CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Patrol torpedo boat PT-59 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4ae0dea7-5c5b-419e-b531-289738a98b86","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59","wgTitle":"Patrol torpedo boat PT-59","wgCurRevisionId":1227856693,"wgRevisionId":1227856693,"wgArticleId":7605701,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2019","John F. Kennedy","World War II patrol vessels of the United States","PT boats","1941 ships"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59","wgRelevantArticleId":7605701,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6918162","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg/800px-PT-59_after_conversion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg/640px-PT-59_after_conversion.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Patrol torpedo boat PT-59 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59 rootpage-Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Patrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Patrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Patrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Patrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Service_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Service history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Service_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Service history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Service_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1941_to_1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1941_to_1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1941 to 1943</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1941_to_1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_Kennedy's_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Kennedy's_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Under Kennedy's command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_Kennedy's_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew_of_PT-59_gunboat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew_of_PT-59_gunboat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Crew of <i>PT-59</i> gunboat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew_of_PT-59_gunboat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conversion_to_a_gunboat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversion_to_a_gunboat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Conversion to a gunboat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversion_to_a_gunboat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Blissful" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Blissful"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Operation Blissful</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Blissful-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rescuing_trapped_marines_near_Warrior_River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rescuing_trapped_marines_near_Warrior_River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Rescuing trapped marines near Warrior River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rescuing_trapped_marines_near_Warrior_River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_barges_and_shore_batteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_barges_and_shore_batteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Attacks on barges and shore batteries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_barges_and_shore_batteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Kennedy's_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Kennedy's_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>After Kennedy's command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Kennedy's_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Patrol torpedo boat <i>PT-59</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6918162#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&oldid=1227856693" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&id=1227856693&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:PT-59_(ship,_1942)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6918162" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Torpedo boat of the United States Navy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PT-59_after_conversion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg/300px-PT-59_after_conversion.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg/450px-PT-59_after_conversion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg/600px-PT-59_after_conversion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="689" /></a></span><div><i>PT-59</i> after conversion into a gunboat, October 1943</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United States</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>PT-59</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Electric_Launch_Company" title="Electric Launch Company">Electric Launch Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne, New Jersey</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>26 July 1941</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>8 October 1941</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>5 March 1942</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sold, 1947, Sunk, 1976, remains raised and on display at Battleship Cove</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics <sup id="cite_ref-navsource_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navsource-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td>Elco 77-foot <a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>40 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (41 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>77 ft (23 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>19 ft 11 in (6.07 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>4 ft 6 in (1.37 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>3 × 1,500 shp (1,119 kW) <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a> V12 M2500 gasoline engines, 3 shafts</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>41 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (76 km/h; 47 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>15 as built, 18–20 as PT gunboat</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i><b>As built</b></i>:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × 18 in (457 mm) Mark 8 torpedoes</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × twin .50 cal. <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a> in Dewandre turrets</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × .303 cal. <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × depth charges</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i><b>As PT gunboat</b></i>:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6 × .50 cal. machine guns, three on each side</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">40 mm guns</a> (fore and aft) suitable as anti-aircraft guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × twin .50 cal. machine guns in elevated circular Dewandre turrets, behind and on each side of the cockpit<br />Also suitable as anti-aircraft</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × single .30 cal. machine guns, forward of the cockpit, on each quarter<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td>Gunboat on gunwales, gas tanks</td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service record</th> </tr> <tr><td>Commanders:</td><td> <ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Lt. David M. Levy (5/1942–9/1943)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Lt. <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (9/1943–11/1943)</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>PT-59 / PTGB-1</b></i> was an S-Class Patrol Torpedo boat (<a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, built by the <a href="/wiki/Electric_Launch_Company" title="Electric Launch Company">Electric Launch Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne, New Jersey</a>. The boat was laid down as <b>Motor Boat Submarine Chaser <i>PTC-27</i></b>, and was reclassified as <i><b>BPT-11</b></i> when assigned to transfer to Britain under <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a>. However, this was cancelled, and she was reclassified as <i>PT-59</i> prior to launch on 8 October 1941, and was completed on 5 March 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-navsource_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navsource-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After serving in a training squadron in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <i>PT-59</i> was reassigned to the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> before being transported by oceangoing ship to the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> in the South Pacific. It arrived at its home base of <a href="/wiki/Tulagi" title="Tulagi">Tulagi</a> and served successfully, sinking a Japanese submarine by torpedo. </p><p>In the fall of 1943, <i>PT-59</i> was converted into a <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboat</a> under the direction of its new commander, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> (and future U.S. President) <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> when the chronic inaccuracy of the era's torpedoes and under-arming of the resulting craft were both recognized. She had all four of her torpedo tubes removed, as well as her two depth charges, but retained two <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_L/60_gun" title="Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun">40-millimeter Bofors cannon</a> anti-aircraft guns fitted fore and aft. The refit also added six .50-caliber machine gun nests, with three on each side, behind shields, as well as additional weaponry. </p><p>The partially armored craft was then notably used to rescue marines stranded under heavy Japanese gunfire on <a href="/wiki/Choiseul_Island" title="Choiseul Island">Choiseul Island</a>, and attack both Japanese barges and shore batteries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1941_to_1943">1941 to 1943</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1941 to 1943"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>PT-59</i> was first assigned to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Four, the training squadron based at <a href="/wiki/Melville,_Rhode_Island" title="Melville, Rhode Island">Melville, Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-navsource_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navsource-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 April 1942, one of its torpedoes was accidentally fired, hitting the supply ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Capella_(AK-13)" title="USS Capella (AK-13)">USS <i>Capella</i></a> and causing eight injuries, but no deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulkley-1962_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulkley-1962-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Two on 7 May 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-navsource_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navsource-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of May 1942, <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">Ensign</a> David M. Levy took over <i>PT-59</i> and the squadron was sent on anti-submarine duty to <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> to guard the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> and the Central and South American coast. In October 1942 <i>PT-59</i> departed for the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Pacific</a> on board the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a> SS <i>Roger Williams</i>. In November 1942 <i>PT-59</i> arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> with MTB Squadron 2, numbering 8 boats. The squadron was based at Sesapi on <a href="/wiki/Tulagi" title="Tulagi">Tulagi</a> Island.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulkley-1962_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulkley-1962-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the night of 9 December, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(junior_grade)" title="Lieutenant (junior grade)">Lt. (j.g.)</a> John M. Searles USNR, in the <i>59</i>, patrolling with <i>PT-44</i> at Kamimbo Bay, sighted an enemy barge. As the PT-boats opened fire on the barge, Searles saw a surfaced submarine. He quickly fired two torpedoes, one of which struck it amidships. A geyser of water spouted high in the air, followed by tremendous explosions and a huge oil slick that spread for an hour and a half. It was confirmed that Searles had sunk the submarine <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-3" title="Japanese submarine I-3"><i>I-3</i></a>, a vessel 320 feet (97.5 m) long, of 1,955 tons standard surface displacement.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulkley-1962_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulkley-1962-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1943 <i>PT-59</i> was sent forward to the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Islands" title="Russell Islands">Russell Islands</a>. In the fall of 1943, David M. Levy returned to the United States and was succeeded as commanding officer by Lt. (j.g.) <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_Kennedy's_command"><span id="Under_Kennedy.27s_command"></span>Under Kennedy's command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Under Kennedy's command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1943, Kennedy took command of <i>PT-59</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though he had earned the right by Navy custom to be returned to the States, he chose to stay and fight in the Pacific Theater (PTO) after his second command, <a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-109" title="Patrol torpedo boat PT-109"><i>PT-109</i></a>, was rammed and sunk by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Amagiri_(1930)" title="Japanese destroyer Amagiri (1930)"><i>Amagiri</i></a> on the early morning of 2 August 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-awfp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awfp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 74 feet, the <i>PT-59</i> was six feet shorter than the <i>PT-109</i>, but it would soon bristle with far more and heavier guns and armament, which required a larger crew to operate.<sup id="cite_ref-awfp_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awfp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew_of_PT-59_gunboat">Crew of <i>PT-59</i> gunboat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crew of PT-59 gunboat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>John F. Kennedy</b>, Lieutenant, Commanding Officer (Boston, Massachusetts).</li> <li><b>Robert Lee "Dusty" Rhoads</b>, Lieutenant JG, Executive Officer, helped test armor of PT gunboat</li> <li><b>I.J. Mitchell</b>, Ensign, Gunnery Officer, former skipper of <i>PT-21</i> that had been lost running aground on a coral reef</li> <li><b>Glen Christiansen</b>, Chief Gunner's Mate, formerly sunk at Pearl Harbor<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610,_613_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610,_613-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>John E. Maguire</b>, Radioman 2/c (RM2), previously sunk on <i>PT-109</i>, (Dobbs Ferry, New York).</li> <li><b>Edman Edgar Mauer</b>, Quartermaster 3/c (QM3), previously sunk on <i>PT-109</i>, (St. Louis, Missouri).</li> <li><b>Edmund Drewich</b>, had crewed on the <i>109</i>, but not on the night it was lost</li> <li><b>John Klee</b>, Gunner's Mate, who crewed on the <i>59</i> in November, and was likely present at the rescue at Choiseul<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992182_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Maurice Kowal</b>, had crewed on the <i>109</i>, but not on the night it was lost. He was later appointed to a National Park Service job by Kennedy as President.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015271_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015271-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Leon Drawdy</b>, had crewed on the <i>109</i>, but not on the night it was lost</li> <li>Five additional crew were assigned by Lieutenant Alvin Cluster, from the lost and scrapped <i>PT-21</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610–611_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610–611-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conversion_to_a_gunboat">Conversion to a gunboat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conversion to a gunboat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Tulagi Island, under Kennedy's supervision and with his help, <i>PT-59</i> had all four of her torpedo tubes removed, as well as her two depth charges, and was converted into a more powerful gunboat, and re-designated as <i>PTGB-1</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received two heavy 40-millimeter Bofors cannon anti-aircraft guns now fitted fore and aft. The refit also added six .50-caliber machine gun nests, with three on each side, behind shields. Shielded twin fifty caliber machine guns were placed behind and on each side of the cockpit elevated on circular mounts, and by some accounts, 2 additional thirty caliber machine guns forward of the cockpit in the front of the boat on each side. The higher caliber guns were added to increase range and power and to make the <i>59</i> more effective against both Japanese barge traffic, which had powerful guns, and heavy caliber Japanese land and shore based garrisons. Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_Halsey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Halsey">William Halsey</a> and other high ranking naval officers had concluded that the torpedo tubes and <a href="/wiki/Bliss%E2%80%93Leavitt_Mark_8_torpedo" title="Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo">Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo</a>es assigned the old PTs, were highly unreliable and inaccurate; the torpedoes very rarely hit their mark against larger craft, particularly Japanese destroyers and cruisers. The new PT gunboat was given slightly higher quality radar, and a taller radar mast that could, in theory, boost reception and transmission to 75 miles (121 km).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy lived on the boat during its refit, and worked extremely hard according to Lieutenant Alvin Cluster, who stated, "I never saw a guy work harder, longer hours". Kennedy's gunboat, sometimes referred to as <i>PT-0001</i> was the first completed, and it carefully followed the design and planning of both Kennedy and squadron commander Cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another PT gunboat was given to Lenny Thom, who helped in the refit, and later commanded. Thom had been Kennedy's former executive officer on <i>PT-109</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PT-59engineroom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/PT-59engineroom.jpg/200px-PT-59engineroom.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/PT-59engineroom.jpg/300px-PT-59engineroom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/PT-59engineroom.jpg/400px-PT-59engineroom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption><i>PT-59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s cramped engine room</figcaption></figure> <p>Both sides of <i>PT-59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s highly flammable 3000 gallon gas tanks, housed below decks and immediately behind the cockpit,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Gunwales" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunwales">gunwales</a> were reinforced with armor plate to protect them from return fire. Kennedy was aware that the PT's wooden hulls without armor plating could not withstand even a single bullet or bomb fragment, and that the tiniest shard of hot metal could ignite the gas tanks, instantly destroying the boat and killing the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew set up some of the armor for live fire tests and found they could be breached at short range by .30 and .50-caliber machine guns at a frontal angle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001167,_169,_173_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001167,_169,_173-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 October 1943, the five-week redesign of <i>PT-59</i> was completed, and on the following day Kennedy was promoted to full lieutenant. </p><p>Kennedy's new executive officer was Lt. (j.g.) Robert Lee "Dusty" Rhoads. Rhoads later stated he was impressed that so many men (five<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) from <i>PT-109</i> followed Kennedy to his new command. Kennedy's loss of the <i>109</i> was not viewed as a shortcoming by his crew, many of whom had been on other craft that had sunk or been run aground.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other gunboats were also converted. The plan was to attach one new gunboat to each PT boat section to add firepower and range, though the extra armor and guns reduced their speed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015187_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015187-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation_Blissful">Operation Blissful</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operation Blissful"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_(Operation_Blissful).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_%28Operation_Blissful%29.png/130px-USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_%28Operation_Blissful%29.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_%28Operation_Blissful%29.png/195px-USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_%28Operation_Blissful%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_%28Operation_Blissful%29.png/260px-USMC_Lt._Col._Victor_Krulak_%28Operation_Blissful%29.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Lt. Col. Krulak, Operation Blissful</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 October 1943, as American Marine paratroopers first landed on Choiseul Island as a diversionary tactic, <i>PT-59</i> and crew were ordered to move northwest from their base on Tulagi, to Lambu Lambu Cove, on <a href="/wiki/Vella_Lavella" title="Vella Lavella">Vella Lavella</a> Island, a new advanced PT boat base. Over the next month, <i>PT-59</i> took part in thirteen patrols, initially expected to discourage Japanese barge traffic in the north of Choiseul Island. Kennedy described his month on patrol as "packed with a great deal in the way of death".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming201121_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming201121-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantly tracked by aircraft, Kennedy's refitted <i>PT-59</i> evaded bombs dropped by Japanese floatplanes on 26 October, though one bomb landed only 150 yards (140 m) away.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612,_620_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612,_620-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015176_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015176-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operation Blissful was a diversionary raid on Choiseul Island by Marine forces led by Lt. Col. <a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Krulak" title="Victor H. Krulak">Victor H. Krulak</a>, on 28 October. It was hoped that the raid would convince the Japanese that they needed to send more troops to Choiseul from Bougainville—the Allies' real objective because of its airfields.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rescuing_trapped_marines_near_Warrior_River">Rescuing trapped marines near Warrior River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rescuing trapped marines near Warrior River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChoiseulMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ChoiseulMap.jpg/220px-ChoiseulMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ChoiseulMap.jpg/330px-ChoiseulMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ChoiseulMap.jpg/440px-ChoiseulMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption>Map of Choiseul raid and rescue, Warrior River in the North near Redman Island, Voza southeast, and Krulak's attack at bottom</figcaption></figure> <p>On the evening of 1 November 1943, Kennedy was asked by Lt. Arthur Berndsten, the temporary base commander at Lambu Lambu, on the northeast side of Vella Lavella Island, if he would take <i>PT-59</i> to support a rescue operation around 65 miles (105 km) north near the base of <a href="/wiki/Choiseul_Island" title="Choiseul Island">Choiseul Island</a>'s Warrior River. Berndsten had been contacted by Krulak, the leader of Operation Blissful, who had requested rescue for marines trapped near the base of Choiseul's Warrior River. (Berndsten had formerly skippered <i>PT-171</i> when it helped in the rescue of Kennedy and his <i>109</i> crew the previous August.) </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg/240px-USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg/360px-USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg/480px-USMC_PT-59_at_Choiseul_Rescue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption><i>PT-59</i> (front view) was low on gas at the Choiseul rescue, in view are a <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">Bofors 40 mm gun</a> and twin .50 Brownings</figcaption></figure> <p>Choiseul Island became a very new Allied target, as the Navy and Marines pushed farther northwest into territories in the Solomons formerly held by the Japanese. With time of the essence, Kennedy was not able to fully re-fuel his boat. Berndsten knew Kennedy did not have enough fuel to make the trip there and back with his gas tanks less than a third full, around seven hundred gallons, so he sent two additional PT's to accompany him and provide support if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015188_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015188-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Completing their Northbound route to Choiseul, <i>PT-59</i> first arrived near the shore of the Marine outpost at Voza Village and picked up Kennedy's friend from Rendova, Lieutenant Richard Keresey, and Lt. Col. Krulak, who acted as guides. The officers were picked up from a landing craft near the shore. Motoring around 25 miles (40 km) further northwest, and following Choiseul's coastline, the <i>59</i> arrived in the rain and darkness at the base of the Warrior River around 6:00 p.m. on 1 November, and helped personnel landing craft evacuate 40 to 50 marines from a company led by Marine Major Warren T. Bigger. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg/220px-59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg/330px-59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg/440px-59officer%27s_quarters.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>PT-59 Officer's Quarters where Corporal Schnell and Kennedy bunked in 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>Several marines were wounded, and came from the 2nd Parachute Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Paramarines" title="Paramarines">1st Marine Parachute Regiment</a> that had been lost in the jungle and trapped by Japanese shore fire during the recent <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Choiseul" title="Raid on Choiseul">raid on Choiseul Island</a>, still in progress. The trapped marines originally numbered around 87, and had faced as many as 900 Japanese during the height of the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming201125_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming201125-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy was reluctant to have his gunners fire on the shoreline, afraid of hitting any of the marines waiting to evacuate. The <i>59</i> acted as a shield, positioning itself between the Japanese shore battery and both the escaping marines in the water and one landing craft bearing marines, 250 yards (230 m) from shore, that had been damaged after running aground on the coral reef. <i>PT-59</i> took aboard ten marines near the crippled craft and fed them canned peaches, the first meal they had had in days. Three marines were wounded, including Corporal Schnell who died in Kennedy's bunk that night, attended by his Marine doctor, whom Kennedy had also picked up.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:59large40cal.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/59large40cal.jpeg/220px-59large40cal.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/59large40cal.jpeg/330px-59large40cal.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/59large40cal.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>One of <i>PT-59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s large 40 mm</figcaption></figure> <p>Kennedy's PT may have slowly departed, as she carried the extra weight of ten marines. Several of the unwounded marines held on to gun mounts to steady themselves as the <i>59</i> departed. The two PT's, including Kennedy's, then escorted the slow-moving landing craft they had shielded from fire back to Voza, and when it was clear they would safely reach their destination, they left the landing craft and returned to their base at Lambu Lambu. </p><p>With their speed and maneuverability, the mission demonstrated the <i>PTs</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> suitability for search and rescue operations, their greatest strength throughout the war.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001176–184_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001176–184-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 3:00 a.m. on 2 November, <i>PT-59</i> ran out of gas about halfway back to Lambu Lambu and had to be towed by <i>PT-236</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015190_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015190-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both PT's were vulnerable to Japanese airstrikes during the slow towing process, and Kennedy called for air support. To Kennedy's dismay, all of the 4-6 Australian P-40's that responded were eventually shot down.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the evening of 3 November, <i>PT-59</i> and four other craft traveled around 45 miles (72 km) from Lambu Lambu back to the Marine base at Voza Village and screened and escorted several landing craft that carried additional marines back to Vella Lavella Island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>59</i> and several other PT's arrived in darkness at Voza around 11:30 p.m. and interspersed themselves around the landing craft waiting to pick up the marines. The Japanese were stationed near the shore, and began setting off booby traps. By around 1:50 a.m., the marines began boarding the landing craft, having been ordered to withdraw by Lt. Col. Krulak, who was concerned the Japanese might begin to mortar his troops. When the marines had fully boarded the landing crafts, the <i>59</i> and other PT's escorted them around 45 miles (72 km) back to Vella Lavella island.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operation Blissfull's diversionary raid on Choiseul was, for the most part, a success. The Japanese did send reinforcements to Choiseul, weakening their reaction to the Allied Bougainville landing. The Choiseul operation destroyed several hundred tons of enemy fuel and supplies, sank two barges, and destroyed the barge station at Sangigai, Choiseul, disrupting Japanese barge traffic along the coast of Choiseul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attacks_on_barges_and_shore_batteries">Attacks on barges and shore batteries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attacks on barges and shore batteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg/220px-Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg/330px-Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg/440px-Solomon_Islands_Campaign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1423" /></a><figcaption>Choiseul, Vella Lavella Islands near 9/25/1943 line</figcaption></figure> <p>At 5:30 a.m on 5 November, <i>PT-59</i>, accompanied by two other PT's, destroyed three Japanese barges they found beached on Moli Island on the Northeast coast of Choiseul Island, near the base of the Warrior River. Though the barges were believed to be unmanned, they would likely never return to duty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attacking manned barges required the superior use of firepower, and then a quick retreat, and were usually brief, but important actions as barges could ferry both troops and supplies. </p><p>On the night of 11 November, the <i>59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s gunners fired at two Japanese armored barges emerging from the Warrior River on Choiseul, but they quickly fled. Barge traffic in the vicinity had begun to diminish slightly by this period in the Solomon campaign, as thousands of exhausted Japanese troops on Choiseul began to hope for evacuation northwest to Bouganville Island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181–189_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181–189-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg/220px-BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg/330px-BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg/440px-BlissfullChoiseulmap.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Japanese troop strength on Choiseul. Note Vella Lavella Island below, Voza near center, above the word Choiseul, and Moli I. above Voza</figcaption></figure> <p>On 13 November, <i>PT-59</i> had success shelling Sipassa and Guppy Island at the mouth of <a href="/wiki/Choiseul_Bay" title="Choiseul Bay">Choiseul Bay</a>, only 2–3 miles northwest of the Warrior River, shown in map at right. According to Christiansen, the <i>59</i> then saw the flash of a muzzle farther back on the high bluffs of the Warrior River on northern Choiseul Island during return fire, and pinpointed heavy automatic fire at the flash, likely knocking out the shore battery. Flushed with his successes, Kennedy, developed a plan for a daylight raid up the Choiseul's Warrior River, shown in the raid on Choiseul map, above. The concept of a daylight raid was rejected by both his Chief Petty Officer, Christiansen, and his senior squadron commander, Lieutenant Alvin Cluster, who considered the plan risky to the extreme. Though the Warrior River acted as a base of operations for many of their barges, it was fortified by large numbers of Japanese shore batteries, and would have been a deadly mission in daylight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As evidenced by his plan for a daylight raid, many of the <i>59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew were concerned that Kennedy volunteered for the riskiest missions and constantly sought out danger, but they were usually willing participants.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cluster gave Kennedy a perfect 4.0 for his leadership as <i>PT-59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s commanding officer, writing that Kennedy "demonstrated a cool effectiveness under fire and exhibited good judgement and determination in entirely strange conditions."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015191–192_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015191–192-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Kennedy suffering from a host of ailments, Cluster relieved him of command on 18 November, after a routine patrol off Redman Island in Choiseul Bay. Kennedy had lost twenty pounds in the three previous months and had put back little of the weight, weighing only around 145 pounds at six feet of height. In Lambu Lambu's hospital, Dr. Wharton, concerned about Jack's worsening back problems and continued weight loss, diagnosed "chronic disk disease" and colitis, and passed the news to Cluster who worked to get Kennedy back to the states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992631_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992631-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First sent to Tulagi for medical care and diagnosis, Kennedy was sent home to the States on 23 December 1943, aboard the <i>USS Breton</i>, and arrived in San Francisco on 7 January. He obtained a Navy desk job at the <a href="/wiki/Submarine_Chaser_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Submarine Chaser Training Center">Submarine Chaser Training Center</a> in Miami in March, was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Naval_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea Naval Hospital">Chelsea Naval Hospital</a> near Boston by May, and, after months of recuperation, was finally given an honorable discharge in December 1944. After working as a journalist, he would begin his run for the House of Representatives in 1946, using his war time experience as a major feature of his candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015194_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015194-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Kennedy's_command"><span id="After_Kennedy.27s_command"></span>After Kennedy's command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: After Kennedy's command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>PT-59</i> remained in the Solomons until August 1944, when she and five other 77-ft Elco PT boats, including <i>PT-36</i> and <i>PT-47</i> were transported back to the <a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat_Squadrons_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat Squadrons Training Center">Motor Torpedo Boat Squadrons Training Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/Melville,_Rhode_Island" title="Melville, Rhode Island">Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>. It is safe to assume repairs were performed on the boat by the MTB Base Repair Training Unit. <i>PT-59</i> was redesignated as a "Small Boat" and renumbered C102583 on 14 October 1944, and along with ex-<i>PT-47</i>, used briefly as a <a href="/wiki/Crash_rescue_boat" title="Crash rescue boat">crash rescue boat</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAS_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="NAS Norfolk">NAS Norfolk</a>, before being transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Navy_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Navy Yard">Philadelphia Navy Yard</a> on 15 December 1944 to serve as a test subject for dehydration tests. Surveyed on 21 March 1947, she was then stricken and sold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate">Fate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg/180px-PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg/270px-PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg/360px-PT-159_HarlemRiver.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>PT-59, converted to a fishing boat, decaying in Harlem River</figcaption></figure> <p><i>PT-59</i> quietly ended her days in the 1970s after having served as a fishing boat in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. Because <i>PT-59</i> was thought to be the former <i>PT-95</i>, a 78-foot <a href="/wiki/Huckins_Yacht_Corporation" title="Huckins Yacht Corporation">Huckins</a> PT boat of very different design, no efforts were made to save or salvage her. The actual <i>PT-95</i> had been scrapped in Newport, Rhode Island, after her services were no longer needed, in September 1945. When the actual identity of the fishing boat was discovered, James "Boat" Newberry, founder of PT Boats Inc., attempted to obtain her; however, her ownership was tangled up in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">NYC</a> <a href="/wiki/Probate_court" title="Probate court">probate court</a>. After an unexpected fire, the boat sank at its moorings, beside the <a href="/wiki/University_Heights_Bridge" title="University Heights Bridge">207th St. Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a>, around 1976. The hull sat for years at the bottom of the river and slowly rotted away.<sup id="cite_ref-kaplan-nyp_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaplan-nyp-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2017, Kennedy biographer William Doyle announced preliminary explorations in the Harlem River near 208th Street indicated a strong possibility that <i>PT-59</i> could be found and recovered. He is looking to raise funds from Kennedy focused organizations to fully explore the area.<sup id="cite_ref-kaplan-nyp_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaplan-nyp-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020 the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> announced that parts of the boat had been recovered during preparations to construct a <a href="/wiki/Seawall" title="Seawall">seawall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">Byron "Whizzer" White</a> served as deputy attorney general under Kennedy, who later appointed White as an associate justice to the Supreme Court in the early 1960s. White had acted as the intelligence officer for Commander Thomas Warfield, Kennedy's commanding officer while he served in Rendova, and had investigated the sinking of the <i>PT-109</i>. He joined Kennedy on several patrols of <i>PT-59</i>, while Kennedy captained the boat from Lambu Lambu. Kennedy appointed Paul Burgess ("Red") Fay Jr., skipper of <i>PT-167</i>, as Under Secretary of the Navy. Several of the crew of PT-109 rode on a patrol boat float at his inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, as a member of the House of Representatives, Kennedy came out strongly in favor of retaining the Marines as a separate division of the armed services.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a> with three <a href="/wiki/Battle_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle stars">battle stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-navsource-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-navsource_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navsource_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navsource_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navsource_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRadigan2012" class="citation web cs1">Radigan, Joseph M. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/05059.htm">"PT-59"</a>. <i>navsource.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=navsource.org&rft.atitle=PT-59&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Radigan&rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navsource.org%2Farchives%2F12%2F05059.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, p. 610.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulkley-1962-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bulkley-1962_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulkley-1962_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulkley-1962_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulkley1962" class="citation book cs1">Bulkley, Captain Robert J. Jr. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/CloseQuarters/PT-3.html"><i>At Close Quarters PT Boats in the United States Navy</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: HyperWar Foundation. Part III Guadalcanal and Beyond -- The Solomons Campaign<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Close+Quarters+PT+Boats+in+the+United+States+Navy&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=Part+III+Guadalcanal+and+Beyond+--+The+Solomons+Campaign&rft.pub=HyperWar+Foundation&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Bulkley&rft.aufirst=Captain+Robert+J.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSN%2FCloseQuarters%2FPT-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-awfp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-awfp_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-awfp_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707022241/http://www.americanwarriorsfivepresidents.com/">"American Warriors: Five Presidents in the Pacific Theater of World War II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanwarriorsfivepresidents.com/">the original</a> on 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Warriors%3A+Five+Presidents+in+the+Pacific+Theater+of+World+War+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanwarriorsfivepresidents.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610,_613-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610,_613_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, pp. 610, 613.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992182-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992182_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015271-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015271_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610–611-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992610–611_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, pp. 610–611.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2012/09/24/john-f-kennedy-and-pt-boat-59/">"Pieces of History - John F. Kennedy and PT Boat 59"</a>. US National Archives. 24 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pieces+of+History+-+John+F.+Kennedy+and+PT+Boat+59&rft.pub=US+National+Archives&rft.date=2012-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprologue.blogs.archives.gov%2F2012%2F09%2F24%2Fjohn-f-kennedy-and-pt-boat-59%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, pp. 608–612.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy helped add the guns himself in <a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, pp. 181–183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3000 gallons of fuel in <a href="#CITEREFFleming2011">Fleming 2011</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001167,_169,_173-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001167,_169,_173_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonovan2001">Donovan 2001</a>, pp. 167, 169, 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015182_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015187-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015187_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming201121-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming201121_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFleming2011">Fleming 2011</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612,_620-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992608–612,_620_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, pp. 608–612, 620.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015176-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015176_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradsher2010">Bradsher 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015188-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015188_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming201125-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming201125_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFleming2011">Fleming 2011</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy picked up Krulak and Keresey in <a href="#CITEREFBradsher2010">Bradsher 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Search and rescue in <a href="#CITEREFFleming2011">Fleming 2011</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001176–184-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan2001176–184_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonovan2001">Donovan 2001</a>, pp. 176–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015190-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015190_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Called for air support in <a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621–622_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, pp. 621–622.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marines left Voza around 1:50 a.m. on 3 November in <a href="#CITEREFBradsher2010">Bradsher 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992621_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, p. 621.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181–189-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015181–189_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, pp. 181–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fired at two escaping barges in <a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, p. 621</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Riskiest missions in <a href="#CITEREFFleming2011">Fleming 2011</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015191–192-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015191–192_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, pp. 191–192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992631-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1992631_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton1992">Hamilton 1992</a>, p. 631.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015194-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle2015194_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaplan-nyp-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan-nyp_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan-nyp_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2017" class="citation news cs1">Kaplan, Michael (27 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2017/05/27/jfks-wwii-boat-may-be-at-the-bottom-of-the-harlem-river/">"JFK's WWII boat may be at the bottom of the Harlem River"</a>. <i>New York Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=JFK%27s+WWII+boat+may+be+at+the+bottom+of+the+Harlem+River&rft.date=2017-05-27&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2017%2F05%2F27%2Fjfks-wwii-boat-may-be-at-the-bottom-of-the-harlem-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/09/nyregion/pt-59-jfk-wwII-boat-harlem-river.html">"Solving the Mystery of What Became of J.F.K.'s Other Patrol Boat"</a></span>. <i>New York Times</i>. 9 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622033952/http://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/09/nyregion/pt-59-jfk-wwII-boat-harlem-river.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Solving+the+Mystery+of+What+Became+of+J.F.K.%27s+Other+Patrol+Boat&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fpt-59-jfk-wwII-boat-harlem-river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/boat-salvaged-harlem-river-was-likely-commanded-john-f-kennedy-180975100/">"Wreck of John F. Kennedy's World War II Patrol Boat Recovered"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. 16 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230129145842/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/boat-salvaged-harlem-river-was-likely-commanded-john-f-kennedy-180975100/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Wreck+of+John+F.+Kennedy%27s+World+War+II+Patrol+Boat+Recovered&rft.date=2020-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fboat-salvaged-harlem-river-was-likely-commanded-john-f-kennedy-180975100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWABC2020" class="citation web cs1">WABC (15 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7ny.com/6248927/">"John F. Kennedy's WWII-era patrol boat is raised from Harlem River"</a>. <i>ABC7 New York</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC7+New+York&rft.atitle=John+F.+Kennedy%27s+WWII-era+patrol+boat+is+raised+from+Harlem+River&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.au=WABC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc7ny.com%2F6248927%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White rode with Kennedy in <a href="#CITEREFDoyle2015">Doyle 2015</a>, pp. 184–186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy favored keeping Marines as separate armed service as House Representative in <a href="#CITEREFBradsher2010">Bradsher 2010</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradsher2010" class="citation journal cs1">Bradsher, Greg (2010). "Operation Blissful". <i>Prologue Magazine, Fall 2010</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prologue+Magazine%2C+Fall+2010&rft.atitle=Operation+Blissful&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bradsher&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Donovan" title="Robert J. Donovan">Donovan, Robert J.</a> (2001) [1961]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pt109johnfkenned00dono_0"><i>PT-109: John F. Kennedy in WW II</i></a></span> (40th Anniversary ed.). McGraw Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-137643-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-137643-3"><bdi>978-0-07-137643-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PT-109%3A+John+F.+Kennedy+in+WW+II&rft.edition=40th+Anniversary&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07-137643-3&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpt109johnfkenned00dono_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2015" class="citation book cs1">Doyle, William (2015). <i>PT-109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy</i>. New York City: Harper-Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-234658-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-234658-2"><bdi>978-0-06-234658-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PT-109%3A+An+American+Epic+of+War%2C+Survival%2C+and+the+Destiny+of+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Harper-Collins&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-234658-2&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fleming, Thomas (Spring 2011). "War of Revenge". <i>MHQ, the Quarterly Journal of Military History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MHQ%2C+the+Quarterly+Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=War+of+Revenge&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1992" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Nigel (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780679748809"><i>JFK, Reckless Youth</i></a></span>. New York, NY: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-41216-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-41216-6"><bdi>0-679-41216-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JFK%2C+Reckless+Youth&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-679-41216-6&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780679748809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatrol+torpedo+boat+PT-59" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rottman, Gordon L. <i>US Patrol Torpedo Boats</i>, New Vanguard 148, Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-227-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-227-1">978-1-84603-227-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategypage.com/cic/docs/cic139b.asp">Briefing - <i>PT-59</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s First Victory</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_F._Kennedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_F._Kennedy" title="Template:John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_F._Kennedy" title="Template talk:John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_F._Kennedy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_F._Kennedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">35th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1961–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator from Massachusetts</a> (1953–1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">MA–11</a> (1947–1953)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy#Administration,_Cabinet,_and_judicial_appointments_1961–63" title="John F. Kennedy">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="John F. Kennedy Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States">Presidential pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-100-X" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-100-X">Presidential limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/Y_Manitou" class="mw-redirect" title="S/Y Manitou">Presidential yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk"><i>Resolute</i> desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room" title="Situation Room">Situation Room</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_administration" title="Foreign policy of the John F. Kennedy administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Progress" title="Alliance for Progress">Alliance for Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Control_and_Disarmament_Agency" title="Arms Control and Disarmament Agency">Arms Control and Disarmament Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_response" title="Flexible response">Flexible response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Expansion_Act" title="Trade Expansion Act">Trade Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_Refugee_Assistance_Act" title="Migration and Refugee Assistance Act">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#The_Kennedy_years,_1961–63" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Project">Cuban Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXCOMM" title="EXCOMM">ExComm</a></li></ul></li> <li>Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow%E2%80%93Washington_hotline" title="Moscow–Washington hotline">Moscow–Washington hotline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_summit" title="Vienna summit">Vienna summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Frontier" title="New Frontier">New Frontier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Satellite_Act_of_1962" title="Communications Satellite Act of 1962">Communications Satellite Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Mental_Health_Act" title="Community Mental Health Act">Community Mental Health Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Pay_Act_of_1963" title="Equal Pay Act of 1963">Equal Pay Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11110" title="Executive Order 11110">Executive Order 11110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10925" title="Executive Order 10925">Federal affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11063" title="Executive Order 11063">Federal housing segregation ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_march" title="Kennedy march">Fifty-mile hikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program#Pilot_Food_Stamp_Program_(1961–1964)" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">Pilot Food Stamp Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Kennedy_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="Presidential Commission on the Status of Women">Status of Women (Presidential Commission)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">University of Alabama integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1961" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1961">Oil Pollution Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1962" title="Revenue Act of 1962">Revenue Act of 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Farm_and_Rural_Development_Act_of_1961" title="Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961">Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_Loan_Act" title="Wetlands Loan Act">Wetlands Loan Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg/90px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg/135px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg/180px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="970" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential<br />speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy#The_inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">Inaugural address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_speech" title="American University speech">American University speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_to_the_American_People_on_Civil_Rights" title="Report to the American People on Civil Rights">Report to the American People on Civil Rights</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ich_bin_ein_Berliner" title="Ich bin ein Berliner">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_rising_tide_lifts_all_boats" title="A rising tide lifts all boats">A rising tide lifts all boats</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remarks_at_Amherst_College_on_the_Arts" title="Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts">Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_30,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 30, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1962 State of the Union Address">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1963 State of the Union Address">1963</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Electoral history of John F. Kennedy">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives elections: <a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1950 United States House of Representatives elections">1950</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1960 presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_1960_presidential_campaign" title="John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign">1960 presidential campaign</a></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions: <a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election 1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_National_Historic_Site" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site">Birthplace and childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Querida_(mansion)" title="La Querida (mansion)">La Querida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexford_(Marshall,_Virginia)" title="Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)">Wexford</a></li> <li>Navy service: <a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-109" title="Patrol torpedo boat PT-109"><i>PT-109</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biuku_Gasa_and_Eroni_Kumana" title="Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana">Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Reginald_Evans" title="Arthur Reginald Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>PT-59</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hot_Springs_(Arizona)" title="Castle Hot Springs (Arizona)">Castle Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King#John_F._Kennedy_phone_call" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King phone call</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._President" title="Happy Birthday, Mr. President">Happy Birthday, Mr. President</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_document_hoax" title="John F. Kennedy document hoax">John F. Kennedy document hoax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Why_England_Slept" title="Why England Slept"><i>Why England Slept</i> <small>(1940)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage"><i>Profiles in Courage</i> <small>(1956)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Nation_of_Immigrants" title="A Nation of Immigrants"><i>A Nation of Immigrants</i> <small>(1958)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy assassination">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Media coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy">media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Reactions to the assassination of John F. Kennedy">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_in_popular_culture" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy in popular culture">in popular culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">State funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Jack_(horse)" title="Black Jack (horse)">Riderless horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_state_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of dignitaries at the state funeral of John F. Kennedy">attending dignitaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame" title="John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame">Gravesite and Eternal Flame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Bibliography of John F. Kennedy">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profile_in_Courage_Award" title="Profile in Courage Award">Profile in Courage Award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fourth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11 Moon landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Round" title="Kennedy Round">Kennedy Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Films about John F. Kennedy">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_cents_John_Kennedy" title="Five cents John Kennedy">U.S. five cent stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Kennedy_coincidences_urban_legend" title="Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sail" title="Operation Sail">Operation Sail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of things named after John F. Kennedy">Memorials,<br />namesakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Federal_Building" title="John F. Kennedy Federal Building">John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_F._Kennedy_(Boston)" title="Statue of John F. Kennedy (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Brooklyn)" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial (Brooklyn)">Brooklyn bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial">Dallas memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Hyannis,_Massachusetts)" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial (Hyannis, Massachusetts)">Hyannis memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial,_London" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial, London">London bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_John_F._Kennedy_(Nashua,_New_Hampshire)" title="Bust of John F. Kennedy (Nashua, New Hampshire)">Nashua bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial (Portland, Oregon)">Portland memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnymede#John_F._Kennedy_Memorial" title="Runnymede">Runnymede memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Arboretum" title="John F. Kennedy Arboretum">John F. Kennedy Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Bridge" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge">John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_University" title="John F. Kennedy University">John F. Kennedy University (defunct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium_(Philadelphia)" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)">John F. Kennedy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Expressway" title="Kennedy Expressway">Kennedy Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kennedy" title="Mount Kennedy">Mount Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_John_F._Kennedy" title="MV John F. Kennedy">MV <i>John F. Kennedy</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i> (CV-67)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CVN-79)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)">USS <i>John F. Kennedy</i> (CVN-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Kennedy" title="Yad Kennedy">Yad Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Bouvier</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Schlossberg" title="Tatiana Schlossberg">Tatiana Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">Jack Schlossberg</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Fitzgerald</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy" title="Rosemary Kennedy">Rosemary Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Lawford" title="Patricia Kennedy Lawford">Patricia Kennedy Lawford</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kennedy_Smith" title="Jean Kennedy Smith">Jean Kennedy Smith</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Kennedy" title="P. J. Kennedy">P. J. Kennedy</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushinka" title="Pushinka">Pushinka</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_and_Debbie" title="Billie and Debbie">Billie and Debbie</a> (hamsters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(horse)" title="Sardar (horse)">Sardar</a> (horse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">← Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:John F. Kennedy">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="PT-109" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PT-109" title="Template:PT-109"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PT-109" title="Template talk:PT-109"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PT-109" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PT-109"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PT-109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat_PT-109" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109"><i>PT-109</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat_PT-109" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109"><i>PT-109</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat_PT-59" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat PT-59"><i>PT-59</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Amagiri_(1930)" title="Japanese destroyer Amagiri (1930)">Japanese destroyer <i>Amagiri</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biuku_Gasa_and_Eroni_Kumana" title="Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana">Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Reginald_Evans" title="Arthur Reginald Evans">Reg Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Kirksey_and_Harold_William_Marney" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Jackson Kirksey and Harold William Marney">Andrew Kirksey and Harold Marney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT-109_(song)" title="PT-109 (song)">1962 Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_109_(film)" title="PT 109 (film)">1963 Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT-109_(video_game)" title="PT-109 (video game)">1987 Video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Search_for_Kennedy%27s_PT_109" title="The Search for Kennedy's PT 109"><i>The Search for Kennedy's PT 109</i> (2002 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_109:_An_American_Epic_of_War,_Survival,_and_the_Destiny_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="PT 109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy"><i>PT 109: An American Epic of War, Survival, and the Destiny of John F. Kennedy</i> (2015 book)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Island" title="Kennedy Island">Kasolo Island (Kennedy Island)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&oldid=1227856693">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&oldid=1227856693</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_patrol_vessels_of_the_United_States" title="Category:World War II patrol vessels of the United States">World War II patrol vessels of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PT_boats" title="Category:PT boats">PT boats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1941_ships" title="Category:1941 ships">1941 ships</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2019">Use dmy dates from November 2019</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 June 2024, at 05:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-l24nk","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.646","walltime":"0.810","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3995,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":95953,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4416,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":76039,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 680.277 1 -total"," 25.35% 172.482 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.46% 111.975 1 Template:John_F._Kennedy"," 16.29% 110.800 2 Template:Navbox"," 15.94% 108.434 6 Template:Cite_web"," 15.80% 107.460 27 Template:Sfn"," 10.41% 70.792 1 Template:Infobox_ship_characteristics"," 10.24% 69.668 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.11% 41.562 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.09% 41.420 3 Template:Ship"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.368","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9764000,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBradsher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBulkley1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonovan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoyle2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadigan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWABC2020\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 6,\n [\"Convert\"] = 15,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Pt-059\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 11,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox service record\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox ship begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox ship career\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox ship characteristics\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox ship image\"] = 1,\n [\"John F. Kennedy\"] = 1,\n [\"PT-109\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"Ship\"] = 3,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"USN flag\"] = 1,\n [\"USS\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mdz77","timestamp":"20241124161314","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Patrol torpedo boat PT-59","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6918162","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6918162","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-10-24T22:06:15Z","dateModified":"2024-06-08T05:10:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/07\/PT-59_after_conversion.jpg","headline":"torpedo boat of the United States Navy"}</script> </body> </html>