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<span>Products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acoustic_pianos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acoustic_pianos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Acoustic pianos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acoustic_pianos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Butterfly_grand_pianos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Butterfly_grand_pianos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Butterfly grand pianos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Butterfly_grand_pianos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Band_organs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Band_organs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Band organs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Band_organs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nickelodeons_and_player_pianos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nickelodeons_and_player_pianos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nickelodeons and player pianos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nickelodeons_and_player_pianos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre_organs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre_organs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Theatre organs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre_organs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jukeboxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jukeboxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Jukeboxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jukeboxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_pianos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_pianos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Electric pianos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_pianos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_guitars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_guitars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Electric guitars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_guitars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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title="Rudolph Wurlitzer Company – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rudolph Wurlitzer Company" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Wurlitzer_Company" title="Rudolph Wurlitzer Company – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rudolph Wurlitzer Company" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurlitzer" title="Wurlitzer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wurlitzer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American company of music boxes and instruments</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the musical instrument retailer, see <a href="/wiki/E.U._Wurlitzer_Music_and_Sound" title="E.U. Wurlitzer Music and Sound">E.U. Wurlitzer Music and Sound</a>. For the German clarinet manufacturer, see <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Wurlitzer" title="Herbert Wurlitzer">Herbert Wurlitzer</a>. For the builder of string instruments, see <a href="/wiki/Rembert_Wurlitzer_Co." title="Rembert Wurlitzer Co.">Rembert Wurlitzer Co.</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wurlitzer" title="Special:EditPage/Wurlitzer">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wurlitzer%22">"Wurlitzer"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wurlitzer%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wurlitzer%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wurlitzer%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wurlitzer%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wurlitzer%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Rudolph Wurlitzer Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company logo on a pipe organ"><img alt="The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company logo on a pipe organ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg/246px-Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg/369px-Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg/492px-Rudolph_Wurlitzer_label.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1853<span class="noprint">; 171 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1853</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Franz Rudolph Wurlitzer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Tonawanda,_New_York" title="North Tonawanda, New York">North Tonawanda, New York</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fairground_organ" title="Fairground organ">Band organ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Orchestrion" title="Orchestrion">Orchestrion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(movie_theater)" title="Nickelodeon (movie theater)">Nickelodeon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">Pipe organ</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Theatre_organ" title="Theatre organ">Theatre organ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Piano_Company" title="Baldwin Piano Company">Baldwin Piano Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711154502/http://www.gibson.com/products/wurlitzer/">Wurlitzer Jukeboxes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Rudolph Wurlitzer Company</b>, usually referred to as simply <b>Wurlitzer</b>, is an American company started in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> in 1853 by German immigrant (Franz) Rudolph Wurlitzer. The company initially imported stringed, woodwind and brass instruments from Germany for resale in the United States. Wurlitzer enjoyed initial success, largely due to defense contracts to provide musical instruments to the U.S. military.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1880, the company began manufacturing pianos and eventually relocated to <a href="/wiki/North_Tonawanda,_New_York" title="North Tonawanda, New York">North Tonawanda, New York</a>. It quickly expanded to make <a href="/wiki/Fairground_organ" title="Fairground organ">band organs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchestrion" title="Orchestrion">orchestrions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Player_pianos" class="mw-redirect" title="Player pianos">player pianos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe organs">pipe</a> or <a href="/wiki/Theatre_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre organs">theatre organs</a> popular in theatres during the days of silent movies. </p><p>Wurlitzer also operated a chain of retail stores where the company's products were sold. As technology evolved, Wurlitzer began producing <a href="/wiki/Wurlitzer_electric_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurlitzer electric piano">electric pianos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic organ">electronic organs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">jukeboxes</a>, and it eventually became known more for jukeboxes and vending machines, which are still made by Wurlitzer, rather than for actual musical instruments. </p><p>Wurlitzer's jukebox operations were sold and moved to Germany in 1973. The Wurlitzer piano and organ brands and U.S. manufacturing facilities were acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Piano_Company" title="Baldwin Piano Company">Baldwin Piano Company</a> in 1988, and most piano manufacturing moved overseas. The Baldwin Co., including its Wurlitzer assets, was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar Corporation">Gibson Guitar Corporation</a> in about 1996. Ten years later, Gibson acquired Deutsche Wurlitzer and the Wurlitzer Jukebox and Vending Electronics trademarks, briefly reuniting Wurlitzer's best-known products under a single corporate banner in 2006. Baldwin ceased making Wurlitzer-brand pianos in 2009. Vending machines are still manufactured in Germany using the Wurlitzer name under Gibson ownership. The company ceased manufacturing jukeboxes in 2013, but still sells replacement parts. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Band_organs" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wurlitzer_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06374.JPG/82px-Wurlitzer_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06374.JPG" decoding="async" width="82" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wurlitzer_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06374.JPG/123px-Wurlitzer_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06374.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wurlitzer_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06374.JPG/164px-Wurlitzer_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06374.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="#Band_organs">Band organ</a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:78px;max-width:78px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Nickelodeons_and_player_pianos" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wurlitzer_closed_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06202.JPG/76px-Wurlitzer_closed_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06202.JPG" decoding="async" width="76" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wurlitzer_closed_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06202.JPG/114px-Wurlitzer_closed_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06202.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wurlitzer_closed_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06202.JPG/152px-Wurlitzer_closed_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06202.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3015" data-file-height="4893" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="#Nickelodeons_and_player_pianos">Nickelodeon</a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:68px;max-width:68px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Jukeboxes" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Wurlitzer_1015.jpg/66px-Wurlitzer_1015.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Wurlitzer_1015.jpg/99px-Wurlitzer_1015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Wurlitzer_1015.jpg/132px-Wurlitzer_1015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="#Jukeboxes">Jukebox</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Theatre_organs" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Organo_Wurlitzer_Opus_2064_Berlin_040811.jpg/82px-Organo_Wurlitzer_Opus_2064_Berlin_040811.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Organo_Wurlitzer_Opus_2064_Berlin_040811.jpg/123px-Organo_Wurlitzer_Opus_2064_Berlin_040811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Organo_Wurlitzer_Opus_2064_Berlin_040811.jpg/164px-Organo_Wurlitzer_Opus_2064_Berlin_040811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="#Theatre_organs">Theatre organ</a></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position:relative;top:-2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Acoustic_pianos" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wurlitzer_Baby_Grand_Piano_%28by_Daniel_Means%29.jpg/92px-Wurlitzer_Baby_Grand_Piano_%28by_Daniel_Means%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wurlitzer_Baby_Grand_Piano_%28by_Daniel_Means%29.jpg/138px-Wurlitzer_Baby_Grand_Piano_%28by_Daniel_Means%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wurlitzer_Baby_Grand_Piano_%28by_Daniel_Means%29.jpg/184px-Wurlitzer_Baby_Grand_Piano_%28by_Daniel_Means%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="#Acoustic_pianos">Acoustic piano</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Electric_pianos" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wurlitzer_206A.jpg/84px-Wurlitzer_206A.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wurlitzer_206A.jpg/126px-Wurlitzer_206A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wurlitzer_206A.jpg/168px-Wurlitzer_206A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="#Electric_pianos">Electric piano</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Electronic_organs" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg/93px-Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg/140px-Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg/186px-Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1521" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="#Electronic_organs">Electronic organ</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:39px;max-width:39px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#Electric_guitars" title=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wurlitzer_Gemini_1965_-_silhouette.jpg/37px-Wurlitzer_Gemini_1965_-_silhouette.jpg" decoding="async" width="37" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wurlitzer_Gemini_1965_-_silhouette.jpg/56px-Wurlitzer_Gemini_1965_-_silhouette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wurlitzer_Gemini_1965_-_silhouette.jpg/74px-Wurlitzer_Gemini_1965_-_silhouette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="#Electric_guitars">Electric guitar</a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franz Rudolph Wurlitzer (1831–1914), an immigrant from <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neck,_Saxony" title="Schöneck, Saxony">Schöneck, Saxony</a>, founded the Wurlitzer Company in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> in 1853. His sons Howard, Rudolph and Farny successively directed the company after his death. The company initially imported musical instruments from the Wurlitzer family in Germany for resale in the United States. Wurlitzer was an early American defense contractor, being a major supplier of musical instruments to the U.S. military during the American Civil War and Spanish–American War. In 1880, Wurlitzer started manufacturing its own pianos, which the company sold through its retail outlets in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-juke_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, Wurlitzer manufactured its first coin-operated pianos.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1800s, fairs were popular. As crowds grew and mechanical rides began to appear, there was a need for louder music. The <a href="/wiki/Fairground_organ" title="Fairground organ">fairground organ</a> was developed. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_de_Kleist" title="Eugene de Kleist">Eugene de Kleist</a> of North Tonawanda, New York, was an early builder of such organs (also called "<a href="/wiki/Barrel_organ" title="Barrel organ">barrel organs</a>") for use in <a href="/wiki/Carousels" class="mw-redirect" title="Carousels">carousels</a>. Wurlitzer bought an interest in de Kleist's <a href="/wiki/North_Tonawanda_Barrel_Organ_Factory" title="North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory">North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory</a> in 1897. In 1909, Wurlitzer bought the entire operation, and he moved all Wurlitzer manufacturing from Ohio to New York.<sup id="cite_ref-juke_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909, the company began making innovative automatic harps that were more durable than European prototypes, and from 1924 to the 1930s, eight models were available. The <i>"Mighty Wurlitzer"</i>  theatre organ was introduced in late 1910 and became Wurlitzer's most famous product. Wurlitzer theatre organs are installed around the world in theatres, museums, churches and private residences. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg/165px-American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg/248px-American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg/330px-American_Mohawk_Lyric_Radio_Ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="2170" /></a><figcaption>American Mohawk Lyric Radio as Mfd. by Wurlitzer c. 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>With the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, imports from Germany became problematic, and Wurlitzer found it necessary to increase manufacturing in the US. In the early 1930s, Wurlitzer built a new, state-of-the-art manufacturing and marketing facility in North Tonawanda, complete with employee recreation areas, showers and a cafeteria. It had two landscaped avenues which fanned out over the area in front of the factory, creating a park and parkway setting off of Niagara Falls Boulevard. Some tree and lamp post installations, laid diagonal, remain to mark these roads. The growing company held its first annual Convention of associated businesses in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Statler_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Statler Hotel">Statler Hotel</a> in September of 1937, complete with a three day program of events and a parade. The surviving complex, particularly the central front tower building and main entrance hall, is now a National Historic Landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wurlitzer abandoned production of nickelodeons but continued to manufacture the <a href="/wiki/Music_roll" title="Music roll">music rolls</a> for <a href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">player piano</a> music through a wholly owned subsidiary called the Endless Roll Music Company. Wurlitzer also assumed production of Lyric brand radios from the All American Mohawk Radio Company in Chicago. Lyric radios were a high-end console radio, which retailed for as much as $425 in 1929 (approximately $5,800 in 2014 dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to business acquisitions, Wurlitzer entered into several joint ventures with <a href="/wiki/Allan_Herschell_Company#History" title="Allan Herschell Company">James Armitage, George Herschell</a>, and other businessmen from the area. He constructed a separate plant at Goundry and Oliver Streets in downtown North Tonawanda specializing in short production runs to manufacture organs and <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdies</a> for amusement parks, circuses, roller rinks and carnival midways. Amusement rides, particularly <a href="/wiki/Carousel" title="Carousel">carousels</a>, were assembled at the facility. </p><p>Circa 1933, the Wurlitzer name gradually became more associated with jukeboxes than with musical instruments. In 1942, organ production at the North Tonawanda factory ceased and production was shifted to the manufacture of bomb <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximity fuses">proximity fuses</a> for <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. After the war, normal production efforts resumed but with more focus on radios, <a href="/wiki/Jukeboxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jukeboxes">jukeboxes</a> and small electronic organs for private homes. The <a href="/wiki/Riviera_Theatre_(North_Tonawanda,_New_York)" title="Riviera Theatre (North Tonawanda, New York)">Rivera Theatre</a>, also in North Tonawanda, possesses one of these historic organs as well as <a href="/wiki/Shea%27s_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Shea's Performing Arts Center">Shea's Performing Arts Center</a> in Buffalo, New York. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Electronic_organs"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png/115px-Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png/173px-Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png/230px-Wurlitzer_Model_44_Electrostatic_Reed_Organ.png 2x" data-file-width="1604" data-file-height="1940" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wurlitzer <b>Model 44</b> <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_pickup" title="Electrostatic pickup">electrostatic</a> reed organ (1953–64)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg/185px-Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg/278px-Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg/370px-Wurlitzer_4100_BP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wurlitzer 4100 BP electronic organ with chord unit (1959–1963)</div></div></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_(blur).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg/129px-Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg/194px-Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg/258px-Wurlitzer_electronic_organ_%28blur%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1521" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wurlitzer <b>Model 805</b> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic organ">electronic organ</a> with <b>Orbit III</b> <a href="/wiki/Monophonic_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophonic synthesizer">monophonic synth</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(upper mini key)</span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg/171px-Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg/257px-Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg/342px-Wurlitzer_Omni_6500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wurlitzer <b>Omni 6500</b> (1985)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Among Wurlitzer's electronic instruments, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_reed_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrostatic reed organ">electrostatic reed organs</a> in 1947, the most important have been the fully <a href="/wiki/Electronic_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic organ">electronic organs</a>, especially the two-manual-and-pedals spinet type (from 1971 with synthesizer features) for domestic use. In the mid-1950s, Wurlitzer began manufacturing portable <a href="/wiki/Wurlitzer_electric_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurlitzer electric piano">electric pianos</a>. </p><p>Rembert Wurlitzer (1904–1963) independently directed the firm's violin department from 1949 until his death in 1963, building it into a leading international center for rare string instruments. </p><p>In the 1960s, Wurlitzer ventured into new instrument markets. In 1964, Wurlitzer bought the rights, registered trademarks, copyrights, patents, engineering records and factory of the Henry C. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Band_Instrument_Company" title="Martin Band Instrument Company">Martin Band Instrument Company</a>, which manufactured brass wind instruments in Elkhart, Indiana (not to be confused with the C.F. Martin & Company guitar maker). In 1967, Wurlitzer entered the guitar market as the sole distributor of Holman-Woodell guitars, which were originally sold under the Wurlitzer brand. Wurlitzer then switched to an Italian guitar maker, Welson, before abandoning guitar sales altogether in 1969. </p><p>While original Wurlitzer jukeboxes sold well, technology soon outpaced Wurlitzer. By the 1950s, other companies dominated the jukebox market. Wurlitzer sold its Martin rights to <a href="/wiki/Leblanc_(musical_instrument_manufacturer)" title="Leblanc (musical instrument manufacturer)">LeBlanc</a> in 1971, to focus on its core markets with pianos and jukeboxes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, Wurlitzer sold its jukebox brand to a German company and closed the North Tonawanda factory. The former Wurlitzer complex today hosts a business park, contractors' supply store, storage, offices, restaurants and a Platter's Chocolate factory. Piano and organ manufacturing continued in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> factories for several years. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Piano_Company" title="Baldwin Piano Company">Baldwin Piano Company</a> purchased Wurlitzer's piano-making assets and brand in 1988. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Guitar_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibson Guitar Corporation">Gibson Guitar Corporation</a> acquired Baldwin and operated it as a wholly owned subsidiary. Meanwhile, Gibson acquired Deutsche Wurlitzer Jukebox and Electronics Vending brand in 2006, briefly bringing the primary Wurlitzer product lines back under one owner. However, Baldwin stopped using the Wurlitzer name on pianos by the end of 2009. Gibson now uses the Wurlitzer brand name exclusively for jukeboxes and vending machines.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wurlitzer continues to manufacture jukeboxes and vending machines at its factory in Hullhorst, Germany. Wurlitzer headquarters are located in Hullhorst, and it has distribution and sales offices in Gurnee, Illinois and Oxfordshire, England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acoustic_pianos">Acoustic pianos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Acoustic pianos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG/220px-Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG/330px-Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG/440px-Detalle_de_piano_Wurlitzer_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Keyboard of a Wurlitzer acoustic piano</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in about 1880, Wurlitzer built a full line of upright and grand pianos. In 1914, Wurlitzer became the sole distributor of Melville Clark Pianos and in 1919 acquired the Melville Clark company. Wurlitzer continued to manufacture pianos at the Clark factory in DeKalb, Illinois under the Melville Clark name. Other brands which have been manufactured by Wurlitzer are Apollo, De Kalb, Julius Bauer, Farney, Kingston, Kurtzman, Merrium, Schaff Bros. and Underwood.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wurlitzer excelled in piano design. It developed the "Pentagonal Soundboard", "Tone crafted hammers", and other unique innovations to help its pianos produce a richer, fuller tone. In 1935, it was one of the first manufacturers to offer the spinet piano to the mass market. This 39-inch high piano was an instant sensation. The spinet came at an opportune time, when many Americans could not afford a full upright or grand. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Butterfly_grand_pianos">Butterfly grand pianos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Butterfly grand pianos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg/220px-Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg/330px-Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg/440px-Wurlitzerbutterfly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Wurlitzer Butterfly Art Deco Deluxe 88-key piano – Model 1411</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid 1930s, Wurlitzer unveiled a line of symmetrical grand pianos, or "Butterfly" grands. At this point in Wurlitzer history, all piano manufacturing was exclusively in DeKalb, Illinois. Models ranged from the Student Butterfly having 44 keys, to the 88 key Deluxe Art Deco Streamline Model 1411. </p><p>Model 1411 had many innovative patented features. A quartet of raised banding around the body were actually functional sound port slots that radiate all the way around the case, allowing sound to escape the cabinet with the lids closed. The most notable feature was the symmetrical lids that opened like butterfly wings. These lids open to reveal a secondary ported removable inner lid. These lids are decoratively cut out to allow the sound to ring out via a large F hole, similar to a violin, as well as multiple radial slots along the outer edge. Another design innovation was the "Tone Amplifier". The device consists of a metal flat bar between the piano rim, running under the bass bridge to a fixed point on the soundboard, designed to bring out the tone on a smaller piano. A screw mechanism on top of the bridge allowed adjustment of the tonal output. </p><p>Wurlitzer made at least three different versions of the 73 key model butterfly. Each had variations in appointments, such as legs, lyres, and sheet music stands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Band_organs">Band organs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Band organs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wurlitzer_Band_Organs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Wurlitzer Band Organs">List of Wurlitzer Band Organs</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Tonawanda_Barrel_Organ_Factory" title="North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory">North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_(1924),_Pullen_Park_Carousel,_Raleigh,_NC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_%281924%29%2C_Pullen_Park_Carousel%2C_Raleigh%2C_NC.jpg/246px-Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_%281924%29%2C_Pullen_Park_Carousel%2C_Raleigh%2C_NC.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_%281924%29%2C_Pullen_Park_Carousel%2C_Raleigh%2C_NC.jpg/369px-Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_%281924%29%2C_Pullen_Park_Carousel%2C_Raleigh%2C_NC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_%281924%29%2C_Pullen_Park_Carousel%2C_Raleigh%2C_NC.jpg/492px-Wurlitzer_125_Band_organ_%281924%29%2C_Pullen_Park_Carousel%2C_Raleigh%2C_NC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pullen_Park_Carousel" title="Pullen Park Carousel">Pullen Park Carousel</a> Wurlitzer 125 Band Organ in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a> imposed high <a href="/wiki/Import_tariff" class="mw-redirect" title="Import tariff">import tariffs</a> on street and fairground organ importation in 1892,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wurlitzer began producing mechanical organs. Most were small <a href="/wiki/Barrel_organ" title="Barrel organ">barrel organs</a>, playing from a pinned barrel and powered by either steam or cranked by hand. Many of these organs have cases finished in dark (and sometimes black) wood, with gold incised designs, not unlike those of the European manufacturers of barrel organs. </p><p>As parts were not subject to import tariffs, almost all Wurlitzer band organs are copied from designs by European manufacturers. For example, the style 104 and style 105 were copied from a Gebrüder Bruder barrel organ. The style 146 was identical copied from Brüder's model 79 fairground organ, except that the side wings (portions of the façade concealing the drums) were removed. The style 157 was copied from a <a href="/wiki/Gavioli" title="Gavioli">Gavioli</a> special style of organ (only 2 or 3 of this style of organ are known to exist; the former organ at <a href="/wiki/Dorney_Park_%26_Wildwater_Kingdom" title="Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom">Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom</a> was one, but it was destroyed in a fire). And, the style 165 is copied from the Gebrüder Bruder "Elite Apollo Orchester." </p><p>As demand for organs grew from the fairground operators, Wurlitzer was approached by <a href="/wiki/Eugene_de_Kleist" title="Eugene de Kleist">Eugene de Kleist</a>, an-ex employee of <a href="/wiki/Limonaire_Fr%C3%A8res" title="Limonaire Frères">Limonaire Frères</a> and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/North_Tonawanda_Barrel_Organ_Factory" title="North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory">North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory</a>. After de Kleist developed the tonophone for the company, which won a gold medal at the 1901 <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition" title="Pan-American Exposition">Pan-American Exposition</a>, Wurlitzer invested in his company. Wurlitzer bought de Kleist's interest in the business in 1909 and assumed operation of the North Tonawanda factory. The new company invested in new technology, resulting in the adoption of electric motors, and the music source was changed from pinned barrels to perforated paper rolls similar to a player piano roll. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg/220px-Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg/330px-Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg/440px-Wurlitzer_153_Duplex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Duplex roll mechanism of a Wurlitzer 153 band organ</figcaption></figure><p> In addition to manufacturing band organs, Wurlitzer also converted band organs made by other companies to their roll scales. This generally resulted in the converted organ having an expanded musical library due to the vast amount of available Wurlitzer music rolls. However, these conversions sometimes required modifications to the organ's pipes and could permanently change the sound of the converted organ.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Frati Band Organ." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg/220px-FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg/330px-FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg/440px-FratiBandOrgan_LakesidePark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Frati & Co. Band Organ at the <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Park_Carousel" title="Lakeside Park Carousel">Lakeside Park Carousel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port_Dalhousie" title="Port Dalhousie">Port Dalhousie</a>, Ontario, is an example of a band organ converted by Wurlitzer to play the Wurlitzer 150 roll scale.</figcaption></figure> <p>The production of Wurlitzer organs ceased in 1939, the last organ to leave the factory being a style 165 organ in a 157 case (done because Wurlitzer had an extra 157 case remaining in the factory and the owner didn't mind the change). During the Great Depression leading up to the end of production, various cost-cutting measures were made, such as the substitution of brass horn and trumpet pipes for ones made of wood (though arguably the change from brass to wood may have been due to the shrill sound produced by the brass pipes which some people may have found unpleasant; wood pipes produced a mellower sound). </p><p>Some orchestrions made by the company can be found at <a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Trading_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark's Trading Post">Clark's Trading Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_New_Hampshire" title="Lincoln, New Hampshire">Lincoln, New Hampshire</a>, the Music Hall, <a href="/wiki/Nevada_City,_Montana" title="Nevada City, Montana">Nevada City, Montana</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Sanfilippo" title="Jasper Sanfilippo">Jasper Sanfilippo</a> Collection at <a href="/wiki/Sanfilippo_Place_de_la_Musique" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanfilippo Place de la Musique">Victorian Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrington_Hills,_Illinois" title="Barrington Hills, Illinois">Barrington Hills, Illinois</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nickelodeons_and_player_pianos">Nickelodeons and player pianos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nickelodeons and player pianos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG/246px-Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG" decoding="async" width="246" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG/369px-Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG/492px-Mus%C3%A9e_M%C3%A9canique_143.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Wurlitzer nickelodeon</figcaption></figure> <p>Wurlitzer, starting around 1900 until circa 1935 produced nickelodeon pianos, or coin pianos, which are electrically operated player pianos that take coins to operate, like a jukebox. </p><p>The company produced various models of nickelodeons, such as the early Wurlitzer Mandolin Quartette – Wurlitzer's alternative to the Regina Sublima Piano. This machine has a reiterating piano with mandolin attachment along with an accompanying piano. They later introduced the Wurlitzer A.P.P. roll; a universal roll to be used on all subsequent Wurlitzer nickelodeons. Models such as the B(X), C(X), D(X) and I(X) use this roll. </p><p>Wurlitzer also produced an automatic roll changer system so when a roll finished rewinding another was put on in a carousel-like system. An 'X' at the end of a model number indicates that model was fitted with a roll changer. </p><p>Records indicate Wurlitzer sold player piano mechanisms to other manufacturers who installed Wurlitzer components in their own pianos and sold them under other brand names. One example is the Milner player piano company. Milner pianos were built in Cincinnati at a time consistent with Wurlitzer's presence there. Company records suggest Wurlitzer acquired the Milner company<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to the several other companies acquired by Wurlitzer over the years, but it is possible that Milner may have simply used Wurlitzer components in their own product. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_organs">Theatre organs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Theatre organs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg/246px-Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg/369px-Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg/492px-Berlin_Wurlitzer_Spieltisch_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The keyboard of a "Mighty Wurlitzer", from the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Musical_Instrument_Museum" title="Berlin Musical Instrument Museum">Berlin Musical Instrument Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_(1923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_%281923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ%29.jpg/246px-Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_%281923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_%281923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ%29.jpg/369px-Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_%281923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_%281923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ%29.jpg/492px-Stahls_Automotive_Collection_December_2021_152_%281923_Wurlitzer_Theatre_Pipe_Organ%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A 1923 Wurlitzer Theatre Pipe Organ at <a href="/wiki/Stahls_Automotive_Collection" title="Stahls Automotive Collection">Stahls Automotive Collection</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg/170px-MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg/255px-MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg/340px-MIM_Mighty_Wurlitzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2770" data-file-height="3067" /></a><figcaption>Mighty Wurlitzer type 250, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Musical_Instrument_Museum" title="Berlin Musical Instrument Museum">Berlin Musical Instrument Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hope-Jones" title="Robert Hope-Jones">Robert Hope-Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wurlitzers_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurlitzers in the United Kingdom">Wurlitzers in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>Perhaps the most famous instruments Wurlitzer built were its <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organs</a> (from 1914 until 1943), which were installed in theatres, homes, churches, and other venues. These were marketed as <i>The Mighty Wurlitzers</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hope-Jones" title="Robert Hope-Jones">Robert Hope-Jones</a> is considered the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_organ" title="Theatre organ">theatre organ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1887 and 1911 his company employed 112 workers at its peak, producing 246 organs.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But shortly after merging his organ business with Wurlitzer, he committed suicide in 1914 in Rochester, New York, frustrated by his new association with the Wurlitzer company, it is said.<sup id="cite_ref-Resonance_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Resonance-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moving the business to their <a href="/wiki/North_Tonawanda_Barrel_Organ_Factory" title="North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory">North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory</a>, from 1914 to 1942, Wurlitzer built over 2,243 pipe organs: 30 times the rate of Hope-Jones company, and more theatre organs than the rest of the theatre organ manufacturers combined. </p><p>A number were shipped overseas, with the largest export market being the <a href="/wiki/Wurlitzers_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurlitzers in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The first of these theatre pipe organs to be shipped to the United Kingdom was dispatched from the North Tonawanda factory on 1 December 1924. It opened at its first location – The Picture House in <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a>, at the end of January 1925. This particular instrument (Britain's oldest Wurlitzer organ) is now located at the Congregational Church in <a href="/wiki/Beer,_Devon" title="Beer, Devon">Beer, Devon</a>. Regular concerts and shows are hosted on the Beer Wurlitzer.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest Wurlitzer organ originally built (in terms of pipes), was the four-<a href="/wiki/Manual_(music)" title="Manual (music)">manual</a> / 58-rank (set of pipes) instrument at <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> in New York City. The Music Hall instrument is actually a concert instrument, capable of playing a classical as well as non-classical repertoire. It, along with the organ at the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Denver,_Colorado)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Theatre (Denver, Colorado)">Paramount Theatre</a> in Denver Colorado are the only Wurlitzer installations still in use that have dual <a href="/wiki/Organ_console" title="Organ console">consoles</a>. While Denver's is the typical "master-slave" system, Radio City is the only surviving original Wurlitzer installation to have two identical and completely independent consoles playing the same organ. Both instruments have been substantially altered in more recent years. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manual_(music)" title="Manual (music)">5-Manual</a> theatre organ consoles are extremely rare, and only three were built by Wurlitzer: </p> <ul><li>Opus 1351 (28 ranks), originally installed in the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Building" title="Michigan Building">Michigan Theatre</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. The organ was removed in 1956 and is now installed in a private residence in <a href="/wiki/Racine,_Wisconsin" title="Racine, Wisconsin">Racine, Wisconsin</a>. Six additional ranks were added, to make it a 34-rank.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Opus 1587 (21 ranks), originally installed in the Marbro Theatre, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. It is now installed at the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Providence Performing Arts Center">Providence Performing Arts Center</a> in Rhode Island.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Opus 1942 (21 ranks), originally installed in the <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Theatre_(Chicago)" title="Paradise Theatre (Chicago)">Paradise Theatre</a>, in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-http://barton.theatreorgans.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://barton.theatreorgans.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1955, a group of enthusiasts met in the dining room of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Simonton" title="Richard Simonton">Richard Simonton</a>, an early investor of <a href="/wiki/Muzak" title="Muzak">Muzak</a> and formed the <i>American Theatre Organ Enthusiasts</i> (ATOE) to preserve remaining theatre organs, including those by other builders, such as <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morton_Organ_Company" title="Robert Morton Organ Company">Morton</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._P._Moller" title="M. P. Moller">Möller</a>, <a href="/wiki/W.W._Kimball_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.W. Kimball Company">Kimball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marr_and_Colton" title="Marr and Colton">Marr and Colton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barton_Organ_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Barton Organ Company">Barton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kilgen" title="Kilgen">Kilgen</a>. The ATOE is now known as the <a href="/wiki/American_Theatre_Organ_Society" title="American Theatre Organ Society">American Theatre Organ Society</a> (ATOS).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar society formed in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> in 1952 known as the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Organ_Society" title="Cinema Organ Society">Cinema Organ Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jukeboxes">Jukeboxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jukeboxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:248px;max-width:248px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg/120px-Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg/180px-Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg/240px-Midcentury_24-disc_Wurlitzer_jukebox_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wurlitzer 24-disc jukebox</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg/120px-Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg/180px-Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg/240px-Dscn2823-Wurlitzer-3500-Zodiac-On.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wurlitzer 3500 jukebox (1971)</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">Jukebox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homer_E._Capehart" title="Homer E. Capehart">Homer E. Capehart</a></div> <p>The Wurlitzer was the iconic jukebox of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Band">Big Band</a> era, to the extent that Wurlitzer came in some places to be a generic name for any jukebox. (In <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, "wurlitzer" still means "jukebox", for example – despite Hungarian only using the letter W for words of foreign origin). Wurlitzer's success was due to a first rate marketing department (headed by future <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Homer_Capehart" class="mw-redirect" title="Homer Capehart">Homer Capehart</a>), the reliable Simplex record changer, and the designs of engineer Paul Fuller who created many cabinet styles in the "light-up" design idiom. Another significant factor contributing to Wurlitzer's success was the end of Prohibition in 1933 and the resulting increase in the market for coin-operated music machines in bars and dance halls. </p><p>Wurlitzer's original jukeboxes played only ten 78 rpm records, one side only, later expanded to 24. With the advent of smaller 45 rpm records, Wurlitzer was beat to the punch by Seeburg mechanisms which could play both sides of 50 different records, yielding 100 song choices.<sup id="cite_ref-juke_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Wurlitzer ceded the crown of industry leader to rival <a href="/wiki/Seeburg_Corporation" title="Seeburg Corporation">Seeburg</a> in the 1950s, Fuller's designs are so emblematic of jukeboxes in general that 1940s era Wurlitzers are often used to invoke the Rock n' Roll period in films and television. Wurlitzer struggled on for 20 years or so and made one final effort to keep its jukebox business viable with a nostalgic 1971 model called the "1050". The model did not sell well and only 1,600 units were produced. The jukebox line was sold to a German company in 1973. </p><p>Already in 1960, Wurlitzer founded a wholly owned subsidiary in Hullhorst, Germany, the DEUTSCHE WURLITZER GMBH, which was building electronic organs, vending machines, mostly cigarette vendors, and jukeboxes for the European market. Deutsche Wurlitzer was at that time a major factor in Europe for vending machines and coin-operated phonographs, the internal word for jukeboxes. In 1974, when Wurlitzer in the US ceased to build jukeboxes, Deutsche Wurlitzer continued and served the European markets and partly also the USA by own distributors. Deutsche Wurlitzer GmbH was sold in 1985 to the Australian "Nelson Group of Companies, based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. As it is said below Gibson Guitar Corporation bought Deutsche Wurlitzer by acquiring Baldwin Piano Company, who bought the US Wurlitzer company before. The Australian owned German company continued to manufacture vending machines and jukeboxes and was acquired by Gibson Guitar around 2008. Reason was, that the major shareholder of the Gibson Group would not like the German company to have the right to use the WURLITZER name and logo. in 2013, Deutsche Wurlitzer went out of business and the remaining part was sold to German investors. An attempt to continue with products and a new name was not successful. </p><p>Jukeboxes bearing the Wurlitzer name were in production until the company ceased manufacturing in 2013. The Gibson Guitar Corporation acquired the German jukebox and vending machine manufacturer that made them in 2006. The more recent models are able to play CDs. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wurlitzer210.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wurlitzer210.png/246px-Wurlitzer210.png" decoding="async" width="246" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wurlitzer210.png/369px-Wurlitzer210.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wurlitzer210.png/492px-Wurlitzer210.png 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="1986" /></a><figcaption>Wurlitzer 210 electric piano</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_pianos">Electric pianos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electric pianos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wurlitzer_electronic_piano" title="Wurlitzer electronic piano">Wurlitzer electronic piano</a></div> <p>From 1955 to 1982, the company also produced the Wurlitzer electric piano series, an electrically amplified piano variant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_guitars">Electric guitars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Electric guitars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1966, music store owner Howard Holman used his contacts at the Martin Band Instrument Company, owned by Wurlitzer at that time, to convince Wurlitzer to distribute a line of electric guitars manufactured by Holman's start-up company in Kansas. Wurlitzer became the sole distributor of guitars made by the Holman-Woodell Company of Neodesha, Kansas. </p><p>The guitar labels reflected Wurlitzer's Elkhart, Indiana, location, but with the exception of a handful of prototypes made above Holman's music store in Independence, Kansas, the guitars themselves were built in a small two-story building on Main Street in Neodesha. Three models were available: the Cougar, Wildcat and Gemini, all of which were functionally similar but featured different body shapes. The majority of the Kansas-made instruments were six-string guitars, with only a handful of basses being manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-macy97_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macy97-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distinguishing features of the first Wurlitzer branded guitars are the W-shaped cut-out in the tremolo mounting plate and the Rock/Jazz selection rocker switch above each pick-up. Another feature of the earliest Wurlitzer electrics was that they were wired for stereo output. In 1967, Wurlitzer ceased its affiliation with the Holman-Woodell Company, possibly due to problems with the finish on Holman-Woodell guitars which resulted in many instruments being returned to the factory. </p><p>Beginning in 1967, Wurlitzer-branded guitars were manufactured by Welson in Italy, and the Wurlitzer line expanded to include semi-hollow body electric as well as acoustic guitars.<sup id="cite_ref-macy97_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macy97-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wurlitzer continued to distribute Welson-made guitars under the Wurlitzer name until 1969 when Wurlitzer stopped selling guitars under its own name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurlitzer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLudwig2013" class="citation web cs1">Ludwig, Corinna (June 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=45">"Rudolph Wurlitzer (1831–1914)"</a>. <i><a 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beerwurlitzer.org.uk">the original</a> on November 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friends+of+Beer+Wurlitzer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beerwurlitzer.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2015" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Chelsey (November 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.jsonline.com/greensheet/3000-pipe-organ-rules-caledonia-mans-basement-bijou-b99608588z1-343229442.html">"3,000-pipe organ rules Caledonia man's 'basement bijou'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel">Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel&rft.atitle=3%2C000-pipe+organ+rules+Caledonia+man%27s+%27basement+bijou%27&rft.date=2015-11-08&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Chelsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.jsonline.com%2Fgreensheet%2F3000-pipe-organ-rules-caledonia-mans-basement-bijou-b99608588z1-343229442.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rirocks.net/Search/loewspalace.htm">"Providence Performing Arts Center"</a>. <i>Rhode Island Rocks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rhode+Island+Rocks&rft.atitle=Providence+Performing+Arts+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rirocks.net%2FSearch%2Floewspalace.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://barton.theatreorgans.com-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-http://barton.theatreorgans.com_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatreorgans.com/AU/opus/OPUSLIST/opus.asp?Page=242">"Wurlitzer Opus List"</a>. <i>Vintage Hammond</i>. p. 242<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vintage+Hammond&rft.atitle=Wurlitzer+Opus+List&rft.pages=242&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatreorgans.com%2FAU%2Fopus%2FOPUSLIST%2Fopus.asp%3FPage%3D242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atos.org/about/history/atos">"ATOS History"</a>. <i>American Theatre Organ Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Theatre+Organ+Society&rft.atitle=ATOS+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atos.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fatos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinema-organs.org.uk/">"About Us"</a>. <i>The Cinema Organ Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cinema+Organ+Society&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinema-organs.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macy97-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-macy97_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-macy97_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacyWright1997" class="citation journal cs1">Macy, Kevin; Wright, Michael (July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wurlitzerguitars.com/files/holmanguitars.pdf">"Holman Guitars"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Guitar_(magazine)" title="Vintage Guitar (magazine)">Vintage Guitar</a></i>: 22–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vintage+Guitar&rft.atitle=Holman+Guitars&rft.pages=22-27&rft.date=1997-07&rft.aulast=Macy&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Wright%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wurlitzerguitars.com%2Ffiles%2Fholmanguitars.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWurlitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchal" class="citation journal cs1">Marchal, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fetishguitars.com/welson/welson-uk/">"Welson"</a>. <i>FetishGuitars.com</i>.</cite><span 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Organs" title="Austin Organs">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcom_and_Vaughan" title="Balcom and Vaughan">Balcom & Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartola_Musical_Instrument_Company" title="Bartola Musical Instrument Company">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hill_%26_Son_%26_Norman_%26_Beard_Ltd." title="William Hill & Son & Norman & Beard Ltd.">Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Compton_(organ_builder)" title="John Compton (organ builder)">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estey_Organ" title="Estey Organ">Estey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Organ_Company" title="Geneva Organ Company">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillgreen-Lane" title="Hillgreen-Lane">Hillgreen-Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinners_Organ_Company" title="Hinners Organ Company">Hinners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hill_%26_Son_%26_Norman_%26_Beard_Ltd." title="William Hill & Son & Norman & Beard Ltd.">Hill, Norman & Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hope-Jones" title="Robert Hope-Jones">Hope-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilgen" title="Kilgen">Kilgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_International" title="Kimball International">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Piano_and_Organ_Company" title="Link Piano and Organ Company">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marr_and_Colton" title="Marr and Colton">Marr & Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midmer-Losh_Organ_Company" title="Midmer-Losh Organ Company">Midmer-Losh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._P._Moller" title="M. P. Moller">Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morton_Organ_Company" title="Robert Morton Organ Company">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Organ_Company" title="Page Organ Company">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuter_Organ_Company" title="Reuter Organ Company">Reuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morton_Organ_Company" title="Robert Morton Organ Company">Robert Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_M._Skinner" title="Ernest M. Skinner">E. M. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welte-Mignon" title="Welte-Mignon">Welte-Mignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicks_Organ_Company" title="Wicks Organ Company">Wicks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wurlitzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Organ_Company" title="Allen Organ Company">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.G._Conn" class="mw-redirect" title="C.G. Conn">Conn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodgers_Instruments" title="Rodgers Instruments">Rodgers</a></li> <li>Walker</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console,_Michigan_Theater_(Ann_Arbor,_Michigan).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barton Theatre Organ"><img alt="Barton Theatre Organ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console%2C_Michigan_Theater_%28Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%29.jpg/200px-Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console%2C_Michigan_Theater_%28Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console%2C_Michigan_Theater_%28Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%29.jpg/300px-Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console%2C_Michigan_Theater_%28Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console%2C_Michigan_Theater_%28Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%29.jpg/400px-Barton_Opus_245_3-13_console%2C_Michigan_Theater_%28Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br /> artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Anderson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Bernie Anderson, Jr.">Bernie Anderson, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ena_Baga" title="Ena Baga">Ena Baga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baines" title="William Baines">William Baines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Binge" title="Ronald Binge">Ronald Binge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Blackmore" title="Rod Blackmore">Rod Blackmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswell_Blakeston" title="Oswell Blakeston">Oswell Blakeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Carpenter" title="Cameron Carpenter">Cameron Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Carter" title="Gaylord Carter">Gaylord Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Chadwick" title="Doreen Chadwick">Doreen Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Cole_(musician)" title="Buddy Cole (musician)">Buddy Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Crawford" title="Jesse Crawford">Jesse Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_De_Jong" title="Florence De Jong">Florence De Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dixon" title="Reginald Dixon">Reginald Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ellis_(organist)" title="Martin Ellis (organist)">Martin Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Erwin_(organist)" title="Lee Erwin (organist)">Lee Erwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Finch" title="Horace Finch">Horace Finch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Foort" title="Reginald Foort">Reginald Foort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_W._Jackson,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Graham W. Jackson, Sr.">Graham W. Jackson, Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_James_(musician)" title="Dennis James (musician)">Dennis James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Kann" title="Stan Kann">Stan Kann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Kelsall" title="Phil Kelsall">Phil Kelsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lemare" title="Edwin Lemare">Edwin Lemare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Loxam" title="Arnold Loxam">Arnold Loxam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_MacClain" title="Leonard MacClain">Leonard MacClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_MacPherson" title="Sandy MacPherson">Sandy MacPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Melgard" title="Al Melgard">Al Melgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchell_(organist)" title="Robert Mitchell (organist)">Bob Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Moore" title="Gerald Moore">Gerald Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_New" title="Reginald New">Reginald New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Ogden" title="Nigel Ogden">Nigel Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla_Pandit" title="Korla Pandit">Korla Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Purvis" title="Richard Purvis">Richard Purvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ralston" title="Bob Ralston">Bob Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Richmond" title="Robin Richmond">Robin Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Rio" title="Rosa Rio">Rosa Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Roxy_Rothafel" title="Samuel Roxy Rothafel">Samuel Roxy Rothafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Savage" title="Dudley Savage">Dudley Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Simonton" title="Richard Simonton">Richard Simonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fela_Sowande" title="Fela Sowande">Fela Sowande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Stalling" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Stalling">Carl Stalling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Strony" title="Walt Strony">Walt Strony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmin_Swinnen" title="Firmin Swinnen">Firmin Swinnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Torch" title="Sidney Torch">Sidney Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wallace" title="Oliver Wallace">Oliver Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_White_(organist)" title="Pearl White (organist)">Pearl White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(organist)" title="George Wright (organist)">George Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jess_Yates" title="Jess Yates">Jess Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Theatre_Organ_Society" title="American Theatre Organ Society">American Theatre Organ Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Organ_Society" title="Cinema Organ Society">Cinema Organ Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Organ_Society_of_Australia" title="Theatre Organ Society of Australia">Theatre Organ Society of Australia</a></li></ul> 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