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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British mathematician (1829–1903)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Norman Macleod Ferrers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg/220px-Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg/330px-Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg/440px-Norman_Macleod_Ferrers_by_John_Collier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Norman Macleod Ferrers by <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(painter)" title="John Collier (painter)">John Collier</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1829-08-11</span>)</span>11 August 1829<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Prinknash Park, Upton St Leonards, Gloucestershire, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1903<span style="display:none">(1903-01-31)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Cambridge, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ferrers_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrers diagram">Ferrers diagram</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nonholonomic_system" title="Nonholonomic system">Nonholonomic constraints</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Emily Lamb </div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1866)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4 sons and 1 daughter</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Norman Macleod Ferrers</b> (11 August 1829 – 31 January 1903) was a British <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and university administrator and editor of a <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical journal">mathematical journal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Macleod_Ferrers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferrers was educated at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> before studying at <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</a>, where he was <a href="/wiki/Senior_Wrangler" title="Senior Wrangler">Senior Wrangler</a> in 1851. He was appointed to a <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxbridge Fellow">Fellowship</a> at the college in 1852, was called to the bar in 1855 and was ordained <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> in 1859 and priest in 1860. In 1880, he was appointed Master of the college, and served as vice-chancellor of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge University</a> from 1884 to 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferrers made many contributions to mathematical literature. From 1855 to 1891, he worked with <a href="/wiki/J._J._Sylvester" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Sylvester">J. J. Sylvester</a> as editors, with others, in publishing <a href="/wiki/The_Quarterly_Journal_of_Pure_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics">The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics</a>. Ferrers assembled the papers of <a href="/wiki/George_Green_(mathematician)" title="George Green (mathematician)">George Green</a> for publication in 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1861 he published "An Elementary Treatise on Trilinear Co-ordinates".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his early contributions was on Sylvester's development of Poinsot's representation of the motion of a rigid body about a fixed point. </p><p>In 1871 he first suggested to extend the equations of motion with <a href="/wiki/Nonholonomic_system" title="Nonholonomic system">nonholonomic constraints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferrers1872_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferrers1872-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another treatise of his on "Spherical Harmonics", published in 1877, presented many original features. In 1881, he studied Kelvin's investigation of the law of distribution of electricity in equilibrium on an uninfluenced spherical bowl and made the addition of finding the potential at any point of space in zonal harmonics. </p><p>He died at the College Lodge on 31 January 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integer_partitions">Integer partitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Macleod_Ferrers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Integer partitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferrers is associated with a particular way of arranging the <a href="/wiki/Partition_(number_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition (number theory)">partition</a> of a natural number <i>p</i>. If <i>p</i> is the sum of <i>n</i> terms, the largest of which is <i>m</i>, then the <a href="/wiki/Ferrers_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrers diagram">Ferrers diagram</a> starts with a row of <i>m</i> dots. The terms are arranged in order, and a row of dots corresponds to each term. </p><p>Adams, Ferrers, and Sylvester articulated this theorem of partitions: "The number of modes of partitioning (n) into (m) parts is equal to the number of modes of partitioning (n) into parts, one of which is always (m), and the others (m) or less than (m)." The proof, attributed to Ferrers by Sylvester in 1883, involves flipping a Ferrers diagram about a diagonal line.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951 <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Riguet" title="Jacques Riguet">Jacques Riguet</a> adopted this manner of ordering to the rows of a <a href="/wiki/Logical_matrix" title="Logical matrix">logical matrix</a>. Alignment of rows of ones along the right side of a matrix is used, instead of the alignment of dots on the left. The logical matrix corresponds to a <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogeneous relation">heterogeneous relation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_relation#Ferrers_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogeneous relation">Ferrers type</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Title page of a 1871 copy of the "Mathematical Papers of the Late George Green," which was edited by Ferrers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Green-3.jpg/190px-Green-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Green-3.jpg/285px-Green-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Green-3.jpg/380px-Green-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2878" data-file-height="4726" /></a><figcaption>Title page of a 1871 copy of the "<i>Mathematical Papers of the Late George Green</i>," which was edited by Ferrers</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Macleod_Ferrers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 April 1866, he married Emily, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Lamb_(priest)" title="John Lamb (priest)">John Lamb</a>, dean of Bristol cathedral. They had four sons and one daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Macleod_Ferrers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1861: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementarytrili00ferruoft">An Elementary Treatise on Trilinear Coordinates</a> (London), link from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>1871: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1G6RQ88480144.97861&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!44354~!1&ri=4&aspect=subtab232&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Mathematical+Papers+of+the+Late+George+Green&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=subtab232&menu=search&ri=4">Mathematical papers of the late George Green</a>, Edited By N.M. Ferrers</li> <li>1877: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementarytreati00ferruoft">An elementary treatise on spherical harmonics and subjects connected with them</a> (London) from Internet Archive</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Macleod_Ferrers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U185923">"Ferrers, Rev. Norman Macleod"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Was_Who" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Was Who">Who Was Who 1920–2008</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+Was+Who+1920%E2%80%932008&rft.atitle=Ferrers%2C+Rev.+Norman+Macleod&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhowaswho%2FU185923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Macleod+Ferrers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. M. Ferrers editor (1871) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;idno=AAN8197.0001.001">The Mathematical Papers of the late George Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>, link from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> Historical Math Collection</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrers1861" class="citation book cs1">Ferrers, N.M. (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anelementarytre08ferrgoog"><i>An Elementary Treatise on Trilinear Co-ordinates: The Method of Reciprocal Polars, and the Theory of Projections</i></a>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Elementary+Treatise+on+Trilinear+Co-ordinates%3A+The+Method+of+Reciprocal+Polars%2C+and+the+Theory+of+Projections&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Ferrers&rft.aufirst=N.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanelementarytre08ferrgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Macleod+Ferrers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferrers1872-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferrers1872_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrers1872" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrers, N.M. (1872). "Extension of Lagrange's equations". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quarterly_Journal_of_Pure_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics">The Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics</a></i>. <b>XII</b>: 1–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Pure+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Extension+of+Lagrange%27s+equations&rft.volume=XII&rft.pages=1-5&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Ferrers&rft.aufirst=N.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Macleod+Ferrers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnb-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenn1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Venn, John (1912). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Ferrers, Norman MacLeod"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1912_supplement/Ferrers,_Norman_MacLeod">"Ferrers, Norman MacLeod" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> (2nd supplement)</i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ferrers%2C+Norman+MacLeod&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography+%282nd+supplement%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Venn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Macleod+Ferrers" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ferrers.html">"Norman Macleod Ferrers"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Norman+Macleod+Ferrers&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FFerrers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Macleod+Ferrers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Riguet (1952) "Les relations de Ferrers", <i>Comptes Rendus</i> 232: 1729-30 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ComptesRendusAcademieDesSciences0232">pdf link at archive.org</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Macleod_Ferrers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADFRRS847NM" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=FRRS847NM&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Ferrers, Norman Macleod (FRRS847NM)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ferrers%2C+Norman+Macleod+%28FRRS847NM%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DFRRS847NM%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Macleod+Ferrers" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223205619/http://www.nra.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/pidocs.asp?P=P9877">The National Archives | National Register of Archives | Person details | Archive Details</a> at www.nra.nationalarchives.gov.uk</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0035/I2304.html">http://www.macleodgenealogy.org/ACMS/D0035/I2304.html</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Guest" title="Edwin Guest">Edwin Guest</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Master of <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a> </b><br />1880–1903 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Stewart_Roberts" title="Ernest Stewart Roberts">Ernest Stewart Roberts</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">James Porter</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice-Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge</a> </b><br />1884–1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Swainson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Anthony Swainson">Charles Anthony Swainson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Gonville_and_Caius_Masters" title="Template:Gonville and Caius Masters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gonville_and_Caius_Masters" title="Template talk:Gonville and Caius Masters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gonville_and_Caius_Masters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gonville and Caius Masters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Masters_of_Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_masters_of_Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="List of masters of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Masters of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville Hall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Colton_(bishop)" title="John Colton (bishop)">John Colton</a> (1349)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rougham" title="William Rougham">William Rougham</a> (1360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pulham" title="Richard Pulham">Richard Pulham</a> (1393)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Somersham" title="William Somersham">William Somersham</a> (1412)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rickingale" title="John Rickingale">John Rickingale</a> (1416)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Attwood_(Master_of_Gonville_Hall)" title="Thomas Attwood (Master of Gonville Hall)">Thomas Attwood</a> (1426)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boleyn_(priest)" title="Thomas Boleyn (priest)">Thomas Boleyn</a> (1454)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Sheriffe" title="Edmund Sheriffe">Edmund Sheriffe</a> (1472)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Costessey" title="Henry Costessey">Henry Costessey</a> (1475)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barly" title="John Barly">John Barly</a> (1483)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Stubb" title="Edmund Stubb">Edmund Stubb</a> (1504)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Buckenham" title="William Buckenham">William Buckenham</a> (1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Skypp" title="John Skypp">John Skypp</a> (1536)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Styrmin" title="John Styrmin">John Styrmin</a> (1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bacon_(academic)" title="Thomas Bacon (academic)">Thomas Bacon</a> (1552)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Caius" title="John Caius">John Caius</a> (1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Legge" title="Thomas Legge">Thomas Legge</a> (1573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Branthwaite" title="William Branthwaite">William Branthwaite</a> (1607)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gostlin" title="John Gostlin">John Gostlin</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Batchcroft" title="Thomas Batchcroft">Thomas Batchcroft</a> (1626, 1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dell" title="William Dell">William Dell</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brady_(writer)" title="Robert Brady (writer)">Robert Brady</a> (1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Halman" title="James Halman">James Halman</a> (1700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ellys_(Caius)" title="John Ellys (Caius)">John Ellys</a> (1703)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gooch" title="Thomas Gooch">Thomas Gooch</a> (1716)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burrough_(architect)" title="James Burrough (architect)">James Burrough</a> (1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(astronomer)" title="John Smith (astronomer)">John Smith</a> (1764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fisher_Belward" title="Richard Fisher Belward">Richard Fisher Belward</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Davy" title="Martin Davy">Martin Davy</a> (1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Chapman" title="Benedict Chapman">Benedict Chapman</a> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Guest" title="Edwin Guest">Edwin Guest</a> (1852)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norman Macleod Ferrers</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Stewart_Roberts" title="Ernest Stewart Roberts">Ernest Stewart Roberts</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Kerr_Anderson" title="Hugh Kerr Anderson">Hugh Kerr Anderson</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._Cameron" title="J. F. Cameron">John Forbes Cameron</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wade_(legal_scholar)" title="William Wade (legal scholar)">William Wade</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gray_(chemist)" title="Peter Gray (chemist)">Peter Gray</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_McKendrick" title="Neil McKendrick">Neil McKendrick</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hum" title="Christopher Hum">Christopher Hum</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Fersht" title="Alan Fersht">Alan Fersht</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Rogerson" title="Pippa Rogerson">Pippa Rogerson</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2270276#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12388386x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2017963213&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p115374965">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90502007">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007453312305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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