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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Scope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harbours_and_gulf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harbours_and_gulf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Harbours and gulf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harbours_and_gulf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volcanoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volcanoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Volcanoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volcanoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture_and_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Culture and identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Future growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture and lifestyle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_lifestyle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and lifestyle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Parks and nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_sporting_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_sporting_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Major sporting venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_sporting_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Major teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Major events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Housing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Housing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Housing_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Housing crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Local</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Primary and secondary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Tertiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Travel_modes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_modes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Travel modes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel_modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Infrastructure and services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure and services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Natural gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>International relationships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relationships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relationships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendship_and_Cooperation_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship_and_Cooperation_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Friendship and Cooperation cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship_and_Cooperation_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.3</span> <span>Cooperation countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Auckland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 132 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%8D%A3_%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%9A%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ኦክለንድ፣ ኒው ዚላንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦክለንድ፣ ኒው ዚላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aucland" title="Aucland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Aucland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="أوكلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوكلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklend_(Yeni_Zelandiya)" title="Oklend (Yeni Zelandiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oklend (Yeni Zelandiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="অকল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অকল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окленд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Окленд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Оклэнд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Оклэнд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="ऑकलैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑकलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окланд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Окланд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_(kapital_sa_rehiyon)" title="Auckland (kapital sa rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Auckland (kapital sa rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="أوكلاند – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوكلاند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADbaal_%C5%81%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Níbaal Łání – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Níbaal Łání" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Όκλαντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όκλαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="اوکلند (نیوزیلند) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوکلند (نیوزیلند)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Makaurau" title="Tāmaki Makaurau – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tāmaki Makaurau" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1" title="ઓકલેન્ડ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓકલેન્ડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%81%B4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_(%EB%89%B4%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C)" title="오클랜드 (뉴질랜드) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오클랜드 (뉴질랜드)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98Aukelana" title="‘Aukelana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="‘Aukelana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4_(%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Օքլենդ (Նոր Զելանդիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքլենդ (Նոր Զելանդիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="ऑक्लैण्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑक्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_(Nov-Zeland)" title="Auckland (Nov-Zeland) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Auckland (Nov-Zeland)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8)" title="Окленд (Ног Зеланди) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Окленд (Ног Зеланди)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93_(%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="אוקלנד (ניו זילנד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקלנד (ניו זילנד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಆಕ್ಲೆಂಡ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಕ್ಲೆಂಡ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ოკლენდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოკლენდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Окленд (Выль Зеландия) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Окленд (Выль Зеландия)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окленд – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Окленд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aucopolis" title="Aucopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aucopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklenda" title="Oklenda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oklenda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklandas_(Naujoji_Zelandija)" title="Oklandas (Naujoji Zelandija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oklandas (Naujoji Zelandija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Auckland (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Auckland (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окленд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Окленд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഓക്‌ലൻഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓക്‌ലൻഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81maki-makau-rau" title="Tāmaki-makau-rau – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tāmaki-makau-rau" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="ऑकलंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑकलंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اوكلاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوكلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окленд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Окленд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အော့ကလန်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော့ကလန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okaladi" title="Okaladi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Okaladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89_(%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="オークランド (ニュージーランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オークランド (ニュージーランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8)" title="Окленд (Керла Зеланди) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Окленд (Керла Зеланди)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_(Steed_uun_Nei-Sialun)" title="Auckland (Steed uun Nei-Sialun) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Auckland (Steed uun Nei-Sialun)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orklan" title="Orklan – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Orklan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Makaurau" title="Tāmaki Makaurau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tāmaki Makaurau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklend_(shahar)" title="Oklend (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oklend (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਆਕਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਕਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آکلینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آکلینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89" title="اوکلنډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوکلنډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaklan" title="Aaklan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aaklan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklan" title="Oklan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Oklan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awklanda" title="Awklanda – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Awklanda" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окленд – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Окленд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Окленд (Новая Зеландия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окленд (Новая Зеландия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukilani" title="Aukilani – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Aukilani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Окландъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Окландъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ئۆکلاند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆکلاند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окланд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Окланд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="ஓக்லாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓக்லாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Окленд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Окленд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆక్లాండ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆక్లాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ออกแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออกแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOkalani" title="ʻOkalani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻOkalani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Окленд (Нова Зеландія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Окленд (Нова Зеландія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آکلینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آکلینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ئاۋكلاند – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاۋكلاند" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklend_(lidn,_Uz%27_Zelandii)" title="Oklend (lidn, Uz' Zelandii) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Oklend (lidn, Uz' Zelandii)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="奧克蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="奧克蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Auckland" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%EF%BC%88%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%EF%BC%89" title="奥克兰（新西兰） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥克兰（新西兰）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%B4%99" title="屋崙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="屋崙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="奧克蘭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奧克蘭" 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class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Auckland_/_T%C4%81maki_Makaurau" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Auckland" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Auckland" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Auckland" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37100" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Auckland&params=36_50_57_S_174_45_55_E_region:NZ-AUK_city_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°50′57″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°45′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.84917°S 174.76528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.84917; 174.76528</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in New Zealand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the urban area. For the wider region, see <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Auckland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Auckland (disambiguation)">Auckland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tāmaki Makaurau" redirects here. The term may also refer to <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Makaurau_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tāmaki Makaurau (New Zealand electorate)">Tāmaki Makaurau (New Zealand electorate)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolitan city in North Island, New Zealand</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Auckland</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Tāmaki Makaurau</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Urban_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Urban areas of New Zealand">Metropolitan city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Auckland CBD and Sky Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_%282%29.jpg/268px-Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_%282%29.jpg/402px-Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_%282%29.jpg/536px-Auckland_skyline_-_May_2024_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3895" data-file-height="2116" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_Tower_(Auckland)" title="Sky Tower (Auckland)">Sky Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Auckland Town Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/87px-00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/131px-00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/174px-00_0399_Auckland_City_Hall%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall" title="Auckland Town Hall">Auckland Town Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St Patrick's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_%28cropped%29.jpg/87px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_%28cropped%29.jpg/131px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Patrick_and_Saint_Joseph_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2276" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Auckland" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Auckland">St Patrick's Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Tree_Hill,_Auckland_NZ_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="One Tree Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland_NZ_%282%29.jpg/86px-One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland_NZ_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland_NZ_%282%29.jpg/129px-One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland_NZ_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland_NZ_%282%29.jpg/172px-One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland_NZ_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1998" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie_/_One_Tree_Hill" title="Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill">One Tree Hill</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum,_NZ_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Auckland War Memorial Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum%2C_NZ_%282%29.jpg/139px-Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum%2C_NZ_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum%2C_NZ_%282%29.jpg/209px-Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum%2C_NZ_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum%2C_NZ_%282%29.jpg/278px-Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum%2C_NZ_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2041" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">War Memorial Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="height:72px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Auckland Art Gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg/125px-Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg/188px-Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg/250px-Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Kitchener_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Art_Gallery" title="Auckland Art Gallery">Auckland Art Gallery</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Auckland Harbour Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/536px-Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_Sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="1354" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Auckland Harbour Bridge</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Sails<br />Queen City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(relief_map).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Auckland is located in New Zealand"><img alt="Auckland is located in New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png/250px-New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png/375px-New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png/500px-New_Zealand_%28relief_map%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1976" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.217%;left:67.161%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Auckland"><img alt="Auckland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/9px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Auckland</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in New Zealand</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of New Zealand</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auckland is located in Oceania"><img alt="Auckland is located in Oceania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Oceania_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1013" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.787%;left:53.519%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Auckland"><img alt="Auckland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Auckland</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Oceania</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Oceania</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auckland is located in Pacific Ocean"><img alt="Auckland is located in Pacific Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.36%;left:39.898%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Auckland"><img alt="Auckland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Auckland</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the Pacific Ocean</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pacific Ocean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Auckland&params=36_50_57_S_174_45_55_E_region:NZ-AUK_city_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°50′57″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°45′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.84917°S 174.76528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-36.84917; 174.76528</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">New Zealand</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Island</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by Māori</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled by Europeans</th><td class="infobox-data">1840</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">NZ Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Electorates</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland Central</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Botany_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Botany (New Zealand electorate)">Botany</a><br /><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Bays_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate)">East Coast Bays</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Epsom_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Epsom (New Zealand electorate)">Epsom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hauraki-Waikato" title="Hauraki-Waikato">Hauraki-Waikato</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_ki_Mahurangi" title="Kaipara ki Mahurangi">Kaipara ki Mahurangi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kelston_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kelston (New Zealand electorate)">Kelston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Māngere (New Zealand electorate)">Māngere</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manurewa (New Zealand electorate)">Manurewa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Maungakiekie (New Zealand electorate)">Maungakiekie</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mount_Albert_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Albert</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mount_Roskill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Roskill (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Roskill</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Lynn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Lynn (New Zealand electorate)">New Lynn</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="North Shore (New Zealand electorate)">North Shore</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northcote_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Northcote (New Zealand electorate)">Northcote</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pakuranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)">Pakuranga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Panmure-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Panmure-Ōtāhuhu">Panmure-Ōtāhuhu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Papakura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papakura (New Zealand electorate)">Papakura</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Port_Waikato_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Port Waikato (New Zealand electorate)">Port Waikato</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Takanini_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Takanini (New Zealand electorate)">Takanini</a><br /><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tāmaki (New Zealand electorate)">Tāmaki</a><br /><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_Makaurau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tāmaki Makaurau">Tāmaki Makaurau</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Te_Atat%C5%AB_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Te Atatū (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatū</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_Tokerau" title="Te Tai Tokerau">Te Tai Tokerau</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Upper Harbour (New Zealand electorate)">Upper Harbour</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Whangapar%C4%81oa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Whangaparāoa (New Zealand electorate)">Whangaparāoa</a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local boards</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_and_Bays_Local_Board" title="Hibiscus and Bays Local Board">Hibiscus and Bays</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour_Local_Board" title="Upper Harbour Local Board">Upper Harbour</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kaip%C4%81tiki_Local_Board" title="Kaipātiki Local Board">Kaipātiki</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Devonport-Takapuna_Local_Board" title="Devonport-Takapuna Local Board">Devonport-Takapuna</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wait%C4%81kere_Ranges_Local_Board" title="Waitākere Ranges Local Board">Waitākere Ranges</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Henderson-Massey_Local_Board" title="Henderson-Massey Local Board">Henderson-Massey</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Whau_Local_Board" title="Whau Local Board">Whau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Albert-Eden_Local_Board" title="Albert-Eden Local Board">Albert-Eden</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Puket%C4%81papa_Local_Board" title="Puketāpapa Local Board">Puketāpapa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Local_Board" title="Waitematā Local Board">Waitematā</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_Local_Board" title="Ōrākei Local Board">Ōrākei</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie-Tamaki_Local_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Maungakiekie-Tamaki Local Board">Maungakiekie-Tamaki</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu_Local_Board" title="Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board">Māngere-Ōtāhuhu</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Otara-Papatoetoe_Local_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Otara-Papatoetoe Local Board">Otara-Papatoetoe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Howick_Local_Board" title="Howick Local Board">Howick</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Manurewa_Local_Board" title="Manurewa Local Board">Manurewa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Papakura_Local_Board" title="Papakura Local Board">Papakura</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Local_Board" title="Franklin Local Board">Franklin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Local_Board" title="Rodney Local Board">Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Auckland" title="Mayor of Auckland">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Brown_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Wayne Brown (New Zealand politician)">Wayne Brown</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Auckland#Role_of_deputy_mayor" title="Mayor of Auckland">Deputy Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Desley_Simpson" title="Desley Simpson">Desley Simpson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MPs</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Representatives</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bayly" title="Andrew Bayly">Andrew Bayly</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Brown" title="Simeon Brown">Simeon Brown</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mariameno_Kapa-Kingi" title="Mariameno Kapa-Kingi">Mariameno Kapa-Kingi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bidois" title="Dan Bidois">Dan Bidois</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Takutai_Moana_Kemp" title="Takutai Moana Kemp">Takutai Moana Kemp</a> (Te Pāti Māori)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rima_Nakhle" title="Rima Nakhle">Rima Nakhle</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hana-Rawhiti_Maipi-Clarke" title="Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke">Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke</a> (Te Pāti Māori)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mark_Mitchell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)">Mark Mitchell</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Van_Velden" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooke Van Velden">Brooke Van Velden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Act_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Act New Zealand">ACT</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chris_Penk" title="Chris Penk">Chris Penk</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fleming_(politician)" title="Greg Fleming (politician)">Greg Fleming</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Garcia_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Paulo Garcia (New Zealand politician)">Paulo Garcia</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Salesa" title="Jenny Salesa">Jenny Salesa</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> (Labour)<br /><a href="/wiki/David_Seymour" title="David Seymour">David Seymour</a> (ACT)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lemauga_Lydia_Sosene" title="Lemauga Lydia Sosene">Lemauga Lydia Sosene</a> (Labour)<br /><a href="/wiki/Erica_Stanford" title="Erica Stanford">Erica Stanford</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chl%C3%B6e_Swarbrick" title="Chlöe Swarbrick">Chlöe Swarbrick</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Phil_Twyford" title="Phil Twyford">Phil Twyford</a> (Labour)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Brewer" title="Cameron Brewer">Cameron Brewer</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Simon_Watts" title="Simon Watts">Simon Watts</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arena_Williams" title="Arena Williams">Arena Williams</a> (Labour)<br /><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cheung" title="Carlos Cheung">Carlos Cheung</a> (National)<br /><a href="/wiki/Helen_White_(politician)" title="Helen White (politician)">Helen White</a> (Labour)</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">605.67 km<sup>2</sup> (233.85 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">196 m (643 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(June 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,531,400</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,500/km<sup>2</sup> (6,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,798,300</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Aucklander<br /><a href="/wiki/Jafa" title="Jafa">Jafa</a> (pejorative)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Stats_NZ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats_NZ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">NZ$</a> 139.5 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">NZ$ 80,300 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12:00" title="UTC+12:00">UTC+12:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13:00" title="UTC+13:00">UTC+13:00</a> (NZDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode(s)</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">0600–2699</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">09</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tainui" title="Tainui">Tainui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_%C4%80karana" title="Ngāti Ākarana">Ngāti Ākarana</a> (pan-tribal)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/">aucklandcouncil.govt.nz</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Auckland</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AWK</span>-lənd</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Tāmaki Makaurau</i>) is a large metropolitan city in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. It has an urban population of about 1,531,400 (June 2024).<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in the greater <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a>, the area governed by <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a>, which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a>, and which has a total population of 1,798,300 as of June 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">most populous city</a> of New Zealand and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oceania_by_population" title="List of cities in Oceania by population">fifth largest city</a> in Oceania. While <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">Europeans</a> continue to make up the plurality of Auckland's population, the city became multicultural and <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> in the late 20th century, with <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asians</a> accounting for 34.9% of the city's population in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland has the fourth largest <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born" title="Foreign born">foreign-born</a> population in the world, with 39% of its residents born overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its sizable population of <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika New Zealanders</a>, the city is also home to the largest ethnic <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> population in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAROUND_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAROUND-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auckland lies between the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a> to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Hunua_Ranges" title="Hunua Ranges">Hunua Ranges</a> to the south-east, the <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> to the south-west, and the <a href="/wiki/Wait%C4%81kere_Ranges" title="Waitākere Ranges">Waitākere Ranges</a> and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. The surrounding hills are covered in <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> and the landscape is dotted with 53 volcanic centres that make up the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Volcanic_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Volcanic Field">Auckland Volcanic Field</a>. The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow <a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">isthmus</a> between the Manukau Harbour on the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> on the Pacific Ocean. Auckland is one of the few cities in the world to have a harbour on each of two separate major bodies of water. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a> was first settled <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1350</span> and was valued for its rich and fertile land. The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochstetter18672_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochstetter18672-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">British colony</a> was established in New Zealand in 1840, <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a>, then Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, chose Auckland as its new <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua_%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" title="Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei">Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei</a> made a strategic gift of land to Hobson for the new capital. Māori–European conflict over land in the region led to war in the mid-19th century. In 1865, Auckland was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> as the capital, but continued to grow, initially because of its port and the logging and gold-mining activities in its hinterland, and later because of pastoral farming (especially dairy farming) in the surrounding area, and manufacturing in the city itself.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been the nation's largest city throughout most of its history. Today, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland's central business district</a> is New Zealand's leading economic hub. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>, founded in 1883, is the largest university in New Zealand. The city's significant tourist attractions include national historic sites, festivals, performing arts, sports activities and a variety of cultural institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">Auckland War Memorial Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Transport_and_Technology" title="Museum of Transport and Technology">Museum of Transport and Technology</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Art_Gallery_Toi_o_T%C4%81maki" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki">Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki</a>. Its architectural landmarks include the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Harbour Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall" title="Auckland Town Hall">Town Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Ferry_Terminal" title="Auckland Ferry Terminal">Ferry Building</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sky_Tower_(Auckland)" title="Sky Tower (Auckland)">Sky Tower</a>, which is the second-tallest building in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a> after <a href="/wiki/Thamrin_Nine" title="Thamrin Nine">Thamrin Nine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport" title="Auckland Airport">Auckland Airport</a>, which handled 18.5 million passengers in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland is one of the world's <a href="/wiki/Most_liveable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Most liveable cities">most liveable cities</a>, ranking fifth in the 2024 Mercer Quality of Living Survey and at ninth place in a 2024 ranking of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking" title="Global Liveability Ranking">Global Liveability Ranking</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori-language</a> name for Auckland is <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Tāmaki Makaurau</i></span></i>, meaning "Tāmaki desired by many", in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are various theories of the origin of the name "<a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki" title="Tāmaki">Tāmaki</a>", which is also used to refer to an eastern suburb of Auckland. It is regarded by some to be the isthmus between the two harbours of the area, which is variously said to be named after a son of Maruiwi from <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a>, a line of chefs from the southern Taranaki, or a female leader of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Te_Ata" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Te Ata">Ngāti Te Ata</a>. Other versions of the name include <i>Tāmakinui</i> (great Tāmaki) or <i>Tāmaki-herehere-ngā-waka</i> (Tāmaki that binds many canoes).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a> named the area after <a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_Earl_of_Auckland" class="mw-redirect" title="George Eden, Earl of Auckland">George Eden, Earl of Auckland</a>, British <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>. The Earldom of Auckland was named after <a href="/wiki/West_Auckland,_County_Durham" title="West Auckland, County Durham">West Auckland</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Auckland" in West Auckland is thought to originate from the <a href="/wiki/Cumbric_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbric language">Cumbric</a> word "<i>Alclud</i>" which was the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde" title="Kingdom of Strathclyde">Kingdom of Strathclyde</a>'s alternative name meaning "cliff on the Clyde". It is thought 'Clyde' may be the <a href="/wiki/River_Gaunless" title="River Gaunless">river Gaunless</a>' old name.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelling_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelling-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heroicage.org_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heroicage.org-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auckland is popularly nicknamed the "City of Sails" or the "Queen City".<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Sails_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Sails-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Auckland" title="History of Auckland">History of Auckland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Auckland" title="Timeline of Auckland">Timeline of Auckland</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Tree_Hill,_Auckland,_March_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland%2C_March_2015.jpg/220px-One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland%2C_March_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland%2C_March_2015.jpg/330px-One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland%2C_March_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland%2C_March_2015.jpg/440px-One_Tree_Hill%2C_Auckland%2C_March_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1611" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption>Aerial shot of <a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie_/_One_Tree_Hill" title="Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill">Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill</a> with Auckland city in the background, showing terraces of the Māori pā that were constructed by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Awa" title="Ngāti Awa">Ngāti Awa</a> chief Tītahi in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland,_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Auckland%2C_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg/220px-Auckland%2C_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Auckland%2C_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg/330px-Auckland%2C_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Auckland%2C_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg/440px-Auckland%2C_1853_SLNSW_FL3270469.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="2681" /></a><figcaption>View of Auckland, 1853</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a> was settled by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> around 1350, and was valued for its rich and fertile land. Many <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81_(M%C4%81ori)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pā (Māori)">pā</a></i> (fortified villages) were created, mainly on the volcanic peaks. By the early 1700s, <a href="/wiki/Te_Waiohua" title="Te Waiohua">Te Waiohua</a>, a confederation of tribes such as <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Oho" title="Ngā Oho">Ngā Oho</a>, Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi, became the main influential force on the Auckland isthmus,<sup id="cite_ref-Rawhiri_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rawhiri-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AucklandCouncil_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AucklandCouncil-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with major <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie_/_One_Tree_Hill" title="Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill">Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_Mountain" title="Māngere Mountain">Māngere Mountain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maungataketake" title="Maungataketake">Maungataketake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_0015_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ_0015-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The confederation came to an end around 1741, when <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiwi_T%C4%81maki" title="Kiwi Tāmaki">Kiwi Tāmaki</a> was killed in battle by <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua" title="Ngāti Whātua">Ngāti Whātua</a> <a href="/wiki/Hap%C5%AB" title="Hapū">hapū</a> <a href="/wiki/Te_Tao%C5%AB" title="Te Taoū">Te Taoū</a> chief Te Waha-akiaki.<sup id="cite_ref-AileenFox_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AileenFox-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1740s onwards, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Wh%C4%81tua-o-%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei">Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei</a> became the major influential force on the Auckland isthmus.<sup id="cite_ref-Rawhiri_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rawhiri-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Māori population in the area is estimated to have been about 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-Hochstetter1867_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hochstetter1867-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of firearms at the end of the eighteenth century, which began in <a href="/wiki/Northland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland region">Northland</a>, upset the balance of power and led to devastating <a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">intertribal warfare</a> beginning in 1807, causing <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> who lacked the new weapons to seek refuge in areas less exposed to coastal raids. As a result, the region had relatively low numbers of Māori when settlement by <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European New Zealanders</a> began.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HURSTHOUSE(1857)_p225_AUCKLAND,_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HURSTHOUSE%281857%29_p225_AUCKLAND%2C_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg/220px-HURSTHOUSE%281857%29_p225_AUCKLAND%2C_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HURSTHOUSE%281857%29_p225_AUCKLAND%2C_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg/330px-HURSTHOUSE%281857%29_p225_AUCKLAND%2C_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/HURSTHOUSE%281857%29_p225_AUCKLAND%2C_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg/440px-HURSTHOUSE%281857%29_p225_AUCKLAND%2C_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption>Print of a painting of Auckland port, 1857</figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 March 1840 in the <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> area where Ngāti Whātua farmed, paramount chief <a href="/wiki/Apihai_Te_Kawau" title="Apihai Te Kawau">Apihai Te Kawau</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a> as well as a reciprocal relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Crown</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a>. Soon after signing the treaty, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei made a strategic gift of 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of land on the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> to the new Governor of New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a>, for the new <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a>, which Hobson named for <a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">George Eden, Earl of Auckland</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Apihai_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apihai-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Values_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Values-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland was founded on 18 September 1840 and was officially declared New Zealand's capital in 1841,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the transfer of the administration from Russell (now <a href="/wiki/Okiato" title="Okiato">Old Russell</a>) in the Bay of Islands was completed in 1842. However, even in 1840 <a href="/wiki/Port_Nicholson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Nicholson">Port Nicholson</a> (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>) was seen as a better choice for an administrative capital because of its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>, and Wellington became the capital in 1865. After losing its status as capital, Auckland remained the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Auckland Province</a> until the provincial system was abolished in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mid_Queen_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mid_Queen_Street.jpg/220px-Mid_Queen_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mid_Queen_Street.jpg/330px-Mid_Queen_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mid_Queen_Street.jpg/440px-Mid_Queen_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Queen Street (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1889); painting by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Carabain" title="Jacques Carabain">Jacques Carabain</a>. Most of the buildings depicted were demolished during rampant modernisation in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In response to the ongoing rebellion by <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dne_Heke" title="Hōne Heke">Hōne Heke</a> in the mid-1840s, the government encouraged retired but fit British soldiers and their families to migrate to Auckland to form a defence line around the port settlement as garrison soldiers. By the time the first <a href="/wiki/Fencibles" title="Fencibles">Fencibles</a> arrived in 1848, the <a href="/wiki/Flagstaff_War" title="Flagstaff War">Northern War</a> had concluded. Outlying defensive towns were then constructed to the south, stretching in a line from the port village of <a href="/wiki/Onehunga" title="Onehunga">Onehunga</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Howick,_New_Zealand" title="Howick, New Zealand">Howick</a> in the east. Each of the four settlements had about 800 settlers; the men were fully armed in case of emergency, but spent nearly all their time breaking in the land and establishing roads.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the early 1860s, Auckland became a base against the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King Movement</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 12,000 Imperial soldiers stationed there led to a strong boost to local commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-Essay_Vincent_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essay_Vincent-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, and <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Road,_New_Zealand" title="Great South Road, New Zealand">continued road building towards the south</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> region, enabled <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> (European New Zealanders) influence to spread from Auckland. The city's population grew fairly rapidly, from 1,500 in 1841 to 3,635 in 1845,<sup id="cite_ref-Essay_Vincent_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essay_Vincent-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then to 12,423 by 1864. The growth occurred similarly to other <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">mercantile</a>-dominated cities, mainly around the port and with problems of overcrowding and pollution. Auckland's population of ex-soldiers was far greater than that of other settlements: about 50 per cent of the population was Irish, which contrasted heavily with the majority English settlers in Wellington, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a>. The majority of settlers in the early period were assisted by receiving cheap passage to New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg/170px-Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg/255px-Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg/340px-Auckland_CBD_And_Waterfront_In_The_1950s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Looking east over the area that became <a href="/wiki/Wynyard_Quarter" title="Wynyard Quarter">Wynyard Quarter</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a> in the middle distance, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1950s</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Trams and railway lines shaped Auckland's rapid expansion in the early first half of the 20th century. However, after the Second World War, the city's transport system and urban form became increasingly dominated by the motor vehicle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Arterial roads and motorways became both defining and geographically dividing features of the urban landscape. They also allowed further massive expansion that resulted in the growth of suburban areas such as the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_New_Zealand" title="North Shore, New Zealand">North Shore</a> (especially after the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Auckland Harbour Bridge</a> in the late 1950s), and <a href="/wiki/Manukau_City" title="Manukau City">Manukau City</a> in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economic deregulation in the mid-1980s led to very dramatic changes to Auckland's economy, and many companies relocated their head offices from Wellington to Auckland. The region was now the nerve centre of the entire national economy. Auckland also benefited from a surge in tourism, which brought 75 per cent of New Zealand's international visitors through its airport. Auckland's port handled 31 per cent of the country's container trade in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-teara.govt.nz_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara.govt.nz-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The face of urban Auckland changed when the government's immigration policy began allowing immigrants from Asia in 1986. This has led to Auckland becoming a multicultural city, with people of all ethnic backgrounds. According to the 1961 census data, Māori and Pacific Islanders comprised 5 per cent of Auckland's population; Asians less than 1 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2006, the Asian population had reached 18.0 per cent in Auckland, and 36.2 per cent in the central city. New arrivals from Hong Kong, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> gave a distinctive character to the areas where they clustered, while a range of other immigrants introduced mosques, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> temples, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> temples, <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> butchers and ethnic restaurants to the suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-teara.govt.nz_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara.govt.nz-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Auckland_region" title="Geology of the Auckland region">Geology of the Auckland region</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Region_map_EN.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Auckland_Region_map_EN.png/220px-Auckland_Region_map_EN.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Auckland_Region_map_EN.png/330px-Auckland_Region_map_EN.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Auckland_Region_map_EN.png/440px-Auckland_Region_map_EN.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Auckland region. Map projection Mercator; approximate scale is 1:900,000. Orange and yellow roads are motorways/expressways, orange roads are state highways and brown roads are all other roads.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope">Scope</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_suburbs_of_Auckland" title="List of suburbs of Auckland">List of suburbs of Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Auckland" title="South Auckland">South Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Auckland" title="East Auckland">East Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Auckland,_New_Zealand" title="West Auckland, New Zealand">West Auckland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_New_Zealand" title="North Shore, New Zealand">North Shore</a></div> <p>The boundaries of Auckland are imprecisely defined. The Auckland <a href="/wiki/Urban_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Urban areas of New Zealand">urban area</a>, as it is defined by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a> under the <i>Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018</i> (SSGA18), spans 607.07 square kilometres (234.39 sq mi) and extends to <a href="/wiki/Long_Bay,_New_Zealand" title="Long Bay, New Zealand">Long Bay</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Swanson,_New_Zealand" title="Swanson, New Zealand">Swanson</a> in the north-west, and Runciman in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-Area_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland's <a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">functional urban area</a> (commuting zone) extends from just south of <a href="/wiki/Warkworth,_New_Zealand" title="Warkworth, New Zealand">Warkworth</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Meremere" title="Meremere">Meremere</a> in the south, incorporating the <a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_Coast" title="Hibiscus Coast">Hibiscus Coast</a> in the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Helensville" title="Helensville">Helensville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parakai" title="Parakai">Parakai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muriwai" title="Muriwai">Muriwai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waimauku" title="Waimauku">Waimauku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kume%C5%AB" title="Kumeū">Kumeū</a>-<a href="/wiki/Huapai" title="Huapai">Huapai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Riverhead,_New_Zealand" title="Riverhead, New Zealand">Riverhead</a> in the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Beachlands,_New_Zealand" title="Beachlands, New Zealand">Beachlands-Pine Harbour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maraetai" title="Maraetai">Maraetai</a> in the east, and <a href="/wiki/Pukekohe" title="Pukekohe">Pukekohe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarks_Beach" title="Clarks Beach">Clarks Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patumahoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Patumahoe">Patumāhoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waiuku" title="Waiuku">Waiuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuakau" title="Tuakau">Tuakau</a> and <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dkeno" title="Pōkeno">Pōkeno</a> (the latter two in the Waikato region) in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland forms <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_urban_areas_by_population" title="List of New Zealand urban areas by population">New Zealand's largest urban area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Auckland urban area lies within the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a>, an administrative region that takes its name from the city. The region encompasses the city centre, as well as suburbs, surrounding towns, nearshore islands, and rural areas north and south of the urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_central_business_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland central business district">Auckland central business district</a> is the most built-up area of the region. The CBD covers 433 hectares (1,070 acres) in a triangular area,<sup id="cite_ref-CBD_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBD-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_waterfront" title="Auckland waterfront">Auckland waterfront</a> on the Waitematā Harbour<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the inner-city suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Ponsonby,_New_Zealand" title="Ponsonby, New Zealand">Ponsonby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newton,_New_Zealand" title="Newton, New Zealand">Newton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parnell,_New_Zealand" title="Parnell, New Zealand">Parnell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBD_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBD-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1288px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AucklandPano_MC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auckland cityscape viewed from Maungawhau / Mount Eden. The nearer body of water is the Waitematā Harbour and the further one is the Hauraki Gulf."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/AucklandPano_MC.jpg/1280px-AucklandPano_MC.jpg" decoding="async" width="1280" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/AucklandPano_MC.jpg/1920px-AucklandPano_MC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/AucklandPano_MC.jpg/2560px-AucklandPano_MC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15000" data-file-height="2271" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:AucklandPano_MC.jpg" title="File:AucklandPano MC.jpg"> </a></div>Auckland cityscape viewed from Maungawhau / Mount Eden. The nearer body of water is the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> and the further one is the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harbours_and_gulf">Harbours and gulf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Harbours and gulf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg/220px-Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg/330px-Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg/440px-Auckland_isthmus_and_Waitemata_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2074" data-file-height="1769" /></a><figcaption>Satellite view of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a> with Manukau (lower) and Waitematā (upper) Harbours</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG/220px-Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG/330px-Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG/440px-Harbour_Bridge_from_Chelsea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A view over <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Sugar_Refinery" title="Chelsea Sugar Refinery">Chelsea Sugar Refinery</a>'s lower dam towards <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Auckland Harbour Bridge</a> and the CBD</figcaption></figure> <p>The central areas of the city are located on the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a>, less than two kilometres wide at its narrowest point, between <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_Inlet" title="Māngere Inlet">Māngere Inlet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_River" title="Tāmaki River">Tāmaki River</a>. There are two harbours surrounding this isthmus: <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> to the north, which extends east to the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a> and thence to the Pacific Ocean, and <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> to the south, which opens west to the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>. </p><p>Bridges span parts of both harbours, notably the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Auckland Harbour Bridge</a> crossing the Waitematā Harbour west of the central business district. The <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_Bridge_(bridges)" title="Māngere Bridge (bridges)">Māngere Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour_Bridge" title="Upper Harbour Bridge">Upper Harbour Bridge</a> span the upper reaches of the Manukau and Waitematā Harbours, respectively. In earlier times, <a href="/wiki/Portages_of_New_Zealand" title="Portages of New Zealand">portages</a> crossed the narrowest sections of the isthmus.<sup id="cite_ref-Furey_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furey-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TeKawerau_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeKawerau-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several islands of the Hauraki Gulf are administered as part of the Auckland region, though they are not part of the Auckland urban area. Parts of <a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Island" title="Waiheke Island">Waiheke Island</a> effectively function as Auckland suburbs, while various smaller islands near Auckland are mostly zoned 'recreational open space' or are nature sanctuaries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Auckland has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (Köppen climate classification <i>Cfb</i>). However, under the <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha climate classification</a> and according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Water_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research</a> (NIWA), the city's climate is classified as <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> with warm summers and mild winters (Trewartha climate classification <i>Cfbl</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Peel_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the warmest main centre of New Zealand. The average daily maximum temperature is 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in February and 14.7 °C (58.5 °F) in July. The maximum recorded temperature is 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) on 12 February 2009, while the minimum is −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) recorded at <a href="/wiki/Riverhead_Forest" title="Riverhead Forest">Riverhead Forest</a> in June 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Snowfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowfall">Snowfall</a> is extremely rare: the most significant fall since the start of the 20th century was on 27 July 1939, when snow fell just before dawn and five centimetres (2 in) of snow reportedly lay on <a href="/wiki/Maungawhau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maungawhau">Mount Eden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snow1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snow1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snowflakes were also seen on 28 July 1930 and 15 August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-snow2_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snow2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">Frosts</a> in Auckland are infrequent and often localised. Henderson Riverpark receives an annual average of 27.4 <a href="/wiki/Ground_frost" title="Ground frost">ground frosts</a> per year, while Auckland Airport receives an annual average of 8.7 ground frosts per year.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Average <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">sea temperature</a> around Auckland varies throughout the year. The water temperature is warmest in February when it averages 21 °C (70 °F), while in August, the water temperature is at its coolest, averaging 14 °C (57 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prevailing_winds" title="Prevailing winds">Prevailing winds</a> in Auckland are predominantly from the southwest. The mean annual wind speed for Auckland Airport is 18 kilometres per hour (11 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the summer months there is often a <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">sea breeze</a> in Auckland which starts in the morning and dies down again in the evening.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early morning calm on the isthmus during settled weather, before the sea breeze rises, was described as early as 1853: "In all seasons, the beauty of the day is in the early morning. At that time, generally, a solemn stillness holds, and a perfect calm prevails...".<sup id="cite_ref-1853_morning_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1853_morning-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a> is a common occurrence for Auckland, especially in autumn and winter. Whenuapai Airport experiences an average of 44 fog days per year.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auckland occasionally suffers from air pollution due to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric particulate matter">fine particle</a> emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also occasional breaches of guideline levels of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While maritime winds normally disperse the pollution relatively quickly it can sometimes become visible as smog, especially on calm winter days.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport" title="Auckland Airport">Auckland Airport</a> (17km S of Auckland, 7m ASL, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1962–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1<br />(2.29) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0<br />(2.95) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1<br />(3.43) </td> <td style="background: #4CFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.8<br />(4.72) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.4<br />(4.70) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.9<br />(5.39) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.2<br />(4.61) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.1<br />(3.94) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.6<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9<br />(2.71) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7<br />(3.22) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,118.9<br />(44.05) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">130.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.3 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.4 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.8 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.3 </td> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.1 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.1 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.9 </td> <td style="background: #C5C503; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.7 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.0 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.9 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,121.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #F1F111; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NIWA Climate Data<sup id="cite_ref-NIWA_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: MetService<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather Spark<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Henderson North (13km W of Auckland, 7m ASL, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1985–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7<br />(2.78) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7<br />(3.57) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.4<br />(4.35) </td> <td style="background: #2DFF2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.3<br />(5.52) </td> <td style="background: #0AFF0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.5<br />(6.24) </td> <td style="background: #00F400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.3<br />(7.02) </td> <td style="background: #1DFF1D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.5<br />(5.96) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.0<br />(5.24) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.8<br />(4.09) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.7<br />(3.49) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.4<br />(3.91) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,399.4<br />(55.09) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ardmore Airport (27km SE of Auckland, 41m ASL, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1969–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.6<br />(2.62) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(3.16) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.4<br />(4.15) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.9<br />(4.88) </td> <td style="background: #26FF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.4<br />(5.53) </td> <td style="background: #28FF28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144.0<br />(5.67) </td> <td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.5<br />(5.37) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.8<br />(4.48) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.7<br />(4.00) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.6<br />(3.49) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(3.56) </td> <td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,259.8<br />(49.6) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA (rain 1990–2016)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for North Shore (Albany) (12km N of Auckland, 64m ASL, 1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.0<br />(2.64) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5<br />(3.44) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.6<br />(3.65) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.0<br />(4.65) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.0<br />(5.28) </td> <td style="background: #26FF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.4<br />(5.72) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.9<br />(4.96) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.4<br />(4.19) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.8<br />(3.50) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.9<br />(2.79) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5<br />(3.44) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,189.4<br />(46.83) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268.6 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.1 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.5 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.7 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.8 </td> <td style="background: #C3C312; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.3 </td> <td style="background: #C4C409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.7 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,345.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volcanoes">Volcanoes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Volcanoes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_volcanic_field" title="Auckland volcanic field">Auckland volcanic field</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport,_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport%2C_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg/280px-Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport%2C_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport%2C_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg/420px-Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport%2C_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport%2C_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg/560px-Rangitoto_Island_as_seen_from_Mount_Victoria_Reserve_in_Devonport%2C_North_Shore_City_20100128_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="1586" /></a><figcaption>The volcanic <a href="/wiki/Rangitoto_Island" title="Rangitoto Island">Rangitoto Island</a> in the Hauraki Gulf, with the remnant of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cambria" title="Mount Cambria">Takaroro / Mount Cambria</a> in the foreground (yellow, grassy reserve). Viewed from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Victoria_(Auckland)" title="Mount Victoria (Auckland)">Takarunga / Mount Victoria</a> over <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_New_Zealand" title="Devonport, New Zealand">Devonport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Auckland straddles the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Volcanic_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Volcanic Field">Auckland Volcanic Field</a>, an area which in the past, produced at least 53 small <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> centres over the last ~193,000 years, represented by a range of surface features including <a href="/wiki/Maars" class="mw-redirect" title="Maars">maars</a> (explosion craters), <a href="/wiki/Tuff_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuff ring">tuff rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">scoria</a> cones, and <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> flows.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayward_(2019)-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is fed entirely by <a href="/wiki/Basaltic" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic">basaltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_mantle" title="Earth's mantle">mantle</a> at a depth of 70–90 km below the city,<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is unrelated to the explosive, <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a>-driven volcanism of the <a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_Volcanic_Zone" title="Taupō Volcanic Zone">Taupō Volcanic Zone</a> in the Central North Island region of Aotearoa, New Zealand, ~250 km away. The Auckland Volcanic Field is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field" title="Monogenetic volcanic field">monogenetic volcanic field</a>, with each volcano erupting only a single time, usually over a timeframe of weeks to years before cessation of activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayward_(2019)-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Future eruptive activity remains a threat to the city, and will likely occur at a new, unknown location within the field.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent activity occurred approximately 1450 AD at the <a href="/wiki/Rangitoto_Island" title="Rangitoto Island">Rangitoto Volcano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins_et_al_(2020)-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event was witnessed by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> occupants of the area, making it the only eruption within the Auckland Volcanic Field thus far to have been observed by humans. </p><p>The Auckland Volcanic Field has contributed greatly to the growth and prosperity of the Auckland region since the area was settled by humans. Initially, the <a href="/wiki/Maunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Maunga">maunga</a> (scoria cones) were occupied and established as <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81" title="Pā">pā</a> (fortified settlements) by Māori due to the strategic advantage their elevation provided in controlling resources and key <a href="/wiki/Portages" class="mw-redirect" title="Portages">portages</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau</a> harbours.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayward_(2019)-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rich volcanic soils found in these areas also proved ideal for the cultivation of crops, such as <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato#Oceania" title="Sweet potato">kūmara</a>. Following European arrival, many of the maunga were transformed into quarries to supply the growing city with aggregate and building materials, and as a result were severely damaged or entirely destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayward_(2019)-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of the smaller maar craters and tuff rings were also removed during earthworks. Most of the remaining volcanic centres are now preserved within recreational reserves administered by <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABpuna_Maunga_o_T%C4%81maki_Makaurau" title="Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau">Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Auckland" title="Demographics of Auckland">Demographics of Auckland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/220px-Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/330px-Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/440px-Auckland_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2693" data-file-height="2057" /></a><figcaption>Auckland population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The Auckland urban area, as defined by Statistics New Zealand, covers 605.67 km<sup>2</sup> (233.85 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Area_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The urban area has an estimated population of 1,531,400 as of June 2024, 28.7 percent of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">New Zealand's population</a>. The city has a population larger than the entire <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> (1,260,000).<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,223,541</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,345,833</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,402,275</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.83%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The urban area had a population of 1,402,275 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 56,442 people (4.2%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 178,734 people (14.6%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 692,490 males, 704,607 females and 5,178 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 454,239 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4.9% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median age was 35.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 270,384 people (19.3%) aged under 15 years, 307,065 (21.9%) aged 15 to 29, 651,645 (46.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 173,178 (12.3%) aged 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 290,814 (25.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 464,022 (41.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 298,851 (26.4%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $44,600, compared with $41,500 nationally. 160,164 people (14.2%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 605,601 (53.5%) people were employed full-time, 132,180 (11.7%) were part-time, and 39,441 (3.5%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture_and_identity">Culture and identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture and identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lion dancers wearing bright red and yellow costumes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg/170px-Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg/255px-Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg/340px-Lion_dancers_at_the_Auckland_lantern_festival_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1823" data-file-height="2301" /></a><figcaption>Asians are Auckland's fastest growing ethnic group. Here, <a href="/wiki/Lion_dance" title="Lion dance">lion dancers</a> perform at the Auckland <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Festival" title="Lantern Festival">Lantern Festival</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Many ethnic groups</a>, since the late 20th century, have had an increasing presence in Auckland, making it by far the country's most <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> city. Historically, Auckland's population has been of majority <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> origin, though the proportion of those of Asian or other non-European origins has increased in recent decades due to the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">removal of restrictions directly or indirectly based on race</a>. Europeans continue to make up the plurality of the city's population, but no longer constitute a majority after decreasing in proportion from 54.6% to 48.1% between the 2013 and 2018 censuses. <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asians</a> now form the second-largest ethnic group, making up nearly one-third of the population. Auckland is home to the largest ethnic <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> population of any city in the world, with a sizeable population of <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islanders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>) and indigenous <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAROUND_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAROUND-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2023 census, where people could identify as more than one ethnicity, the results were 44.0% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 12.2% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 18.7% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 34.9% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 2.9% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 91.5%, Māori language by 2.7%, Samoan by 5.3% and other languages by 32.0%. No language could be spoken by 2.4% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 44.9, compared with 28.8% nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 census</a> the Pasifika population formed the majority in the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Māngere-Ōtāhuhu">Māngere-Ōtāhuhu local board area</a> and the plurality in the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctara-Papatoetoe" title="Ōtara-Papatoetoe">Ōtara-Papatoetoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(local_board_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manurewa (local board area)">Manurewa</a> local board areas. The Asian population formed the majority in the <a href="/wiki/Howick_(local_board_area)" title="Howick (local board area)">Howick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puket%C4%81papa_(local_board_area)" title="Puketāpapa (local board area)">Puketāpapa</a> local board areas and the plurality in the <a href="/wiki/Whau_(local_board_area)" title="Whau (local board area)">Whau</a> local board area. Europeans formed the plurality in the <a href="/wiki/Henderson-Massey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henderson-Massey">Henderson-Massey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie-T%C4%81maki" title="Maungakiekie-Tāmaki">Maungakiekie-Tāmaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papakura_(local_board_area)" title="Papakura (local board area)">Papakura</a> local board areas, and formed the majority in the remaining 11 local board areas. Māori did not form a majority or plurality in any local board area but are in the highest concentrations in the Manurewa and Papakura local board areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigration to New Zealand is heavily concentrated towards Auckland (partly for job market reasons). This strong focus on Auckland has led the immigration services to award extra points towards immigration visa requirements for people intending to move to other parts of New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigration from overseas into Auckland is partially offset by the net emigration of people from Auckland to other regions of New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 and 2022, Auckland recorded its only decreases in population, primarily due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and the associated lack of international migration.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg/220px-St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg/330px-St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg/440px-St_Matthew_In_The_City_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew%27s,_Auckland" class="mw-redirect" title="St Matthew's, Auckland">St Matthew-in-the-City</a>, a historic <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> church in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the 2018 Census, in the local board areas of Upper Harbour, Waitematā, Puketāpapa and Howick, overseas-born residents outnumbered those born in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats_culture_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats_culture-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common birthplaces of overseas-born residents were mainland China (6.2%), India (4.6%), England (4.4%), Fiji (2.9%), Samoa (2.5%), South Africa (2.4%), Philippines (2.0%), Australia (1.4%), South Korea (1.4%), and Tonga (1.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study from 2016 showed Auckland has the fourth largest <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born" title="Foreign born">foreign-born</a> population in the world, only behind <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, Toronto and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, with 39% of its residents born overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Religious affiliations in the 2023 census were 35.7% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 6.1% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 3.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 2.1% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 2.8% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 42.7%, and 6.0% of people did not answer the census question.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1062633282">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .content .thumb>div:not(.thumbinner){display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;flex-direction:column}}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output div.thumb>div:not(.thumbinner){font-size:94%;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;min-width:100px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.thumb>div:not(.thumbinner){margin:0 auto;max-width:100%!important}</style> </p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div style="display:table;"> <span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png" class="mw-file-description" title="This map of the Auckland region emphasises areas with the highest residential population density."><img alt="This map of the Auckland region emphasises areas with the highest residential population density." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png/350px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png/525px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png/700px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Auckland_City.png 2x" data-file-width="4559" data-file-height="4905" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom;box-sizing:border-box;">This map of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a> emphasises areas with the highest residential population density. </div> </div> </div> <p>Recent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="How recent? "Recent" shouild never be used in this context, a specific timeframe should be used (October 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> immigration from Asia has added to the religious diversity of the city, increasing the number of people affiliating with <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, although there are no figures on religious attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a small, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">long-established</a> Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_growth">Future growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Future growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Auckland#Future_growth" title="Demographics of Auckland">Demographics of Auckland § Future growth</a></div> <p>Auckland is experiencing substantial population growth via immigration (two-thirds of growth) and natural population increases (one-third),<sup id="cite_ref-ouraucklandgovtnz_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ouraucklandgovtnz-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is set to grow to an estimated 1.9 million inhabitants by 2031<sup id="cite_ref-ARCGRO_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARCGRO-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-STATSNZPOP_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STATSNZPOP-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a medium-variant scenario. This substantial increase in population will have a huge impact on transport, housing and other infrastructure that are, particularly in the case of housing, that are considered to be under pressure already. The high-variant scenario shows the region's population growing to over two million by 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This data comes from 2008 to 2015, which is very old for growth predictions (October 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In July 2016, Auckland Council released, as the outcome of a three-year study and public hearings, its Unitary Plan for Auckland. The plan aims to free up to 30 percent more land for housing and allows for greater intensification of the existing urban area, creating 422,000 new dwellings in the next 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_lifestyle">Culture and lifestyle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture and lifestyle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Auckland" title="Culture of Auckland">Culture of Auckland</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulcan_Lane,_Auckland,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vulcan_Lane%2C_Auckland%2C_2012.jpg/220px-Vulcan_Lane%2C_Auckland%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vulcan_Lane%2C_Auckland%2C_2012.jpg/330px-Vulcan_Lane%2C_Auckland%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vulcan_Lane%2C_Auckland%2C_2012.jpg/440px-Vulcan_Lane%2C_Auckland%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrians on Vulcan Lane in the CBD</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Rainbows_End_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rainbow%27s_End_(theme_park)" title="Rainbow's End (theme park)">Rainbow's End</a> is the largest theme park in New Zealand located in <a href="/wiki/South_Auckland" title="South Auckland">South Auckland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Positive aspects of Auckland life are its mild climate, plentiful employment and educational opportunities, as well as numerous leisure facilities. Meanwhile, traffic problems, the lack of good public transport, and increasing housing costs have been cited by many Aucklanders as among the strongest negative factors of living there,<sup id="cite_ref-criticisms_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criticisms-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with crime that has been rising in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, Auckland ranked third in a survey of the quality of life of 215 major cities of the world (2015 data).<sup id="cite_ref-top_cities_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-top_cities-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure">Leisure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg/240px-Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg/360px-Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg/480px-Two_sailboats_on_the_main_Takapuna_boat_ramp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3049" data-file-height="1685" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sailboats at <a href="/wiki/Takapuna" title="Takapuna">Takapuna</a> Beach on the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_City" title="North Shore City">North Shore</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland,_New_Zealand,_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Auckland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/240px-Auckland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Auckland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/360px-Auckland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Auckland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/480px-Auckland%2C_New_Zealand%2C_11_Nov._2010_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Yachts docked in <a href="/wiki/Westhaven_Marina" title="Westhaven Marina">Westhaven Marina</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>One of Auckland's nicknames, the "City of Sails", is derived from the popularity of sailing in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-City_of_Sails_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City_of_Sails-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 135,000 <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yachts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launches</a> are registered in Auckland, and around 60,500 of the country's 149,900 registered yachtsmen are from Auckland,<sup id="cite_ref-Heraldyacht_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heraldyacht-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with about one in three Auckland households owning a boat.<sup id="cite_ref-LIVINGGULF_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIVINGGULF-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Viaduct_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaduct Basin">Viaduct Basin</a>, on the western edge of the CBD, hosted three <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> challenges (<a href="/wiki/2000_America%27s_Cup" title="2000 America's Cup">2000 Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_America%27s_Cup" title="2003 America's Cup">2003 Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_America%27s_Cup" title="2021 America's Cup">2021 Cup</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a> is home to several notable yacht clubs and marinas, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Yacht_Squadron" title="Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron">Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westhaven_Marina" title="Westhaven Marina">Westhaven Marina</a>, the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heraldyacht_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heraldyacht-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Waitematā Harbour has several swimming beaches, including <a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay,_New_Zealand" title="Mission Bay, New Zealand">Mission Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kohimarama" title="Kohimarama">Kohimarama</a> on the south side of the harbour, and Stanley Bay on the north side. On the eastern coastline of the North Shore, where the Rangitoto Channel divides the inner Hauraki Gulf islands from the mainland, there are popular swimming beaches at Cheltenham and Narrow Neck in <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_New_Zealand" title="Devonport, New Zealand">Devonport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takapuna" title="Takapuna">Takapuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milford,_New_Zealand" title="Milford, New Zealand">Milford</a>, and the various beaches further north in the area known as East Coast Bays.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The west coast has popular surf beaches such as <a href="/wiki/Piha" title="Piha">Piha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muriwai" title="Muriwai">Muriwai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Te_Henga_(Bethells_Beach)" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Henga (Bethells Beach)">Te Henga (Bethells Beach)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Whangaparaoa_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Whangaparaoa Peninsula">Whangaparāoa Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orewa" title="Orewa">Orewa</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmaha" title="Ōmaha">Ōmaha</a> and <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81kiri" title="Pākiri">Pākiri</a>, to the north of the main urban area, are also nearby. Many Auckland beaches are patrolled by <a href="/wiki/Surf_lifesaving" title="Surf lifesaving">surf lifesaving</a> clubs, such as <a href="/wiki/Piha_Surf_Life_Saving_Club" title="Piha Surf Life Saving Club">Piha Surf Life Saving Club</a> the home of <a href="/wiki/Piha_Rescue" title="Piha Rescue">Piha Rescue</a>. All surf lifesaving clubs are part of the <a href="/wiki/Surf_Life_Saving_Northern_Region" title="Surf Life Saving Northern Region">Surf Life Saving Northern Region</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street,_Auckland" title="Queen Street, Auckland">Queen Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britomart_Transport_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Britomart Transport Centre">Britomart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponsonby,_New_Zealand" title="Ponsonby, New Zealand">Ponsonby Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karangahape_Road" title="Karangahape Road">Karangahape Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_New_Zealand" title="Newmarket, New Zealand">Newmarket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parnell,_New_Zealand" title="Parnell, New Zealand">Parnell</a> are major retail areas. Major markets include those held in <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctara" title="Ōtara">Ōtara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avondale,_Auckland" title="Avondale, Auckland">Avondale</a> on weekend mornings. A number of shopping centres are located in the middle- and outer-suburbs, with <a href="/wiki/Westfield_Newmarket" title="Westfield Newmarket">Westfield Newmarket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Park" title="Sylvia Park">Sylvia Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botany_Town_Centre" title="Botany Town Centre">Botany Town Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westfield_Albany" title="Westfield Albany">Westfield Albany</a> being the largest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of arts events are held in Auckland, including the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Festival">Auckland Festival</a>, the Auckland Triennial, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_International_Comedy_Festival" title="New Zealand International Comedy Festival">New Zealand International Comedy Festival</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_International_Film_Festival" title="New Zealand International Film Festival">New Zealand International Film Festival</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Philharmonia" title="Auckland Philharmonia">Auckland Philharmonia</a> is the city and region's resident full-time symphony orchestra, performing its own series of concerts and accompanying opera and ballet. Events celebrating the city's cultural diversity include the <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a>, Polyfest, and the <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Festival" title="Lantern Festival">Auckland Lantern Festival</a>, all of which are the largest of their kind in New Zealand. Additionally, Auckland regularly hosts the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Symphony_Orchestra" title="New Zealand Symphony Orchestra">New Zealand Symphony Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Ballet" title="Royal New Zealand Ballet">Royal New Zealand Ballet</a>. Auckland is part of the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Cities_Network" title="Creative Cities Network">UNESCO Creative Cities Network</a> in the category of music.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg/220px-Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg/330px-Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg/440px-Auckland_Art_Gallery_-_Extension.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>The modern section of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Art_Gallery" title="Auckland Art Gallery">Auckland Art Gallery</a>, completed in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Important institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Art_Gallery" title="Auckland Art Gallery">Auckland Art Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">Auckland War Memorial Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Maritime_Museum" title="New Zealand Maritime Museum">New Zealand Maritime Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Bay_Navy_Museum" title="Torpedo Bay Navy Museum">National Museum of the Royal New Zealand Navy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Transport_and_Technology" title="Museum of Transport and Technology">Museum of Transport and Technology</a>. The Auckland Art Gallery is the largest stand-alone gallery in New Zealand with a collection of over 17,000 artworks, including prominent New Zealand and Pacific Island artists, as well as international painting, sculpture and print collections ranging in date from 1376 to the present day. </p><p>In 2009, the Gallery was promised a gift of fifteen works of art by New York art collectors and philanthropists <a href="/wiki/Julian_Robertson" title="Julian Robertson">Julian and Josie Robertson</a> – including well-known paintings by <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Piet Mondrian</a>. This is the largest gift ever made to an art museum in Australasia.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other important art galleries include <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_Arts_Centre_-_Ng%C4%81_Tohu_o_Uenuku" title="Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku">Mangere Arts Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tautai_Pacific_Arts_Trust" title="Tautai Pacific Arts Trust">Tautai Pacific Arts Trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Tuhi" title="Te Tuhi">Te Tuhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_Uru_Wait%C4%81kere_Contemporary_Gallery" title="Te Uru Waitākere Contemporary Gallery">Te Uru Waitākere Contemporary Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gow_Langsford_Gallery" title="Gow Langsford Gallery">Gow Langsford Gallery</a>, Michael Lett Gallery, Starkwhite, and <a href="/wiki/Bergman_Gallery" title="Bergman Gallery">Bergman Gallery</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Toi_Ora_Live_Art_Trust" title="Toi Ora Live Art Trust">Toi Ora Live Art Trust</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_nature">Parks and nature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Parks and nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Park,_Auckland,_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Albert_Park%2C_Auckland%2C_NZ.jpg/220px-Albert_Park%2C_Auckland%2C_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Albert_Park%2C_Auckland%2C_NZ.jpg/330px-Albert_Park%2C_Auckland%2C_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Albert_Park%2C_Auckland%2C_NZ.jpg/440px-Albert_Park%2C_Auckland%2C_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Auckland" title="Albert Park, Auckland">Albert Park</a> in central Auckland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg/220px-View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg/330px-View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg/440px-View_of_Auckland_from_outside_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1879" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>View from the top of <a href="/wiki/Maungawhau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maungawhau">Maungawhau / Mount Eden</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Domain" title="Auckland Domain">Auckland Domain</a> is one of the largest parks in the city. It is close to the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a> and has a good view of the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangitoto_Island" title="Rangitoto Island">Rangitoto Island</a>. Smaller parks close to the city centre are <a href="/wiki/Albert_Park,_Auckland" title="Albert Park, Auckland">Albert Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myers_Park,_Auckland" title="Myers Park, Auckland">Myers Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Park,_Auckland" title="Western Park, Auckland">Western Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Auckland" title="Victoria Park, Auckland">Victoria Park</a>. </p><p>While most volcanic cones in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_volcanic_field" title="Auckland volcanic field">Auckland volcanic field</a> have been affected by quarrying, many of the remaining cones are now within parks, and retain a more natural character than the surrounding city. Prehistoric earthworks and historic fortifications are in several of these parks, including <a href="/wiki/Mount_Eden" title="Mount Eden">Maungawhau / Mount Eden</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Head,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="North Head, New Zealand">North Head</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_Tree_Hill,_New_Zealand" title="One Tree Hill, New Zealand">Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill</a>. </p><p>Other parks around the city are in <a href="/wiki/Western_Springs_Reserve" title="Western Springs Reserve">Western Springs Reserve</a>, which has a large park bordering the <a href="/wiki/MOTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOTAT">MOTAT</a> museum and the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Zoo" title="Auckland Zoo">Auckland Zoo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Botanic_Gardens" title="Auckland Botanic Gardens">Auckland Botanic Gardens</a> are further south, in <a href="/wiki/Manurewa" title="Manurewa">Manurewa</a>. </p><p>Ferries provide transport to parks and nature reserves at <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_New_Zealand" title="Devonport, New Zealand">Devonport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Island" title="Waiheke Island">Waiheke Island</a>, Rangitoto Island and <a href="/wiki/Tiritiri_Matangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiritiri Matangi">Tiritiri Matangi</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wait%C4%81kere_Ranges" title="Waitākere Ranges">Waitākere Ranges</a> Regional Park to the west of Auckland has relatively unspoiled <a href="/wiki/The_Bush#New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bush">bush</a> territory, as do the <a href="/wiki/Hunua_Ranges" title="Hunua Ranges">Hunua Ranges</a> to the south. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_sporting_venues">Major sporting venues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Major sporting venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a>, association football (soccer) and <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a> are widely played and followed. Auckland has a considerable number of rugby union and cricket grounds, and venues for association football, netball, rugby league, basketball, hockey, ice hockey, motorsports, tennis, badminton, swimming, rowing, golf and many other sports. </p><p>There are also three <a href="/wiki/Racecourses" class="mw-redirect" title="Racecourses">racecourses</a> within the city (<a href="/wiki/Ellerslie_Racecourse" title="Ellerslie Racecourse">Ellerslie</a> and Avondale for thoroughbred racing, and <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Park,_Auckland" title="Alexandra Park, Auckland">Alexandra Park</a> for <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a>). A fourth racecourse is located at <a href="/wiki/Pukekohe_Park_Raceway" title="Pukekohe Park Raceway">Pukekohe</a>, straddling the boundary between Auckland and the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a> region. <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing" title="Greyhound racing">Greyhound racing</a> is held at Manukau Stadium. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Park" title="Eden Park">Eden Park</a> is the city's primary stadium and a frequent home for international <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> matches, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a> matches where the <a href="/wiki/Blues_(Super_Rugby)" title="Blues (Super Rugby)">Blues</a> play their home games. It is also the home ground of <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Rugby Football Union">Auckland</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mitre_10_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre 10 Cup">Mitre 10 Cup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Aces" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Aces">Auckland</a> in domestic cricket. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg/220px-Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg/330px-Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg/440px-Eden_Park_with_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eden_Park" title="Eden Park">Eden Park</a> stadium with statue of <i>Rongomātāne</i></figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt_Smart_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt Smart Stadium">Mt Smart Stadium</a> is used mainly for <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">football</a> matches and is home to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Warriors" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Warriors">New Zealand Warriors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NRL" class="mw-redirect" title="NRL">NRL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auckland_FC" title="Auckland FC">Auckland FC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/A-League_Men" title="A-League Men">A-League</a>, and is also used for concerts, previously hosting the Auckland leg of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Day_Out" title="Big Day Out">Big Day Out</a> music festival every January as well as the <a href="/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games" title="1990 Commonwealth Games">1990 Commonwealth Games</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Harbour_Stadium" title="North Harbour Stadium">North Harbour Stadium</a> is mainly used for <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football (soccer)</a> matches, but is also used for concerts. It is the home ground for <a href="/wiki/North_Harbour_Rugby_Union" title="North Harbour Rugby Union">North Harbour</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bunnings_NPC" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunnings NPC">Mitre 10 Cup</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASB_Tennis_Centre" title="ASB Tennis Centre">ASB Tennis Centre</a> is Auckland's primary tennis venue, hosting international tournaments for men and women (<a href="/wiki/WTA_Auckland_Open" title="WTA Auckland Open">ASB Classic</a>) in January each year. ASB Bank took over the sponsorship of the men's tournament from 2016, the event formerly being known as the <a href="/wiki/Heineken_Open_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heineken Open (tennis)">Heineken Open</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Arena" title="Spark Arena">Spark Arena</a>, previously known as Vector Arena, is an indoor auditorium primarily used for concerts and is the home of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Breakers" title="New Zealand Breakers">New Zealand Breakers</a> basketball team. It also hosts international <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusts_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusts Arena">Trusts Arena</a> is an indoor venue which primarily hosts netball matches, and is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mystics" title="Northern Mystics">Northern Mystics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Premiership" title="ANZ Premiership">ANZ Premiership</a>. It is also where the <a href="/wiki/2007_World_Netball_Championships" title="2007 World Netball Championships">2007 World Netball Championships</a> were held. Since 2015, an annual event on the <a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Darts_(tour)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Series of Darts (tour)">World Series of Darts</a> has been held there.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Events_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="North Shore Events Centre">North Shore Events Centre</a> is an indoor arena which is used for a variety of sporting events, as well as concerts and expos. It was formerly home to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Breakers" title="New Zealand Breakers">New Zealand Breakers</a> and hosted much of the <a href="/wiki/2009_FIBA_Under-19_World_Championship" title="2009 FIBA Under-19 World Championship">2009 FIBA Under-19 World Championship</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Events_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Events Centre">Vodafone Events Centre</a> is an indoor arena which hosts a variety of events, and is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Stars" title="Northern Stars">Northern Stars</a> netball team of the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Premiership" title="ANZ Premiership">ANZ Premiership</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukekohe_Park_Raceway" title="Pukekohe Park Raceway">Pukekohe Park Raceway</a> is a thoroughbred horse-racing venue that used to host a leg of the <a href="/wiki/V8_Supercars" class="mw-redirect" title="V8 Supercars">V8 Supercars</a> series annually, along with other motorsports events. The most important horse-racing meeting is held annually at the end of November, featuring the Group 2 Counties Cup and three other stakes races.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Springs_Stadium" title="Western Springs Stadium">Western Springs Stadium</a> has since 1929 hosted <a href="/wiki/Dirt_track_racing_in_New_Zealand" title="Dirt track racing in New Zealand">speedway racing</a> during the summer. It also hosts concerts, with many of New Zealand's largest-ever concerts having taken place at the stadium. It is also the home of <a href="/wiki/Ponsonby_RFC" title="Ponsonby RFC">Ponsonby RFC</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_teams">Major teams</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Major teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sporting teams based in Auckland who compete in national or transnational competitions are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Formerly Auckland Blues, the <a href="/wiki/Blues_(Super_Rugby)" title="Blues (Super Rugby)">Blues</a> compete in <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a>. Auckland is also home to three <a href="/wiki/Mitre_10_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitre 10 Cup">Mitre 10 Cup</a> rugby union teams: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Rugby Football Union">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Harbour_Rugby_Union" title="North Harbour Rugby Union">North Harbour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_Manukau_Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties Manukau Rugby Union">Counties Manukau</a>.</li> <li>Previously Auckland Warriors, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Warriors" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Warriors">New Zealand Warriors</a> are a team in Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League" title="National Rugby League">National Rugby League</a> competition. They play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Mt_Smart_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt Smart Stadium">Mt Smart Stadium</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Akarana_Falcons" class="mw-redirect" title="Akarana Falcons">Akarana Falcons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_Manukau_rugby_league_team" title="Counties Manukau rugby league team">Counties Manukau</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/NZRL_Men%27s_National_Competition" class="mw-redirect" title="NZRL Men's National Competition">National Competition</a>.</li> <li>Auckland's men's first class cricket team, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Aces" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Aces">Auckland Aces</a>, play their home matches at <a href="/wiki/Eden_Park" title="Eden Park">Eden Park</a>, generally on the outer oval. The women's team, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Hearts" title="Auckland Hearts">Auckland Hearts</a>, play at Melville Park in <a href="/wiki/Epsom,_New_Zealand" title="Epsom, New Zealand">Epsom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_FC" title="Auckland FC">Auckland FC</a> are a professional football club that compete in the <a href="/wiki/A-League_Men" title="A-League Men">A-League Men</a> competition, and will join <a href="/wiki/A-League_Women" title="A-League Women">A-League Women</a> in the 2025–26 season. The football club play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Mt_Smart_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt Smart Stadium">Mt Smart Stadium</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_FC" title="Auckland City FC">Auckland City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_United_FC" title="Auckland United FC">Auckland United</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_AFC" title="Eastern Suburbs AFC">Eastern Suburbs</a> are football teams play in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(New_Zealand)" title="Northern League (New Zealand)">Northern League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mystics" title="Northern Mystics">Northern Mystics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Stars" title="Northern Stars">Northern Stars</a> are netball teams who compete in the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Premiership" title="ANZ Premiership">ANZ Premiership</a>. The Mystics play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Trusts_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusts Stadium">Trusts Stadium</a> and the Stars at the <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Events_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Events Centre">Vodafone Events Centre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Breakers" title="New Zealand Breakers">New Zealand Breakers</a> are a basketball team who compete in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Basketball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National Basketball League">Australian National Basketball League</a> and play their home games primarily at <a href="/wiki/Spark_Arena" title="Spark Arena">Spark Arena</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Tuatara_(basketball)" title="Auckland Tuatara (basketball)">Auckland Tuatara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Bulls" title="Franklin Bulls">Franklin Bulls</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Basketball_League" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand National Basketball League">New Zealand National Basketball League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany_Swarm" title="Botany Swarm">Botany Swarm</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Auckland_Admirals" title="West Auckland Admirals">West Auckland Admirals</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Ice_Hockey_League" title="New Zealand Ice Hockey League">New Zealand Ice Hockey League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Tuatara_(baseball)" title="Auckland Tuatara (baseball)">Auckland Tuatara</a> had previously competed in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_events">Major events</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Major events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annual sporting events held in Auckland include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open" title="ATP Auckland Open">ATP Auckland Open</a> and the <a href="/wiki/WTA_Auckland_Open" title="WTA Auckland Open">WTA Auckland Open</a> (both known for sponsorship reasons as the ASB Classic), are men's and women's tennis tournaments, respectively, which are held annually at the <a href="/wiki/ASB_Tennis_Centre" title="ASB Tennis Centre">ASB Tennis Centre</a> in January. The men's tournament has been held since 1956, and the women's tournament since 1986.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Super400" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Super400">Auckland Super400</a> (known for sponsorship reasons as the ITM Auckland Super 400) was a <a href="/wiki/Supercars_Championship" title="Supercars Championship">Supercars Championship</a> race held at <a href="/wiki/Pukekohe_Park_Raceway" title="Pukekohe Park Raceway">Pukekohe Park Raceway</a>. The race has been held intermittently since 1996</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Marathon" title="Auckland Marathon">Auckland Marathon</a> (and half-marathon) is an annual <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a>. It is the largest marathon in New Zealand and draws in the vicinity of 15,000 entrants. It has been held annually since 1992.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Anniversary_Regatta" title="Auckland Anniversary Regatta">Auckland Anniversary Regatta</a> is a sailing regatta which has been held annually since 1840, the year of Auckland's founding. It is held over <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Anniversary" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Anniversary">Auckland Anniversary</a> weekend and attracts several hundred entrants each year. It is the largest such regatta, and the oldest sporting event, in New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Cup_Week" title="Auckland Cup Week">Auckland Cup Week</a> is an annual <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> carnival, which has been held in early March since its inception in 2006. It is the richest such carnival in New Zealand, and incorporates several of New Zealand's major thoroughbred horse races, including the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Cup" title="Auckland Cup">Auckland Cup</a>, held since 1874, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Derby" title="New Zealand Derby">New Zealand Derby</a>, held since 1875.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Crossing_Swim" title="Auckland Harbour Crossing Swim">Auckland Harbour Crossing Swim</a> is an annual summer swimming event. The swim crosses the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a>, from the North Shore to the <a href="/wiki/Viaduct_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaduct Basin">Viaduct Basin</a> covering 2.8 km (often with some considerable counter-currents). The event has been held since 2004 and attracts over a thousand mostly amateur entrants each year, making it New Zealand's largest ocean swim.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Round the Bays is an annual <a href="/wiki/Road_running" title="Road running">fun-run</a>. The course travels eastwards along the Auckland waterfront, with the run starting in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">CBD</a> and ending in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Heliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Heliers">St Heliers</a>, the total length being 8.4 km (5.2 mi). It is the largest fun-run in New Zealand and attracts tens of thousands of entrants each year, with the number of entrants reported to have peaked at 80,000 in 1982. It has been held annually since <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1970s" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">1972</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Major events previously held in Auckland include the <a href="/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games" title="1950 British Empire Games">1950 British Empire Games</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games" title="1990 Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games in 1990</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DOING_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOING-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a number of matches (including the semi-finals and the final) of the <a href="/wiki/1987_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1987 Rugby World Cup">1987 Rugby World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Rugby_World_Cup" title="2011 Rugby World Cup">2011 Rugby World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland hosted the <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Cup" title="Louis Vuitton Cup">Louis Vuitton Cup</a> in 2000, 2003, and 2021. The <a href="/wiki/2007_World_Netball_Championships" title="2007 World Netball Championships">2007 World Netball Championships</a> were held at the <a href="/wiki/Trusts_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusts Stadium">Trusts Stadium</a>. The <a href="/wiki/ITU_World_Triathlon_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU World Triathlon Series">ITU World Triathlon Series</a> held a Grand Final event in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a> from 2012 until 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/NRL_Auckland_Nines" class="mw-redirect" title="NRL Auckland Nines">NRL Auckland Nines</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">rugby league nines</a> preseason competition played at <a href="/wiki/Eden_Park" title="Eden Park">Eden Park</a> from 2014 to 2017. The 2017 <a href="/wiki/World_Masters_Games" title="World Masters Games">World Masters Games</a> were held at a number of venues around Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Auckland Darts Masters was held annually at <a href="/wiki/The_Trusts_Arena" title="The Trusts Arena">The Trusts Arena</a> from 2015 to 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landmark_House,_Auckland_222.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Landmark_House%2C_Auckland_222.JPG/170px-Landmark_House%2C_Auckland_222.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Landmark_House%2C_Auckland_222.JPG/255px-Landmark_House%2C_Auckland_222.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Landmark_House%2C_Auckland_222.JPG/340px-Landmark_House%2C_Auckland_222.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Landmark House</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_category_1_historic_places_in_Auckland" title="List of category 1 historic places in Auckland">List of category 1 historic places in Auckland</a></div> <p>Auckland comprises a diversity of architectural styles owing to its early beginnings as a settlement, to the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> era right through to the contemporary era of the late 20th century. The city has legislation in effect to protect the remaining heritage, with the key piece of legislation being the Resource Management Act of 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prepared under this legislation is the Auckland Unitary Plan, which indicates how land can be used or developed. Prominent historic buildings in Auckland include the <a href="/wiki/Dilworth_Building" title="Dilworth Building">Dilworth Building</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Ferry_Terminal" title="Auckland Ferry Terminal">Auckland Ferry Terminal</a>, Guardian Trust Building, Old Customs House, Landmark House, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall" title="Auckland Town Hall">Auckland Town Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Britomart_Transport_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Britomart Transport Centre">Britomart Transport Centre</a>–many of these are located on the main thoroughfare of Queen Street.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Auckland" title="Special:EditPage/Auckland">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Auckland" title="Talk:Auckland">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_skyline_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Auckland_skyline_1.jpg/220px-Auckland_skyline_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Auckland_skyline_1.jpg/330px-Auckland_skyline_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Auckland_skyline_1.jpg/440px-Auckland_skyline_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The twin towers of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="National Bank of New Zealand">National Bank</a> Centre are among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Auckland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Auckland">tallest buildings in Auckland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1891 the three main items exported from Auckland's port were: <a href="/wiki/Kauri_gum" title="Kauri gum">kauri gum</a>, gold, and wool. These exports were collectively worth almost a million pounds.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auckland is the major economic and financial centre of New Zealand. It has an advanced <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> with strengths in finance, commerce, and tourism. Most major international corporations have an Auckland office; the most expensive office space is around lower <a href="/wiki/Queen_Street,_Auckland" title="Queen Street, Auckland">Queen Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Viaduct_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaduct Basin">Viaduct Basin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a>, where many financial and business services are located, which constitute a large percentage of the CBD economy.<sup id="cite_ref-GLANCE_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLANCE-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest commercial and industrial areas of the Auckland region are Auckland CBD and the western parts of <a href="/wiki/Manukau" title="Manukau">Manukau</a>, mostly bordering the <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Harbour" title="Manukau Harbour">Manukau Harbour</a> and the <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_River" title="Tāmaki River">Tāmaki River</a> estuary. </p><p>Auckland is classified by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a> as a Beta + <a href="/wiki/World_City" class="mw-redirect" title="World City">World City</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of its importance in commerce, <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>, and education. </p><p>According to the 2013 census, the primary employment industries of Auckland residents are professional, scientific and technical services (11.4 percent), manufacturing (9.9 percent), retail trade (9.7 percent), health care and social assistance (9.1 percent), and education and training (8.3 percent). Manufacturing is the largest employer in the Henderson-Massey, Howick, Māngere-Ōtāhuhu, Ōtara-Papatoetoe, Manurewa and Papakura local board areas, retail trade is the largest employer in the Whau local board area, while professional, scientific and technical services are the largest employer in the remaining urban local board areas.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The sub-national GDP of the Auckland region was estimated at NZ$143 billion in 2023, almost 40 percent of New Zealand's national GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The per-capita GDP of Auckland was estimated at $86,734, the second-highest in the country after the Wellington region, and above the national average of $75,311.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AucklandSkyline3Frames4v102.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Auckland CBD from North Shore. The skyline is dominated by the Sky Tower."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/AucklandSkyline3Frames4v102.jpg/800px-AucklandSkyline3Frames4v102.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/AucklandSkyline3Frames4v102.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:AucklandSkyline3Frames4v102.jpg" title="File:AucklandSkyline3Frames4v102.jpg"> </a></div>View of <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">Auckland CBD</a> from <a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_Auckland" class="mw-redirect" title="North Shore, Auckland">North Shore</a>. The skyline is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Sky_Tower_(Auckland)" title="Sky Tower (Auckland)">Sky Tower</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Housing">Housing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing in New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg/220px-Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg/330px-Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg/440px-Terrace_Houses_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terraced_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraced housing">Terraced housing</a> built in 1897 as residential buildings and associated place houses for <a href="/wiki/John_Endean" title="John Endean">John Endean</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Housing varies considerably between some suburbs having <a href="/wiki/State_housing_in_New_Zealand" title="State housing in New Zealand">state owned housing</a> in the lower income neighbourhoods, to palatial waterfront estates, especially in areas close to the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Harbour" title="Waitematā Harbour">Waitematā Harbour</a>. Traditionally, the most common residence of Aucklanders was a standalone dwelling on a '<a href="/wiki/Quarter_acre" title="Quarter acre">quarter acre</a>' (1,000 m<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-ARCGRO_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARCGRO-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, subdividing such properties with 'infill housing' has long been the norm. Auckland's housing stock has become more diverse in recent decades, with many more apartments being built since the 1970s, particularly since the 1990s in the CBD.<sup id="cite_ref-DBHreport_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBHreport-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the majority of Aucklanders live in single dwelling housing and are expected to continue to do so, even with most of future urban growth being through intensification.<sup id="cite_ref-ARCGRO_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARCGRO-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auckland's housing is amongst the least affordable in the world, based on comparing average house prices with average household income levels<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and house prices have grown way well above the rate of inflation in recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-DBHreport_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBHreport-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2022, the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand (REINZ) reported the median house price in the Auckland region was $1,100,000, ranging from $900,000 in the former Papakura District area to $1,285,000 in the former North Shore City area, This is compared to a median price of $700,000 outside of Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is significant public debate around why Auckland's housing is so expensive, often referring to a lack of land supply,<sup id="cite_ref-DBHreport_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBHreport-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the easy availability of credit for residential investment<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Auckland's high level of liveability. </p><p>In some areas, the Victorian <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villas</a> have been torn down to make way for redevelopment. The demolition of the older houses is being combated through increased heritage protection for older parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland has been described as having 'the most extensive range of timbered housing with its classical details and mouldings in the world', many of them built in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing_crisis">Housing crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Housing crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_property_bubble" title="New Zealand property bubble">New Zealand property bubble</a></div> <p>In the lead-up to 2010, a housing crisis began in Auckland, with the market not being able to sustain the demand for affordable homes. The Housing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013 mandated that a minimum of 10 percent of new builds in certain housing areas be subsidised to make them affordable for buyers who had incomes on par with the national average. In a new subdivision at <a href="/wiki/Hobsonville" title="Hobsonville">Hobsonville Point</a>, 20 percent of new homes were reduced to below $550,000.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the demand for new housing at this time was attributed to the 43,000 people who moved into Auckland between June 2014 and June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-ouraucklandgovtnz_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ouraucklandgovtnz-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research has found that Auckland is set to become even more densely populated in future which could ease the burden by creating higher density housing in the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From around November 2021 to May 2022, house prices dropped 11.68%.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has continued to fall since due to inflation, bank interest rates, and a variety of other factors.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local">Local</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Local"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Auckland region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Auckland" title="Mayor of Auckland">Mayor of Auckland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg/220px-Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg/330px-Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg/440px-Aucklandtownhallnight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Town_Hall" title="Auckland Town Hall">Auckland Town Hall</a> entrance on <a href="/wiki/Queen_Street,_Auckland" title="Queen Street, Auckland">Queen Street</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1851 Auckland was constituted as an independent borough, the first in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 78">: 78 </span></sup> On 24 April 1871 the borough became a city under <i>The Municipal Corporations Act, 1867</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-barr_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barr-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 80">: 80 </span></sup> </p><p>The Auckland Council is the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">local authority</a> with jurisdiction over the city of Auckland, along with surrounding rural areas, parkland, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1989 to 2010, Auckland was governed by several city and district councils, with regional oversight by <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Council" title="Auckland Regional Council">Auckland Regional Council</a>. In the late 2000s, New Zealand's central government and parts of Auckland's society felt that this large number of councils, and the lack of strong regional government (with the Auckland Regional Council having only limited powers), were hindering Auckland's progress.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Auckland_Governance" title="Royal Commission on Auckland Governance">Royal Commission on Auckland Governance</a> was set up in 2007;<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2009, it recommended a unified local governance structure for Auckland by amalgamating the councils.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government subsequently announced that a "super city" would be set up with a single mayor by the time of New Zealand's local body elections in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2010, <a href="/wiki/Manukau_City" title="Manukau City">Manukau City</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Len_Brown" title="Len Brown">Len Brown</a> was elected mayor of the amalgamated <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a>. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Auckland_mayoral_election" title="2016 Auckland mayoral election">2016 mayoral election</a>, and was succeeded by successful candidate <a href="/wiki/Phil_Goff" title="Phil Goff">Phil Goff</a> in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty councillors comprise the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National">National</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg/220px-Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg/330px-Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg/440px-Old_Government_House_in_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Auckland" title="Old Government House, Auckland">Old Government House</a>, former residence of the Governor</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1842 and 1865, Auckland was the capital city of New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliament met in what is now <a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Auckland" title="Old Government House, Auckland">Old Government House</a> on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>'s City campus. The capital was moved to the more centrally located <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> in 1865.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Auckland, because of its large population, is covered by 23 general electorates and three <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each returning one member to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">New Zealand House of Representatives</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a> holds 14 general electorates, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a> six, <a href="/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand" title="ACT New Zealand">ACT</a> two and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Greens</a> one. The three Māori electorates are held by <a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%81ti_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Pāti Māori">Te Pāti Māori</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The administrative offices of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Politics of the Pitcairn Islands">Government of the Pitcairn Islands</a> are situated in Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg/170px-University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg/255px-University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg/340px-University_of_Auckland_Clock_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a> clock tower building is a 'Category I' historic place, completed in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary">Primary and secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Auckland_region" title="List of schools in the Auckland region">List of schools in the Auckland region</a></div> <p>The Auckland urban area has 340 primary schools, 80 secondary schools, and 29 composite (primary/secondary combined) schools as of February 2012, catering for nearly a quarter of a million students. The majority are state schools, but 63 schools are state-integrated and 39 are private.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is home to some of the largest schools in terms of students in New Zealand, including <a href="/wiki/Mount_Albert_Grammar_School" title="Mount Albert Grammar School">Mt Albert Grammar School</a>, the second-largest school in New Zealand with a student population of 3035,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Rangitoto_College" title="Rangitoto College">Rangitoto College</a> in the East Coast Bays area, the largest school in New Zealand with 3,801 students as of November 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_school_roll_data_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_school_roll_data-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary">Tertiary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tertiary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education_in_New_Zealand" title="Tertiary education in New Zealand">Tertiary education in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Auckland has some of the largest universities in the country. Five of New Zealand's eight universities have campuses in Auckland, as well as eight of New Zealand's fifteen polytechnics. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_of_Technology" title="Auckland University of Technology">Auckland University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manukau_Institute_of_Technology" title="Manukau Institute of Technology">Manukau Institute of Technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unitec_Institute_of_Technology" title="Unitec Institute of Technology">Unitec Institute of Technology</a> are all based in Auckland. Despite being based in other regions, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massey_University" title="Massey University">Massey University</a>, and several polytechnics have satellite campuses in Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auckland is a major centre of overseas language education, with large numbers of foreign students (particularly East Asians) coming to the city for several months or years to learn English or study at universities – although numbers New Zealand-wide have dropped substantially since peaking in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are around 50 <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Qualifications_Authority" title="New Zealand Qualifications Authority">New Zealand Qualifications Authority</a> (NZQA) certified schools and institutes teaching English in the Auckland area.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Auckland" title="Transport in Auckland">Transport in Auckland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Auckland" title="Public transport in Auckland">Public transport in Auckland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg/220px-Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg/330px-Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg/440px-Britomart_Outside_Facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Railway lines serve the western, southern and eastern parts of the city from the <a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitematā railway station">Waitematā railway station</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_state_highway_network" title="New Zealand state highway network">State Highway network</a> connects the different parts of Auckland, with <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 1 (New Zealand)">State Highway 1</a> being the major north–south thoroughfare through the city (including both the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Northern_Motorway" title="Auckland Northern Motorway">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Southern_Motorway" title="Auckland Southern Motorway">Southern Motorways</a>) and the main connection to the adjoining regions of <a href="/wiki/Northland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland region">Northland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Busway,_Auckland" title="Northern Busway, Auckland">Northern Busway</a> runs alongside part of the Northern Motorway on the North Shore. Other state highways within Auckland include <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_16" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 16">State Highway 16</a> (the Northwest Motorway), <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_18" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 18">State Highway 18</a> (the Upper Harbour Motorway) and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_20" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 20">State Highway 20</a> (the Southwest Motorway). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_22" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand State Highway 22">State Highway 22</a> is a non-motorway rural arterial connecting <a href="/wiki/Pukekohe" title="Pukekohe">Pukekohe</a> to the Southern Motorway at <a href="/wiki/Drury,_New_Zealand" title="Drury, New Zealand">Drury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waka_Kotahi_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waka_Kotahi-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg/280px-Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg/420px-Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg/560px-Auckland_Harbour_Bridge_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the Auckland Harbour Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Harbour_Bridge" title="Auckland Harbour Bridge">Auckland Harbour Bridge</a>, opened in 1959, is the main connection between the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_City" title="North Shore City">North Shore</a> and the rest of the Auckland region.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge provides eight lanes of vehicle traffic and has a moveable median barrier for lane flexibility, but does not provide access for rail, pedestrians or cyclists. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Motorway_Junction" title="Central Motorway Junction">Central Motorway Junction</a>, also called 'Spaghetti Junction' for its complexity, is the intersection between the two major motorways of Auckland (State Highway 1 and State Highway 16).<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two of the longest arterial roads within the Auckland region are <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Great North Road, New Zealand">Great North Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Road,_New_Zealand" title="Great South Road, New Zealand">Great South Road</a> – the main connections in those directions before the construction of the State Highway network.<sup id="cite_ref-Waka_Kotahi_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waka_Kotahi-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous arterial roads also provide regional and sub-regional connectivity, with many of these roads (especially on the isthmus) previously used to operate Auckland's <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_New_Zealand#Auckland" title="Trams in New Zealand">former tram network</a>. </p><p>Auckland has four railway lines (<a href="/wiki/Western_Line_(Auckland)" title="Western Line (Auckland)">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onehunga_Line" title="Onehunga Line">Onehunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Line_(Auckland)" title="Eastern Line (Auckland)">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Line_(Auckland)" title="Southern Line (Auckland)">Southern</a>). These lines serve the western, southern and eastern parts of Auckland from the <a href="/wiki/Britomart_Transport_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Britomart Transport Centre">Waitematā railway station</a> in downtown Auckland, the terminal station for all lines, where connections are also available to ferry and bus services. Work began in late 2015 to provide more route flexibility and connect Britomart, now named Waitematā, more directly to the western suburbs on the Western Line via an underground rail tunnel known as the <a href="/wiki/City_Rail_Link" title="City Rail Link">City Rail Link</a> project. </p><p>A plan for a <a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_Auckland" title="Light rail in Auckland">light rail network</a> was cancelled in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ_1_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ_1-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg/700px-Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg/1050px-Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg/1400px-Sunset_over_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6498" data-file-height="1857" /></a><figcaption>The Auckland City Centre skyline and Harbour Bridge at sunset</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Travel_modes">Travel modes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Travel modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg/220px-AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg/330px-AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg/440px-AMA_103_at_Puhinui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Transport" title="Auckland Transport">Auckland Transport</a> electric train</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg/220px-Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg/330px-Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg/440px-Devonport_Wharf_Kea_Ferry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ferry travel is a common type of public transport for some Auckland destinations.</div></div></div></div></div> <dl><dt>Road and rail</dt></dl> <p>Private vehicles are the main form of transportation within Auckland, with around seven percent of journeys in the Auckland region undertaken by bus in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-TRAPLAN_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRAPLAN-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two percent undertaken by train and ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-TRAPLAN_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRAPLAN-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For trips to the city centre at peak times, the use of public transport is much higher, with more than half of trips undertaken by bus, train or ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-arta.co.nz_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arta.co.nz-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Auckland ranked quite low in its use of public transport, having only 46 public transport trips per capita per year,<sup id="cite_ref-arta.co.nz_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arta.co.nz-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Wellington has almost twice this number at 91, and Sydney has 114 trips.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This strong dependence on roads results in substantial <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a> during peak times.<sup id="cite_ref-NIGHT_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIGHT-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This car reliance means 56% of the city's energy usage goes towards transportation, and CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions will increase by 20% in the next 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Muhammad_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhammad-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bus services in Auckland are mostly radial, with few cross-town routes. Late-night services (i.e. past midnight) are limited, even on weekends. A major overhaul of Auckland's bus services was implemented during 2016–18, significantly expanding the reach of frequent bus services: those that operate at least every 15 minutes during the day and early evening, every day of the week.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland is connected with other cities through bus services operated by <a href="/wiki/InterCity_(New_Zealand)" title="InterCity (New Zealand)">InterCity</a>. </p><p>Rail services operate along four lines between the CBD and the west, south and south-east of Auckland, with longer-distance trains operating to Wellington only a few times each week.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the opening of <a href="/wiki/Britomart_Transport_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Britomart Transport Centre">Waitematā railway station</a> in 2003, major investment in Auckland's rail network occurred, involving station upgrades, rolling stock refurbishment and infrastructure improvements.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rail upgrade has included <a href="/wiki/Auckland_railway_electrification" title="Auckland railway electrification">electrification of Auckland's rail network</a>, with electric trains constructed by <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_y_Auxiliar_de_Ferrocarriles" title="Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles">Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles</a> commencing service in April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of proposed projects to further extend Auckland's rail network were included in the 2012 Auckland Plan, including the <a href="/wiki/City_Rail_Link" title="City Rail Link">City Rail Link</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport_Line" title="Auckland Airport Line">Auckland Airport Line</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Avondale-Southdown_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Avondale-Southdown Line">Avondale-Southdown Line</a> and rail to the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_New_Zealand" title="North Shore, New Zealand">North Shore</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt>Other modes</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Ports_of_Auckland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of Auckland">Auckland's ports</a> are the second largest in the country, behind the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tauranga" title="Port of Tauranga">Port of Tauranga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a large part of both inbound and outbound New Zealand commerce travels through them, mostly via the facilities northeast of Auckland CBD. Freight usually arrives at or is distributed from the port via road, though the port facilities also have rail access. Auckland is a major cruise ship stopover point, with the ships usually tying up at <a href="/wiki/Princes_Wharf,_Auckland" title="Princes Wharf, Auckland">Princes Wharf</a>. Auckland CBD is connected to the coastal suburbs, to the North Shore and to outlying islands by ferry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg/220px-Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg/330px-Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg/440px-Auckland_airport_international_terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5800" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>The International Terminal at <a href="/wiki/Auckland_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland International Airport">Auckland International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Air</dt></dl> <p>Auckland has various small regional airports and <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport" title="Auckland Airport">Auckland Airport</a>, the busiest in the country. Auckland Airport, New Zealand's largest, is in the southern suburb of Māngere on the shores of the Manukau Harbour. It services both domestic and international flights.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt>Policies</dt></dl> <p>Research at <a href="/wiki/Griffith_University" title="Griffith University">Griffith University</a> has indicated that from the 1950s to the 1980s, Auckland engaged in some of the most pro-automobile transport policies anywhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-GRIFF_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIFF-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With public transport declining heavily during the second half of the 20th century (a trend mirrored in most Western countries, such as the US),<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and increased spending on roads and cars, New Zealand (and specifically Auckland) now has the second-highest vehicle ownership rate in the world, with around 578 vehicles per 1000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-vehicle_ownership_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vehicle_ownership-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auckland has also been called a very pedestrian- and cyclist-unfriendly city, though some efforts are being made to change this,<sup id="cite_ref-Big_steps_to_change_City_of_Cars_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Big_steps_to_change_City_of_Cars-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Auckland being a major participant in the government's "Urban Cycleways" initiative, and with the "SkyPath" project for a walk and cycleway on the Auckland Harbour Bridge having received Council support, and planning consent.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure_and_services">Infrastructure and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg/220px-Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg/330px-Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg/440px-Otahuhu_B_combined_cycle_turbine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otahuhu_Power_Station" title="Otahuhu Power Station">Ōtāhuhu Power Station</a>'s 404MW combined cycle turbine, known as Ōtāhuhu B, shutdown in 2015</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Vector_Limited" title="Vector Limited">Vector</a> owns and operates the majority of the distribution network in urban Auckland,<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Counties Energy owning and operating the network south of central Papakura.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is supplied from <a href="/wiki/Transpower_New_Zealand_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Transpower New Zealand Limited">Transpower</a>'s national grid from thirteen substations across the city. There are no major electricity generation stations located within the city or north of Auckland, so almost all of the electricity for Auckland and Northland must be transmitted from power stations in the south, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Huntly_Power_Station" title="Huntly Power Station">Huntly Power Station</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waikato_River" title="Waikato River">Waikato River</a> hydroelectric stations. The city had two natural gas-fired power stations (the 404 MW <a href="/wiki/Otahuhu_Power_Station" title="Otahuhu Power Station">Ōtāhuhu B</a> and the 175 MW <a href="/wiki/Southdown_Power_Station" title="Southdown Power Station">Southdown</a>), but both shut down in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been several notable power outages in Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-week-long <a href="/wiki/1998_Auckland_power_crisis" title="1998 Auckland power crisis">1998 Auckland power crisis</a> blacked out much of the CBD after a cascade failure occurred on the four main underground cables supplying the CBD.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2006_Auckland_Blackout" title="2006 Auckland Blackout">2006 Auckland Blackout</a> interrupted supply to the CBD and many inner suburbs after an earth wire shackle at Transpower's Otāhuhu substation broke and short-circuited the lines supplying the inner city. </p><p>In 2009, much of the northern and western suburbs, as well as all of <a href="/wiki/Northland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Northland region">Northland</a>, experienced a blackout when a forklift accidentally came into contact with the Ōtāhuhu to Henderson 220 kV line, the only major line supplying the region.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transpower spent $1.25 billion in the early 2010s reinforcing the supply into and across Auckland, including a <a href="/wiki/Whakamaru_to_Brownhill_Road_transmission_line" title="Whakamaru to Brownhill Road transmission line">400 kV-capable transmission line</a> from the Waikato River to Brownhill substation (operating initially at 220 kV), and 220 kV underground cables between Brownhill and Pakuranga, and between <a href="/wiki/North_Auckland_and_Northland_grid_upgrade_project" title="North Auckland and Northland grid upgrade project">Pakuranga and Albany via the CBD</a>. These reduced the Auckland region's reliance on Ōtāhuhu substation and northern and western Auckland's reliance on the Ōtāhuhu to Henderson line.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_gas">Natural gas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Natural gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Auckland was one of the original nine towns and cities in New Zealand to be supplied with natural gas when the <a href="/wiki/Kapuni" title="Kapuni">Kapuni gas field</a> entered production in 1970 and a 340 km long high-pressure pipeline from the field in Taranaki to the city was completed. Auckland was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Maui_gas_field" title="Maui gas field">Maui gas field</a> in 1982 following the completion of a high-pressure pipeline from the Maui gas pipeline near <a href="/wiki/Huntly,_New_Zealand" title="Huntly, New Zealand">Huntly</a>, via the city, to Whangārei in Northland.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The high-pressure transmission pipelines supplying the city are now owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/First_Gas" title="First Gas">First Gas</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Vector_Limited" title="Vector Limited">Vector</a> owning and operating the medium and low-pressure distribution pipelines in the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Advocates of the city sometimes like to quote <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>'s invocation its remoteness: "Last, loneliest, loveliest, exquisite, apart", from his poem "The Song of the Cities" (1893).<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Different works of <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert Heinlein</a> refer to a fictional human colony on <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> as "New Auckland".<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Auckland" title="Category:People from Auckland">People from Auckland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relationships">International relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: International relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Auckland Council engages internationally through formal sister city relationships, strategic alliances and cooperation arrangements with other cities and countries, and participation in international city networks and forums. Auckland Council maintains <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">relationships</a> with the following cities and countries.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Our_International_Partnerships_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_International_Partnerships-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, United States (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsunomiya" title="Utsunomiya">Utsunomiya</a>, Japan (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-Our_International_Partnerships_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_International_Partnerships-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>, Japan (1986)<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Australia (1988)<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China (1989)<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakogawa,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Kakogawa, Hyōgo">Kakogawa</a>, Japan (1992)<sup id="cite_ref-Our_International_Partnerships_186-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_International_Partnerships-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a>, Taiwan (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a>, China (1998)<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, China (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendship_and_Cooperation_cities">Friendship and Cooperation cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Friendship and Cooperation cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomioka,_Fukushima" title="Tomioka, Fukushima">Tomioka</a>, Japan (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinagawa" title="Shinagawa">Shinagawa</a>, Japan (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>, Ireland (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi" title="Nadi">Nadi</a>, Fiji (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohang" title="Pohang">Pohang</a>, South Korea (2008)</li> <li>Shanghai, China (2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_countries">Cooperation countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cooperation countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> (2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787">"ArcGIS Web Application"</a>. <i>statsnz.maps.arcgis.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324152440/https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com&rft.atitle=ArcGIS+Web+Application&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatsnz.maps.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2Fwebappviewer%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/">"Aotearoa Data Explorer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stats_NZ-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stats_NZ_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qem.infometrics.co.nz/auckland/indicators/gdp?compare=new-zealand">"Quarterly Economic Monitor | Auckland | Gross domestic product"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224152149/https://qem.infometrics.co.nz/auckland/indicators/gdp?compare=new-zealand">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quarterly+Economic+Monitor+%26%23124%3B+Auckland+%26%23124%3B+Gross+domestic+product&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqem.infometrics.co.nz%2Fauckland%2Findicators%2Fgdp%3Fcompare%3Dnew-zealand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeversonKennedy2005" class="citation web cs1">Deverson, Tony; Kennedy, Graeme, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0003407">"Auckland"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195584516.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558451-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558451-6"><bdi>978-0-19-558451-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121001914/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-0003407">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Oxford+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Auckland&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195584516.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-558451-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195584516.001.0001%2Fm-en_nz-msdict-00001-0003407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_008&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.1108.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to%5bTIME%5d=false&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly%5bcl%5d=CEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Auckland+%281108%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.1108.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacock2016" class="citation web cs1">Peacock, Alice (17 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/75964986/auckland-a-melting-pot---ranked-worlds-fourth-most-cosmopolitan-city">"Auckland a melting pot - ranked world's fourth most cosmopolitan city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021192405/https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/75964986/auckland-a-melting-pot---ranked-worlds-fourth-most-cosmopolitan-city">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Auckland+a+melting+pot+-+ranked+world%27s+fourth+most+cosmopolitan+city&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F75964986%2Fauckland-a-melting-pot---ranked-worlds-fourth-most-cosmopolitan-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAROUND-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAAROUND_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAAROUND_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227085220/http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/destination/content/?titleid=83&xid=idh185804920_0099">"Auckland and around"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guide</a> to New Zealand, Fifth Edition</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/destination/content/?titleid=83&xid=idh185804920_0099">the original</a> on 27 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rough+Guide+to+New+Zealand%2C+Fifth+Edition&rft.atitle=Auckland+and+around&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roughguides.com%2Fwebsite%2Ftravel%2Fdestination%2Fcontent%2F%3Ftitleid%3D83%26xid%3Didh185804920_0099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hochstetter18672-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hochstetter18672_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinand_von_Hochstetter1867" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Hochstetter" title="Ferdinand von Hochstetter">Ferdinand von Hochstetter</a> (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/1867_-_von_Hochstetter%2C_Ferdinand._New_Zealand/CHAPTER_XI%3A_The_Isthmus_of_Auckland"><i>New Zealand</i></a>. p. 243. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112062218/http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/1867_-_von_Hochstetter%2C_Ferdinand._New_Zealand/CHAPTER_XI%3A_The_Isthmus_of_Auckland">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand&rft.pages=243&rft.date=1867&rft.au=Ferdinand+von+Hochstetter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzb.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2F1867_-_von_Hochstetter%252C_Ferdinand._New_Zealand%2FCHAPTER_XI%253A_The_Isthmus_of_Auckland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret McClure, Auckland region, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/auckland-region">http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/auckland-region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032116/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/auckland-region">Archived</a> 5 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-18/melbourne27s-tallest-building-plan-gets-green-light/4578666">"Tallest building in southern hemisphere approved"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 18 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224152146/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-18/melbourne27s-tallest-building-plan-gets-green-light/4578666">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tallest+building+in+southern+hemisphere+approved&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-03-18%2Fmelbourne27s-tallest-building-plan-gets-green-light%2F4578666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporate.aucklandairport.co.nz/news/latest-media/news-articles/fy24-results-solid-performance-as-international-airlines-return-to-akl">"FY24 results: Solid performance as international airlines return to AKL"</a>. <i>AIACorporate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand&rft.pages=243&rft.date=1867&rft.au=Ferdinand+von+Hochstetter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enzb.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocument%2F1867_-_von_Hochstetter%252C_Ferdinand._New_Zealand%2FCHAPTER_XI%253A_The_Isthmus_of_Auckland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Bulmer" class="citation web cs1">Sarah Bulmer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609204236/http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/afr/projects/BOOK/Bulmer/bulmer.pdf">"<i>City without a state? Urbanisation in pre-European Taamaki-makau-rau (Auckland, New Zealand)</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/afr/projects/BOOK/Bulmer/bulmer.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+without+a+state%3F+Urbanisation+in+pre-European+Taamaki-makau-rau+%28Auckland%2C+New+Zealand%29&rft.au=Sarah+Bulmer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkeologi.uu.se%2Fafr%2Fprojects%2FBOOK%2FBulmer%2Fbulmer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiWhatua/3/en">"Ngāti Whātua – European contact"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209131234/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiWhatua/3/en">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua+%E2%80%93+European+contact&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2FNewZealanders%2FMaoriNewZealanders%2FNgatiWhatua%2F3%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_King2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_King_(historian)" title="Michael King (historian)">Michael King</a> (2003). <i>The Penguin History of New Zealand</i>. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-301867-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-301867-1"><bdi>0-14-301867-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.place=Auckland%2C+N.Z.&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-14-301867-1&rft.au=Michael+King&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/apihai-te-kawau">"Āpihai Te Kawau"</a>. <i>New Zealand History</i>. NZ Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508003439/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/apihai-te-kawau">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+History&rft.atitle=%C4%80pihai+Te+Kawau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fpeople%2Fapihai-te-kawau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apihai-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apihai_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/">"Apihai Te Kawau"</a>. Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811062406/http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apihai+Te+Kawau&rft.pub=Ng%C4%81ti+Wh%C4%81tua-o-%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngatiwhatuaorakei.com%2Fapihai-te-kawau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Values-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Values_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://at.govt.nz/media/1168412/aeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf">"Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Auckland Transport. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211224318/https://at.govt.nz/media/1168412/aeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+Values+Assessment+in+Support+of+the+Notices+of+Requirement+for+the+Proposed+City+Rail+Link+Project&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.pub=Auckland+Transport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fat.govt.nz%2Fmedia%2F1168412%2Faeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_68494556/ReportonOrakeiW.pdf">Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Orakei Claim</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report) (1991 ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: The Waitangi Tribunal. November 1987. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86472-084-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86472-084-X"><bdi>0-86472-084-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127014719/https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_68494556/ReportonOrakeiW.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Waitangi+Tribunal+on+the+Orakei+Claim&rft.place=Wellington%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=1991&rft.pub=The+Waitangi+Tribunal&rft.date=1987-11&rft.isbn=0-86472-084-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.justice.govt.nz%2Fsearch%2FDocuments%2FWT%2Fwt_DOC_68494556%2FReportonOrakeiW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSocial_and_Economic_Research_and_Monitoring_team2010" class="citation book cs1">Social and Economic Research and Monitoring team (2010). <i>Brief history of Auckland's urban form</i>. Auckland Regional Council. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877540-57-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877540-57-8"><bdi>978-1-877540-57-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brief+history+of+Auckland%27s+urban+form&rft.pub=Auckland+Regional+Council&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-877540-57-8&rft.au=Social+and+Economic+Research+and+Monitoring+team&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Stone_(historian)" title="Russell Stone (historian)">Stone, R. C. J.</a> (2001). <i>From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland</i>. Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1869402596" title="Special:BookSources/1869402596"><bdi>1869402596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Tamaki-makau-rau+to+Auckland&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1869402596&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=R.+C.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/colonial-and-provincial-government/page-4">"Colonial and provincial government - Julius Vogel and the abolition of provincial government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830142105/https://teara.govt.nz/en/colonial-and-provincial-government/page-4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Colonial+and+provincial+government+-+Julius+Vogel+and+the+abolition+of+provincial+government&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcolonial-and-provincial-government%2Fpage-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thespinoff.co.nz/auckland/25-03-2018/the-long-lost-diorama-of-auckland-which-reveals-the-city-of-1939/">"The long lost diorama of Auckland which reveals the city of 1939"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spinoff" title="The Spinoff">The Spinoff</a></i>. 25 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114358/https://thespinoff.co.nz/auckland/25-03-2018/the-long-lost-diorama-of-auckland-which-reveals-the-city-of-1939/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spinoff&rft.atitle=The+long+lost+diorama+of+Auckland+which+reveals+the+city+of+1939&rft.date=2018-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthespinoff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F25-03-2018%2Fthe-long-lost-diorama-of-auckland-which-reveals-the-city-of-1939%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/treaty/the-treaty-in-practice/slide-to-war">"Slide to war - The Treaty in practice | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"</a>. Nzhistory.net.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161024182015/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/treaty/the-treaty-in-practice/slide-to-war">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slide+to+war+-+The+Treaty+in+practice+%26%23124%3B+NZHistory%2C+New+Zealand+history+online&rft.pub=Nzhistory.net.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fpolitics%2Ftreaty%2Fthe-treaty-in-practice%2Fslide-to-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Essay_Vincent-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Essay_Vincent_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essay_Vincent_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley2016" class="citation web cs1">O'Malley, Vincent (6 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thespinoff.co.nz/society/06-12-2016/the-great-war-for-nz-broke-out-less-than-50-km-from-queen-st-vincent-omalley-on-the-waikato-war-and-the-making-of-auckland/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The great war for NZ broke out less than 50 km from Queen St': Vincent O'Malley on the Waikato War and the making of Auckland ("</a>. <i>Spinoff</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230230937/http://thespinoff.co.nz/society/06-12-2016/the-great-war-for-nz-broke-out-less-than-50-km-from-queen-st-vincent-omalley-on-the-waikato-war-and-the-making-of-auckland/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spinoff&rft.atitle=%27The+great+war+for+NZ+broke+out+less+than+50+km+from+Queen+St%27%3A+Vincent+O%27Malley+on+the+Waikato+War+and+the+making+of+Auckland+%28&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthespinoff.co.nz%2Fsociety%2F06-12-2016%2Fthe-great-war-for-nz-broke-out-less-than-50-km-from-queen-st-vincent-omalley-on-the-waikato-war-and-the-making-of-auckland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xc7GySsFuA"><i>The Aotearoa History Show Episode 4 - Te Tiriti o Waitangi</i></a>. YouTube, <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a> & <a href="/wiki/NZ_on_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="NZ on Air">NZ on Air</a>. 14 October 2019. Event occurs at 4:50 to 5:10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240408203400/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xc7GySsFuA">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Aotearoa+History+Show+Episode+4+-+Te+Tiriti+o+Waitangi&rft.pub=YouTube%2C+RNZ+%26+NZ+on+Air&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7xc7GySsFuA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlan_2050" class="citation web cs1">Plan 2050, Auckland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/plans-projects-policies-reports-bylaws/our-plans-strategies/auckland-plan/development-strategy/future-auckland/Pages/what-manukau-look-like-future.aspx">"What Manakau will look like in the future"</a>. <i>aucklandcouncil.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117014449/https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/plans-projects-policies-reports-bylaws/our-plans-strategies/auckland-plan/development-strategy/future-auckland/Pages/what-manukau-look-like-future.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+pollutants+%E2%80%93+Carbon+monoxide+%28CO%29&rft.pub=Auckland+Regional+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arc.govt.nz%2Fenvironment%2Fair-quality%2Fair-pollutants%2Fcarbon-monoxide.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arc.govt.nz/environment/air-quality/aucklands-air-quality/aucklands-air-quality_home.cfm">"Auckland's air quality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Council" title="Auckland Regional Council">Auckland Regional Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415001727/http://www.arc.govt.nz/environment/air-quality/aucklands-air-quality/aucklands-air-quality_home.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auckland%27s+air+quality&rft.pub=Auckland+Regional+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arc.govt.nz%2Fenvironment%2Fair-quality%2Faucklands-air-quality%2Faucklands-air-quality_home.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIWA-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIWA_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240520001949/https://niwa.co.nz/climate-and-weather/climate-data-and-activities">"Climate data and activities"</a>. NIWA. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ogimet.com&rft.atitle=93110%3A+Auckland+Aerodrome+Aws+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fogimet.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgsynres%3Find%3D93110%26ano%3D2022%26mes%3D4%26day%3D20%26hora%3D18%26min%3D0%26ndays%3D30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=93110&ano=2022&mes=8&day=20&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30">"93110: Auckland Aerodrome Aws (New Zealand)"</a>. <i>ogimet.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Geology+and+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Auckland+Volcanic+Field+magmatism%2C+volcanism%2C+and+hazard%3A+a+review&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E234&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2292%2F51323&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216443777%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00288306.2020.1736102&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=J.L&rft.au=Smid%2C+E.R&rft.au=Eccles%2C+J.D&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J.L&rft.au=Hayward%2C+B.W&rft.au=McGee%2C+L.E&rft.au=van+Wijk%2C+K&rft.au=Wilson%2C+T.M&rft.au=Cronin%2C+S.J&rft.au=Leonard%2C+G.S&rft.au=Lindsay%2C+J.M&rft.au=N%C3%A9meth%2C+K&rft.au=Smith%2C+I.E.M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F00288306.2020.1736102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayward_(2019)-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayward_(2019)_80-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward2019" class="citation book cs1">Hayward, B.W (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aucklanduniversitypress.co.nz/volcanoes-of-auckland-a-field-guide/"><i>Volcanoes of Auckland: A field guide</i></a>. Auckland: Auckland University Press. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781869409012" title="Special:BookSources/9781869409012"><bdi>9781869409012</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208113944/https://aucklanduniversitypress.co.nz/volcanoes-of-auckland-a-field-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%27s+population+is+drifting+north+%E2%80%93+Population+mythbusters&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Fbrowse_for_stats%2Fpopulation%2Fmythbusters%2Fthe-drift-north.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2021" class="citation web cs1">Jacobson, Adam (21 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/126761590/covid19-blamed-for-aucklands-population-declining-for-the-first-time">"Covid-19 blamed for Auckland's population declining for the first time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026020805/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/126761590/covid19-blamed-for-aucklands-population-declining-for-the-first-time">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Covid-19+blamed+for+Auckland%27s+population+declining+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2021-10-21&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F126761590%2Fcovid19-blamed-for-aucklands-population-declining-for-the-first-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/regional-population-growth-slows/">"Regional population growth slows | Stats NZ"</a>. <i>www.stats.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024232211/https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/regional-population-growth-slows/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Regional+population+growth+slows+%7C+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fregional-population-growth-slows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickstats_culture-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quickstats_culture_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140524102811/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/tables.xls">"2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – data tables"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>. 15 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/tables.xls">the original</a> on 24 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Census+QuickStats+about+culture+and+identity+%E2%80%93+data+tables&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FStatistics%2FCensus%2F2013%2520Census%2Fprofile-and-summary-reports%2Fquickstats-culture-identity%2Ftables.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8279">"Birthplace (detailed), for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB)"</a>. <i>nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617015705/http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8279">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Birthplace+%28detailed%29%2C+for+the+census+usually+resident+population+count%2C+2006%2C+2013%2C+and+2018+Censuses+%28RC%2C+TA%2C+SA2%2C+DHB%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzdotstat.stats.govt.nz%2Fwbos%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DTABLECODE8279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacock2016" class="citation web cs1">Peacock, Alice (17 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/75964986/auckland-a-melting-pot---ranked-worlds-fourth-most-cosmopolitan-city">"Auckland a melting pot - ranked world's fourth most cosmopolitan city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019011750/https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/75964986/auckland-a-melting-pot---ranked-worlds-fourth-most-cosmopolitan-city">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Auckland+a+melting+pot+-+ranked+world%27s+fourth+most+cosmopolitan+city&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F75964986%2Fauckland-a-melting-pot---ranked-worlds-fourth-most-cosmopolitan-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124230639/http://www.stats.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/D5B067F9-7A06-483D-A6B9-D438E81ABAC2/0/AucklandCity.pdf">"What we look like locally"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/D5B067F9-7A06-483D-A6B9-D438E81ABAC2/0/AucklandCity.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+we+look+like+locally&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2FD5B067F9-7A06-483D-A6B9-D438E81ABAC2%2F0%2FAucklandCity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080526162039/http://www.ahc.org.nz/intro.php">"Auckland Hebrew Community ~ Introduction page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahc.org.nz/intro.php">the original</a> on 26 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auckland+Hebrew+Community+~+Introduction+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahc.org.nz%2Fintro.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ouraucklandgovtnz-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ouraucklandgovtnz_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ouraucklandgovtnz_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/news/2015/10/aucklands-growing-population/">"Auckland's growing population"</a>. <i>OurAuckland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114171749/http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/news/2015/10/aucklands-growing-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OurAuckland&rft.atitle=Auckland%27s+growing+population&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F2015%2F10%2Faucklands-growing-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARCGRO-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARCGRO_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARCGRO_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARCGRO_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Auckland/Aucklands%20growth/Auckland%20regional%20growth%20strategy.pdf">Executive Summary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227102841/http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Auckland/Aucklands%20growth/Auckland%20regional%20growth%20strategy.pdf">Archived</a> 27 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from the Auckland Regional Growth Strategy document, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Council" title="Auckland Regional Council">ARC</a>, November 1999. Retrieved 14 October 2007.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STATSNZPOP-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-STATSNZPOP_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/Publications/PopulationStatistics/mapping-trends-in-the-auckland-region/population-change.aspx">Mapping Trends in the Auckland Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113145501/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Publications/PopulationStatistics/mapping-trends-in-the-auckland-region/population-change.aspx">Archived</a> 13 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>, 2010. Retrieved 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/Publications/PopulationStatistics/mapping-trends-in-the-auckland-region/population-change.aspx">"Mapping Trends in the Auckland Region"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100220004936/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Publications/PopulationStatistics/mapping-trends-in-the-auckland-region/population-change.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Mapping+Trends+in+the+Auckland+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2FPublications%2FPopulationStatistics%2Fmapping-trends-in-the-auckland-region%2Fpopulation-change.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11682338">"Auckland's future unveiled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 27 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811075334/http://m.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11682338">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Auckland%27s+future+unveiled&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.nzherald.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D3%26objectid%3D11682338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-criticisms-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-criticisms_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/transport/ctc/theproject.asp">Central Transit Corridor Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070522061224/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/transport/ctc/theproject.asp">Archived</a> 22 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auckland_City" title="Auckland City">Auckland City</a> website, includes mention of effects of transport on public satisfaction)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070626092351/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/safer/crimesafety/police.asp">"Crime and safety profile – 2003"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/safer/crimesafety/police.asp">the original</a> on 26 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+and+safety+profile+%E2%80%93+2003&rft.pub=Auckland+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcity.govt.nz%2Fauckland%2Fintroduction%2Fsafer%2Fcrimesafety%2Fpolice.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-top_cities-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-top_cities_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105">Quality of Living global city rankings 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502132638/http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1173105">Archived</a> 2 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercer_Management_Consulting" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercer Management Consulting">Mercer Management Consulting</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heraldyacht-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heraldyacht_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heraldyacht_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEames2006" class="citation news cs1">Eames, David (26 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10365395">"Passion for boating runs deep in Auckland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016122329/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10365395">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Passion+for+boating+runs+deep+in+Auckland&rft.date=2006-01-26&rft.aulast=Eames&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10365395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LIVINGGULF-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LIVINGGULF_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Hauraki Gulf Marine Park, Part 2". <i>Inset to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 2 March 2010. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inset+to+The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Hauraki+Gulf+Marine+Park%2C+Part+2&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2010-03-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/media/council/2017/11/auckland-joins-unesco-creative-cities-network/">"Auckland joins UNESCO Creative Cities network"</a>. <i>OurAuckland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221014/http://ourauckland.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/articles/media/council/2017/11/auckland-joins-unesco-creative-cities-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzrugbyworldcup.com/RugbyWorldCup.aspx">the original</a> on 16 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eden+Park+to+host+Final+and+semi-finals&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzrugbyworldcup.com%2FRugbyWorldCup.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116053817/http://www.triathlon.org.nz/232">"ITU World Championship Series Grand Final"</a>. Triathlon New Zealand. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ITU+World+Championship+Series+Grand+Final&rft.pub=Triathlon+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.triathlon.org.nz%2F232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11847947">"Glowing report on World Masters Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 30 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525054005/http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11847947">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Glowing+report+on+World+Masters+Games&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11847947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage/Pages/legislation-that-protects-heritage.aspx">"Legislation that protects our heritage"</a>. <i>Auckland Council</i>. 8 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808062604/https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage/Pages/legislation-that-protects-heritage.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auckland+Council&rft.atitle=Legislation+that+protects+our+heritage&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz%2Farts-culture-heritage%2Fheritage%2FPages%2Flegislation-that-protects-heritage.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurenson2019" class="citation book cs1">Laurenson, Helen (1 May 2019). <i>The History of Mt Eden - The District and its People</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=House+prices+drop+%2440%2C000+in+just+a+month%3A+First-home+buyer+demand+returns&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Fhouse-prices-drop-40000-in-just-one-month-and-aucklands-down-even-more%2FS7SSXHHWPLLUTRYFB2JPFPE72M%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreturns.co.nz/article/976520479/https//www.goodreturns.co.nz/article/976520479/house-prices-now-dropping-rapidly-as-correction-kicks-in.html">"House prices now dropping rapidly as correction kicks in - Good Returns"</a>. <i>www.goodreturns.co.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065210/https://www.goodreturns.co.nz/article/976520479/https//www.goodreturns.co.nz/article/976520479/house-prices-now-dropping-rapidly-as-correction-kicks-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goodreturns.co.nz&rft.atitle=House+prices+now+dropping+rapidly+as+correction+kicks+in+-+Good+Returns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreturns.co.nz%2Farticle%2F976520479%2Fhttps%2F%2Fwww.goodreturns.co.nz%2Farticle%2F976520479%2Fhouse-prices-now-dropping-rapidly-as-correction-kicks-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914025656/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/money/2022/09/nz-property-house-prices-continue-to-slide-auckland-and-wellington-leading-the-charge-downwards.html">"NZ property: House prices continue to slide, Auckland and Wellington leading the charge downwards"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/money/2022/09/nz-property-house-prices-continue-to-slide-auckland-and-wellington-leading-the-charge-downwards.html">the original</a> on 14 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=NZ+property%3A+House+prices+continue+to+slide%2C+Auckland+and+Wellington+leading+the+charge+downwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fmoney%2F2022%2F09%2Fnz-property-house-prices-continue-to-slide-auckland-and-wellington-leading-the-charge-downwards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barr-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barr_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barr_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr" class="citation book cs1">Barr, John. <i>The City of Auckland</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City+of+Auckland&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://governance.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/2-overview/what-is-auckland-council/">"Governance manual - What is Auckland Council"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227174654/https://governance.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/2-overview/what-is-auckland-council/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governance+manual+-+What+is+Auckland+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovernance.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz%2F2-overview%2Fwhat-is-auckland-council%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/0a11.html4147429a11.html">Auckland governance inquiry welcomed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013042234/http://stuff.co.nz/0a11.html4147429a11.html">Archived</a> 13 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/NZPA" class="mw-redirect" title="NZPA">NZPA</a>, via 'stuff.co.nz', Tuesday 31 July 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infonews.co.nz/news.cfm?l=1&t=97&id=4113">Royal Commission of inquiry for Auckland welcomed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071229014424/http://www.infonews.co.nz/news.cfm?l=1&t=97&id=4113">Archived</a> 29 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/NZPA" class="mw-redirect" title="NZPA">NZPA</a>, via 'infonews.co.nz', Tuesday 31 July 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0903/S00405.htm">Minister Releases Report Of Royal Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090330005729/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0903/S00405.htm">Archived</a> 30 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Scoop.co.nz" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoop.co.nz">Scoop.co.nz</a></i>, Friday 27 March 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay2009" class="citation news cs1">Gay, Edward (7 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10565528">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Super city' to be in place next year, Maori seats axed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820181513/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10565528">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Super+city%27+to+be+in+place+next+year%2C+Maori+seats+axed&rft.date=2009-04-07&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10565528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.nzherald.co.nz/webcontent/document/pdf/Making%20Ak%20Greater%20final%20media.pdf">"Making Auckland Greater"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 7 April 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525061510/http://media.nzherald.co.nz/webcontent/document/pdf/Making%20Ak%20Greater%20final%20media.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Making+Auckland+Greater&rft.date=2009-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.nzherald.co.nz%2Fwebcontent%2Fdocument%2Fpdf%2FMaking%2520Ak%2520Greater%2520final%2520media.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11724629">"Phil Goff elected Mayor of Auckland"</a>. 8 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161010080325/http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11724629">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phil+Goff+elected+Mayor+of+Auckland&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11724629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waitangi.org.nz/nzs-3-national-capitals/">"New Zealand's three capitals"</a>. <i>Waitangi</i>. 26 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116042839/https://www.waitangi.org.nz/nzs-3-national-capitals/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waitangi&rft.atitle=New+Zealand%27s+three+capitals&rft.date=2020-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waitangi.org.nz%2Fnzs-3-national-capitals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.org.nz/voters/find-my-electorate">"Find my electorate"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Directory+of+Schools+%E2%80%93+as+at+1+February+2012&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.educationcounts.govt.nz%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fexcel_doc%2F0004%2F62572%2FDirectory-Schools-Current.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCounts" class="citation web cs1">Counts, Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/population/year?district=&region=&school=69">"Ministry of Education - Education Counts"</a>. <i>www.educationcounts.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603104900/https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/population/year%3Fdistrict%3D%26region%3D%26school%3D69">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Study+with+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Search+Results+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studywithnewzealand.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasfull.nsf/4c2567ef00247c6a4c2567be0008d2f8/4c2567ef00247c6acc2571b900127ca3?OpenDocument">Survey of English Language Providers – Year ended March 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234407/http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasfull.nsf/4c2567ef00247c6a4c2567be0008d2f8/4c2567ef00247c6acc2571b900127ca3?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>. Auckland is assumed to follow national pattern)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englishnewzealand.ac.nz/All%20Schools/AUCKLAND.html">English Language Schools in New Zealand – Auckland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501234036/http://www.englishnewzealand.ac.nz/All%20Schools/AUCKLAND.html">Archived</a> 1 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (list linked from the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_New_Zealand" title="Immigration New Zealand">Immigration New Zealand</a> website)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waka_Kotahi-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waka_Kotahi_154-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waka_Kotahi_154-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206080223/http://nzta.govt.nz/resources/overdimen-veh-route-maps/2-state-highways/map-list.html">"Map List | Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency"</a>. <i>www.nzta.govt.nz</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+Auckland+Harbour+Bridge&rft.date=2009-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fauckland-region%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fl_id%3D117%26objectid%3D10574333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonseka2018" class="citation news cs1">Fonseka, Dileepa (6 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/104495373/spaghetti-junction-stadium-is-motorway-jungle-best-fit-for-auckland">"Spaghetti junction stadium: Is motorway jungle best fit for Auckland?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704010525/https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/104495373/spaghetti-junction-stadium-is-motorway-jungle-best-fit-for-auckland">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Spaghetti+junction+stadium%3A+Is+motorway+jungle+best+fit+for+Auckland%3F&rft.date=2018-06-06&rft.aulast=Fonseka&rft.aufirst=Dileepa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F104495373%2Fspaghetti-junction-stadium-is-motorway-jungle-best-fit-for-auckland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ_1-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZ_1_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/506674/national-led-government-officially-cancels-auckland-light-rail-plans">"National-led government officially cancels Auckland Light Rail plans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. 14 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115013806/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/506674/national-led-government-officially-cancels-auckland-light-rail-plans">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=National-led+government+officially+cancels+Auckland+Light+Rail+plans&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fpolitical%2F506674%2Fnational-led-government-officially-cancels-auckland-light-rail-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRAPLAN-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TRAPLAN_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRAPLAN_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304085254/http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/publications%20page/Auckland%20Transport%20Plan%20June%202007%20-%20section%202.pdf"><i>Auckland Transport Plan – June 2007</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Transport_Authority" title="Auckland Regional Transport Authority">Auckland Regional Transport Authority</a>. 2007. p. 8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/publications%20page/Auckland%20Transport%20Plan%20June%202007%20-%20section%202.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Auckland+Transport+Plan+%E2%80%93+June+2007&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Auckland+Regional+Transport+Authority&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arta.co.nz%2Fassets%2Farta%2520publications%2Fpublications%2520page%2FAuckland%2520Transport%2520Plan%2520June%25202007%2520-%2520section%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arta.co.nz-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arta.co.nz_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arta.co.nz_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://at.govt.nz/media/imported/4468/AT-ARTA-Report-MBR-June2010.pdf">"MBR June 2010.pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Transport_Authority" title="Auckland Regional Transport Authority">ARTA</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214200213/https://at.govt.nz/media/imported/4468/AT-ARTA-Report-MBR-June2010.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARTA&rft.atitle=MBR+June+2010.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fat.govt.nz%2Fmedia%2Fimported%2F4468%2FAT-ARTA-Report-MBR-June2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_and_services/access-data/tables/subnational-pop-estimates.aspx">"Subnational population estimates tables"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subnational+population+estimates+tables&rft.pub=Stats.govt.nz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Fmethods_and_services%2Faccess-data%2Ftables%2Fsubnational-pop-estimates.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525122705/http://www.arta.co.nz/assets/arta%20publications/2009/8-0%20134040%20ART%20RTLP%20Draft%202009_hires.pdf">"Auckland's Transport Challenges"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ARTA</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Network+Project&rft.pub=Auckland+Transport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandtransport.govt.nz%2Fimproving-transport%2Fnew-network%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315105029/http://www.kiwirailscenic.co.nz/northern-explorer/">"Scenic Journeys – Northern Explorer"</a>. KiwiRail. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electric+Trains&rft.pub=Auckland+Transport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandtransport.govt.nz%2Fimproving-transport%2Fauckland-rail-upgrade%2Felectric-trains%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209061531/http://www.taurikobusinessestate.co.nz/about_tauranga.php">"Tauranga City - the place to do business!"</a>. <i>Tauriko Business Estate</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taurikobusinessestate.co.nz/about_tauranga.php">the original</a> on 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tauriko+Business+Estate&rft.atitle=Tauranga+City+-+the+place+to+do+business%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taurikobusinessestate.co.nz%2Fabout_tauranga.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Auckland Airport, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.aucklandairport.co.nz/">http://www.aucklandairport.co.nz/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820161347/http://www.aucklandairport.co.nz/">Archived</a> 20 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIFF-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIFF_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/12666/41358.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y">Backtracking Auckland: Bureaucratic rationality and public preferences in transport planning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726113200/https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/12666/41358.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> 26 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> – Mees, Paul; Dodson, Jago; Urban Research Program Issues Paper 5, <a href="/wiki/Griffith_University" title="Griffith University">Griffith University</a>, April 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpurpose.com/ut-usptshare45.htm">US Urban Personal Vehicle & Public Transport Market Share from 1900</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609123001/http://www.publicpurpose.com/ut-usptshare45.htm">Archived</a> 9 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from publicpurpose.com, a website of the <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Cox" title="Wendell Cox">Wendell Cox</a> Consultancy)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vehicle_ownership-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vehicle_ownership_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northshorecity.govt.nz/">Sustainable Transport</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060808214531/http://www.northshorecity.govt.nz/">Archived</a> 8 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> North Shore City Council website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Big_steps_to_change_City_of_Cars-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Big_steps_to_change_City_of_Cars_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10539171">Big steps to change City of Cars</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406094754/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10539171">Archived</a> 6 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>, Friday 24 October 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/82334719/Auckland-Council-vote-yes-on-SkyPath">"Auckland Council vote 'yes' on SkyPath"</a>. 21 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160827214154/http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/82334719/auckland-council-vote-yes-on-skypath">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Auckland+Council+vote+%27yes%27+on+SkyPath&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fauckland%2F82334719%2FAuckland-Council-vote-yes-on-SkyPath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/320580/skypath-over-auckland-harbour-bridge-gets-green-light">"SkyPath over Auckland Harbour Bridge gets green light"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. 16 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160803/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/320580/skypath-over-auckland-harbour-bridge-gets-green-light">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SkyPath+over+Auckland+Harbour+Bridge+gets+green+light&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F320580%2Fskypath-over-auckland-harbour-bridge-gets-green-light&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vector.co.nz/personal/electricity/about-our-network">"About our network"</a>. <i>www.vector.co.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011540/https://www.vector.co.nz/personal/electricity/about-our-network">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vector.co.nz&rft.atitle=About+our+network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vector.co.nz%2Fpersonal%2Felectricity%2Fabout-our-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.countiesenergy.co.nz/about/content/our-operations">"Our Operations"</a>. <i>Counties Energy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904010038/https://www.countiesenergy.co.nz/about/content/our-operations">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Counties+Energy&rft.atitle=Our+Operations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.countiesenergy.co.nz%2Fabout%2Fcontent%2Four-operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland2015" class="citation web cs1">Ireland, James (6 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/72735323/otahuhu-power-station-shut-for-good">"Otahuhu Power Station shut for good"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430040122/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/72735323/otahuhu-power-station-shut-for-good">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Otahuhu+Power+Station+shut+for+good&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Findustries%2F72735323%2Fotahuhu-power-station-shut-for-good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/mighty-river-shutting-down-southdown-station/GAFBS35NUDSEUA32XJVOXHJYME/">"Mighty River shutting down Southdown station"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Herald">New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 24 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430040132/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/mighty-river-shutting-down-southdown-station/GAFBS35NUDSEUA32XJVOXHJYME/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Mighty+River+shutting+down+Southdown+station&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Fmighty-river-shutting-down-southdown-station%2FGAFBS35NUDSEUA32XJVOXHJYME%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFieldWalters2014" class="citation news cs1">Field, Michael; Walters, Laura (6 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/10583844/Aucklands-history-of-power-cuts">"Auckland's history of power cuts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516055438/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/10583844/Aucklands-history-of-power-cuts">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Auckland%27s+history+of+power+cuts&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Walters%2C+Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2F10583844%2FAucklands-history-of-power-cuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2018" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Martin (16 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12033654">"A crisis recalled: The power cuts that plunged the Auckland CBD in darkness for five weeks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805122634/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12033654">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=A+crisis+recalled%3A+The+power+cuts+that+plunged+the+Auckland+CBD+in+darkness+for+five+weeks&rft.date=2018-04-16&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D12033654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/forklift-sparks-blackout-thousands-3102479">"Forklift sparks blackout for thousands"</a>. Television New Zealand. 30 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615153906/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/forklift-sparks-blackout-thousands-3102479">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forklift+sparks+blackout+for+thousands&rft.pub=Television+New+Zealand&rft.date=2009-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvnz.co.nz%2Fnational-news%2Fforklift-sparks-blackout-thousands-3102479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202151245/http://gasindustry.co.nz/dmsdocument/5344">"The New Zealand Gas Story"</a>. Gas Industry Company. December 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gasindustry.co.nz/dmsdocument/5344">the original</a> on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Zealand+Gas+Story&rft.pub=Gas+Industry+Company&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgasindustry.co.nz%2Fdmsdocument%2F5344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewsom1972" class="citation web cs1">Newsom, Margaret (September 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_nz1.htm">"Rudyard Kipling in New Zealand"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609041103/http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_nz1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2021</span>. <q>The remark in the present <i>Shell Guide to New Zealand</i>, that 'there is still no poet as quotable about Auckland as Kipling,' seems correct. Without any prompting, I heard the first line of that verse - which is still true - three times in Auckland last year. (1971)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rudyard+Kipling+in+New+Zealand&rft.date=1972-09&rft.aulast=Newsom&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiplingsociety.co.uk%2Frg_nz1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowan2003" class="citation web cs1">Cowan, M. E., ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Heinlein+Concordance&rft.pub=The+Heinlein+Society&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmycroft.heinleinsociety.org%2Fconcordance%2FN_HC.htm%23newauckland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/our-international-relations/Pages/international-relations-strategy.aspx">"Our international relations strategy"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities+and+Friendship+Cities&rft.pub=Busan+Foundation+for+International+Cooperation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfic.kr%2Fnew%2Fenglish%2Fcontents%2Fb5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.taichung.gov.tw/1073586/post">"Sister City"</a>. Taichung City Government<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Qingdao+Municipal+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.qingdao.gov.cn%2Fabout%2Fqingdao%2F202112%2Ft20211224_4133586.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuckland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Auckland_/_T%C4%81maki_Makaurau" class="extiw" title="commons:Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Auckland#Q37100" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Auckland">Auckland</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (9th ed.) article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Auckland" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Auckland">Auckland</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/auckland">Auckland</a> in Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208095244/http://maps.arc.govt.nz/website/maps/default.htm">Maps and aerial photos</a> (from the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Council" title="Auckland Regional Council">ARC</a> map website)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adjacent_cities_and_districts29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Adjacent cities and districts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_District" title="Kaipara District">Kaipara</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Auckland</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><i>Pacific Ocean</i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Thames" title="Firth of Thames">Firth of Thames</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Thames-Coromandel_District" title="Thames-Coromandel District">Thames-Coromandel</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_District" title="Hauraki District">Hauraki</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Auckland188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Auckland" title="Template:Auckland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Auckland" title="Template talk:Auckland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Auckland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Auckland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Auckland188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auckland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Auckland" title="History of Auckland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Auckland" title="Timeline of Auckland">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Auckland" title="Culture of Auckland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Auckland" title="Demographics of Auckland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Auckland_region" title="Geology of the Auckland region">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_volcanic_field" title="Auckland volcanic field">Volcanic field</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_category_1_historic_places_in_Auckland" title="List of category 1 historic places in Auckland">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland region">Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_biota_of_the_Auckland_region" title="Endemic biota of the Auckland region">Endemic biota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Auckland" title="Transport in Auckland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_Auckland_region" title="List of schools in the Auckland region">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Auckland" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Auckland">Skyscrapers and tallest structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suburbs_of_Auckland" title="List of suburbs of Auckland">Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_M%C4%81ori" title="Tāmaki Māori">Tāmaki Māori</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marae_in_the_Auckland_region" title="List of marae in the Auckland region">Marae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_isthmus" title="Auckland isthmus">Auckland isthmus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">City Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Auckland" title="East Auckland">East Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(local_board_area)" title="Franklin (local board area)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_Coast" title="Hibiscus Coast">Hibiscus Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_New_Zealand" title="North Shore, New Zealand">North Shore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Bays" title="East Coast Bays">East Coast Bays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dhutukawa_Coast" title="Pōhutukawa Coast">Pōhutukawa Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_(local_board_area)" title="Rodney (local board area)">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Auckland" title="South Auckland">South Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Island" title="Waiheke Island">Waiheke Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Auckland,_New_Zealand" title="West Auckland, New Zealand">West Auckland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_boards_of_Auckland_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Local boards of Auckland Council">Local board areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert-Eden" title="Albert-Eden">Albert-Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Island" title="Great Barrier Island">Aotea / Great Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonport-Takapuna" title="Devonport-Takapuna">Devonport-Takapuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(local_board_area)" title="Franklin (local board area)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson-Massey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henderson-Massey">Henderson-Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_and_Bays" title="Hibiscus and Bays">Hibiscus and Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howick_(local_board_area)" title="Howick (local board area)">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaip%C4%81tiki" title="Kaipātiki">Kaipātiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Māngere-Ōtāhuhu">Māngere-Ōtāhuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(local_board_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manurewa (local board area)">Manurewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie-T%C4%81maki" title="Maungakiekie-Tāmaki">Maungakiekie-Tāmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_(local_board_area)" title="Ōrākei (local board area)">Ōrākei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctara-Papatoetoe" title="Ōtara-Papatoetoe">Ōtara-Papatoetoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakura_(local_board_area)" title="Papakura (local board area)">Papakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puket%C4%81papa_(local_board_area)" title="Puketāpapa (local board area)">Puketāpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_(local_board_area)" title="Rodney (local board area)">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour" title="Upper Harbour">Upper Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Local_Board" title="Waiheke Local Board">Waiheke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait%C4%81kere_Ranges_(local_board_area)" title="Waitākere Ranges (local board area)">Waitākere Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_(local_board_area)" title="Waitematā (local board area)">Waitematā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whau_(local_board_area)" title="Whau (local board area)">Whau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Auckland" title="Category:Auckland">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governance_of_Auckland69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governance_of_Auckland" title="Template:Governance of Auckland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governance_of_Auckland" title="Template talk:Governance of Auckland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governance_of_Auckland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governance of Auckland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governance_of_Auckland69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auckland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a> (current; unitary authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Regional_Council" title="Auckland Regional Council">Auckland Regional Council</a> (defunct; regional authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_City_Council" title="Auckland City Council">Auckland City Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manukau_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Manukau City Council">Manukau City Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitakere_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitakere City Council">Waitakere City Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Shore City Council">North Shore City Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakura_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Papakura District Council">Papakura District Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney District Council">Rodney District Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin District Council">Franklin District Council</a> (defunct; territorial authority)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing Body</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Auckland" title="Mayor of Auckland">Mayor of Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Council" title="Auckland Council">Auckland Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council-controlled_organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-controlled organisations">Council-controlled organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Transport" title="Auckland Transport">Auckland Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Unlimited" title="Auckland Unlimited">Auckland Unlimited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local Boards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert-Eden_Local_Board" title="Albert-Eden Local Board">Albert-Eden Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotea_/_Great_Barrier_Local_Board" title="Aotea / Great Barrier Local Board">Aotea / Great Barrier Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonport-Takapuna_Local_Board" title="Devonport-Takapuna Local Board">Devonport-Takapuna Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Local_Board" title="Franklin Local Board">Franklin Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson-Massey_Local_Board" title="Henderson-Massey Local Board">Henderson-Massey Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_and_Bays_Local_Board" title="Hibiscus and Bays Local Board">Hibiscus and Bays Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howick_Local_Board" title="Howick Local Board">Howick Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaip%C4%81tiki_Local_Board" title="Kaipātiki Local Board">Kaipātiki Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu_Local_Board" title="Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board">Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manurewa_Local_Board" title="Manurewa Local Board">Manurewa Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungakiekie-T%C4%81maki_Local_Board" title="Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board">Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cr%C4%81kei_Local_Board" title="Ōrākei Local Board">Ōrākei Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctara-Papatoetoe_Local_Board" title="Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board">Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakura_Local_Board" title="Papakura Local Board">Papakura Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puket%C4%81papa_Local_Board" title="Puketāpapa Local Board">Puketāpapa Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Local_Board" title="Rodney Local Board">Rodney Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Harbour_Local_Board" title="Upper Harbour Local Board">Upper Harbour Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiheke_Local_Board" title="Waiheke Local Board">Waiheke Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait%C4%81kere_Ranges_Local_Board" title="Waitākere Ranges Local Board">Waitākere Ranges Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitemat%C4%81_Local_Board" title="Waitematā Local Board">Waitematā Local Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whau_Local_Board" title="Whau Local Board">Whau Local Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central/National Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auckland_Policy_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auckland Policy Office (page does not exist)">Auckland Policy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">New Zealand electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Auckland" title="Minister for Auckland">Minister for Auckland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_districts_of_New_Zealand132" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porirua" title="Porirua">Porirua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hutt" title="Upper Hutt">Upper Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_District" title="Far North District">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whangarei_District" title="Whangarei District">Whangarei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_District" title="Kaipara District">Kaipara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames-Coromandel_District" title="Thames-Coromandel District">Thames-Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_District" title="Hauraki District">Hauraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato_District" title="Waikato District">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matamata-Piako_District" title="Matamata-Piako District">Matamata-Piako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waip%C4%81_District" title="Waipā District">Waipā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waikato_District" title="South Waikato District">South Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctorohanga_District" title="Ōtorohanga District">Ōtorohanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua_Lakes_District" title="Rotorua Lakes District">Rotorua Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitomo_District" title="Waitomo District">Waitomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_District" title="Taupō District">Taupō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bay_of_Plenty_District" title="Western Bay of Plenty District">Western Bay of Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne_District" title="Whakatāne District">Whakatāne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawerau_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawerau District">Kawerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki_District" title="Ōpōtiki District">Ōpōtiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wairoa_District" title="Wairoa District">Wairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_District,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings District, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hawke%27s_Bay_District" title="Central Hawke's Bay District">Central Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_District" title="New Plymouth District">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_District,_New_Zealand" title="Stratford District, New Zealand">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_District" title="South Taranaki District">South Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruapehu_District" title="Ruapehu District">Ruapehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whanganui_District" title="Whanganui District">Whanganui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangitikei_District" title="Rangitikei District">Rangitīkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Manawatū District">Manawatū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tararua_District" title="Tararua District">Tararua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_District" title="Horowhenua District">Horowhenua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterton District">Masterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carterton_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Carterton District">Carterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wairarapa_District" title="South Wairarapa District">South Wairarapa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller_District" title="Buller District">Buller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_District" title="Grey District">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_District" title="Westland District">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaik%C5%8Dura_District" title="Kaikōura District">Kaikōura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurunui_District" title="Hurunui District">Hurunui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimakariri_District" title="Waimakariri District">Waimakariri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_District" title="Selwyn District">Selwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashburton_District" title="Ashburton District">Ashburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timaru_District" title="Timaru District">Timaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_District" title="Mackenzie District">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waimate_District" title="Waimate District">Waimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaki_District" title="Waitaki District">Waitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_District,_New_Zealand" title="Gore District, New Zealand">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_District" title="Southland District">Southland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_Games_host_cities34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Commonwealth Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Commonwealth Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_Games_host_cities34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> host cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games" title="1930 British Empire Games">1930</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1934_British_Empire_Games" title="1934 British Empire Games">1934</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1938_British_Empire_Games" title="1938 British Empire Games">1938</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1950_British_Empire_Games" title="1950 British Empire Games">1950</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auckland</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1954</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1958_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1958</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img alt="Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales_%281953%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1962</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1966_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1966</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_British_Commonwealth_Games" title="1970 British Commonwealth Games">1970</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games" title="1974 British Commonwealth Games">1974</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games" title="1978 Commonwealth Games">1978</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games" title="1982 Commonwealth Games">1982</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Commonwealth_Games" title="1986 Commonwealth Games">1986</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games" title="1990 Commonwealth Games">1990</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auckland</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Commonwealth_Games" title="1994 Commonwealth Games">1994</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games" title="1998 Commonwealth Games">1998</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games" title="2010 Commonwealth Games">2010</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Commonwealth_Games" title="2014 Commonwealth Games">2014</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em; white-space:nowrap;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games" title="2018 Commonwealth Games">2018</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games" title="2022 Commonwealth Games">2022</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Commonwealth_Games" title="2026 Commonwealth Games">2026</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/TBA" class="mw-redirect" title="TBA">TBA</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Commonwealth_Games" title="2030 Commonwealth Games">2030</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/TBA" class="mw-redirect" title="TBA">TBA</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_articles450" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template talk:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_articles450" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand%27s_links_with_Antarctica" title="Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica">New Zealand and Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Zealand" title="Geography of New Zealand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical geography of New Zealand">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand" title="Biodiversity of New Zealand">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_New_Zealand" title="List of caves in New Zealand">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand" title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> 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title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37100#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1839" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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