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Staaten) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="45th Infantry Division (Vereinigte Staaten)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1_%DB%B4%DB%B5_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="لشکر ۴۵ پیاده (ایالات متحده آمریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لشکر ۴۵ پیاده (ایالات متحده آمریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/45e_division_d%27infanterie_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="45e division d'infanterie (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="45e division d'infanterie (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C45%EB%B3%B4%EB%B3%91%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%A8_(%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD)" title="제45보병사단 (미국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제45보병사단 (미국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States_Army)" title="45th Infantry Division (United States Army) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="45th Infantry Division (United States Army)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94-45_(%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="הדיוויזיה ה-45 (ארצות הברית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדיוויזיה ה-45 (ארצות הברית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/45-%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="45-я пехотная дивизия (США) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="45-я пехотная дивизия (США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/45._pehotna_divizija_(ZDA)" title="45. pehotna divizija (ZDA) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="45. pehotna divizija (ZDA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/45-%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="45-та піхотна дивізія (США) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="45-та піхотна дивізія (США)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E7%AC%AC45%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E5%B8%AB" title="美國陸軍第45步兵師 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國陸軍第45步兵師" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">45th Infantry Division</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_insignia_(thunderbird).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/45th_Infantry_insignia_%28thunderbird%29.svg/150px-45th_Infantry_insignia_%28thunderbird%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/45th_Infantry_insignia_%28thunderbird%29.svg/225px-45th_Infantry_insignia_%28thunderbird%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/45th_Infantry_insignia_%28thunderbird%29.svg/300px-45th_Infantry_insignia_%28thunderbird%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="579" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">45th ID Shoulder Sleeve Insignia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1923 – 1945 1946 – 1968</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Army_National_Guard" title="Oklahoma Army National Guard">Oklahoma Army National Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, Oklahoma">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Thunderbird"<a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Semper Anticus (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: "Always Forward")<a href="#cite_note-TIOH-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Naples-Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>-<a href="/wiki/Arno" title="Arno">Arno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Southern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_advance_from_Paris_to_the_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Central Europe</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>Second Korean Winter</li> <li>Korea, Summer–Fall 1952</li> <li>Third Korean Winter</li> <li>Korea, Summer 1953</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_l._Vanmeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimmy l. Vanmeter (page does not exist)">Jimmy l. Vanmeter</a> <a href="/wiki/William_S._Key" title="William S. Key">William S. Key</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_E._Beach" title="Dwight E. Beach">Dwight E. Beach</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_De_Witt_Ginder" title="Philip De Witt Ginder">Philip De Witt Ginder</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Distinctive unit insignia (1920–46)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:45thDivDUI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/45thDivDUI.png/125px-45thDivDUI.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/45thDivDUI.png/188px-45thDivDUI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/45thDivDUI.png/250px-45thDivDUI.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="833" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Distinctive unit insignia (1946–68)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:45thIBCTDUI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The DUI of the 45th Division is one of only a few that are authorized a mirror image."><img alt="The DUI of the 45th Division is one of only a few that are authorized a mirror image." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/45thIBCTDUI.png/250px-45thIBCTDUI.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/45thIBCTDUI.png/375px-45thIBCTDUI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/45thIBCTDUI.png/500px-45thIBCTDUI.png 2x" data-file-width="2298" data-file-height="1137" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> The 45th Infantry Division was an <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, most associated with the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Army_National_Guard" title="Oklahoma Army National Guard">Oklahoma Army National Guard</a>, from 1920 to 1968. Headquartered for most of its history in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, Oklahoma">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a>, the guardsmen fought in both <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The 45th Infantry Division guardsmen saw no major action until they became one of the first National Guard units activated in World War II in 1941. They took part in intense fighting during the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">invasion of Sicily</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy#Salerno_landings" title="Allied invasion of Italy">attack on Salerno</a> in the 1943 <a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Italian Campaign</a>. Slowly advancing through <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, they <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">fought at Anzio</a> until the capture of Rome. After landing in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a>, they joined the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">drive into Germany</a> that ended the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">War in Europe</a>. After a brief inactivation and subsequent reorganization as a unit restricted to Oklahomans, the division returned to duty in 1951 for the Korean War. It joined the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> troops on the front lines during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Stalemate_(July_1951–July_1953)" title="Korean War">stalemate</a> of the second half of the war, with constant, low-level fighting and <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> against the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">People's Volunteer Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> that produced little gain for either side. The division remained on the front lines in such engagements as <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Old_Baldy_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Old Baldy Hill">Old Baldy Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_Eerie" title="Battle of Hill Eerie">Hill Eerie</a> until the end of the war, returning to the U.S. in 1954. The division remained a National Guard formation until its downsizing in 1968. Several units were activated to replace the division and carry on its lineage. Over the course of its history, the 45th Infantry Division sustained over 25,000 battle casualties, and its men were awarded ten <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medals of Honor</a>, twelve <a href="/wiki/Campaign_streamer" title="Campaign streamer">campaign streamers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)">Croix de Guerre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Presidential_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation">Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> With the <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">American entry into World War I</a>, in April 1917, troops of the National Guard were formed into the units which exist today, with elements of the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Army_National_Guard" title="Colorado Army National Guard">Colorado National Guard</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/157th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="157th Field Artillery Regiment">157th Infantry Regiment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Army_National_Guard" title="Arizona Army National Guard">Arizona National Guard</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/158th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="158th Infantry Regiment (United States)">158th Infantry Regiment</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Army_National_Guard" title="New Mexico Army National Guard">New Mexico National Guard</a> forming the <a href="/w/index.php?title=120th_Engineer_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="120th Engineer Regiment (page does not exist)">120th Engineer Regiment</a>. These units were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/40th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="40th Infantry Division (United States)">40th Division</a>, and deployed to <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">France</a> where the division was used as a "depot" unit to process and provide replacements for front-line units. They returned home at the end of the war, which occurred on <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whit17-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Army_National_Guard" title="Oklahoma Army National Guard">Oklahoma National Guard</a> units that would later become the <a href="/wiki/179th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="179th Infantry Regiment (United States)">179th Infantry Regiment</a> and <a href="/wiki/180th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="180th Cavalry Regiment">180th Infantry Regiment</a> were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Division (United States)">36th Division</a> and would earn a combat participation credit during the <a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a> in France as part of the <a href="/wiki/142nd_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="142nd Infantry Regiment (United States)">142nd Infantry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-war_years">Inter-war years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inter-war years">edit</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:whitesmoke; color:black; width:20em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1939 "Square" Organization<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>Headquarters (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)</li> <li>Headquarters, Special Troops (<a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater, Oklahoma</a>) <ul><li>Headquarters Company, 45th Division (<a href="/wiki/Wetumka,_Oklahoma" title="Wetumka, Oklahoma">Wetumka, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li>45th Military Police Company (<a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Oklahoma" title="Marlow, Oklahoma">Marlow, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li>45th Signal Company (<a href="/wiki/Alva,_Oklahoma" title="Alva, Oklahoma">Alva, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li>120th Ordnance Company (Medium) (<a href="/wiki/Claremore,_Oklahoma" title="Claremore, Oklahoma">Claremore, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li>45th Tank Company (Light) (<a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>89th Infantry Brigade (Denver, Colorado) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/157th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="157th Infantry Regiment (United States)">157th Infantry Regiment</a> (Denver, Colorado)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/158th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="158th Infantry Regiment (United States)">158th Infantry Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="90th Infantry Brigade (United States)">90th Infantry Brigade</a> (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/179th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="179th Infantry Regiment (United States)">179th Infantry Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pawnee,_Oklahoma" title="Pawnee, Oklahoma">Pawnee, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/180th_Cavalry_Squadron_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="180th Cavalry Squadron (United States)">180th Infantry Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muskogee,_Oklahoma" title="Muskogee, Oklahoma">Muskogee, Oklahoma</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>70th Field Artillery Brigade (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) <ul><li>120th Ammunition Train (inactive; allotted to Oklahoma National Guard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/158th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="158th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">158th Field Artillery Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anadarko,_Oklahoma" title="Anadarko, Oklahoma">Anadarko, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/160th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="160th Field Artillery Regiment">160th Field Artillery Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/189th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">189th Field Artillery Regiment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma" title="Enid, Oklahoma">Enid, Oklahoma</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>120th Engineer Regiment (<a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces, New Mexico</a>)</li> <li>120th Medical Regiment (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)</li> <li>120th Quartermaster Regiment (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> On 19 October 1920, units of the Oklahoma National Guard were organized as part of the 45th Infantry Division, also manned with troops from <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath234-6">[6]</a> The division headquarters was federally recognized on 3 August 1923 in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, Oklahoma.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson663-7">[7]</a> It was assigned the 89th Infantry Brigade of the Colorado and Arizona National Guards, and the 90th Infantry Brigade of the Oklahoma National Guard.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath171-8">[8]</a> As a consequence of these militia roots, when the division was properly organized, many of its members were marksmen and outdoorsmen from the remote frontier regions of the Southwestern United States.<a href="#cite_note-Whit11-9">[9]</a> The division's first commander was <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> Baird H. Markham.<a href="#cite_note-Whit18-10">[10]</a> The designated mobilization training center for the 45th Division was <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a>, Oklahoma. From 1922 to 1936, the division’s subordinate units generally held separate summer camps at locations within their respective states: Fort Sill for Oklahoma units; <a href="/wiki/Fort_Tuthill" title="Fort Tuthill">Fort Tuthill</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff,_Arizona" title="Flagstaff, Arizona">Flagstaff</a>, for Arizona units; Camp Maximilliano Luna in <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Miguel County, New Mexico">San Miguel County</a> for New Mexico units; and Camp George West near <a href="/wiki/Golden,_Colorado" title="Golden, Colorado">Golden, Colorado</a>, for Colorado units. For at least 3 years, in 1927, 1932, and 1933, the division’s subordinate units trained over 250 company-grade officers of the <a href="/wiki/95th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="95th Infantry Division (United States)">95th</a> and <a href="/wiki/103rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="103rd Infantry Division (United States)">103rd Divisions</a> at the various state encampment locations. In 1936, the division and brigade staffs participated in the Third Army <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">command post exercise</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sam_Houston" title="Fort Sam Houston">Fort Sam Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bullis" title="Camp Bullis">Camp Bullis</a>, Texas, which was designed to prepare them for the large-scale army maneuvers to be held the summer of 1938. For participation in the Eighth Corps Area concentration of the Third Army Maneuvers in August 1938, the division was split between Camp Bullis (Oklahoma elements), Fort Bliss, Texas (New Mexico and Colorado elements), and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Huachuca" title="Fort Huachuca">Fort Huachuca</a>, Arizona (Arizona elements). During the maneuver at Fort Bliss, the 45th Division (-) operated as part of the provisional Brown Corps with the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Division</a> against the <a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Division (United States)">36th Division</a> and the 56th Cavalry Brigade of the Blue Corps.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_(1924-1939).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A red diamond with a yellow swastika inside it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_%281924-1939%29.svg/150px-Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_%281924-1939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_%281924-1939%29.svg/225px-Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_%281924-1939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_%281924-1939%29.svg/300px-Patch_of_the_45th_Infantry_Division_%281924-1939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Before 1939, the division's symbol was a red square with a yellow <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a>, a tribute to the large Native American population in the southwestern United States.</figcaption></figure>The 45th Infantry Division engaged in regular drills but no major events in its first few years, though the division's Colorado elements were called in to help quell a large coal mining strike.<a href="#cite_note-Whit19-12">[12]</a> The onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s severely curtailed its funding for training and equipment. Major General Roy Hoffman took command in 1931, followed by Alexander M. Tuthill in 1933, Alexander E. McPherren in 1935, and <a href="/wiki/William_S._Key" title="William S. Key">William S. Key</a> in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-Whit18-10">[10]</a> In 1937, the division's troops were once again called up, this time to help manage a <a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a> plague affecting Colorado.<a href="#cite_note-Whit19-12">[12]</a> The division's <a href="/wiki/Western_use_of_the_Swastika_in_the_early_20th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Western use of the Swastika in the early 20th century">original</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_sleeve_insignia" title="Shoulder sleeve insignia">shoulder sleeve insignia</a>, approved in August 1924,<a href="#cite_note-Whit20-13">[13]</a> featured a <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a>, a common Native American symbol, as a tribute to the Southwestern United States region which had a large population of Native Americans. However, with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>, with its infamous swastika symbol, the 45th Division stopped using the insignia.<a href="#cite_note-SY18-14">[14]</a> After a long process of reviewing design submissions, a design by <a href="/wiki/Woody_Big_Bow" title="Woody Big Bow">Woody Big Bow</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a> artist from <a href="/wiki/Carnegie,_Oklahoma" title="Carnegie, Oklahoma">Carnegie, Oklahoma</a>, was chosen for the new shoulder sleeve insignia.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The new insignia featured the <a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a>, another Native American symbol, and was approved in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21-1">[1]</a> In August 1940, the 45th Division again participated in the Third Army maneuvers, this time near the <a href="/wiki/Kisatchie_National_Forest" title="Kisatchie National Forest">Kisatchie National Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> as part of the provisional VIII Corps. This was the first opportunity for all division elements to assemble and operate together since its organization.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> On 16 September 1940, the 45th Infantry Division, under <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> Key, was <a href="/wiki/Federalization_of_the_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalization of the National Guard">federalized</a> from state control.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson663-7">[7]</a> It was one of four National Guard divisions to be federalized on that day, alongside the <a href="/wiki/30th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="30th Infantry Division (United States)">30th</a>, the <a href="/wiki/41st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="41st Infantry Division (United States)">41st</a> and <a href="/wiki/44th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="44th Infantry Division (United States)">44th Infantry Divisions</a>, originally for a one-year period.<a href="#cite_note-Whit6-17">[17]</a> Its men immediately began <a href="/wiki/Basic_combat_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic combat training">basic combat training</a> at Fort Sill.<a href="#cite_note-Whit10-18">[18]</a> In August 1941, the 45th Infantry Division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a>, the largest peacetime exercises in U.S. military history.<a href="#cite_note-Whit5-19">[19]</a> The division was assigned to <a href="/wiki/VIII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VIII Corps (United States)">VIII Corps</a> with the 2nd and 36th Infantry Divisions, camped near Pitkin, Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-Whit9-20">[20]</a> Still operating with outmoded equipment from World War I, the division did not perform well during these exercises, and was criticized by officers who considered it "feeble."<a href="#cite_note-Whit7-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Whit9-20">[20]</a> In spite of these deficiencies, less than one month later, the men's tour of duty was extended for another eighteen months, much to their chagrin, because of concerns of an impending American entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whit5-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Campaigns of the 45th Infantry Division</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sicily"><img alt="Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg/88px-45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg/132px-45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg/176px-45th_Infantry_Division_Sicily_campaign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2420" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sicily</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naples-Foggia."><img alt="Naples-Foggia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg/87px-45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg/131px-45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg/175px-45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Naples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="2404" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Naples-Foggia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rome-Arno"><img alt="Rome-Arno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg/89px-45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg/133px-45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg/177px-45th_Infantry_Division_Rome_campaign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="2443" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rome-Arno</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern France"><img alt="Southern France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg/89px-45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg/134px-45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg/178px-45th_Infantry_Division_Southern_France_campaign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1857" data-file-height="2499" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Southern France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rhineland"><img alt="Rhineland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg/87px-45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg/131px-45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg/175px-45th_Infantry_Division_Rhineland_campaign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="2470" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rhineland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Europe"><img alt="Central Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg/89px-45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg/134px-45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg/179px-45th_Infantry_Division_campaign_Central_Europe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2453" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Central Europe</div> </li> </ul>Throughout 1942, it continued this training at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Barkeley" title="Camp Barkeley">Camp Barkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit2228-22">[22]</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Devens" title="Fort Devens">Fort Devens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, to undergo <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious assault</a> training in preparation for an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Blum-23">[23]</a> It then moved to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Drum" title="Fort Drum">Pine Camp</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> briefly for <a href="/wiki/Arctic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic warfare">winter warfare</a> training, but was hampered by continuously poor weather. In January 1943 it moved to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pickett" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Pickett">Fort Pickett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, for its final training.<a href="#cite_note-Whit29-24">[24]</a> The division, now commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Troy_H._Middleton" title="Troy H. Middleton">Troy H. Middleton</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a> soldier and highly distinguished World War I veteran, moved to the <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Port_of_Embarkation" title="Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation">Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Camp_Patrick_Henry" title="Camp Patrick Henry">Camp Patrick Henry</a> to await combat loading on the transports.<a href="#cite_note-Bykofsky-25">[25]</a> The division's two combat commands, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=89th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="89th Infantry Brigade (United States) (page does not exist)">89th</a> and <a href="/wiki/90th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="90th Infantry Brigade (United States)">90th Infantry Brigades</a>, were inactivated in 1942, as the Army favored smaller and more versatile regimental and battalion-level commands for the new conflict.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath171-8">[8]</a> The 45th Infantry Division was then based around the <a href="/wiki/157th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="157th Field Artillery Regiment">157th</a>, <a href="/wiki/179th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="179th Infantry Regiment (United States)">179th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/180th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="180th Cavalry Regiment">180th Infantry Regiments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac592-26">[26]</a> Also assigned to the division were the <a href="/wiki/158th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="158th Field Artillery Regiment">158th</a>, <a href="/wiki/160th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" title="160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">160th</a>, <a href="/wiki/171st_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="171st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">171st</a>, and <a href="/wiki/189th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">189th Field Artillery Battalions</a>, the 45th Signal Company, the <a href="/wiki/700th_Support_Battalion_(United_States)" title="700th Support Battalion (United States)">700th Ordnance Company</a>, the 45th Quartermaster Company, the 45th Reconnaissance Troop, the 120th Engineer Combat Battalion, and the 120th Medical Battalion.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac592-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sicily">Sicily</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sicily">edit</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:whitesmoke; color:black; width:25em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1942–1945 "Triangular" Organization<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>Headquarters, 45th Infantry Division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/157th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="157th Field Artillery Regiment">157th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/179th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="179th Infantry Regiment (United States)">179th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="180th Cavalry Regiment">180th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 45th Infantry Division Artillery <ul><li><a href="/wiki/158th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="158th Field Artillery Regiment">158th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (105 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/160th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" title="160th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">160th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (105 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/171st_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="171st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">171st Field Artillery Battalion</a> (105 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/189th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="189th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">189th Field Artillery Battalion</a> (155 mm)</li></ul></li> <li>120th Engineer Combat Battalion</li> <li>120th Medical Battalion</li> <li>45th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized)</li> <li>Headquarters, Special Troops, 45th Infantry Division <ul><li>Headquarters Company, 45th Infantry Division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/700th_Support_Battalion_(United_States)" title="700th Support Battalion (United States)">700th Ordnance Light Maintenance Company</a></li> <li>45th Quartermaster Company</li> <li>45th Signal Company</li> <li>Military Police Platoon</li> <li>Band</li></ul></li> <li>45th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg/170px-45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg/255px-45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg/340px-45th_Infantry_Division_en_route_to_Sicily_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Troops of the 45th Infantry Division in a transport bound for Sicily, June 1943.</figcaption></figure> The 45th Division sailed from the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation for the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Theater_of_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Theater of Operations">Mediterranean</a> region on 8 June 1943, <a href="/wiki/Combat_loading" title="Combat loading">combat loaded</a> aboard thirteen attack transports and five cargo attack vessels as convoy UGF-9 headed by the communications ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Ancon_(AGC-4)" title="USS Ancon (AGC-4)">USS Ancon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Blum-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bykofsky-25">[25]</a> By the time the 45th Division landed in North Africa on 22 June 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> had largely secured the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">African theater</a>. As a result, the division was not sent into combat upon arrival and instead commenced training at <a href="/wiki/Arzew" title="Arzew">Arzew</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">French Morocco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Almanac544-28">[28]</a> in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">invasion of Sicily</a>. Allied intelligence estimated that the island was defended by approximately 230,000 troops, the majority of which were drawn mostly from weak Italian formations and two German divisions which had been reconstituted after being destroyed earlier. Against this, the Allies planned to land 180,000 troops,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> including the 45th Infantry Division, which was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(United_States)" title="II Corps (United States)">II Corps</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">U.S. Seventh Army</a> under Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>, for the operation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The division was subsequently assigned a lead role in the <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious assault</a> on <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a>, coming ashore on 10 July.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Landing near <a href="/wiki/Scoglitti" title="Scoglitti">Scoglitti</a>, the southernmost U.S. objective on the island, the division advanced north on the U.S. force's eastern flank.<a href="#cite_note-Collier22-33">[33]</a> After initially encountering resistance from armor of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Fallschirm-Panzer_Division_Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring">Hermann Goering Division</a>, the division advanced, supported by <a href="/wiki/Paratrooper" title="Paratrooper">paratroopers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/505th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="505th Infantry Regiment (United States)">505th Parachute Regimental Combat Team</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a>, who landed inland on 11 July.<a href="#cite_note-Muir,_p._184-34">[34]</a> The paratroopers, conducting their first combat jump of the war after six weeks of training in <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a>, then set up to protect the 45th's flank against German counterattack, but without weapons to counter heavy armor, the paratroopers had to rely on support from the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd Armored Division</a> to repulse the German <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I tanks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Muir,_p._184-34">[34]</a> As the division advanced towards its main objective to capture the airfields at <a href="/wiki/Acate" title="Acate">Biscari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comiso" title="Comiso">Comiso</a>, German forces were pushed back.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> For most of the first two weeks while the division moved slowly north, it encountered only light resistance from Italian forces fighting delaying actions.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Italian and German forces resisted fiercely at Motta Hill on 26 July, however, and for four days the 45th Division was held up there.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> After this, the division was allocated to drive towards <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, being ordered by the Seventh Army commander to cover the distance as quickly as possible.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The 45th Division spent a few days in that city, but on 1 August, the division was withdrawn from the front line for rest and rear-guard patrol duty,<a href="#cite_note-Almanac544-28">[28]</a> after which the division was assigned to Major General <a href="/wiki/Ernest_J._Dawley" title="Ernest J. Dawley">Ernest J. Dawley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/VI_Corps_(United_States)" title="VI Corps (United States)">VI Corps</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_North" title="United States Army North">U.S. Fifth Army</a>, under Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">Mark W. Clark</a>, in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">invasion of mainland Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pim140-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salerno">Salerno</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Salerno">edit</a>]</div> On 3 September 1943, <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Italy surrendered to the Allied powers</a>. Hoping to occupy as much of the country as possible before the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German Army</a> could react, the U.S. Fifth Army prepared to <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy#Salerno_landings" title="Allied invasion of Italy">attack Salerno</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> On 10 September, elements of the division conducted its second landing at Agropoli and Paestum with the <a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Division (United States)">36th Infantry Division</a>, on the southernmost beaches of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-Pim140-39">[39]</a> Opposing them were elements of the German <a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Infantry Division (Germany)">29th Panzergrenadier Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/XVI_Panzer_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="XVI Panzer Corps">XVI Panzer Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pim140-39">[39]</a> Against stiff resistance, the 45th pushed to the <a href="/wiki/Calore_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Calore River">Calore River</a> after a week of <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy#Salerno_landings" title="Allied invasion of Italy">heavy fighting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The Fifth Army was battered and pushed back by German forces until 20 September, when Allied forces were finally able to break out and establish a more secure <a href="/wiki/Beachhead" title="Beachhead">beachhead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pim140-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On 3 November it crossed the <a href="/wiki/Volturno_Line" title="Volturno Line">Volturno River</a> and took <a href="/wiki/Venafro" title="Venafro">Venafro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The division had great difficulty moving across the rivers and through the mountainous terrain, and the advance was slow. After linking up with the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Eighth Army (United Kingdom)">British Eighth Army</a>, which had advanced from the south, the combined force, under the <a href="/wiki/15th_Army_Group" title="15th Army Group">15th Army Group</a>, commanded by British <a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis">Sir Harold Alexander</a>, was stalled when it reached the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Line" title="Winter Line">Gustav Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Until 9 January 1944, the division, now under Major General <a href="/wiki/William_W._Eagles" title="William W. Eagles">William W. Eagles</a> (replacing Major General Middleton who struck down with <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>, was sent to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> to command <a href="/wiki/VIII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VIII Corps (United States)">VIII Corps</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy invasion</a>), inched forward into the mountains reaching St. Elia, north of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>, before moving to a rest area.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anzio">Anzio</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anzio">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaplain01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Chaplain01.jpg/220px-Chaplain01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Chaplain01.jpg/330px-Chaplain01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Chaplain01.jpg/440px-Chaplain01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption>Chaplain Lieutenant Colonel William King leads troops of the 45th in Christmas Day services in Italy, 25 December 1943.</figcaption></figure> Allied forces conducted a frontal assault on the Gustav Line stronghold at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>, and VI Corps, under Major General <a href="/wiki/John_P._Lucas" title="John P. Lucas">John P. Lucas</a> from 20 September, was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shingle" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shingle">Operation Shingle</a>, detached from the 15th Army Group to land behind enemy lines at <a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio</a> on 22 January 1944.<a href="#cite_note-Pim142-44">[44]</a> For this mission, CCA (<a href="/wiki/Combat_command" title="Combat command">Combat Command A</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a> was attached to the 45th Infantry Division.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Landing on schedule, VI Corps surprised the Germans, but Major General Lucas's decision to consolidate the beachhead instead of attacking gave the Germans time to bring the <a href="/wiki/LXXVI_Panzer_Corps" title="LXXVI Panzer Corps">LXXVI Panzer Corps</a> forward to oppose the landings.<a href="#cite_note-Pim142-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> One regiment of the 45th (the <a href="/wiki/179th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="179th Infantry Regiment (United States)">179th Infantry</a>) went ashore with the landings. In company with the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_1st_Division_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British 1st Division during the World Wars">British 1st Infantry Division</a>, they advanced north along the Anzio-Albano road and captured the Aprilia "factory", but encountered ingrained resistance from German armored units a few miles further on. Lucas then ordered the rest of the division ashore. The 45th Division was deployed on the southeastern side of the beachhead, along <a href="/wiki/Pontine_Marshes#Bonifica_integrale" title="Pontine Marshes">the lower Mussolini Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CMH-Anzio-47">[47]</a> On 30 January 1944, when VI Corps advanced from the beaches, it encountered heavy resistance and took heavy casualties.<a href="#cite_note-Pim142-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> VI Corps was stopped at the "Pimlott Line" (the perimeter of the beachhead), and the fight became a <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">battle of attrition</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg/220px-45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg/330px-45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg/440px-45th_Infantry_Division_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1397" /></a><figcaption>A monument in <a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> commemorating the 45th Infantry Division's time in Texas as it trained at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Barkeley" title="Camp Barkeley">Camp Barkeley</a> in <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>.</figcaption></figure> The first major German counterattack came in early February and was against the British 1st Division. Two regiments of the 45th (the 179th and <a href="/wiki/157th_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="157th Field Artillery Regiment">157th Infantry</a>) were sent to the Aprilia sector to reinforce the British. The 179th Infantry and a tank battalion of CCA tried to recapture Aprilia but were repulsed. Lucas then moved the rest of the 45th Division to the left-center of the perimeter, at Aprilia and along the west branch of the Mussolini Canal.<a href="#cite_note-CMH-Anzio-47">[47]</a> For the next few months the 45th Infantry Division was mostly stuck in place, holding its ground during repeated German counterattacks, and subjected to bombardment from aircraft and artillery.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> On 16 February, a major German attack struck the 45th and nearly broke through the 179th Infantry on 18 February. Lucas sent famed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">U.S. Army Ranger</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Darby" title="William Orlando Darby">William Orlando Darby</a> to assume command of the 157th Infantry, and the Germans were repulsed.<a href="#cite_note-CMH-Anzio-47">[47]</a> The next three months were spent on the defensive, with the 45th engaged in <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>, alike to that in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. On 23 May, VI Corps, now commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Truscott" title="Lucian Truscott">Lucian Truscott</a>, went on the offensive, breaking out of the beachhead to the northeast, with the 45th Division forming the left half of the attack. By 31 May, the German defenses were shattered, and the 45th Division turned northwest, toward the Alban Hills and Rome.<a href="#cite_note-CMH-ROME-ARNO-49">[49]</a> On 4 June the 45th Division crossed the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber River</a> below <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and entered the city along with other VI Corps troops.<a href="#cite_note-Collier60-50">[50]</a> Men of the 45th Division were the first Allied troops to reach <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">the Vatican</a>. On 16 June, the 45th Division withdrew for rest in preparation for other operations.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> At this time, VI Corps was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">Seventh Army</a>, under Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Patch" title="Alexander Patch">Alexander Patch</a>, itself part of the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_United_States_Army_Group" title="Sixth United States Army Group">Sixth United States Army Group</a> under Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Jacob_L._Devers" title="Jacob L. Devers">Jacob L. Devers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Order184-51">[51]</a> The 45th, 36th, and <a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Infantry Division (United States)">3rd Infantry Divisions</a> were pulled from the line in Italy in preparation for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a> (formerly Anvil), the invasion of southern France. Dragoon was originally planned to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> in the north, but was delayed until August because of a shortage of landing craft.<a href="#cite_note-Pim166-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France_and_Germany">France and Germany</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: France and Germany">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tactical map of Operation Dragoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg/220px-Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg/330px-Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg/440px-Operation_Dragoon_-_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption>A map of southern France with the 45th Infantry Division landing at the center of a large invasion force.</figcaption></figure> The 45th Infantry Division participated in its fourth amphibious assault landing during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a> on 15 August 1944, at <a href="/wiki/St._Maxime" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Maxime">St. Maxime</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The 45th Infantry Division landed its 157th and 180th <a href="/wiki/Regimental_combat_team" title="Regimental combat team">regimental combat teams</a> and captured the heights of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaines_de_Mar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaines de Mar (page does not exist)">Chaines de Mar</a> before meeting with the <a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">1st Special Service Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SY29-53">[53]</a> The <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German Army</a>, reeling from the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Battle of Normandy</a>, in which it had suffered a major defeat, pulled back after a short fight, part of an overall German withdrawal to the east following the landings.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-SY30-55">[55]</a> Soldiers of the 45th Infantry Division engaged the dispersed forces of German <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a>, suffering very few casualties.<a href="#cite_note-Collier60-50">[50]</a> The U.S. Seventh Army, along with <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free French</a> forces, were able to advance north quickly. By 12 September, the Seventh Army linked up with Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">U.S. Third Army</a>, advancing from <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, joining the two forces at <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pim166-52">[52]</a> Against slight opposition, it spearheaded the drive for the <a href="/wiki/Belfort_Gap" title="Belfort Gap">Belfort Gap</a>. The 45th Infantry Division took the strongly defended city of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Epinal</a> on 24 September.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The division was then reassigned to <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a>, under the command of Major General <a href="/wiki/Leonard_T._Gerow" title="Leonard T. Gerow">Leonard T. Gerow</a>, for its next advance.<a href="#cite_note-Order184-51">[51]</a> On 30 September the division crossed the <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle River</a> and entered the western foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a>, taking <a href="/wiki/Rambervillers" title="Rambervillers">Rambervillers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> It would remain in the area for a month waiting for other units to catch up before crossing the <a href="/wiki/Mortagne_(river)" title="Mortagne (river)">Mortagne River</a> on 23 October.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The division remained on the line with the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Sixth_United_States_Army_Group" title="Sixth United States Army Group">6th Army Group</a> the southernmost of three army groups advancing through France.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> After the crossing was complete, the division was relieved from V Corps and assigned to Major General <a href="/wiki/Wade_H._Haislip" title="Wade H. Haislip">Wade H. Haislip</a>'s <a href="/wiki/XV_Corps_(United_States)" title="XV Corps (United States)">XV Corps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Order184-51">[51]</a> The division was allowed a one-month rest, resuming its advance on 25 November, attacking the forts north of <a href="/wiki/Mutzig" title="Mutzig">Mutzig</a>. These forts had been designed by <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm II">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> in 1893 to block access to the plain of <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. The 45th Division next crossed the Zintzel River before pushing through the <a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a> defenses.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> During this time much of the division's artillery assets were attached to the <a href="/wiki/44th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="44th Infantry Division (United States)">44th Infantry Division</a> to provide additional support.<a href="#cite_note-Order183-57">[57]</a> The 45th Infantry Division, now commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Frederick" title="Robert T. Frederick">Robert T. Frederick</a>, who had previously commanded the 1st Special Service Force, was reassigned to VI Corps on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Order184-51">[51]</a> From 2 January 1945, the division fought defensively along the German border, withdrawing to the <a href="/wiki/Moder_(river)" title="Moder (river)">Moder River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> It sent half of its artillery to support the <a href="/wiki/70th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="70th Infantry Division (United States)">70th Infantry Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Order183-57">[57]</a> On 17 February the division was pulled off the line for rest and training. Once this rest period was complete, the division was assigned to XV Corps for the final push into German territory.<a href="#cite_note-Order184-51">[51]</a> The 45th moved north to the <a href="/wiki/Sarreguemines" title="Sarreguemines">Sarreguemines</a> area and smashed through the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a>, on 17 March taking Homburg on the 21st and crossing the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> between Worms and Hamm on the 26th.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The advance continued, with <a href="/wiki/Aschaffenburg" title="Aschaffenburg">Aschaffenburg</a> falling on 3 April, and <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> on the 20th.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The division crossed the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube River</a> on 27 April, and liberated 32,000 captives of the <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camp</a> on 29 April 1945.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The division captured <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> during the next two days, occupying the city until <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">V-E Day</a> and the surrender of Germany.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> During the next month, the division remained in Munich and set up collection points and camps for the massive numbers of surrendering troops of the German armies. The number of POWs taken by the 45th Division during its almost two years of fighting totalled 124,840 men.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac545-41">[41]</a> The division was then slated to move to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific theater of operations</a> to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall">invasion of mainland Japan</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, but these plans were scrubbed before the division could depart after the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day" title="Victory over Japan Day">V-J Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:whitesmoke; color:black; width:20em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> World War II Casualties <ul><li>Total battle casualties: 20,993<a href="#cite_note-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Killed in action: 3,547<a href="#cite_note-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Wounded in action: 14,441<a href="#cite_note-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Missing in action: 478<a href="#cite_note-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953-60">[60]</a></li> <li>Prisoner of war: 2,527<a href="#cite_note-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953-60">[60]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegations_of_war_crimes">Allegations of war crimes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Allegations of war crimes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Biscari_massacre" title="Biscari massacre">Biscari massacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dachau_liberation_reprisals" title="Dachau liberation reprisals">Dachau liberation reprisals</a></div> During and after the war, <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">courts-martial</a> were convened to investigate possible <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> by members of the division. In the first two cases, dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Biscari_massacre" title="Biscari massacre">Biscari massacre</a>, occurred on 14 July 1943, American troops from C Company, 180th Infantry Regiment, were alleged to have shot 74 Italian and two German prisoners in <a href="/wiki/Acate" title="Acate">Acate</a> following the capture of an airfield in the area. <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George Patton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">Seventh Army</a> commanding general, asked <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(United_States)" title="II Corps (United States)">II Corps</a> commanding general, to get the cases dismissed to prevent bad press, but Bradley refused. A non-commissioned officer, Sergeant Horace T. West, 33 years old, later confessed to the crimes in the first incident and was found guilty. On the second incident, Captain John T. Compton ordered Italian soldiers to be lined up and shot; the officer claimed he had only been following orders and was acquitted.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Whit389-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg/220px-Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg/330px-Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg/440px-Killed_SS_Cammo_Dachau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Dead German troops at <a href="/wiki/Dachau_Concentration_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachau Concentration Camp">Dachau Concentration Camp</a>, allegedly killed in the <a href="/wiki/Dachau_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachau massacre">Dachau massacre</a> in 1945.</figcaption></figure> In a third incident, the Army considered court-martialling several officers of the 157th Infantry Regiment under <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Felix_L._Sparks" title="Felix L. Sparks">Felix L. Sparks</a> after servicemen were accused of massacring German soldiers who were surrendering at the Dachau <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a> in 1945. Some of the German troops were camp guards; the others were sick and wounded troops from a nearby hospital. The soldiers of the 45th Division who liberated the camp were outraged at the malnourishment and maltreatment of the 32,000 prisoners they liberated, some barely alive, and all victims of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. After entering the camp, the soldiers found boxcars filled with dead bodies of prisoners who had succumbed to starvation or last-minute executions, and in rooms adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Gas_chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas chambers">gas chambers</a> they found naked bodies piled from the floor to the ceiling.<a href="#cite_note-Whit360–364-64">[64]</a> The cremation ovens, which were still in operation when the soldiers arrived, contained bodies and skeletons as well. Some of the victims apparently had died only hours before the 45th Division entered the camp, while many others lay where they had died in states of decomposition that overwhelmed the soldiers' senses.<a href="#cite_note-Whit359-65">[65]</a> Accounts conflict over what happened and over how many German troops were killed. After investigating the incident, the Army considered court-martialling several officers involved, but Patton successfully intervened. The Seventh Army was being disbanded and Patton had been appointed Military Governor of Bavaria, placing the matter in his hands.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Some veterans of the 45th Infantry Division have said that only 30 to 50 German soldiers were killed and that very few were killed trying to surrender, while others have admitted to killing or refusing to treat wounded German guards.<a href="#cite_note-Whit365-67">[67]</a> Confessed murderer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sheeran" title="Frank Sheeran">Frank Sheeran</a> later recalled his war service with the 45th as the time when he first developed a callousness to the taking of human life. Sheeran claimed to have participated in numerous massacres and <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary executions</a> of German POWs, acts which violated the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Prisoners_of_War_(1929)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)">1929 Geneva Convention on POWs</a>. In later interviews with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brandt" title="Charles Brandt">Charles Brandt</a>, he divided such massacres into four categories: <ul><li>Revenge killings in the heat of battle. Sheeran told Brandt that, when a German soldier had just killed his close friends and then tried to surrender, he would often "send him to hell, too". He described often witnessing similar behavior by fellow <a href="/wiki/GI_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="GI (military)">GIs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brandt_2004,_page_50-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Orders from unit commanders during a mission. When describing his first murder for organized crime, Sheeran recalled: "It was just like when an officer would tell you to take a couple of German prisoners back behind the line and for you to 'hurry back'. You did what you had to do."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>The Dachau massacre and other reprisal killings of concentration camp guards and trustee inmates.<a href="#cite_note-Brandt_2004,_page_52-70">[70]</a></li> <li>Calculated attempts to dehumanize and degrade German POWs. While Sheeran's unit was climbing the Harz Mountains, they came upon a Wehrmacht mule train carrying food and drink up the mountainside. The female cooks were first allowed to leave unmolested, then Sheeran and his fellow GIs "ate what we wanted and soiled the rest with our waste". Then the Wehrmacht mule drivers were given shovels and ordered to "dig their own shallow graves". Sheeran later joked that they did so without complaint, likely hoping that he and his buddies would change their minds. But the mule drivers were shot and buried in the holes they had dug. Sheeran explained that by then, he "had no hesitation in doing what I had to do."<a href="#cite_note-Brandt_2004,_page_51-71">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_war">After the war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After the war">edit</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:whitesmoke; color:black; width:21em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Callsigns of the 45th Division<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>45TH DIV..............POWER</li> <li>45TH DIV ARTY...PARASOL</li> <li>189TH FA BN.......PARK</li> <li>160TH FA BN.......PATIENCE</li> <li>158TH FA BN.......POLISH</li> <li>171ST FA BN.......POST</li> <li>157TH INF RGT...POISON (WWII)</li> <li>179TH INF RGT...PAGAN</li> <li>180TH INF RGT...PASSPORT</li> <li>279TH INF RGT...POISON (KOREA)</li></ul> Battalions of the Infantry Regiments <ul><li>1st INF BN............RED</li> <li>2nd INF BN...........WHITE</li> <li>3rd INF BN............BLUE</li></ul> Regimental Tanks and Mortars <ul><li>TANK CO.............GREEN</li> <li>MORTAR CO........BROWN</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> During World War II, the 45th Division fought in 511 days of combat.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac544-28">[28]</a> Nine soldiers were awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> during their service with the 45th Infantry Division: <a href="/wiki/Van_T._Barfoot" title="Van T. Barfoot">Van T. Barfoot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit292-74">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Childers" title="Ernest Childers">Ernest Childers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit103-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Almond_E._Fisher" title="Almond E. Fisher">Almond E. Fisher</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit323-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_J._Johnston" title="William J. Johnston">William J. Johnston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit229-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_J._Lara" title="Salvador J. Lara">Salvador J. Lara</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_C._Montgomery" title="Jack C. Montgomery">Jack C. Montgomery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit245-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_D._Slaton" title="James D. Slaton">James D. Slaton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit103-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Treadwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Treadwell">Jack Treadwell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Whit343-80">[80]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Wilkin" title="Edward G. Wilkin">Edward G. Wilkin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whit345-81">[81]</a> Soldiers of the division also received 61 <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Crosses</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medals</a>, 1,848 <a href="/wiki/Silver_Star_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Star Medal">Silver Star Medals</a>, 38 <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> medals, 59 <a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Soldier's Medal">Soldier's Medals</a>, 5,744 <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medals</a>, and 52 <a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medals</a>. The division received seven <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_unit_citations" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished unit citations">distinguished unit citations</a> and eight <a href="/wiki/Campaign_streamer" title="Campaign streamer">campaign streamers</a> during the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac544-28">[28]</a> Most of the division returned to New York in September 1945, and from there went to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bowie,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Bowie, Texas">Camp Bowie</a>, Texas. On 7 December 1945, the division was inactivated from the active duty force and its members reassigned to other Army units. The following year, on 10 September 1946, the 45th Infantry Division was reconstituted as a National Guard unit.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson665-82">[82]</a> Instead of comprising units from several states, the post-war 45th was an all-Oklahoma organization.<a href="#cite_note-Don25-83">[83]</a> During this time the division was also reorganized and as a part of this process the 157th Infantry was removed from the division's order of battle and replaced with the <a href="/wiki/279th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="279th Infantry Regiment (United States)">279th Infantry Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Don230-84">[84]</a> During this time, the U.S. Army underwent a drastic reduction in size. At the end of World War II, it contained 89 divisions, but by 1950, there were just 10 active divisions in the force, along with a few reserve divisions such as the 45th Infantry Division which were combat-ineffective.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The division retained many of its best officers as senior commanders as the force downsized, and it enjoyed a good relationship with its community. The 45th in this time was regarded as one of the better-trained National Guard divisions.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Regardless, by mid-1950 the division had only 8,413 troops, less than 45 percent<a href="#cite_note-87">[n 1]</a> of its full-strength authorization.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Only 10 percent of the division's officers and five percent of its enlisted men had combat experience with the division from World War II.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Korean War">edit</a>]</div> At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> in June 1950, the U.S. Army looked to expand its force again to prepare for major conflict. After the <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean People's Army">North Korean People's Army</a> invaded the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a>, four understrength U.S. divisions on occupation duty in Japan were rushed to South Korea to stand alongside the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army">Republic of Korea Army</a>. These were the <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th Infantry Division</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st Cavalry Division</a>, the <a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Division (United States)">24th Infantry Division</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division</a>, which were all under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighth United States Army">Eighth United States Army</a>. Due to drastic reductions in U.S. military spending following the end of World War II, these divisions were equipped with worn-out or obsolete weaponry and suffered from a shortage of anti-armor weapons capable of penetrating the hulls of the <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> tanks.<a href="#cite_note-Stewart222-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reinforcement_pool">Reinforcement pool</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reinforcement pool">edit</a>]</div> Initially, the division was used to provide a pool of reinforcements for the divisions which had been sent to the Korean War theater, and in January 1951 it provided 650 enlisted fillers for overseas service. Later that month, it was given 4,006 new recruits for its three infantry regiments and artillery assets, and each unit created a 14-week training program to prepare these new soldiers for combat.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Because of heavy casualties and slow reinforcement rates, the Army looked to the National Guard to provide additional units to relieve the beleaguered Eighth Army. At the time, the 45th Infantry Division was comprised overwhelmingly of <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> students or recent graduates and only about 60 percent of its divisional troops had conducted training and drills with the division for a year or more. Additionally, only about 20 percent of its personnel had prior experience of military service from World War II.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Nevertheless, the division was one of four National Guard divisions identified as being among the most prepared for combat based on the effectiveness of its equipment, training, and leadership.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> As a result, in February 1951, the 45th Infantry Division was alerted that it would sail for Japan.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> In preparation for the deployment, the division was sent to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Polk" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Polk">Fort Polk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, to begin training and to fill its ranks.<a href="#cite_note-Var101-96">[95]</a> After its basic training was complete, the division was sent to Japan in April 1951 for advanced training and to act as a reserve force for the Eighth United States Army, then fighting in Korea.<a href="#cite_note-Var102-97">[96]</a> The involvement of the National Guard in the fighting in Korea was further expanded when the <a href="/wiki/40th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="40th Infantry Division (United States)">40th Infantry Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/California_Army_National_Guard" title="California Army National Guard">California Army National Guard</a> received warning orders for deployment as well.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Initial_struggles">Initial struggles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Initial struggles">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea,_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man in military uniform constructs a net in a hilly outdoor environment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea%2C_1952.jpg/220px-120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea%2C_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea%2C_1952.jpg/330px-120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea%2C_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea%2C_1952.jpg/440px-120th_Engineer_Battalion_soldier_in_Korea%2C_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2343" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>A soldier of the 120th Engineer Battalion, 45th Infantry Division sets up camouflage net near the front lines in Korea in 1952.</figcaption></figure> On 1 September 1950,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1999664-99">[98]</a> the 45th Infantry Division was activated as the first National Guard division to be deployed to the Far East theater since World War II.<a href="#cite_note-Var101-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Nevertheless, it was not deployed to Korea until December 1951, when its advanced training was complete.<a href="#cite_note-Var102-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> When it arrived in Korea, only half the division's manpower were National Guard troops. Though the 45th remained de facto <a href="/wiki/Segregation_in_the_United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregation in the United States military">segregated</a> as an all-white unit in 1950, individual unit commanders went to great lengths to integrate reinforcements from different areas and ethnicities into their units.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> By 1952, it was fully integrated.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Following its arrival, the division moved to the front line to replace the 1st Cavalry Division, which was then delegated to the Far East reserve, having suffered over 16,000 casualties in less than 18 months of fighting.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> Additionally, in an effort to reduce the burden on the National Guard,<a href="#cite_note-105">[n 2]</a> the term of service for National Guardsmen in Korea was initially set at 21, and later 24 months; over 4,500 guardsmen left between May and July 1952, continually replaced by more active-duty troops and draftees, including an increasing number of African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> In August 1952, Congress approved a law authorizing the organization of "National Guard of the United States" (NGUS) units in states whose National Guard units were in federal service, which would bear the same designations as those on active duty. Before the establishment of the 45th Infantry Division (NGUS) on 15 September 1952, the returning Oklahoma guardsmen were either separated from the service if their Guard enlistments had expired, or remained in inactive reserve status. As a result of this effort, two 45th Infantry Division units existed between 1952 and 1954; the National Guard 45th Infantry Division in Korea, and the 45th Infantry Division (NGUS) in Oklahoma.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> By the time the division was in place, the battle lines on both sides had <a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Stalemate_(July_1951–July_1953)" title="Korean War">largely solidified</a>, leaving the 45th Infantry Division in a stationary position as it conducted attacks and counterattacks for the same ground.<a href="#cite_note-Var24-109">[107]</a> The division was put under the command of the Eighth Army's <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(United_States)" title="I Corps (United States)">I Corps</a> for most of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> It was deployed around <a href="/wiki/Chorwon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorwon">Chorwon</a> and assigned to protect the key routes from that area into <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>. The terrain was difficult and the weather was poor in the region.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> The division suffered its first casualty on 11 December 1951.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Initially, the division did not fare well, though it improved quickly.<a href="#cite_note-Var102-97">[96]</a> Its anti-aircraft and armor assets were used as mobile artillery, which continuously pounded Chinese positions. The 45th, in turn, was under constant artillery and mortar attack.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> It also conducted constant small-unit patrols along the border seeking to engage Chinese outposts or patrols. These small-unit actions made up the majority of the division's combat in Korea.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Chinese troops were well dug-in and better trained than the troops of the inexperienced 45th, and it suffered casualties and frequently had to disengage when it was attacked.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> In the division's first few months on the line, Chinese forces conducted three raids in its sector. In retaliation, the 245th Tank Battalion sent nine tanks to raid Agok.<a href="#cite_note-Var24-109">[107]</a> Two <a href="/wiki/Company_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Company (military)">companies</a> of Chinese forces ambushed and devastated a patrol from the 179th Infantry a short time later.<a href="#cite_note-Var24-109">[107]</a> In the spring, the division launched Operation Counter, which was an effort to establish 11 patrol bases around <a href="/wiki/Old_Baldy_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Baldy Hill">Old Baldy Hill</a>. The division then defended the hill against a series of Chinese assaults from the <a href="/wiki/38th_Army_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Army (People's Republic of China)">Chinese 38th Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Var24-109">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Final_engagements_and_the_end_of_the_war">Final engagements and the end of the war</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Final engagements and the end of the war">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Baldy_Area.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A topographic map showing a series of hills surrounded by defensive perimeters." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Old_Baldy_Area.gif/220px-Old_Baldy_Area.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Old_Baldy_Area.gif/330px-Old_Baldy_Area.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Old_Baldy_Area.gif/440px-Old_Baldy_Area.gif 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Map of the area surrounding Old Baldy Hill, which the division defended for much of its tour in Korea.</figcaption></figure> The 45th Infantry Division, along with the 7th Infantry Division, fought off repeated Chinese attacks all along the front line throughout 1952, and Chinese forces frequently attacked Old Baldy Hill into the fall of that year.<a href="#cite_note-Var25-116">[114]</a> Around that time, the 45th Infantry Division relinquished command of Old Baldy Hill to the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>. Almost immediately the Chinese launched a concentrated attack on the hill, overrunning the U.S. forces.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Heavy rainstorms prevented the divisions from retaking the hill for around a month, and when it was finally retaken it was heavily fortified to prevent further attacks.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The 245th Tank Battalion was sent to assault Chinese positions throughout late 1952, but most of the division held a stationary defensive line against the Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-Var25-116">[114]</a> In early 1953, North Korean forces launched a large-scale attack against Hill 812, which was then under the control of K Company, 3rd Battalion, 179th Infantry.<a href="#cite_note-Var28-119">[117]</a> The ensuing <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_Eerie" title="Battle of Hill Eerie">Battle of Hill Eerie</a> was one of a series of larger attacks by Chinese and North Korean forces which produced heavier fighting than the previous year had seen. These offensives were conducted largely in order to secure a better position during the ongoing truce negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-Var28-119">[117]</a> Chinese forces continued to mount concentrated attacks on the lines of the UN forces, including the 45th Infantry Division, but the division managed to hold most of its ground, remaining stationary until the end of the war in the summer of 1953.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> During the Korean War, the 45th Infantry Division suffered 4,004 casualties, consisting of 834 killed in action and 3,170 wounded in action.<a href="#cite_note-Var102-97">[96]</a> The division was awarded four campaign streamers and one Presidential Unit Citation.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> One soldier from the division, <a href="/wiki/Charles_George" title="Charles George">Charles George</a>, was awarded the Medal of Honor while serving in Korea.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Korea">After Korea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: After Korea">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stadium full of soldiers sits behind a podium of commanders in military uniform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg/220px-45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg/330px-45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg/440px-45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team_farewell_ceremony_Feb_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Brigade_Combat_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team">45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team</a>, the successor organization to the 45th Infantry Division, hold a ceremony ahead of a deployment to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> in February 2011.</figcaption></figure> The division briefly patrolled the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a> following the signing of the armistice ending the war, but most of its men returned home and reverted to National Guard status on 30 April 1954.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson665-82">[82]</a> Its colors were returned to Oklahoma on 25 September of that year, formally ending the division's presence in Korea.<a href="#cite_note-Don122-123">[121]</a> The division remained as a unit of the Oklahoma National Guard and participated in no major actions throughout the rest of the 1950s save regular weekend and summer training exercises. In 1963, the formation was reorganized in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Objective_Army_Divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Objective Army Divisions">Reorganization Objective Army Divisions</a> plan, which saw the establishment of a 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigade within the division. These brigades would see no major deployments or events and were inactivated five years later in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> That same year, due to the perceived lack of need for so many large formations in the Army National Guard, the 45th Infantry Division was inactivated, as part of a larger move to reduce the number of Army National Guard divisions from 15 to eight, while increasing the number of separate brigades from seven to 18.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> In its place, the independent <a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Infantry Brigade (United States)">45th Infantry Brigade (Separate)</a> was established.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson665-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> The 45th Infantry Brigade received all of the 45th Division's lineage and heraldry, including its shoulder sleeve insignia.<a href="#cite_note-TIOH-2">[2]</a> Also activated from division assets were the <a href="/wiki/45th_Fires_Brigade_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Fires Brigade (United States)">45th Field Artillery Group</a>, later redesignated the 45th Fires Brigade, and the <a href="/wiki/90th_Troop_Command" title="90th Troop Command">90th Troop Command</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Honors">edit</a>]</div> The 45th Infantry Division was awarded eight campaign streamers and one foreign unit award in World War II and four campaign streamers and one foreign unit award in the Korean War, for a total of twelve campaign streamers and two foreign unit decorations in its operational history.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson663-7">[7]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Streamer </th> <th>Conflict </th> <th>Inscription </th> <th>Year(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A red ribbon with four vertical dark green stripes in the center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png/200px-Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png/300px-Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png/400px-Streamer_FCDG_WWII.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France)">French Croix de Guerre</a>, World War II (With Palm) </td> <td>Embroidered "<a href="/wiki/Acquafondata" title="Acquafondata">Acquafondata</a>" </td> <td>1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/File:European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png/200px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png/300px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png/400px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal_streamer.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal">European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Streamer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrowhead (device)">Arrowhead</a>) </td> <td>1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a> (with Arrowhead) </td> <td>1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio</a> (with Arrowhead) </td> <td>1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rome–<a href="/wiki/Arno" title="Arno">Arno</a> </td> <td>1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">Southern France</a> (with Arrowhead) </td> <td>1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> </td> <td>1944–45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central Europe </td> <td>1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Streamer_KPUC.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white ribbon with vertical green and red stripes on its edges and a red and blue circle in the middle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Streamer_KPUC.PNG/200px-Streamer_KPUC.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Streamer_KPUC.PNG/300px-Streamer_KPUC.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Streamer_KPUC.PNG/400px-Streamer_KPUC.PNG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Presidential_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation">Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation</a> </td> <td>For service in Korea </td> <td>1952–53 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png/200px-Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png/300px-Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png/400px-Korean_Service_Medal_-_Streamer.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Service_Medal" title="Korean Service Medal">Korean Service Campaign Streamer</a> </td> <td>Second Korean Winter </td> <td>1951–52 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Korea, Summer–Fall 1952 </td> <td>1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Korean Winter </td> <td>1952–53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Korea, Summer 1953 </td> <td>1953 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museum">Museum</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Museum">edit</a>]</div> The 45th Infantry Division Museum located in Oklahoma City, is the nation’s largest state-operated military history museum depicting the military history of Oklahoma and the 45th Infantry Division. With displays from 1941 through Desert Storm, the museum includes the country’s third-largest collection of historic U.S. military firearms and the world’s largest collection of items once owned by Adolf Hitler. Also includes a substantial collection of cartoons by World War II cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Mauldin" title="Bill Mauldin">Bill Mauldin</a>, who served with it during the war.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_Generals">Commanding Generals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Commanding Generals">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>MG </td> <td>Baird H. Markham (Oklahoma) </td> <td>15 Feb 1923 </td> <td>6 Apr 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>Roy V. Hoffman (Oklahoma) </td> <td>13 Jun 1931 </td> <td>13 Jun 1933 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>Alexander M. Tuthill (Arizona) </td> <td>14 Jun 1933 </td> <td>21 Oct 1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>Charles E. McPherren (Oklahoma) </td> <td>25 Nov 1935 </td> <td>29 Jul 1936 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_S._Key" title="William S. Key">William S. Key</a> (Oklahoma) </td> <td>29 Jul 1936 </td> <td>13 Oct 1942 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Troy_H._Middleton" title="Troy H. Middleton">Troy H. Middleton</a> (R.A.) </td> <td>14 Oct 1942 </td> <td>21 Nov 1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_W._Eagles" title="William W. Eagles">William W. Eagles</a> (R.A.) </td> <td>22 Nov 1943 </td> <td>2 Dec 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Frederick" title="Robert T. Frederick">Robert T. Frederick</a> (R.A.) </td> <td>3 Dec 1944 </td> <td>20 Sep 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BG </td> <td>Paul D. Adams (R.A.) </td> <td>21 Sep 1945 </td> <td>25 Oct 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BG </td> <td>Henry J.D. Meyer </td> <td>26 Oct 1945 </td> <td>7 Dec 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>James C. Styron (Oklahoma) </td> <td>5 Sep 1946 </td> <td>20 May 1952 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>David L. Ruffner (R.A.) </td> <td>21 May 1952 </td> <td>15 Mar 1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_De_Witt_Ginder" title="Philip De Witt Ginder">Philip De Witt Ginder</a> (R.A.) </td> <td>16 Mar 1953 </td> <td>30 Nov 1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Harkins" title="Paul D. Harkins">Paul D. Harkins</a> (R.A.) </td> <td>1 Dec 1953 </td> <td>15 Mar 1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BG </td> <td>Harvey H. Fischer (R.A.) </td> <td>18 Mar 1954 </td> <td>27 Apr 1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>Hal L. Muldrow, Jr (Oklahoma) </td> <td>10 Sep 1952 </td> <td>31 Aug 1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Alvin_Daugherty" title="Frederick Alvin Daugherty">Frederick A. Daugherty</a> (Oklahoma) </td> <td>1 Sep 1960 </td> <td>20 Nov 1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MG </td> <td>Jasper N. Baker (Oklahoma) </td> <td>21 Nov 1964 </td> <td>31 Jan 1968 </td></tr> </tbody></table> Note: The similarity of dates of command for General Muldrow and commanders beginning with General Ruffner is because the 45th Infantry Division was retained in federal service as a unit during the Korean War while a duplicate unit, the 45th Infantry Division (NGUS), was authorized to be activated in Oklahoma during its absence.<a href="#cite_note-Wood-130">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> As of 1 August 1950, the division consisted of 698 <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissioned officers</a>, 64 <a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">warrant officers</a>, and 7,651 <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_men" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlisted men">enlisted men</a>. Army doctrine dictated a fully manned infantry division of 910 officers, 132 warrant officers, and 17,460 enlisted men. The National Guard at the time was operating at a reduced authorization of 851 officers, 130 enlisted men, and 12,777 enlisted men. See <a href="#CITEREFDonnelly2001">Donnelly 2001</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Fearing political ramifications, Army leaders sought to prevent large numbers of casualties from any one state, and the 45th Infantry Division was an all-Oklahoma organization at the beginning of the war. See: <a href="#CITEREFDonnelly2001">Donnelly 2001</a>, p. 122 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 31em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Whitlock21-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitlock2005">Whitlock 2005</a>, p. 21 </li> <li id="cite_note-TIOH-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TIOH_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIOH_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930184209/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=3671">The Institute of Heraldry: 45th Infantry Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Belvoir,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Belvoir, Virginia">Fort Belvoir, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Institute_of_Heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="The Institute of Heraldry">The Institute of Heraldry</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=3671">the original</a> on 30 September 2012, retrieved 12 June 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Institute+of+Heraldry%3A+45th+Infantry+Brigade&rft.place=Fort+Belvoir%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Heraldry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil%2FHeraldry%2FArmyDUISSICOA%2FArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx%3Fu%3D3671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whit17-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Whit17_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitlock2005">Whitlock 2005</a>, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasmilitaryforcesmuseum.org/36division/archives/142/ch001.htm">"142nd Infantry Regiment"</a>. 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Oklahoma City, OK: 45th Infantry Division Association. pp. 130–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thunderbird%3A+A+History+of+the+45th+Infantry+Division&rft.place=Oklahoma+City%2C+OK&rft.pages=130-131&rft.pub=45th+Infantry+Division+Association&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Atkinson, Rick</a> (2007), The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944 (<a href="/wiki/The_Liberation_Trilogy" title="The Liberation Trilogy">The Liberation Trilogy</a>), <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt and Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6289-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6289-2"><bdi>978-0-8050-6289-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Day+of+Battle%3A+The+War+in+Sicily+and+Italy%2C+1943%E2%80%931944+%28The+Liberation+Trilogy%29&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Co.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-6289-2&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxelrod2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Axelrod" title="Alan Axelrod">Axelrod, Alan</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/patton00axel">Patton: A Biography</a>, <a href="/wiki/London,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="London, United Kingdom">London, United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1403971395" title="Special:BookSources/978-1403971395"><bdi>978-1403971395</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patton%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1403971395&rft.aulast=Axelrod&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpatton00axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenson1999" class="citation cs2">Blumenson, Martin (1999), United States Army in World War II: Mediterranean Theater of Operations: Salerno to Cassino, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: Department of the Army, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-001884-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-001884-8"><bdi>978-0-16-001884-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II%3A+Mediterranean+Theater+of+Operations%3A+Salerno+to+Cassino&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-16-001884-8&rft.aulast=Blumenson&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottingSayer1989" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Botting" title="Douglas Botting">Botting, Douglas</a>; Sayer, Ian (1989), Hitler's Last General: The Case Against <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Mohnke" title="Wilhelm Mohnke">Wilhelm Mohnke</a>, <a href="/wiki/London,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="London, United Kingdom">London, United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-593-01709-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-593-01709-9"><bdi>0-593-01709-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Last+General%3A+The+Case+Against+Wilhelm+Mohnke&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-593-01709-9&rft.aulast=Botting&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Sayer%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBykofskyLarson1990" class="citation cs2">Bykofsky, Joseph; Larson, Harold (1990), The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas, United States Army in World War II, Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/56060000">56060000</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Technical+Services%E2%80%94The+Transportation+Corps%3A+Operations+Overseas&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F56060000&rft.aulast=Bykofsky&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Larson%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatchpole2001" class="citation cs2">Catchpole, Brian (2001), The Korean War, <a href="/wiki/London,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="London, United Kingdom">London, United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Robinson Publishing">Robinson Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84119-413-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84119-413-4"><bdi>978-1-84119-413-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Korean+War&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Robinson+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84119-413-4&rft.aulast=Catchpole&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2007" class="citation cs2">Clark, Lloyd (2007), Anzio: Italy and the Battle for Rome – 1944, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4326-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4326-6"><bdi>978-0-8021-4326-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anzio%3A+Italy+and+the+Battle+for+Rome+%E2%80%93+1944&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-4326-6&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollier2003" class="citation cs2">Collier, Paul (2003), Second World War: Volume 4 The Mediterranean 1940–1945, <a href="/wiki/London,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="London, United Kingdom">London, United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96848-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96848-5"><bdi>978-0-415-96848-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+World+War%3A+Volume+4+The+Mediterranean+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96848-5&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelly2001" class="citation cs2">Donnelly, William (2001), Under Army Orders: The Army National Guard During The Korean War, <a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station, Texas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_Press" title="Texas A&M University Press">Texas A&M University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-117-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-117-4"><bdi>978-1-58544-117-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+Army+Orders%3A+The+Army+National+Guard+During+The+Korean+War&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-117-4&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEcker2004" class="citation cs2">Ecker, Richard E. (2004), Battles of the Korean War: A Chronology, with Unit-by-Unit United States Casualty Figures & Medal of Honor Citations, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_North_Carolina" title="Jefferson, North Carolina">Jefferson, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786419807" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786419807"><bdi>978-0786419807</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Korean+War%3A+A+Chronology%2C+with+Unit-by-Unit+United+States+Casualty+Figures+%26+Medal+of+Honor+Citations&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0786419807&rft.aulast=Ecker&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlandSmyth1965" class="citation cs2">Garland, Howard N.; Smyth, Albert N. (1965), United States Army in World War II: The Mediterranean Theater of Operations: Sicily and the Surrender of Italy, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: United States Government Printing Office, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/396186">396186</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II%3A+The+Mediterranean+Theater+of+Operations%3A+Sicily+and+the+Surrender+of+Italy&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F396186&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Howard+N.&rft.au=Smyth%2C+Albert+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(historian)" title="David M. Kennedy (historian)">Kennedy, David M.</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Freedom_From_Fear:_The_American_People_in_Depression_and_War,_1929-1945" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945">The American People in World War II: Freedom from Fear, Part Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford, United Kingdom">Oxford, United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516893-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516893-8"><bdi>978-0-19-516893-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+People+in+World+War+II%3A+Freedom+from+Fear%2C+Part+Two&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516893-8&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2004" class="citation cs2">McGrath, John J. (2004), The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the U.S. Army, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth,_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Leavenworth, Kansas">Fort Leavenworth, Kansas</a>: Combat Studies Institute Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4404-4915-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4404-4915-4"><bdi>978-1-4404-4915-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brigade%3A+A+History%3A+Its+Organization+and+Employment+in+the+U.S.+Army&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4404-4915-4&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2001" class="citation cs2">Muir, Malcolm Jr. (2001), The Human Tradition in the World War II Era, <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham, Maryland</a>: SR Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2786-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2786-1"><bdi>978-0-8420-2786-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Tradition+in+the+World+War+II+Era&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=SR+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2786-1&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1970" class="citation cs2">Nelson, Guy (1970), Thunderbird: A History of the 45th Infantry Division, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_OK" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, OK">Oklahoma City, OK</a>: 45th Infantry Division Association</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thunderbird%3A+A+History+of+the+45th+Infantry+Division&rft.place=Oklahoma+City%2C+OK&rft.pub=45th+Infantry+Division+Association&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2009" class="citation cs2">Perry, Robert (2009), Uprising!: Woody Crumbo's Indian Art, <a href="/wiki/Ada,_Oklahoma" title="Ada, Oklahoma">Ada, Oklahoma</a>: Chickasaw Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a 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Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+will+award+Medal+of+Honor+to+24+overlooked+Army+veterans&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Rothberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Fpoliticsnow%2Fla-pn-obama-medal-of-honors-veterans-20140221-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A45th+Infantry+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Divisions_of_the_United_States_Army" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Army_Divisions_(United_States)" title="Template:Army Divisions (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Army_Divisions_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Army Divisions (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Army_Divisions_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Army Divisions (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Divisions_of_the_United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airborne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Airborne_Division" title="11th Airborne Division">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Airborne Division (United States)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" title="17th Airborne Division (United States)">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Division_(United_States)" title="80th Division (United States)">80th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108th_Training_Command_(Initial_Entry_Training)" title="108th Training Command (Initial Entry Training)">108th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armored</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Armored Division (United States)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="6th Armored Division (United States)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Armored Division (United States)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Armored Division (United States)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Armored Division (United States)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="10th Armored Division (United States)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="11th Armored Division (United States)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="12th Armored Division (United States)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Armored Division (United States)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="14th Armored Division (United States)">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="16th Armored Division (United States)">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="19th Armored Division (United States)">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="20th Armored Division (United States)">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Armored_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Armored Division">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Armored Division (United States)">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="27th Armored Division (United States)">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="30th Armored Division (United States)">30th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="40th Armored Division (United States)">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="48th Armored Division (United States)">48th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Armored_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="49th Armored Division">49th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="50th Armored Division (United States)">50th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cavalry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Cavalry Division (United States)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Cavalry Division (United States)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="15th Cavalry Division (United States)">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="21st Cavalry Division (United States)">21st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="22nd Cavalry Division (United States)">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Cavalry Division (United States)">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Cavalry Division (United States)">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="61st Cavalry Division (United States)">61st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="62nd Cavalry Division (United States)">62nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="63rd Cavalry Division (United States)">63rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="64th Cavalry Division (United States)">64th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="65th Cavalry Division (United States)">65th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="66th Cavalry Division (United States)">66th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Infantry Division (United States)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Division (United States)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Infantry Division (United States)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="6th Infantry Division (United States)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Infantry Division (United States)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Infantry Division (United States)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="11th Infantry Division (United States)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Division_(United_States)" title="12th Division (United States)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Division (United States)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="17th Infantry Division (United States)">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Division_(United_States)" title="19th Division (United States)">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americal_Division" title="Americal Division">23rd (Americal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Division (United States)">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="26th Infantry Division (United States)">26th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="27th Infantry Division (United States)">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="28th Infantry Division (United States)">28th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="29th Infantry Division (United States)">29th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="30th Infantry Division (United States)">30th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="31st Infantry Division (United States)">31st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="32nd Infantry Division (United States)">32nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="33rd Infantry Division (United States)">33rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="34th Infantry Division (United States)">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="35th Infantry Division (United States)">35th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Division (United States)">36th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="37th Infantry Division (United States)">37th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="38th Infantry Division (United States)">38th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="39th Infantry Division (United States)">39th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="40th Infantry Division (United States)">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="41st Infantry Division (United States)">41st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="42nd Infantry Division (United States)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="43rd Infantry Division (United States)">43rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="44th Infantry Division (United States)">44th</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="46th Infantry Division (United States)">46th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="47th Infantry Division (United States)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="48th Armored Division (United States)">48th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="49th Infantry Division (United States)">49th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="51st Infantry Division (United States)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="63rd Infantry Division (United States)">63rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="65th Infantry Division (United States)">65th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="66th Infantry Division (United States)">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="69th Infantry Division (United States)">69th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="70th Infantry Division (United States)">70th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="71st Infantry Division (United States)">71st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Innovation_Command" title="75th Innovation Command">75th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="76th Infantry Division (United States)">76th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Sustainment_Brigade" title="77th Sustainment Brigade">77th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="78th Infantry Division (United States)">78th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="79th Infantry Division (United States)">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Division_(United_States)" title="80th Division (United States)">80th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="81st Infantry Division (United States)">81st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="83rd Infantry Division (United States)">83rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Division_(United_States)" title="84th Division (United States)">84th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="85th Infantry Division (United States)">85th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="86th Infantry Division (United States)">86th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/87th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="87th Infantry Division (United States)">87th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="88th Infantry Division (United States)">88th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="89th Infantry Division (United States)">89th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="90th Infantry Division (United States)">90th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Division_(United_States)" title="91st Division (United States)">91st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="92nd Infantry Division (United States)">92nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="93rd Infantry Division (United States)">93rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="94th Infantry Division (United States)">94th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="95th Infantry Division (United States)">95th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="96th Infantry Division (United States)">96th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="97th Infantry Division (United States)">97th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="98th Infantry Division (United States)">98th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="99th Infantry Division (United States)">99th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="100th Infantry Division (United States)">100th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/102nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="102nd Infantry Division (United States)">102nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="103rd Infantry Division (United States)">103rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/104th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="104th Infantry Division (United States)">104th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/106th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="106th Infantry Division (United States)">106th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108th_Training_Command_(Initial_Entry_Training)" title="108th Training Command (Initial Entry Training)">108th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Division" title="Hawaiian Division">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Division" title="Panama Canal Division">Panama Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Division_(United_States)" title="Philippine Division (United States)">Philippine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Mountain Division (United States)">10th</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Divisions_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Divisions of the United States 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