (2015).<a href="#cite_note-petraeus2-150">[150]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_17">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_D._Siljander" title="Mark D. Siljander">Mark D. Siljander</a> (R-MI) was convicted of obstruction of justice (2012).<a href="#cite_note-siljander-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson_Jr." title="Jesse Jackson Jr.">Jesse Jackson Jr.</a> (D-IL) pleaded guilty February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 in campaign funds. Jackson was sentenced to two-and-one-half years' imprisonment (2013).<a href="#cite_note-jackson-152">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Renzi" title="Rick Renzi">Rick Renzi</a> (R-AZ) was found guilty on 17 of 32 counts against him June 12, 2013, including wire fraud, conspiracy, extortion, racketeering, money laundering and making false statements to insurance regulators (2013).<a href="#cite_note-renzi-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Radel" title="Trey Radel">Trey Radel</a> (R-FL) was convicted of possession of cocaine in November 2013. As a first-time offender, he was sentenced to one year probation and fined $250. Radel announced he would take a leave of absence, but did not resign. Later, under pressure from a number of Republican leaders, he announced through a spokesperson that he would resign (2013).<a href="#cite_note-radel1-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-radel2-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-radel3-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Grimm_(politician)" title="Michael Grimm (politician)">Michael Grimm</a> (R-NY) pleaded guilty to felony tax evasion, the fourth count in a 20-count indictment brought against him for improper use of campaign funds. The guilty plea had a maximum sentence of three years; he was sentenced to eight months in prison (2015).<a href="#cite_note-grimm1-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-grimm2-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaka_Fattah" title="Chaka Fattah">Chaka Fattah</a> (D-PA) was convicted on 23 counts of racketeering, fraud, and other corruption charges (2016).<a href="#cite_note-fattah-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrine_Brown" title="Corrine Brown">Corrine Brown</a> (D-FL) was convicted on 18 felony counts of wire and tax fraud, conspiracy, lying to federal investigators, and other corruption charges (2017).<a href="#cite_note-brown1-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-brown2-161">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Weiner" title="Anthony Weiner">Anthony Weiner</a> (D-NY)<a href="#cite_note-weiner1-162">[162]</a> was convicted of <a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">sending sexually explicit photos</a> of himself to a 15-year-old girl and was mandated to register as a sex offender. He also was sentenced to 21 months in prison, a sentence that was later reduced to 18 months. He reported to prison in November 2017 and was released in May 2019 (2017).<a href="#cite_note-weiner2-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stockman" title="Steve Stockman">Steve Stockman</a> (R-TX) was convicted of fraud (2018).<a href="#cite_note-stockman-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Rohrabacher" title="Dana Rohrabacher">Dana Rohrabacher</a> (R-CA) was charged with improper use of campaign contributions in a scheme to promote a decoy Democratic candidate in a state assembly election. Rohrabacher was found guilty and fined $50,000 (2012).<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_branch_4">Judicial branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Judicial branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Kent" title="Samuel B. Kent">Samuel B. Kent</a> (R), Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a>, was sentenced May 11, 2009, to 33 months in prison for having lied about sexually harassing two female employees (2009).<a href="#cite_note-kent3-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Camp">Jack Camp</a> (R), <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior Judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia">United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia</a> was arrested in an undercover drug bust while trying to purchase cocaine from an FBI agent and resigned his position after pleading guilty to three criminal charges. He was sentenced to 30 days in jail, fined an undisclosed amount, and ordered to undergo 400 hours of community service (2010).<a href="#cite_note-camp1-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-camp2-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-camp3-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Porteous" title="Thomas Porteous">Thomas Porteous</a> (D), Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</a> was impeached, convicted and removed from office December 8, 2010, on charges of bribery and lying to Congress (2010).<a href="#cite_note-porteous2-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-porteous3-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Fuller" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark E. Fuller">Mark E. Fuller</a> (R) Chief Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama">United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama</a>, was found guilty of domestic violence and sentenced to 24 weeks of family and domestic training and forced to resign his position (2015).<a href="#cite_note-fuller1-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-fuller2-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-fuller3-175">[175]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2017–2021_(Donald_Trump_presidency)">2017–2021 (Donald Trump presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: 2017–2021 (Donald Trump presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_branch_10">Executive branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a> (D), <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a>, pleaded guilty to lying to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>. (2017)<a href="#cite_note-flynn-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_18">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Collins_(New_York_politician)" title="Chris Collins (New York politician)">Chris Collins</a> (R-NY), pleaded guilty to insider trading (2019).<a href="#cite_note-ccollins-179">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_D._Hunter" title="Duncan D. Hunter">Duncan D. Hunter</a> (R-CA), pleaded guilty to misuse of campaign funds (2019).<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2021–present_(Joe_Biden_presidency)">2021–present (Joe Biden presidency)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 2021–present (Joe Biden presidency)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_branch_19">Legislative branch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Jamaal Bowman</a> (D-NY) pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor of falsely pulling a fire alarm (2023).<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Cawthorn" title="Madison Cawthorn">Madison Cawthorn</a> (R-NC) pleaded guilty to possession of a dangerous weapon at a TSA checkpoint (2023).<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Bob Menendez</a> (D-NJ) was convicted on 16 counts for his role in a bribery scheme, including being an illegal <a href="/wiki/Foreign_agent" title="Foreign agent">foreign agent</a> (2024).<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santos" title="George Santos">George Santos</a> (R-NY) U.S. Representative for New York's 3rd Congressional District pled guilty to felony charges of identity theft and wire fraud, after being expelled from Congress following a report by the <a href="/wiki/House_Ethics_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Ethics Committee">House Ethics Committee</a>. (2024)<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">List of federal political scandals in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_sex_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political sex scandals in the United States">List of federal political sex scandals in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_United_States_political_sexual_scandals" title="2017–18 United States political sexual scandals">2017–18 United States political sexual scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured">List of United States senators expelled or censured</a></li></ul> State and local politics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_state_and_local_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes">List of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lyon1-1"><a href="#cite_ref-lyon1_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/booksm,">"Matthew Lyon, the Hampden of Congress by James Fairfax McLaughlin, pg 257"</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matthew+Lyon%2C+the+Hampden+of+Congress+by+James+Fairfax+McLaughlin%2C+pg+257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooksm%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-lyon2-2"><a href="#cite_ref-lyon2_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/matthew_lyons.aspx">"Matthew Lyons"</a>. Retrieved September 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matthew+Lyons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2Fmatthew_lyons.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-cfmitchell1-3"><a href="#cite_ref-cfmitchell1_3-0">^</a> Henry Clay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gID5RTGOEWQC&pg=PA519">The Papers of Henry Clay: The Whig Leader, January 1, 1837 – December 31, 1843</a>, 1988, page 519 </li> <li id="cite_note-cfmitchell2-4"><a href="#cite_ref-cfmitchell2_4-0">^</a> Houston Daily Mercury, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth232940/m1/1/?q=mitchell">The Lockport Union Has a Bit of History to Tell</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627000621/https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth232940/m1/1/?q=mitchell">Archived</a> June 27, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, December 24, 1873 </li> <li id="cite_note-cfmitchell3-5"><a href="#cite_ref-cfmitchell3_5-0">^</a> William M. Gouge, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X6cRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA183">The Journal of Banking, From July 1841 to July 1842</a>, 1842, page 183 </li> <li id="cite_note-cfmitchell4-6"><a href="#cite_ref-cfmitchell4_6-0">^</a> Prison Association of New York, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y7YXAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA51">Report of the Prison Association of New York</a>, 1845, page 51 </li> <li id="cite_note-cfmitchell5-7"><a href="#cite_ref-cfmitchell5_7-0">^</a> New York Spectator, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/newspapers%206/New%20York%20NY%20Spectator/New%20York%20NY%20Spectator%201840%20-%201845%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Spectator%201840%20-%201845%20Grayscale%20-%200105.pdf">General Sessions, July 15</a>, July 15, 1842 </li> <li id="cite_note-smalls-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smalls_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smalls_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/S/SMALLS,-Robert-(S000502)/">"SMALLS, Robert"</a>. Black Americans in Congress, 1870 to Present. History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509022507/https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/S/SMALLS,-Robert-(S000502)/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Americans+in+Congress%2C+1870+to+Present&rft.atitle=SMALLS%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FListing%2FS%2FSMALLS%2C-Robert-%28S000502%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burton-9"><a href="#cite_ref-burton_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/joseph-ralph-burton/17037">"Joseph Ralph Burton - Kansapedia"</a>. www.kshs.org. Kansas Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629042910/http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/joseph-ralph-burton/17037">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kshs.org&rft.atitle=Joseph+Ralph+Burton+-+Kansapedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fkansapedia%2Fjoseph-ralph-burton%2F17037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jhmitchell-10"><a href="#cite_ref-jhmitchell_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm">"U.S. Senate: Expulsion and Censure"</a>. www.senate.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530091911/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Expulsion_Censure.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senate.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Expulsion+and+Censure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FExpulsion_Censure.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cassel1-11"><a href="#cite_ref-cassel1_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5lJsGCS8k?url=http://www.pennlive.com/news/patriotnews/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F125823930534720.xml&coll=1">"A not-so-proud history"</a>. Harrisburg Patriot News. November 5, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pennlive.com/news/patriotnews/index.ssf?/base/news/125823930534720.xml%26coll%3D1">the original</a> on November 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harrisburg+Patriot+News&rft.atitle=A+not-so-proud+history&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennlive.com%2Fnews%2Fpatriotnews%2Findex.ssf%3F%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F125823930534720.xml%2526coll%253D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cassel2-12"><a href="#cite_ref-cassel2_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/1879-1951/4284/edwin_sydney_stuart/469108">"Governor Edwin Sydney Stuart"</a>. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110502140927/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/1879-1951/4284/edwin_sydney_stuart/469108">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+Edwin+Sydney+Stuart&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+Historical+and+Museum+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portal.state.pa.us%2Fportal%2Fserver.pt%2Fcommunity%2F1879-1951%2F4284%2Fedwin_sydney_stuart%2F469108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lorimer-13"><a href="#cite_ref-lorimer_13-0">^</a> Owen, Nina (December 26, 2008). "An Illinois civics lesson from an early scandal". Chicago Tribune, Section 1, page 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-archbald-14"><a href="#cite_ref-archbald_14-0">^</a> Robert Wodrow Archbald at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center. </li> <li id="cite_note-fall-15"><a href="#cite_ref-fall_15-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm">"Senate Investigates the "Teapot Dome" Scandal".</a> Historical Minutes: 1921–1940. Art & History, United States Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501180230/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm">Archived</a> May 1, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDL-16"><a href="#cite_ref-DDL_16-0">^</a> Daniel D. Lee (1991) "Senator Black's Investigation of the Air Mail 1933-34", <a href="/wiki/The_Historian_(journal)" title="The Historian (journal)">The Historian</a> 53: 423–42 </li> <li id="cite_note-langley1-17"><a href="#cite_ref-langley1_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16680">"LANGLEY, Katherine Gudger - US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. history.house.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625105531/http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/16680">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=LANGLEY%2C+Katherine+Gudger+-+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FDetail%2F16680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-langley2-18"><a href="#cite_ref-langley2_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2013/07/he-wears-breeches-but-lady-has-brains.html">"He wears the breeches but the lady has the brains - Appalachian History"</a>. July 15, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630044326/http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2013/07/he-wears-breeches-but-lady-has-brains.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=He+wears+the+breeches+but+the+lady+has+the+brains+-+Appalachian+History&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appalachianhistory.net%2F2013%2F07%2Fhe-wears-breeches-but-lady-has-brains.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rowbottom-19"><a href="#cite_ref-rowbottom_19-0">^</a> nytimes.com, April 15, 1931, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/prince_harry/index.html?offset=30&field=des&match=exact&query=BRIBERY">ROWBOTTOM GUILTY IN POSTAL JOB SALES; Ex-Indiana Representative Gets Year in Leavenworth on BribeTaking Charges</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302200521/http://www.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/h/prince_harry/index.html?offset=30&field=des&match=exact&query=BRIBERY">Archived</a> March 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-hogan1-20"><a href="#cite_ref-hogan1_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/16/archives/hogan-convicted-of-taking-bribes-exrepresentative-gets-year-and-a.html">"HOGAN CONVICTED OF TAKING BRIBES; Ex-Representative Gets Year and a Day in Prison in Naturalization Fraud Case"</a>. The New York Times. October 16, 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123185748/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/16/archives/hogan-convicted-of-taking-bribes-exrepresentative-gets-year-and-a.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=HOGAN+CONVICTED+OF+TAKING+BRIBES%3B+Ex-Representative+Gets+Year+and+a+Day+in+Prison+in+Naturalization+Fraud+Case.&rft.date=1935-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1935%2F10%2F16%2Farchives%2Fhogan-convicted-of-taking-bribes-exrepresentative-gets-year-and-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hogan2-21"><a href="#cite_ref-hogan2_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-herald-apr-10-1935-p-38/">"Syracuse Herald Newspaper Archives, Apr 10, 1935, p. 38"</a>. April 10, 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506195720/https://newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-herald-apr-10-1935-p-38/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syracuse+Herald+Newspaper+Archives%2C+Apr+10%2C+1935%2C+p.+38&rft.date=1935-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fsyracuse-herald-apr-10-1935-p-38%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hogan3-22"><a href="#cite_ref-hogan3_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/wilson-daily-times-apr-10-1935-p-1/">"Wilson Daily Times Newspaper Archives, Apr 10, 1935, p. 1"</a>. April 10, 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506195721/https://newspaperarchive.com/wilson-daily-times-apr-10-1935-p-1/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wilson+Daily+Times+Newspaper+Archives%2C+Apr+10%2C+1935%2C+p.+1&rft.date=1935-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fwilson-daily-times-apr-10-1935-p-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Long, Kim (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2sNp1l1pNroC&dq=George+Ernest+Foulkes+Postmasters&pg=PT319">The Almanac of Political Corruption, Scandals & Dirty Politics</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0307481344" title="Special:BookSources/0307481344">0307481344</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-CSMpg1-12-19-1935-24"><a href="#cite_ref-CSMpg1-12-19-1935_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Science_Monitor1935" class="citation cs2">Christian Science Monitor (December 19, 1935), Snow Pardoned in Maine, <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>: The Christian Science Monitor, p. 6</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Snow+Pardoned+in+Maine&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.date=1935-12-19&rft.au=Christian+Science+Monitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoeppel-25"><a href="#cite_ref-hoeppel_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-09-mn-12142-story.html">"David Rosenzweig, "Tucker Is Fourth California Congressman to Be Convicted Since 1936," Los Angeles Times, December 9, 1995"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. December 9, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518142128/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-09/news/mn-12142_1_hinshaw">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=David+Rosenzweig%2C+%22Tucker+Is+Fourth+California+Congressman+to+Be+Convicted+Since+1936%2C%22+Los+Angeles+Times%2C+December+9%2C+1995&rft.date=1995-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1995-12-09-mn-12142-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-curley-26"><a href="#cite_ref-curley_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congressionalbadboys.com/BadBoys1945.htm">"Congressional Bad Boys"</a>. www.congressionalbadboys.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205154722/http://congressionalbadboys.com/BadBoys1945.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.congressionalbadboys.com&rft.atitle=Congressional+Bad+Boys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congressionalbadboys.com%2FBadBoys1945.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-may-27"><a href="#cite_ref-may_27-0">^</a> Time magazine, "Artful Dodger", December 5, 1949. </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas-28"><a href="#cite_ref-thomas_28-0">^</a> J. Parnell Thomas at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress </li> <li id="cite_note-brehm-29"><a href="#cite_ref-brehm_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britiannica.com/walter">"britiannica.com"</a>. www.britiannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911062319/http://www.britiannica.com/walter">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britiannica.com&rft.atitle=britiannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britiannica.com%2Fwalter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenzweig1995" class="citation news cs1">Rosenzweig, David (December 9, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-09-mn-12142-story.html">"Tucker Is Fourth California Congressman to Be Convicted Since 1936"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709171701/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-09/news/mn-12142_1">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tucker+Is+Fourth+California+Congressman+to+Be+Convicted+Since+1936&rft.date=1995-12-09&rft.aulast=Rosenzweig&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1995-12-09-mn-12142-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bramblett-31"><a href="#cite_ref-bramblett_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenzweig1995" class="citation news cs1">Rosenzweig, David (December 9, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-09-mn-12142-story.html">"Tucker Is Fourth California Congressman to Be Convicted Since 1936"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709171701/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-12-09/news/mn-12142_1">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tucker+Is+Fourth+California+Congressman+to+Be+Convicted+Since+1936&rft.date=1995-12-09&rft.aulast=Rosenzweig&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1995-12-09-mn-12142-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lane1-32"><a href="#cite_ref-lane1_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViser2009" class="citation news cs1">Viser, Matt (November 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/11/04/embattled_turner_calls_easy_reelection_victory_significant/">"Embattled Turner calls easy reelection victory 'significant'"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211150613/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/11/04/embattled_turner_calls_easy_reelection_victory_significant/">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Embattled+Turner+calls+easy+reelection+victory+%27significant%27&rft.date=2009-11-04&rft.aulast=Viser&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2009%2F11%2F04%2Fembattled_turner_calls_easy_reelection_victory_significant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lane2-33"><a href="#cite_ref-lane2_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808132301/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C877559%2C00.html">"TRIALS: Congressman Convicted"</a>. Time. January 10, 1972. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,877559,00.html">the original</a> on August 8, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=TRIALS%3A+Congressman+Convicted&rft.date=1972-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C877559%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tfjohnson-34"><a href="#cite_ref-tfjohnson_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/03/obituaries/thomas-johnson-78-lost-post-in-congress.html">"Thomas Johnson, 78 - Lost Post in Congress - Obituary"</a>. New York Times. Associated Press. February 3, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604150347/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/03/obituaries/thomas-johnson-78-lost-post-in-congress.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thomas+Johnson%2C+78+-+Lost+Post+in+Congress+-+Obituary&rft.date=1988-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F02%2F03%2Fobituaries%2Fthomas-johnson-78-lost-post-in-congress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boykin-35"><a href="#cite_ref-boykin_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000725">"BOYKIN, Frank William - Biographical Information"</a>. bioguide.congress.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709031434/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000725">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioguide.congress.gov&rft.atitle=BOYKIN%2C+Frank+William+-+Biographical+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DB000725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brewster-36"><a href="#cite_ref-brewster_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1576070603">Political corruption in America: an ... - Google Books</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+corruption+in+America%3A+an+...+-+Google+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D1576070603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-watergate-37"><a href="#cite_ref-watergate_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2005" class="citation news cs1">Marsh, Bill (October 30, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/30/weekinreview/ideas-trends-when-criminal-charges-reach-the-white-house.html">"Ideas and Trends: When Criminal Charges Hit the White House"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ideas+and+Trends%3A+When+Criminal+Charges+Hit+the+White+House&rft.date=2005-10-30&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F10%2F30%2Fweekinreview%2Fideas-trends-when-criminal-charges-reach-the-white-house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jnmitchell-38"><a href="#cite_ref-jnmitchell_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1988" class="citation news cs1">Meyer, Lawrence (November 10, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/stories/mitchobit.htm">"John N. Mitchell, Principal in Watergate, Dies at 75"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=John+N.+Mitchell%2C+Principal+in+Watergate%2C+Dies+at+75&rft.date=1988-11-10&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnational%2Flongterm%2Fwatergate%2Fstories%2Fmitchobit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-agnew-39"><a href="#cite_ref-agnew_39-0">^</a> Agnew, Spiro T., Go Quietly....or else, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-stans-40"><a href="#cite_ref-stans_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohde1998" class="citation news cs1">Rohde, David (April 15, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/15/us/maurice-stans-dies-at-90-led-nixon-commerce-dept.html">"Maurice Stans Dies at 90; Led Nixon Commerce Dept"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608034508/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/15/us/maurice-stans-dies-at-90-led-nixon-commerce-dept.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Maurice+Stans+Dies+at+90%3B+Led+Nixon+Commerce+Dept.&rft.date=1998-04-15&rft.aulast=Rohde&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F04%2F15%2Fus%2Fmaurice-stans-dies-at-90-led-nixon-commerce-dept.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tedkennedy-41"><a href="#cite_ref-tedkennedy_41-0">^</a> Russell, Jenna (February 17, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/17/chapter_3_chappaquiddick/">"Chapter 3: Chappaquiddick: Conflicted ambitions, then, Chappaquiddick"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100221041557/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/17/chapter_3_chappaquiddick/">Archived</a> February 21, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2009-02-24. </li> <li id="cite_note-mckneally-42"><a href="#cite_ref-mckneally_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2003" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, Mark (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&q=Martin+B.+McKneally+taxm&pg=PA412">Political corruption in America: an ... - Google Books</a>. Abc-Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-060-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-060-4"><bdi>978-1-57607-060-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+corruption+in+America%3A+an+...+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=Abc-Clio&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-060-4&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDxupZ6O0p64C%26q%3DMartin%2BB.%2BMcKneally%2Btaxm%26pg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallagher-43"><a href="#cite_ref-gallagher_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2003" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, Mark (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DxupZ6O0p64C&q=cornelius+Gallagher+convicted&pg=PA413">Political corruption in America: an ... - Google Books</a>. Abc-Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-060-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-060-4"><bdi>978-1-57607-060-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+corruption+in+America%3A+an+...+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=Abc-Clio&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-060-4&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDxupZ6O0p64C%26q%3Dcornelius%2BGallagher%2Bconvicted%26pg%3DPA413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-beers-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beers_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-beers_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-beers_44-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_B._Beers2010" class="citation book cs1">Paul B. Beers (November 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aQTKaXdhSUgC&q=frank+m.+clark+convicted&pg=PA403">Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation</a>. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 403. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-04498-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-04498-9"><bdi>978-0-271-04498-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania+Politics+Today+and+Yesterday%3A+The+Tolerable+Accommodation&rft.pages=403&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-271-04498-9&rft.au=Paul+B.+Beers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaQTKaXdhSUgC%26q%3Dfrank%2Bm.%2Bclark%2Bconvicted%26pg%3DPA403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sentenced-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Sentenced_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/03/archives/reinecke-receives-a-suspended-term-reinecke-gets-a-suspended-term.html">"Reinecke Receives A Suspended Term"</a>. New York Times. October 2, 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reinecke+Receives+A+Suspended+Term&rft.date=1974-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F10%2F03%2Farchives%2Freinecke-receives-a-suspended-term-reinecke-gets-a-suspended-term.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-butz1-46"><a href="#cite_ref-butz1_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/23/us/earl-butz-a-top-aide-for-ford-and-nixon-admits-tax-evasion.html">"EARL BUTZ, A TOP AIDE FOR FORD AND NIXON, ADMITS TAX EVASION by UPI"</a>. The New York Times. May 23, 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=EARL+BUTZ%2C+A+TOP+AIDE+FOR+FORD+AND+NIXON%2C+ADMITS+TAX+EVASION+by+UPI&rft.date=1981-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F05%2F23%2Fus%2Fearl-butz-a-top-aide-for-ford-and-nixon-admits-tax-evasion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160531134204/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/23/us/earl-butz-a-top-aide-for-ford-and-nixon-admits-tax-evasion.html">Archived</a> May 31, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-butz2-47"><a href="#cite_ref-butz2_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19810702&id=vfYpAAAAIBAJ&pg=1374,313667&hl=en">"The Lewiston Daily Sun - Google News Archive Search"</a>. news.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429013936/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19810702&id=vfYpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f2cFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1374,313667&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.google.com&rft.atitle=The+Lewiston+Daily+Sun+-+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1928%26dat%3D19810702%26id%3DvfYpAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1374%2C313667%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dowdy1-48"><a href="#cite_ref-dowdy1_48-0">^</a> St. Petersburg Times, January 23, 1974, "Congressman Ordered to Prison" by UPI </li> <li id="cite_note-dowdy2-49"><a href="#cite_ref-dowdy2_49-0">^</a> Washington Observer, April 15, 1973. </li> <li id="cite_note-hanna1-50"><a href="#cite_ref-hanna1_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaldane2001" class="citation news cs1">Haldane, David (June 13, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-13-me-9908-story.html">"Richard Hanna: Congressman Sent to Prison in Bribery Scandal"</a>. Los Angeles Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Richard+Hanna%3A+Congressman+Sent+to+Prison+in+Bribery+Scandal&rft.date=2001-06-13&rft.aulast=Haldane&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-jun-13-me-9908-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-13-me-9908-story.html">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-podell-51"><a href="#cite_ref-podell_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2005/08/22/convicted-politician-bertram-podell-79/f0489e03-dedb-4c8d-b38d-10c79abf102b/">"Convicted Politician Bertram Podell, 79"</a>. The Washington Post. August 22, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Convicted+Politician+Bertram+Podell%2C+79&rft.date=2005-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F2005%2F08%2F22%2Fconvicted-politician-bertram-podell-79%2Ff0489e03-dedb-4c8d-b38d-10c79abf102b%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jfhastings-52"><a href="#cite_ref-jfhastings_52-0">^</a> "U.S. is Suing Legislator to Get $50,000 Returned," New York Times, March 27, 1977 </li> <li id="cite_note-hinshaw1-53"><a href="#cite_ref-hinshaw1_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com">"SFGate: San Francisco Bay Area - News, Bay Area news, Sports, Business, Entertainment, Classifieds - SFGate"</a>. SFGate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024235659/http://www.sfgate.com/">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=SFGate%3A+San+Francisco+Bay+Area+-+News%2C+Bay+Area+news%2C+Sports%2C+Business%2C+Entertainment%2C+Classifieds+-+SFGate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hinshaw2-54"><a href="#cite_ref-hinshaw2_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927044447/http://50cases.freedomblogging.com/2009/11/16/day-15-a-congressman-is-convicted/465/">"Day 15: A congressman is convicted - OC's 50 Most Notorious Cases : The Orange County Register"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://50cases.freedomblogging.com/2009/11/16/day-15-a-congressman-is-convicted/465/">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Day+15%3A+A+congressman+is+convicted+-+OC%27s+50+Most+Notorious+Cases+%3A+The+Orange+County+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F50cases.freedomblogging.com%2F2009%2F11%2F16%2Fday-15-a-congressman-is-convicted%2F465%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tonry-55"><a href="#cite_ref-tonry_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/605/144/332135/">"United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Richard A. Tonry, Defendant-appellant - 605 F.2d 144 - Justia US Court of Appeals Cases and Opinions"</a>. Cases.justia.com. October 9, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709233428/http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/605/144/332135/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+of+America%2C+Plaintiff-appellee%2C+v.+Richard+A.+Tonry%2C+Defendant-appellant+-+605+F.2d+144+-+Justia+US+Court+of+Appeals+Cases+and+Opinions&rft.pub=Cases.justia.com&rft.date=1979-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcases.justia.com%2Fus-court-of-appeals%2FF2%2F605%2F144%2F332135%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-diggs-56"><a href="#cite_ref-diggs_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolotsky1998" class="citation news cs1">Molotsky, Byron (August 26, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/26/us/charles-diggs-75-congressman-censured-over-kickbacks.html">"Charles Diggs, 75, Congressman Censured Over Kickbacks"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Charles+Diggs%2C+75%2C+Congressman+Censured+Over+Kickbacks&rft.date=1998-08-26&rft.aulast=Molotsky&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F08%2F26%2Fus%2Fcharles-diggs-75-congressman-censured-over-kickbacks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burke-57"><a href="#cite_ref-burke_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLLC1980" class="citation web cs1">LLC, New York Media (February 18, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ceUCAAAAMBAJ&q=Herbert+Burke+Intoxication+sentenced&pg=PA60">"New York Magazine"</a>. New York Media, LLC. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.pub=New+York+Media%2C+LLC&rft.date=1980-02-18&rft.aulast=LLC&rft.aufirst=New+York+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DceUCAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DHerbert%2BBurke%2BIntoxication%2Bsentenced%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-clark-58"><a href="#cite_ref-clark_58-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19851215&id=BK0iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7rEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1231,3002031">Beaver County Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519114804/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19851215&id=BK0iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7rEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1231,3002031">Archived</a> May 19, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - December 15, 1985 </li> <li id="cite_note-contra-59"><a href="#cite_ref-contra_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/source.htm">"Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Obtaining Copies"</a>. Fas.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321150039/http://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/source.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walsh+Iran+%2F+Contra+Report+-+Obtaining+Copies&rft.pub=Fas.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Firp%2Foffdocs%2Fwalsh%2Fsource.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abrams-60"><a href="#cite_ref-abrams_60-0">^</a> Walsh, Lawrence E. (August 4, 1993). "Final Report of the Independent Counsel For Iran/Contra Matters Vol. I: Investigations and Prosecutions". Summary of Prosecutions. U. S. Court of Appeal for the District of Columbia. </li> <li id="cite_note-deaver-61"><a href="#cite_ref-deaver_61-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/449.html#449.6">"Guide to Federal Records, Michael Deaver".</a> National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705042943/http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/449.html#449.6">Archived</a> July 5, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-paisley1-62"><a href="#cite_ref-paisley1_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20099625,00.html">"Dealmaker Melvyn Paisley's True Colors Are Questioned in a Defense Corruption Probe by Montgomery Brower"</a>. People. August 8, 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Dealmaker+Melvyn+Paisley%27s+True+Colors+Are+Questioned+in+a+Defense+Corruption+Probe+by+Montgomery+Brower&rft.date=1988-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20099625%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234335/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0%2C%2C20099625%2C00.html">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-paisley2-63"><a href="#cite_ref-paisley2_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypress.com/1991/10/19/ex-navy-official-sentenced-for-fraud/">"Ex-navy Official Sentenced For Fraud"</a>. October 19, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204522/http://articles.dailypress.com/1991-10-19/news/9110190061_1_paisley-s-attorney-melvyn-r-paisley-weapons-contracts">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-navy+Official+Sentenced+For+Fraud&rft.date=1991-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypress.com%2F1991%2F10%2F19%2Fex-navy-official-sentenced-for-fraud%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-paisley3-64"><a href="#cite_ref-paisley3_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109194354/http://govwin.com/anthonycritelli_blog/this-day-in-govcon-history/131183">"This Day in GovCon History, June 14, 1988: "Operation Ill Wind" Raids"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://govwin.com/anthonycritelli_blog/this-day-in-govcon-history/131183">the original</a> on November 9, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Day+in+GovCon+History%2C+June+14%2C+1988%3A+%22Operation+Ill+Wind%22+Raids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgovwin.com%2Fanthonycritelli_blog%2Fthis-day-in-govcon-history%2F131183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-paisley4-65"><a href="#cite_ref-paisley4_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFRANTZ1991" class="citation web cs1">FRANTZ, DOUGLAS (October 19, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-10-19-mn-526-story.html">"Paisley Gets 4-Year Term in Ill Wind Case : Pentagon: He is the highest-ranking target and his sentence is the stiffest yet in the defense procurement scandal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212319/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-19/news/mn-526_1_ill-wind">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paisley+Gets+4-Year+Term+in+Ill+Wind+Case+%3A+Pentagon%3A+He+is+the+highest-ranking+target+and+his+sentence+is+the+stiffest+yet+in+the+defense+procurement+scandal.&rft.date=1991-10-19&rft.aulast=FRANTZ&rft.aufirst=DOUGLAS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-10-19-mn-526-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cohen1-66"><a href="#cite_ref-cohen1_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1991" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Robert L. (August 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-23-mn-1071-story.html">"Ex-Official Enters 'Ill Wind' Guilty Plea : Defense: It marks the 50th conviction obtained under the probe of Pentagon procurement fraud. He faces 20 years in jail at sentencing Dec 6"</a>. Los Angeles Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Official+Enters+%27Ill+Wind%27+Guilty+Plea+%3A+Defense%3A+It+marks+the+50th+conviction+obtained+under+the+probe+of+Pentagon+procurement+fraud.+He+faces+20+years+in+jail+at+sentencing+Dec+6&rft.date=1991-08-23&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-08-23-mn-1071-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-23-mn-1071-story.html">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-cohen2-67"><a href="#cite_ref-cohen2_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307173546/http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/victor-d-cohen/featured/2">"Featured Articles about Victor D Cohen - Page 2 - latimes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://articles.latimes.com/keyword/victor-d-cohen/featured/2">the original</a> on March 7, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Featured+Articles+about+Victor+D+Cohen+-+Page+2+-+latimes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2Fkeyword%2Fvictor-d-cohen%2Ffeatured%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaines1-68"><a href="#cite_ref-gaines1_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106133854/http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/reference/messages/Documents/NAVADMINS/NAV2001/nav01214.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/reference/messages/Documents/NAVADMINS/NAV2001/nav01214.txt">the original</a> on January 6, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.public.navy.mil%2Fbupers-npc%2Freference%2Fmessages%2FDocuments%2FNAVADMINS%2FNAV2001%2Fnav01214.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-gaines2-69"><a href="#cite_ref-gaines2_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAp1992" class="citation news cs1">Ap (June 1, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/01/business/ex-official-sentenced.html">"Ex-Official Sentenced"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101041447/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/01/business/ex-official-sentenced.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Official+Sentenced&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.au=Ap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F06%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Fex-official-sentenced.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dean-70"><a href="#cite_ref-dean_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=dc&navby=case&no=943021a">"FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310184412/http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=dc&navby=case&no=943021a">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved September 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FindLaw+for+Legal+Professionals+-+Case+Law%2C+Federal+and+State+Resources%2C+Forms%2C+and+Code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.lp.findlaw.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetcase.pl%3Fcourt%3Ddc%26navby%3Dcase%26no%3D943021a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hud-71"><a href="#cite_ref-hud_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeHaven" class="citation web cs1">DeHaven, Tad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/hud/scandals">"HUD Scandals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223004341/http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/hud/scandals">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUD+Scandals&rft.pub=Cato+Institute&rft.aulast=DeHaven&rft.aufirst=Tad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downsizinggovernment.org%2Fhud%2Fscandals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-watt-72"><a href="#cite_ref-watt_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/13/us/james-watt-draws-a-fine-but-not-jail.html">"James Watt Draws a Fine But Not Jail"</a>. The New York Times. March 13, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223014604/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/13/us/james-watt-draws-a-fine-but-not-jail.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Watt+Draws+a+Fine+But+Not+Jail&rft.date=1996-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F03%2F13%2Fus%2Fjames-watt-draws-a-fine-but-not-jail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abscam-73"><a href="#cite_ref-abscam_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/group/558/000059381/">"Abscam Scandal"</a>. Nndb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826220150/http://www.nndb.com/group/558/000059381/">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abscam+Scandal&rft.pub=Nndb.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fgroup%2F558%2F000059381%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hwilliams-74"><a href="#cite_ref-hwilliams_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2001" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (November 11, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/20/nyregion/ex-senator-harrison-a-williams-jr-81-dies-went-to-prison-over-abscam-scandal.html">"Ex-Senator Harrison Williams Jr. Dies"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Senator+Harrison+Williams+Jr.+Dies&rft.date=2001-11-11&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F11%2F20%2Fnyregion%2Fex-senator-harrison-a-williams-jr-81-dies-went-to-prison-over-abscam-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jenrette-75"><a href="#cite_ref-jenrette_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/06/us/around-the-nation-jenrette-begins-serving-term-in-abscam-case.html">"Around The Nation; Jenrette Begins Serving Term in Abscam Case"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. April 6, 1985. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Around+The+Nation%3B+Jenrette+Begins+Serving+Term+in+Abscam+Case&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1985-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F04%2F06%2Fus%2Faround-the-nation-jenrette-begins-serving-term-in-abscam-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kelly-76"><a href="#cite_ref-kelly_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon2005" class="citation news cs1">Saxon, Wolfgang (August 26, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/26/politics/richard-kelly-81-congressman-who-went-to-prison-in-scandal-dies.html">"Richard Kelly, 81, Congressman Who Went to Prison in Scandal, Dies"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Richard+Kelly%2C+81%2C+Congressman+Who+Went+to+Prison+in+Scandal%2C+Dies&rft.date=2005-08-26&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F08%2F26%2Fpolitics%2Frichard-kelly-81-congressman-who-went-to-prison-in-scandal-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lederer-77"><a href="#cite_ref-lederer_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/04lederer.html">"Raymond Lederer, Abscam Figure, Is Dead at 70"</a>. The New York Times. AP. December 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Raymond+Lederer%2C+Abscam+Figure%2C+Is+Dead+at+70&rft.date=2008-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F04%2Fus%2F04lederer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-myers-78"><a href="#cite_ref-myers_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Around The Nation: Abscam Convicts Told To Go to Prison on July 7". The New York Times. UPI. June 23, 1983. p. A16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/122158731">122158731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Around+The+Nation%3A+Abscam+Convicts+Told+To+Go+to+Prison+on+July+7&rft.pages=A16&rft.date=1983-06-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thompson-79"><a href="#cite_ref-thompson_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFried1989" class="citation news cs1">Fried, Joseph (July 24, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/24/obituaries/frank-thompson-70-career-in-congress-ended-with-abscam.html">"Frank Thompson, 70 Career in Congress Ended with Abscam"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Frank+Thompson%2C+70+Career+in+Congress+Ended+with+Abscam&rft.date=1989-07-24&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F07%2F24%2Fobituaries%2Ffrank-thompson-70-career-in-congress-ended-with-abscam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jmurphy-80"><a href="#cite_ref-jmurphy_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/16/nyregion/abscam-conspirator-begins-prison-term-former-representative-john-m-murphy.html,">"Abscam conspirator begins prison term"</a>. The New York Times. July 16, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518070810/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/16/nyregion/abscam-conspirator-begins-prison-term-former-representative-john-m-murphy.html%2C">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abscam+conspirator+begins+prison+term&rft.date=1983-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F07%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fabscam-conspirator-begins-prison-term-former-representative-john-m-murphy.html%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hinson1-81"><a href="#cite_ref-hinson1_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/06/us/around-the-nation-hinson-pleads-not-guilty-to-a-reduced-charge.html">"Hinson Pleads Not Guilty To a Reduced Charge"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. February 6, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026094521/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/06/us/around-the-nation-hinson-pleads-not-guilty-to-a-reduced-charge.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hinson+Pleads+Not+Guilty+To+a+Reduced+Charge&rft.date=1981-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F02%2F06%2Fus%2Faround-the-nation-hinson-pleads-not-guilty-to-a-reduced-charge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hinson2-82"><a href="#cite_ref-hinson2_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/29/us/around-the-nation-hinson-pleads-no-contest-to-oral-sodomy-charge.html">"Hinson Pleads No Contest To Oral Sodomy Charge"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. May 29, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810174104/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/29/us/around-the-nation-hinson-pleads-no-contest-to-oral-sodomy-charge.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hinson+Pleads+No+Contest+To+Oral+Sodomy+Charge&rft.date=1981-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F05%2F29%2Fus%2Faround-the-nation-hinson-pleads-no-contest-to-oral-sodomy-charge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-flood1-83"><a href="#cite_ref-flood1_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons1994" class="citation news cs1">Lyons, Richard D. (May 29, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/29/obituaries/daniel-flood-90-who-quit-congress-in-disgrace-is-dead.html">"Daniel Flood, 90, Who Quit Congress in Disgrace, Is Dead - Obituary; Biography"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518060213/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/29/obituaries/daniel-flood-90-who-quit-congress-in-disgrace-is-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Daniel+Flood%2C+90%2C+Who+Quit+Congress+in+Disgrace%2C+Is+Dead+-+Obituary%3B+Biography&rft.date=1994-05-29&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Richard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F05%2F29%2Fobituaries%2Fdaniel-flood-90-who-quit-congress-in-disgrace-is-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-flood2-84"><a href="#cite_ref-flood2_84-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/research_resources/impeachment/documents/cisc53.asp">http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/research_resources/impeachment/documents/cisc53.asp</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051025194617/http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/research_resources/impeachment/documents/cisc53.asp">Archived</a> October 25, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Censure Citations </li> <li id="cite_note-richmond1-85"><a href="#cite_ref-richmond1_85-0">^</a> "Heading South", Page Six, New York Post, February 24, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-hansen-86"><a href="#cite_ref-hansen_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F3/19/30/628064/">"United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. George v. Hansen, Defendant-appellant.united States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. John F. Scoresby, Defendant-appellant - 19 F.3d 30 - Justia US Court of Appeals Cases and Opinions"</a>. Cases.justia.com. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+of+America%2C+Plaintiff-appellee%2C+v.+George+v.+Hansen%2C+Defendant-appellant.united+States+of+America%2C+Plaintiff-appellee%2C+v.+John+F.+Scoresby%2C+Defendant-appellant+-+19+F.3d+30+-+Justia+US+Court+of+Appeals+Cases+and+Opinions&rft.pub=Cases.justia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcases.justia.com%2Fus-court-of-appeals%2FF3%2F19%2F30%2F628064%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wedtech-87"><a href="#cite_ref-wedtech_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraub1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Traub, James (July 27, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223000843/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317853,00.html">"Too Good to Be True: The Outlandish Story of Wedtech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317853,00.html">the original</a> on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Too+Good+to+Be+True%3A+The+Outlandish+Story+of+Wedtech&rft.date=1990-07-27&rft.aulast=Traub&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Few%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C317853%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-biaggi-88"><a href="#cite_ref-biaggi_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-03-mn-2767-story.html">"Biaggi Indicted in Wedtech Case: Congressman, Son, 5 Others Charged With Racketeering"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">work=Los Angeles Times</a>. June 3, 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209110845/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-06-03/news/mn-2767_1_law-firm">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biaggi+Indicted+in+Wedtech+Case%3A+Congressman%2C+Son%2C+5+Others+Charged+With+Racketeering&rft.date=1987-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-06-03-mn-2767-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-garcia-89"><a href="#cite_ref-garcia_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-20-mn-256-story.html">"Ex-Rep. Garcia, Wife Sentenced to 3-Year Terms in Wedtech Case"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. January 20, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003818/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-01-20/news/mn-256_1_robert-garcia">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Rep.+Garcia%2C+Wife+Sentenced+to+3-Year+Terms+in+Wedtech+Case&rft.date=1990-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-01-20-mn-256-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swindall1-90"><a href="#cite_ref-swindall1_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisser2009" class="citation news cs1">Visser, Steve (November 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/local/pat-swindall-fights-court-multiple-fronts/LcipvrwSyvsUj0gVnvuGKL/">"Pat Swindall fights in court on multiple fronts"</a>. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Pat+Swindall+fights+in+court+on+multiple+fronts&rft.date=2009-11-22&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpat-swindall-fights-court-multiple-fronts%2FLcipvrwSyvsUj0gVnvuGKL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swindall2-91"><a href="#cite_ref-swindall2_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://congressionalbadboys.com/Swindall.htm,">"Congressional Bad Boys"</a>. congressionalbadboys.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106133854/http://congressionalbadboys.com/Swindall.htm,">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=congressionalbadboys.com&rft.atitle=Congressional+Bad+Boys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcongressionalbadboys.com%2FSwindall.htm%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-claiborne1-92"><a href="#cite_ref-claiborne1_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1983" class="citation news cs1">Turner, Wallace (December 6, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/06/us/allegations-against-judge-stir-us-nevada-feud.html?pagewanted=all">"ALLEGATIONS AGAINST JUDGE STIR U.S.-NEVADA FEUD"</a>. New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019035752/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/06/us/allegations-against-judge-stir-us-nevada-feud.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ALLEGATIONS+AGAINST+JUDGE+STIR+U.S.-NEVADA+FEUD&rft.date=1983-12-06&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F12%2F06%2Fus%2Fallegations-against-judge-stir-us-nevada-feud.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wnixon1-93"><a href="#cite_ref-wnixon1_93-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nixon_v._United_States" title="Nixon v. United States">Nixon v. United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_506" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 506">506</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/506/224/">224</a> (1993) </li> <li id="cite_note-villalpando-94"><a href="#cite_ref-villalpando_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/us/former-united-states-treasurer-gets-prison-term-for-tax-fraud.html">"Former United States Treasurer Gets Prison Term for Tax Fraud"</a>. The New York Times. September 14, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223014615/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/us/former-united-states-treasurer-gets-prison-term-for-tax-fraud.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Former+United+States+Treasurer+Gets+Prison+Term+for+Tax+Fraud&rft.date=1994-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F09%2F14%2Fus%2Fformer-united-states-treasurer-gets-prison-term-for-tax-fraud.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-durenberger-95"><a href="#cite_ref-durenberger_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1990/07/26/durenberger-denounced-by-senate-on-96-0-vote/">"Durenberger Denounced By Senate On 96–0 Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a>. July 23, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011514/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-07-26/news/9007260684_1_david-durenberger-senate-reimbursement">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Durenberger+Denounced+By+Senate+On+96%E2%80%930+Vote&rft.date=1990-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2F1990%2F07%2F26%2Fdurenberger-denounced-by-senate-on-96-0-vote%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kim1-96"><a href="#cite_ref-kim1_96-0">^</a> "Kim Pleads Guilty to Illegal Donations", Asian Week, August 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-kim2-97"><a href="#cite_ref-kim2_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102554/http://www.capitolhillblue.com/Aug1999/081899/criminalclass3-081899.htm">"Congress: America's Criminal Class - Part III"</a>. Capitol Hill Blue. August 18, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitolhillblue.com/Aug1999/081899/criminalclass3-081899.htm">the original</a> on November 20, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capitol+Hill+Blue&rft.atitle=Congress%3A+America%27s+Criminal+Class+-+Part+III&rft.date=1999-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitolhillblue.com%2FAug1999%2F081899%2Fcriminalclass3-081899.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kim3-98"><a href="#cite_ref-kim3_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/keyraces98/stories/ca052298.htm">"Washingtonpost.com: Days in the Life of Jay Kim in the U.S. House of Correction"</a>. www.washingtonpost.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702032245/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/keyraces98/stories/ca052298.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Washingtonpost.com%3A+Days+in+the+Life+of+Jay+Kim+in+the+U.S.+House+of+Correction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fpolitics%2Fcampaigns%2Fkeyraces98%2Fstories%2Fca052298.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kim4-99"><a href="#cite_ref-kim4_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/10/us/national-news-briefs-congressman-sentenced-for-taking-illegal-funds.html">"National News Briefs; Congressman Sentenced For Taking Illegal Funds"</a>. The New York Times. March 10, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223014713/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/10/us/national-news-briefs-congressman-sentenced-for-taking-illegal-funds.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=National+News+Briefs%3B+Congressman+Sentenced+For+Taking+Illegal+Funds&rft.date=1998-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F03%2F10%2Fus%2Fnational-news-briefs-congressman-sentenced-for-taking-illegal-funds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-movroules1-100"><a href="#cite_ref-movroules1_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbel2003" class="citation news cs1">Abel, David (December 26, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2003/12/26/nicholas_mavroules_at_74_served_7_terms_in_us_house/">"Nicholas Movroules, at 74: served 7 terms in US House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143918/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2003/12/26/nicholas_mavroules_at_74_served_7_terms_in_us_house/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Nicholas+Movroules%2C+at+74%3A+served+7+terms+in+US+House&rft.date=2003-12-26&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fglobe%2Fobituaries%2Farticles%2F2003%2F12%2F26%2Fnicholas_mavroules_at_74_served_7_terms_in_us_house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-movroules2-101"><a href="#cite_ref-movroules2_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaidler2006" class="citation news cs1">Laidler, John (May 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/05/04/peabody_set_to_honor_mavroules/?page=full">"Peabody set to honor Mavroules, Scandal tainted years of service"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223000634/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/05/04/peabody_set_to_honor_mavroules/?page=full">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Peabody+set+to+honor+Mavroules%2C+Scandal+tainted+years+of+service&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft.aulast=Laidler&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticles%2F2006%2F05%2F04%2Fpeabody_set_to_honor_mavroules%2F%3Fpage%3Dfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bustamante-102"><a href="#cite_ref-bustamante_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-10-02-mn-41184-story.html">"Ex-Rep. Bustamante Sentenced to 3 1/2 Years for Racketeering"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. October 2, 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921113939/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-10-02/news/mn-41184_1_albert-bustamante">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Rep.+Bustamante+Sentenced+to+3+1%2F2+Years+for+Racketeering&rft.date=1993-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1993-10-02-mn-41184-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wnixon2-103"><a href="#cite_ref-wnixon2_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-11-04-mn-198-story.html">"Senate Convicts U.S. Judge on Perjury Counts"</a>. Los Angeles Times. November 4, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073330/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-11-04/news/mn-198_1_walter-nixon">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Convicts+U.S.+Judge+on+Perjury+Counts&rft.date=1989-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-11-04-mn-198-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahastings-104"><a href="#cite_ref-ahastings_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1989" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, David (October 21, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/21/us/hastings-ousted-as-senate-vote-convicts-judge.html">"Hastings Ousted As Senate Vote Convicts Judge"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511222640/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/21/us/hastings-ousted-as-senate-vote-convicts-judge.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hastings+Ousted+As+Senate+Vote+Convicts+Judge&rft.date=1989-10-21&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F10%2F21%2Fus%2Fhastings-ousted-as-senate-vote-convicts-judge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfcollins-105"><a href="#cite_ref-rfcollins_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1588-story.html">"Federal Judge Gets 6 Years in Bribe Plot"</a>. Los Angeles Times. September 7, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915031957/http://articles.latimes.com/1991-09-07/news/mn-1588_1_federal-judge">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Federal+Judge+Gets+6+Years+in+Bribe+Plot&rft.date=1991-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1588-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-druyun1-106"><a href="#cite_ref-druyun1_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2004/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-maverick/15941/">"The Rise And Fall of A Maverick"</a>. Government Executive. February 1, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825082721/http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2004/02/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-maverick/15941/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+Executive&rft.atitle=The+Rise+And+Fall+of+A+Maverick&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.govexec.com%2Fmagazine%2F2004%2F02%2Fthe-rise-and-fall-of-a-maverick%2F15941%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-druyun2-107"><a href="#cite_ref-druyun2_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html">"Ex-Official Goes to Prison"</a>. January 5, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030718042205/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2003. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-Official+Goes+to+Prison&rft.date=2005-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-druyun3-108"><a href="#cite_ref-druyun3_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cashing-in-for-profit/">"Cashing In For Profit?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. January 4, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919123913/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/01/04/60ii/main664652.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Cashing+In+For+Profit%3F&rft.date=2005-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcashing-in-for-profit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanders1-109"><a href="#cite_ref-sanders1_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Schmidt2007" class="citation news cs1">Susan Schmidt (December 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/14/AR2007121402008_pf.html">"Republican With Links to Abramoff Is Sentenced"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103225905/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/14/AR2007121402008_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Republican+With+Links+to+Abramoff+Is+Sentenced&rft.date=2007-12-15&rft.au=Susan+Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F12%2F14%2FAR2007121402008_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanders2-110"><a href="#cite_ref-sanders2_110-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/05/wade-sanders-a-former-deputy-assistant-secretary-of-the-navy-in-the-clinton-administration-was-sentenced-today-to-three-yea.html">Former Navy official receives 37 months in prison in child porn case</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111083522/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/05/wade-sanders-a-former-deputy-assistant-secretary-of-the-navy-in-the-clinton-administration-was-sentenced-today-to-three-yea.html">Archived</a> November 11, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Los Angeles Times; May 4, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-sanders3-111"><a href="#cite_ref-sanders3_111-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jul/28/navy-hero-vietnam-stripped-medal/">Navy Hero from Vietnam Stripped of Medal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911104807/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jul/28/navy-hero-vietnam-stripped-medal/">Archived</a> September 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; San Diego Union-Tribune; July 28, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-29-mn-18541-story.html">"Hubbell Gets 21 Months in Fraud Case : Courts: Former Justice Department official targeted in Whitewater probe is sentenced for overbilling law firm and clients and evading taxes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. June 29, 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hubbell+Gets+21+Months+in+Fraud+Case+%3A+Courts%3A+Former+Justice+Department+official+targeted+in+Whitewater+probe+is+sentenced+for+overbilling+law+firm+and+clients+and+evading+taxes&rft.date=1995-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1995-06-29-mn-18541-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-banking-113"><a href="#cite_ref-banking_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrause1992" class="citation news cs1">Krause, Clifford (April 16, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/1992/04/16/house-bank-scandal-backfires-on-gop/">"House bank scandal backfires on GOP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223000641/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-04-16/news/1992107009_1_house-bank-scandal-overdrawn-lowery">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=House+bank+scandal+backfires+on+GOP&rft.date=1992-04-16&rft.aulast=Krause&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F1992%2F04%2F16%2Fhouse-bank-scandal-backfires-on-gop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hubbard-114"><a href="#cite_ref-hubbard_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-06-mn-42811-story.html">"Ex-Lawmaker, Wife Admit Misusing Funds"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. April 6, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131183733/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-04-06/news/mn-42811_1_carol-hubbard">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Lawmaker%2C+Wife+Admit+Misusing+Funds&rft.date=1994-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-04-06-mn-42811-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-perkins-115"><a href="#cite_ref-perkins_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/Pre_96/December94/697.txt.html">"Former Congressman Perkins is Charged, Agrees to Plead Guilty"</a> (Press release). Department of Justice. December 13, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130714012939/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/Pre_96/December94/697.txt.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Congressman+Perkins+is+Charged%2C+Agrees+to+Plead+Guilty&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice&rft.date=1994-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fopa%2Fpr%2FPre_96%2FDecember94%2F697.txt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fauntroy-116"><a href="#cite_ref-fauntroy_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/Pre_96/March95/153.txt.html">"Former Delegate Fauntroy is Charged, Agrees to Plead Guilty"</a> (Press release). Department of Justice. March 22, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130714011746/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/Pre_96/March95/153.txt.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Delegate+Fauntroy+is+Charged%2C+Agrees+to+Plead+Guilty&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice&rft.date=1995-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fopa%2Fpr%2FPre_96%2FMarch95%2F153.txt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lukens-117"><a href="#cite_ref-lukens_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-03-16-mn-47643-story.html">"Lukens Convicted of Taking Bribes"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. March 16, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131183734/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-03-16/news/mn-47643_1_harvey-volzer">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Lukens+Convicted+of+Taking+Bribes&rft.date=1996-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1996-03-16-mn-47643-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oakar-118"><a href="#cite_ref-oakar_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-sep-30-mn-37815-story.html">"Ex-Rep. Oakar Will Admit Breaking Law"</a>. Los Angeles Times. September 30, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915015217/http://articles.latimes.com/1997/sep/30/news/mn-37815">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Rep.+Oakar+Will+Admit+Breaking+Law&rft.date=1997-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1997-sep-30-mn-37815-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-usps-119"><a href="#cite_ref-usps_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabaton1993" class="citation news cs1">Labaton, Stephen (July 20, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/us/house-aide-links-a-top-lawmaker-to-embezzlement.html">"House Aide Links a Top Lawmaker to Embezzlement"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223014640/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/us/house-aide-links-a-top-lawmaker-to-embezzlement.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House+Aide+Links+a+Top+Lawmaker+to+Embezzlement&rft.date=1993-07-20&rft.aulast=Labaton&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F07%2F20%2Fus%2Fhouse-aide-links-a-top-lawmaker-to-embezzlement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rostenkowski-120"><a href="#cite_ref-rostenkowski_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1996" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Robert L. (April 10, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-10-mn-56883-story.html">"Rostenkowski Pleads Guilty, Gets Prison"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012062439/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-10/news/mn-56883_1_rostenkowski-pleads-guilty">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Rostenkowski+Pleads+Guilty%2C+Gets+Prison&rft.date=1996-04-10&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1996-04-10-mn-56883-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kolter1-121"><a href="#cite_ref-kolter1_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/08/01/ex-house-member-gets-6-months-in-stamp-scandal/">"Ex-house Member Gets 6 Months In Stamp Scandal"</a>. Orlando Sentinel. August 1, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011517/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1996-08-01/news/9607311615_1_kolter-scandal-sentence">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Ex-house+Member+Gets+6+Months+In+Stamp+Scandal&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2F1996%2F08%2F01%2Fex-house-member-gets-6-months-in-stamp-scandal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kolter2-122"><a href="#cite_ref-kolter2_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/01/us/ex-congressman-gets-6-months-in-prison.html">"Ex-congressman Gets 6 Months in Prison"</a>. The New York Times. AP. August 1, 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-congressman+Gets+6+Months+in+Prison&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F08%2F01%2Fus%2Fex-congressman-gets-6-months-in-prison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooley1-123"><a href="#cite_ref-cooley1_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroderick2009" class="citation news cs1">Broderick, Chris (January 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2009/01/wes_cooley_indicted_on_federal.html">"Wes Cooley indicted on federal fraud charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223001238/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2009/01/wes_cooley_indicted_on_federal.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Wes+Cooley+indicted+on+federal+fraud+charges&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft.aulast=Broderick&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2009%2F01%2Fwes_cooley_indicted_on_federal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooley2-124"><a href="#cite_ref-cooley2_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/12/former_oregon_congressman_sent.html">"Wes Cooley, former Oregon congressman, sentenced to federal prison for tax fraud"</a>. The Oregonian. Associated Press. December 11, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223001200/http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/12/former_oregon_congressman_sent.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Wes+Cooley%2C+former+Oregon+congressman%2C+sentenced+to+federal+prison+for+tax+fraud&rft.date=2012-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F12%2Fformer_oregon_congressman_sent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-amurphy-125"><a href="#cite_ref-amurphy_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeltzel1999" class="citation news cs1">Heltzel, Bill (May 25, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990522murphy1.asp">"Election fraud indictment credited to minor official"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223001921/http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19990522murphy1.asp">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Election+fraud+indictment+credited+to+minor+official&rft.date=1999-05-25&rft.aulast=Heltzel&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.post-gazette.com%2Fregionstate%2F19990522murphy1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dkos-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dkos_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dkos_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailykos.com/story/2017/1/11/1619079/-Comparing-Presidential-Administrations-by-Arrests-and-Convictions-A-Warning-for-Trump-Appointees">"Comparing presidential administrations by arrests and convictions: A warning for Trump appointees"</a>. Daily Kos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628001924/https://www.dailykos.com/story/2017/1/11/1619079/-Comparing-Presidential-Administrations-by-Arrests-and-Convictions-A-Warning-for-Trump-Appointees">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Kos&rft.atitle=Comparing+presidential+administrations+by+arrests+and+convictions%3A+A+warning+for+Trump+appointees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailykos.com%2Fstory%2F2017%2F1%2F11%2F1619079%2F-Comparing-Presidential-Administrations-by-Arrests-and-Convictions-A-Warning-for-Trump-Appointees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allen-127"><a href="#cite_ref-allen_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/10/AR2006031002328_pf.html">"Former Top Bush Aide Accused of Md. Thefts"</a>. www.washingtonpost.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019122537/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/10/AR2006031002328_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Former+Top+Bush+Aide+Accused+of+Md.+Thefts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F03%2F10%2FAR2006031002328_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crawford-128"><a href="#cite_ref-crawford_128-0">^</a> "Ex-FDA Chief Gets Probation, Fine for Lying About Stocks". The Associated Press. February 28, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-libby1-129"><a href="#cite_ref-libby1_129-0">^</a> Michael J. Sniffen and Matt Apuzzo (Associated Press),"Libby Found Guilty in CIA Leak Trial: Ex-Cheney Aide Libby Found Guilty of Obstruction, Perjury, Lying to the FBI in CIA Leak Case", ABC News, March 6, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-libby2-130"><a href="#cite_ref-libby2_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422010822/https://www.justice.gov/pardon/page/file/1052911/download">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/pardon/page/file/1052911/download">the original</a> on April 22, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fpardon%2Fpage%2Ffile%2F1052911%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-safavian1-131"><a href="#cite_ref-safavian1_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/11/20031103-16.html">"Personnel Announcement"</a>. georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912102241/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/11/20031103-16.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov&rft.atitle=Personnel+Announcement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2003%2F11%2F20031103-16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-safavian2-132"><a href="#cite_ref-safavian2_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithSchmidt2005" class="citation web cs1">Smith, R. Jeffrey; Schmidt, Susan (September 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091901859.html">"Bush Official Arrested in Corruption Probe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161113212253/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091901859.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via washingtonpost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bush+Official+Arrested+in+Corruption+Probe&rft.date=2005-09-20&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R.+Jeffrey&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2005%2F09%2F19%2FAR2005091901859.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-safavian3-133"><a href="#cite_ref-safavian3_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1138.html">"#08-1138: Former GSA Chief of Staff David Safavian Convicted of Obstruction, Making False Statements (2008-12-19)"</a>. Justice.gov. December 19, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826234455/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1138.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2308-1138%3A+Former+GSA+Chief+of+Staff+David+Safavian+Convicted+of+Obstruction%2C+Making+False+Statements+%282008-12-19%29&rft.pub=Justice.gov&rft.date=2008-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fopa%2Fpr%2F2008%2FDecember%2F08-crm-1138.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-safavian4-134"><a href="#cite_ref-safavian4_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum2006" class="citation news cs1">Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. (June 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/20/AR2006062001626.html">"Ex-Aide To Bush Found Guilty"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101030202733/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/20/AR2006062001626.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ex-Aide+To+Bush+Found+Guilty&rft.date=2006-06-21&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F06%2F20%2FAR2006062001626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-safavian5-135"><a href="#cite_ref-safavian5_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205024225/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15446565/">"Safavian sentenced to 18 months in jail - politics"</a>. NBC News. October 27, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/15446565">the original</a> on December 5, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Safavian+sentenced+to+18+months+in+jail+-+politics&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F15446565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-safavian6-136"><a href="#cite_ref-safavian6_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/056/000111720/">"David Safavian"</a>. www.nndb.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916114653/http://www.nndb.com/people/056/000111720/">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nndb.com&rft.atitle=David+Safavian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F056%2F000111720%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sixto-137"><a href="#cite_ref-sixto_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?destination=%2fwp-dyn%2fcontent%2farticle%2f2009%2f03%2f18%2fAR2009031800661.html%3f">"The Washington Post"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgdpr-consent%2F%3Fdestination%3D%252fwp-dyn%252fcontent%252farticle%252f2009%252f03%252f18%252fAR2009031800661.html%253f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloch1-138"><a href="#cite_ref-bloch1_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2010" class="citation web cs1">Elliott, Justin (April 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/04/ex-bush_official_pleads_guilty_in_geeks_on_call_ca.php">"Ex-Bush Official Pleads Guilty To Contempt In Geeks On Call Case"</a>. Talking Points Memo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430234232/http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2010/04/ex-bush_official_pleads_guilty_in_geeks_on_call_ca.php">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-Bush+Official+Pleads+Guilty+To+Contempt+In+Geeks+On+Call+Case&rft.pub=Talking+Points+Memo&rft.date=2010-04-27&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com%2F2010%2F04%2Fex-bush_official_pleads_guilty_in_geeks_on_call_ca.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloch2-139"><a href="#cite_ref-bloch2_139-0">^</a> Hsu, Spencer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/03/AR2011020303180.html">Bush whistle-blower protector faces jail</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111233833/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/03/AR2011020303180.html">Archived</a> November 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, February 3, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-bloch3-140"><a href="#cite_ref-bloch3_140-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/former-federal-official-sentenced-to-probation-and-a-day-in-jail/2013/06/24/435d0de8-dd02-11e2-9218-bc2ac7cd44e2_story.html">Marimow, Ann E. "Former federal official sentenced to probation with a day in jail," The Washington Post, 24 June 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140125060959/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/former-federal-official-sentenced-to-probation-and-a-day-in-jail/2013/06/24/435d0de8-dd02-11e2-9218-bc2ac7cd44e2_story.html">Archived</a> January 25, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed November 10, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-traficant-141"><a href="#cite_ref-traficant_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillispie2014" class="citation news cs1">Gillispie, Mark (September 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/convicted-ex-congressman-james-traficant-dies-73/">"Convicted ex-congressman James Traficant dies at 73"</a>. PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223000129/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/convicted-ex-congressman-james-traficant-dies-73/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Convicted+ex-congressman+James+Traficant+dies+at+73&rft.date=2014-09-27&rft.aulast=Gillispie&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Frundown%2Fconvicted-ex-congressman-james-traficant-dies-73%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-janklow-142"><a href="#cite_ref-janklow_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-01-21-janklow-sentencing_x.htm">"Janklow sentenced to 100 days in jail"</a>. USA Today. Associated Press. January 21, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222235126/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-01-21-janklow-sentencing_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Janklow+sentenced+to+100+days+in+jail&rft.date=2004-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2004-01-21-janklow-sentencing_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ballance-143"><a href="#cite_ref-ballance_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wral.com/news/local/politics/story/5410095/">"Ballance completes federal sentence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WRAL-TV" title="WRAL-TV">WRAL-TV</a> News. June 22, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016054030/http://www.wral.com/news/local/politics/story/5410095/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WRAL-TV+News&rft.atitle=Ballance+completes+federal+sentence&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wral.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpolitics%2Fstory%2F5410095%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cunningham-144"><a href="#cite_ref-cunningham_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabcockWeisman2005" class="citation news cs1">Babcock, Charles R.; Weisman, Jonathan (November 29, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/28/AR2005112801827.html">"Congressman Admits Taking Bribes, Resigns"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011638/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/28/AR2005112801827.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Congressman+Admits+Taking+Bribes%2C+Resigns&rft.date=2005-11-29&rft.aulast=Babcock&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft.au=Weisman%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2005%2F11%2F28%2FAR2005112801827.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ney-145"><a href="#cite_ref-ney_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtGrimaldi2007" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James V. (January 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/19/AR2007011900162.html">"Ney Sentenced to 30 Months In Prison for Abramoff Deals"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011946/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/19/AR2007011900162.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ney+Sentenced+to+30+Months+In+Prison+for+Abramoff+Deals&rft.date=2007-01-20&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Grimaldi%2C+James+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F01%2F19%2FAR2007011900162.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hastert-146"><a href="#cite_ref-hastert_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/the-top-political-sex-scandals-2015">"The top political sex scandals of 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. December 31, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170503102451/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/the-top-political-sex-scandals-2015">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSNBC&rft.atitle=The+top+political+sex+scandals+of+2015&rft.date=2015-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fmsnbc%2Fthe-top-political-sex-scandals-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jefferson1-147"><a href="#cite_ref-jefferson1_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2009" class="citation news cs1">Cook, Dave (November 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2009/1113/former-rep-william-jefferson-sentenced-to-13-years-in-prison">"Former Representative William Jefferson Sentenced to 13 years in Prison"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222235431/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2009/1113/former-rep-william-jefferson-sentenced-to-13-years-in-prison">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Former+Representative+William+Jefferson+Sentenced+to+13+years+in+Prison&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FPolitics%2F2009%2F1113%2Fformer-rep-william-jefferson-sentenced-to-13-years-in-prison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jefferson2-148"><a href="#cite_ref-jefferson2_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadelat2006" class="citation news cs1">Radelat, Ana (January 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-01-11-exaideguilty_x.htm">"Former congressional aide pleads guilty to bribery"</a>. USA Today. <a href="/wiki/Gannett_News_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett News Service">Gannett News Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151014073628/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-01-11-exaideguilty_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Former+congressional+aide+pleads+guilty+to+bribery&rft.date=2006-01-11&rft.aulast=Radelat&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2006-01-11-exaideguilty_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-petraeus1-149"><a href="#cite_ref-petraeus1_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e9104f78-11fe-11e6-91da-096d89bd2173?ftcamp=published_links%2Frss%2Flife-arts_lunch-with-the-ft%2Ffeed%2F%2Fproduct">"Lunch with the FT: David Petraeus"</a>. Financial Times. May 6, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2016. <q>"I'm completely non-partisan," Petraeus continues.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Lunch+with+the+FT%3A+David+Petraeus&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe9104f78-11fe-11e6-91da-096d89bd2173%3Fftcamp%3Dpublished_links%252Frss%252Flife-arts_lunch-with-the-ft%252Ffeed%252F%252Fproduct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-petraeus2-150"><a href="#cite_ref-petraeus2_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtApuzzo2015" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S.; Apuzzo, Matt (April 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/us/david-petraeus-to-be-sentenced-in-leak-investigation.html">"David Petraeus Is Sentenced to Probation in Leak Investigation"</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Petraeus+Is+Sentenced+to+Probation+in+Leak+Investigation&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft.au=Apuzzo%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F24%2Fus%2Fdavid-petraeus-to-be-sentenced-in-leak-investigation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-siljander-151"><a href="#cite_ref-siljander_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/12/us/michigan-ex-congressman-siljander-gets-one-year-sentence.html">"Michigan: Ex-Congressman Gets One-Year Sentence"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. January 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michigan%3A+Ex-Congressman+Gets+One-Year+Sentence&rft.date=2012-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F12%2Fus%2Fmichigan-ex-congressman-siljander-gets-one-year-sentence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-152"><a href="#cite_ref-jackson_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2013" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S. (February 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/us/politics/jesse-l-jackson-jr-pleads-guilty-to-wire-and-mail-fraud.html">"Jesse Jackson Jr. Pleads Guilty: 'I Lived Off My Campaign'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329194446/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/us/politics/jesse-l-jackson-jr-pleads-guilty-to-wire-and-mail-fraud.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jesse+Jackson+Jr.+Pleads+Guilty%3A+%27I+Lived+Off+My+Campaign%27&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F02%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjesse-l-jackson-jr-pleads-guilty-to-wire-and-mail-fraud.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-renzi-153"><a href="#cite_ref-renzi_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/rick-renzi-convicted_n_3424403.html">"Rick Renzi, Former Congressman, Convicted On 17 Of 32 Counts In Corruption Case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. June 11, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223003955/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/rick-renzi-convicted_n_3424403.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Rick+Renzi%2C+Former+Congressman%2C+Convicted+On+17+Of+32+Counts+In+Corruption+Case&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F06%2F11%2Frick-renzi-convicted_n_3424403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-radel1-154"><a href="#cite_ref-radel1_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebenedetti2013" class="citation news cs1">Debenedetti, Gabriel (November 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/florida-congressman-radel-gets-probation-cocaine-charge-160555489.html">"Florida Congressman Radel gets probation on cocaine charge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223011241/http://news.yahoo.com/florida-congressman-radel-gets-probation-cocaine-charge-160555489.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=Florida+Congressman+Radel+gets+probation+on+cocaine+charge&rft.date=2013-11-20&rft.aulast=Debenedetti&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fflorida-congressman-radel-gets-probation-cocaine-charge-160555489.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-radel2-155"><a href="#cite_ref-radel2_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_LevineMaryalice_Parks2013" class="citation news cs1">Mike Levine; Maryalice Parks (November 21, 2013). "Florida Rep. Trey Radel to Take Leave of Absence After Cocaine Charge". Good Morning America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Florida+Rep.+Trey+Radel+to+Take+Leave+of+Absence+After+Cocaine+Charge&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.au=Mike+Levine&rft.au=Maryalice+Parks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-radel3-156"><a href="#cite_ref-radel3_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2014" class="citation news cs1">King, Ledyard (January 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/01/27/trey-radel-resign-congress-cocaine/4934741/">"Rep. Trey Radel to resign from Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115055131/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/01/27/trey-radel-resign-congress-cocaine/4934741/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Rep.+Trey+Radel+to+resign+from+Congress&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Ledyard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2F01%2F27%2Ftrey-radel-resign-congress-cocaine%2F4934741%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-grimm1-157"><a href="#cite_ref-grimm1_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristina_Wilkie2014" class="citation news cs1">Christina Wilkie (December 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/23/michael-grimm_n_6372524.html">"Rep. Michael Grimm Pleads Guilty To Felony Tax Fraud"</a>. The Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116170358/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/23/michael-grimm_n_6372524.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Rep.+Michael+Grimm+Pleads+Guilty+To+Felony+Tax+Fraud&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.au=Christina+Wilkie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F12%2F23%2Fmichael-grimm_n_6372524.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-grimm2-158"><a href="#cite_ref-grimm2_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ex-rep-grimm-sentenced-to-8-months-in-prison-in-tax-evasion-case">"Ex-Rep. Grimm sentenced to 8 months in prison in tax evasion case"</a>. Fox News. July 17, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118044444/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/07/17/ex-rep-grimm-sentenced-to-8-months-in-prison-in-tax-evasion-case.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Ex-Rep.+Grimm+sentenced+to+8+months+in+prison+in+tax+evasion+case&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fex-rep-grimm-sentenced-to-8-months-in-prison-in-tax-evasion-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fattah-159"><a href="#cite_ref-fattah_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-36588724">"US congressman Chaka Fattah convicted on corruption charges"</a>. BBC News. June 21, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003213921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-36588724">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+congressman+Chaka+Fattah+convicted+on+corruption+charges&rft.date=2016-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-36588724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown1-160"><a href="#cite_ref-brown1_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2017" class="citation news cs1">Stevens, Matt (May 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/us/politics/corrine-brown-guilty.html">"Ex-Florida Congresswoman Convicted of Taking Money Meant for Charity"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170512213225/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/us/politics/corrine-brown-guilty.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Florida+Congresswoman+Convicted+of+Taking+Money+Meant+for+Charity&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F11%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcorrine-brown-guilty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown2-161"><a href="#cite_ref-brown2_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWootson_Jr.2017" class="citation web cs1">Wootson Jr., Cleve (December 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/12/04/former-congresswoman-corrine-brown-sentenced-to-five-years-in-prison-in-charity-slush-fund-case/?noredirect=on">"Former congresswoman Corrine Brown sentenced to five years in prison in charity slush-fund case"</a>. Retrieved May 8, 2018 – via WashingtonPost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+congresswoman+Corrine+Brown+sentenced+to+five+years+in+prison+in+charity+slush-fund+case&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Wootson+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Cleve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpowerpost%2Fwp%2F2017%2F12%2F04%2Fformer-congresswoman-corrine-brown-sentenced-to-five-years-in-prison-in-charity-slush-fund-case%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weiner1-162"><a href="#cite_ref-weiner1_162-0">^</a> Katz, Celeste (June 20, 2011). "Document Drop: Weiner's Resignation Letter". New York Daily News. Dear Secretary Perales and Governor Cuomo: I hereby resign as the Member of the House of Representatives for New York's Ninth Congressional District effective at midnight, Tuesday, June 21, 2011. It has been an honor to serve the people of Queens and Brooklyn. (scan of letter of resignation at this link) </li> <li id="cite_note-weiner2-163"><a href="#cite_ref-weiner2_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vice.com/story/anthony-weiner-to-plead-guilty-to-sexting-with-a-15-year-old">"Anthony Weiner will register as a sex offender after pleading guilty to sexting with a 15-year-old"</a>. May 19, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170519191645/https://news.vice.com/story/anthony-weiner-to-plead-guilty-to-sexting-with-a-15-year-old">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anthony+Weiner+will+register+as+a+sex+offender+after+pleading+guilty+to+sexting+with+a+15-year-old&rft.date=2017-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.vice.com%2Fstory%2Fanthony-weiner-to-plead-guilty-to-sexting-with-a-15-year-old&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stockman-164"><a href="#cite_ref-stockman_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/former-rep-steve-stockman-found-guilty-of-23-felonies">"Former Rep. Steve Stockman Found Guilty of 23 Felonies"</a>. The Daily Beast. April 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Former+Rep.+Steve+Stockman+Found+Guilty+of+23+Felonies&rft.date=2018-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fformer-rep-steve-stockman-found-guilty-of-23-felonies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/tn-dpt-1029-rohrabacher-20111028-story.html">"Rohrabacher defends wife's pay"</a>. Los Angeles Times. October 28, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114141634/http://www.latimes.com/tn-dpt-1029-rohrabacher-20111028-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Rohrabacher+defends+wife%27s+pay&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ftn-dpt-1029-rohrabacher-20111028-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-10-26-me-57826-story.html">"Rohrabacher Pays Fines for Not Filing Report"</a> Gene Martinez, LA Times, latimes.com, October 26, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-kent3-167"><a href="#cite_ref-kent3_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2009" class="citation news cs1">Powell, Stewart (June 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6488310.html">"Judge Kent's impeachment came fast and furious"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090621075620/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6488310.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Judge+Kent%27s+impeachment+came+fast+and+furious&rft.date=2009-06-19&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Ffront%2F6488310.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-camp1-168"><a href="#cite_ref-camp1_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlo2011" class="citation news cs1">Pavlo, Walter (March 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterpavlo/2011/03/15/u-s-federal-judge-jack-camp-retired-to-discover-life-of-crime/">"U.S. Federal Judge Jack Camp Retired To Discover Life of Crime"</a>. Forbes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=U.S.+Federal+Judge+Jack+Camp+Retired+To+Discover+Life+of+Crime&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.aulast=Pavlo&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fwalterpavlo%2F2011%2F03%2F15%2Fu-s-federal-judge-jack-camp-retired-to-discover-life-of-crime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120040748/http://www.forbes.com/sites/walterpavlo/2011/03/15/u-s-federal-judge-jack-camp-retired-to-discover-life-of-crime/">Archived</a> January 20, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-camp2-169"><a href="#cite_ref-camp2_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRae2010" class="citation news cs1">McRae, Alex (November 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120003318/http://www.times-herald.com/local/Camp-to-plead-guilty-Friday-57686">"Judge Camp Pleads Guilty To 2 Drug Charges"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.times-herald.com/local/Camp-to-plead-guilty-Friday-57686">the original</a> on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+Camp+Pleads+Guilty+To+2+Drug+Charges&rft.date=2010-11-27&rft.aulast=McRae&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.times-herald.com%2Flocal%2FCamp-to-plead-guilty-Friday-57686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-camp3-170"><a href="#cite_ref-camp3_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/ex-judge-camp-sentenced-to-30-days-in-prison/nQrRq/">"Ex-judge Camp sentenced to 30 days in prison"</a>. Atlanta Journal Constitution. March 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta+Journal+Constitution&rft.atitle=Ex-judge+Camp+sentenced+to+30+days+in+prison&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fex-judge-camp-sentenced-to-30-days-in-prison%2FnQrRq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120005130/http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/ex-judge-camp-sentenced-to-30-days-in-prison/nQrRq/">Archived</a> January 20, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-porteous2-171"><a href="#cite_ref-porteous2_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2010" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Ben (December 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/8/senate-convicts-la-judge-impeachment-charge/">"Federal judge convicted on 4 impeachment charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228151956/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/8/senate-convicts-la-judge-impeachment-charge/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Federal+judge+convicted+on+4+impeachment+charges&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2Fdec%2F8%2Fsenate-convicts-la-judge-impeachment-charge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-porteous3-172"><a href="#cite_ref-porteous3_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMemoli2010" class="citation news cs1">Memoli, Michael A. (December 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-pn-senate-impeachment-20101209,0,1851163.story">"Senate convicts Louisiana federal judge in impeachment trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved December 22, 2014. <q>The Senate also voted to bar him from ever holding public office in the future... The vote on the first count was unanimous, 96–0. On subsequent counts, the votes were 69–27, 88–8, and 90–6. Impeachment required a vote of two-thirds of the Senate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+convicts+Louisiana+federal+judge+in+impeachment+trial&rft.date=2010-12-09&rft.aulast=Memoli&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fnation%2Fla-pn-senate-impeachment-20101209%2C0%2C1851163.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuller1-173"><a href="#cite_ref-fuller1_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2015" class="citation news cs1">Friedman, Brad (June 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2015/06/01/americas_most_heinous_judge_resigns_wife_beater_mark_fuller_leaves_the_bench_finally_but_not_easily/">"America's most heinous judge resigns: Wife-beater Mark Fuller leaves the bench, finally, but not easily"</a>. Salon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=America%27s+most+heinous+judge+resigns%3A+Wife-beater+Mark+Fuller+leaves+the+bench%2C+finally%2C+but+not+easily&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2015%2F06%2F01%2Famericas_most_heinous_judge_resigns_wife_beater_mark_fuller_leaves_the_bench_finally_but_not_easily%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914001812/http://www.salon.com/2015/06/01/americas_most_heinous_judge_resigns_wife_beater_mark_fuller_leaves_the_bench_finally_but_not_easily/">Archived</a> September 14, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuller2-174"><a href="#cite_ref-fuller2_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhelps2015" class="citation news cs1">Phelps, Timothy M. (March 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-judge-impeach-fight-20150315-story.html">"U.S. Judge Mark Fuller of Alabama may face ouster after domestic abuse claim"</a>. Los Angeles Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Judge+Mark+Fuller+of+Alabama+may+face+ouster+after+domestic+abuse+claim&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=Timothy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fla-na-judge-impeach-fight-20150315-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916160753/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-judge-impeach-fight-20150315-story.html">Archived</a> September 16, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuller3-175"><a href="#cite_ref-fuller3_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulk2014" class="citation news cs1">Faulk, Kent (September 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2014/09/federal_judge_mark_fuller_acce.html">"Federal judge Mark Fuller accepts plea deal in domestic violence case; could have arrest record expunged"</a>. AL.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Federal+judge+Mark+Fuller+accepts+plea+deal+in+domestic+violence+case%3B+could+have+arrest+record+expunged&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft.aulast=Faulk&rft.aufirst=Kent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.com%2Fnews%2Fbirmingham%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F09%2Ffederal_judge_mark_fuller_acce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913151503/http://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2014/09/federal_judge_mark_fuller_acce.html">Archived</a> September 13, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-flynn-176"><a href="#cite_ref-flynn_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-42192080#">"Ex-Trump adviser Flynn admits lying to FBI"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved December 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ex-Trump+adviser+Flynn+admits+lying+to+FBI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-42192080%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuman2020" class="citation news cs1">Neuman, Scott (August 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/08/31/908002412/appeals-court-rejects-justice-department-effort-to-shut-down-michael-flynn-case">"Appeals Court Rejects Justice Department Effort to Shut Down Michael Flynn Case"</a>. NPR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Appeals+Court+Rejects+Justice+Department+Effort+to+Shut+Down+Michael+Flynn+Case&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft.aulast=Neuman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F08%2F31%2F908002412%2Fappeals-court-rejects-justice-department-effort-to-shut-down-michael-flynn-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolantz2020" class="citation news cs1">Polantz, Katelyn (December 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/08/politics/michael-flynn/index.html">"Judge formally dismisses Michael Flynn case after Trump pardon"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Judge+formally+dismisses+Michael+Flynn+case+after+Trump+pardon&rft.date=2020-12-08&rft.aulast=Polantz&rft.aufirst=Katelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F12%2F08%2Fpolitics%2Fmichael-flynn%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccollins-179"><a href="#cite_ref-ccollins_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZremski2019" class="citation news cs1">Zremski, Jerry (September 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buffalonews.com/2019/09/30/rep-chris-collins-other-defendants-to-change-pleas-in-insider-trading-case/">"Rep. Chris Collins, co-defendants to change pleas in insider trading case"</a>. The Buffalo News. Retrieved September 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Buffalo+News&rft.atitle=Rep.+Chris+Collins%2C+co-defendants+to+change+pleas+in+insider+trading+case&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft.aulast=Zremski&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuffalonews.com%2F2019%2F09%2F30%2Frep-chris-collins-other-defendants-to-change-pleas-in-insider-trading-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/472832-duncan-hunter-pleads-guilty/">"Duncan Hunter pleads guilty after changing plea"</a>. December 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duncan+Hunter+pleads+guilty+after+changing+plea&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F472832-duncan-hunter-pleads-guilty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesShabad2023" class="citation news cs1">Barnes, Daniel; Shabad, Rebecca (October 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/rep-jamaal-bowman-pleads-guilty-one-count-falsely-pulling-fire-alarm-rcna122306">"Rep. Jamaal Bowman pleads guilty to one count of falsely pulling a fire alarm"</a>. NBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Rep.+Jamaal+Bowman+pleads+guilty+to+one+count+of+falsely+pulling+a+fire+alarm&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Shabad%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress%2Frep-jamaal-bowman-pleads-guilty-one-count-falsely-pulling-fire-alarm-rcna122306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebekah_Riess2023" class="citation news cs1">Rebekah Riess (May 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/05/politics/madison-cawthorn-loaded-handgun-airport/index.html">"Madison Cawthorn pleads guilty in case over bringing a loaded handgun through TSA checkpoint"</a>. cnn.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Madison+Cawthorn+pleads+guilty+in+case+over+bringing+a+loaded+handgun+through+TSA+checkpoint&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft.au=Rebekah+Riess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F05%2F05%2Fpolitics%2Fmadison-cawthorn-loaded-handgun-airport%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdel_ValleScannellSouzaBrown2024" class="citation web cs1">del Valle, Lauren; Scannell, Kara; Souza, Sabrina; Brown, Nicki (July 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/16/politics/bob-menendez-verdict/index.html">"Democratic Sen. Bob Menendez found guilty in federal corruption trial"</a>. CNN. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Democratic+Sen.+Bob+Menendez+found+guilty+in+federal+corruption+trial&rft.date=2024-07-16&rft.aulast=del+Valle&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.au=Scannell%2C+Kara&rft.au=Souza%2C+Sabrina&rft.au=Brown%2C+Nicki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F07%2F16%2Fpolitics%2Fbob-menendez-verdict%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_McDaniel2023" class="citation news cs1">Eric McDaniel (December 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/12/01/1215899764/george-santos-expulsion-house">"New York Republican George Santos expelled from Congress"</a>. npr.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+York+Republican+George+Santos+expelled+from+Congress&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft.au=Eric+McDaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F12%2F01%2F1215899764%2Fgeorge-santos-expulsion-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Marcelo2024" class="citation news cs1">Philip Marcelo (August 19, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/george-santos-plea-court-new-york-90741d068fd94090419fc0fd79be30cc">"Former US Rep George Santos pleads guilty to wire fraud and identity theft in his federal case"</a>. apnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+US+Rep+George+Santos+pleads+guilty+to+wire+fraud+and+identity+theft+in+his+federal+case&rft.date=2024-08-19&rft.au=Philip+Marcelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgeorge-santos-plea-court-new-york-90741d068fd94090419fc0fd79be30cc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+American+federal+politicians+convicted+of+crimes" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&oldid=1259006050">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&oldid=1259006050</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:American politicians convicted of crimes">American politicians convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_American_state_and_local_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:Lists of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes">Lists of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:Lists of politicians convicted of crimes">Lists of politicians convicted of crimes</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017">Articles with dead external links from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016">Articles with dead external links from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2020">Use mdy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use American English from July 2020">Use American English from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 21:37 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-psqwl","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.638","walltime":"1.760","ppvisitednodes":{"value":33562,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":309970,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10658,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":571812,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1577.900 1 -total"," 71.77% 1132.525 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.41% 479.877 92 Template:Cite_news"," 19.27% 304.081 51 Template:Cite_web"," 12.29% 193.980 19 Template:Inflation"," 5.66% 89.311 19 Template:Inflation/US"," 5.46% 86.128 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.36% 84.541 38 Template:Inflation/US/dataset"," 3.72% 58.761 2 Template:Pagetype"," 2.54% 40.099 114 Template:Inflation/year"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.849","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7566248,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-znn46","timestamp":"20241122213731","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6561453","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6561453","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-09-01T20:12:29Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T21:37:27Z","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>