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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Christian_pacifist_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Christian_pacifist_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other Christian pacifist groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_Christian_pacifist_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other Christian pacifist groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_Christian_pacifist_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christadelphians,_1863" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christadelphians,_1863"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Christadelphians, 1863</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christadelphians,_1863-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doukhobors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doukhobors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Doukhobors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doukhobors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holiness_Pacifists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holiness_Pacifists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Holiness Pacifists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holiness_Pacifists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh-day_Adventist_Church,_1867" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh-day_Adventist_Church,_1867"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Seventh-day Adventist Church, 1867</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh-day_Adventist_Church,_1867-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches_of_God_(7th_day)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches_of_God_(7th_day)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Churches of God (7th day)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches_of_God_(7th_day)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molokans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molokans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Molokans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molokans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partially_pacifist_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partially_pacifist_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Partially pacifist groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Partially_pacifist_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian churches advocating pacifism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anabaptism" title="Category:Anabaptism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands"><img alt="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/220px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/330px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/440px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6594" data-file-height="5283" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">A 1685 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Luyken" title="Jan Luyken">Jan Luyken</a>, published in <i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i>, of <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Willems" title="Dirk Willems">Dirk Willems</a> saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near <a href="/wiki/Asperen" title="Asperen">Asperen</a> in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrines and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology of Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">Believer's baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Lovefeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformity_to_the_world" title="Nonconformity to the world">Nonconformity to the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Holy kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleitheim_Confession" title="Schleitheim Confession">Schleitheim Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_Confession_of_Faith" title="Dordrecht Confession of Faith">Dordrecht Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund">Ausbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key people</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Blaurock" title="George Blaurock">George Blaurock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Denck" title="Hans Denck">Hans Denck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Conrad Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Hoffman" title="Melchior Hoffman">Melchior Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hut" title="Hans Hut">Hans Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Hutter" title="Jakob Hutter">Jakob Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mack" title="Alexander Mack">Alexander Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Manz" title="Felix Manz">Felix Manz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgram_Marpeck" title="Pilgram Marpeck">Pilgram Marpeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Rink" title="Melchior Rink">Melchior Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sattler" title="Michael Sattler">Michael Sattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Largest groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ_Church" title="Brethren in Christ Church">Brethren in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_World_Conference" title="Mennonite World Conference">Mennonite World Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Brethren_Church" title="Mennonite Brethren Church">Mennonite Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_Mennonites" title="Old Colony Mennonites">Old Colony Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brethren" title="River Brethren">River Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Russian Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_True_Inspiration" title="Community of True Inspiration">Inspirationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Anabaptism" title="Neo-Anabaptism">Neo-Anabaptism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template talk:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peace churches</b> are <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches, groups or communities advocating <a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a> or Biblical nonresistance. The term <b>historic peace churches</b> refers specifically only to three church groups among pacifist churches: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Church of the Brethren</a>, including all daughter churches such as the <a href="/wiki/Old_German_Baptist_Brethren" title="Old German Baptist Brethren">Old German Baptist Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Brethren">Old Brethren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dunkard_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunkard Brethren">Dunkard Brethren</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Religious Society of Friends</a> (Quakers); and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beachy_Amish" title="Beachy Amish">Beachy Amish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li></ul> <p>In addition to the Schwarzenau Brethren and Mennonites, other Anabaptist Christian fellowships, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hutterian_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutterian Brethren">Hutterian Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Brethren" title="River Brethren">River Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christian Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruderhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruderhof">Bruderhof</a> teach pacifism as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones1974_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones1974-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bruderhof2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruderhof2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This phrase has been used since the first conference of the peace churches in Kansas in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-Concise_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concise-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The definition of "peace churches" is sometimes expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a> (from 1863) and others who did not participate in the conference of the "historic peace churches" in Kansas in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The peace churches agree that <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> advocated <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>. Whether physical force can ever be justified in <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">defending oneself</a> is controversial. Most believers adhere strictly to a moral attitude of <a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">nonresistance</a> in the face of violence. These churches generally concur that violence on behalf of nations and their governments is contrary to <a href="/wiki/Christian_morality" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian morality">Christian morality</a>, but agree that the teachings of Jesus were to explain the principles of the Kingdom of God rather than and contrasted with the ways of any earthly government. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Deserter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Deserter.jpg/220px-The_Deserter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Deserter.jpg/330px-The_Deserter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Deserter.jpg/440px-The_Deserter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><i>The Deserter</i> (1916) by <a href="/wiki/Boardman_Robinson" title="Boardman Robinson">Boardman Robinson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif/220px-Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif/330px-Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Blessed_are_the_peacemakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed are the peacemakers">Blessed are the Peacemakers</a></i> (1917) by <a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">George Bellows</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among all Christian denominations, there have always been groups of members who advocate nonviolence, but certain churches have consistently supported it since their foundation. Besides the three historic peace churches, they include the <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonites" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Order Mennonites">Old Order Mennonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_in_Christ,_Mennonite" title="Church of God in Christ, Mennonite">Holdeman Mennonites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_German_Baptist_Brethren" title="Old German Baptist Brethren">Old German Baptist Brethren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_Order_River_Brethren" title="Old Order River Brethren">Old Order River Brethren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Brethren in Christ">Brethren in Christ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas2014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others in the <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> tradition; <a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Molokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Molokan">Molokans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Moroi2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moroi2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dunkard_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunkard Brethren">Dunkard Brethren</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dukh-i-zhizniki</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof Communities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even some groups within the <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest <a href="/wiki/Finished_Work_Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Finished Work Pentecostal">Finished Work Pentecostal</a> denomination, the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, abandoned pacifism around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groups have disagreed, both internally and with each other, about the propriety of <a href="/wiki/Non-combatant" title="Non-combatant">non-combatant</a> military roles, such as unarmed medical personnel, or performing non-battlefield services that assist nations in wartime, such as manufacturing munitions. One position might argue that Jesus would never object to helping people who are suffering, while another might object that doing so contributes indirectly to violence by freeing other people to engage in it. Most peace churches support alternative service options such as service to refugees or in hospitals, as long as they are not associated with the military. </p><p>In America the first conference of historic peace churches was held in 1935 in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-Concise_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concise-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five years later in Canada, the Conference of Historic Peace Churches was formed in Ontario in 1940, headed by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Sherk" title="Harold Sherk">Harold Sherk</a> to represent Mennonite, Brethren, and Quaker churches as they sought exemption from military service.<sup id="cite_ref-BiographicalDictionary1985_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BiographicalDictionary1985-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one time, active membership in and acceptance of the beliefs of one of the peace churches was required for obtaining <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a> status in the United States, and hence exemption from military <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>, or for those already in the military, <a href="/wiki/Honorable_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorable discharge">honorable discharge</a>. But after a series of court rulings, this requirement was dropped. In the United States, one may now claim conscientious objector status based on a personal belief system that need not be Christian, nor even based on religion.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peace churches, especially those with sufficient financial and organizational resources, have attempted to heal the ravages of war without favoritism. This has often aroused controversy, as when the Quakers sent large shipments of food and medicine to <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, and to U.S.-<a href="/wiki/Embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Embargo">embargoed</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. The <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Central_Committee" title="Mennonite Central Committee">Mennonite Central Committee</a> are two charitable denominational agencies set up to provide such healing. </p><p>In the 1980s, the Quakers, Brethren, and Mennonites came together to create <a href="/wiki/Christian_Peacemaker_Teams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Peacemaker Teams">Christian Peacemaker Teams</a>, an international organization that works to reduce violence and systematic <a href="/wiki/Injustice" title="Injustice">injustice</a> in regions of conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was motivated by the desire for Christians to take peacemaking as seriously as soldiers and governments take war-making.<sup id="cite_ref-sider_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sider-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Christian_pacifist_groups">Other Christian pacifist groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other Christian pacifist groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christadelphians,_1863"><span id="Christadelphians.2C_1863"></span>Christadelphians, 1863</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christadelphians, 1863"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Christadelphian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christadelphian">Christadelphians</a> are one of only a small number of churches whose identity as a denomination is directly linked to the issue of Christian pacifism.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the grouping which later took the name "Christadelphian" had largely separated from the <a href="/wiki/Campbellite" title="Campbellite">Campbellite</a> movement in Scotland and America after 1848, it was <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">conscription in the American Civil War</a> which caused their local church in <a href="/wiki/Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Ogle County, Illinois">Ogle County, Illinois</a>, to register as <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscientious objectors">conscientious objectors</a> in 1863 under the name "Christadelphians."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> was imminent Christadelphians in the British Empire took the same stance, though frequently faced military tribunals. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> Christadelphians were exempted and performed civil work – though some of the small number of Christadelphians in Germany were imprisoned and one executed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position was maintained through the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> and today.<sup id="cite_ref-gospelandstrife_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gospelandstrife-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-warandpolitics_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warandpolitics-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Doukhobors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Christian">Spiritual Christian</a> denomination that advocate pacifism.<sup id="cite_ref-Guides2016_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guides2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 June 1895, the Doukhobors, in what is known as the "Burning of the Arms",<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "piled up their swords, guns, and other weapons and burned them in large bonfires while they sang psalms".<sup id="cite_ref-Rak2005_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rak2005-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holiness_Pacifists">Holiness Pacifists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Holiness Pacifists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel Association">Emmanuel Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Free_Methodist_Church" title="Reformed Free Methodist Church">Reformed Free Methodist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Missionary_Church" title="Immanuel Missionary Church">Immanuel Missionary Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Guthrie,_Oklahoma)" title="Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma)">Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma)</a>, First Bible Holiness Church and <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Sanctified_Holy_Church" title="Christ's Sanctified Holy Church">Christ's Sanctified Holy Church</a> are denominations in the <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">holiness movement</a> known for their opposition to war today; they are known as "Holiness Pacifists".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emmanuel2002_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmanuel2002-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alexander2011_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander2011-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BeamanPipkin2013_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeamanPipkin2013-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Emmanuel Association, for example, teaches:<sup id="cite_ref-BeamanPipkin2013_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeamanPipkin2013-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We feel bound explicitly to avow our unshaken persuasion that War is utterly incompatible with the plain precepts of our divine Lord and Law-giver, and with the whole spirit of the Gospel; and that no plea of necessity or policy, however urgent or peculiar, can avail to release either individuals or nations for the paramount allegiance which they owe to Him who hath said, "Love your enemies." Therefore, we cannot participate in war (Rom. 12:19), war activities, or compulsory training.<sup id="cite_ref-BeamanPipkin2013_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeamanPipkin2013-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh-day_Adventist_Church,_1867"><span id="Seventh-day_Adventist_Church.2C_1867"></span>Seventh-day Adventist Church, 1867</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seventh-day Adventist Church, 1867"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adventists had sought and obtained exemption as conscientious objectors in 1864, and the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> from 1914 has a long history of <a href="/wiki/Non-combatant" title="Non-combatant">noncombatancy</a> service within and outside the military.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice today, as a pastor from the Seventh-day Adventist church comments in an online magazine run by members of the Seventh-Day Adventist church: "Today in a volunteer army a lot of Adventist young men and women join the military in combat positions, and there are many Adventist pastors electing for military chaplaincy positions, supporting combatants and non-combatants alike. On Veteran’s Day, American churches across the country take time to give honor and respect to those who “served their country,” without any attempt to differentiate how they served, whether as bomber pilots, Navy Seals, or <a href="/wiki/Operation_Whitecoat" title="Operation Whitecoat">Operation Whitecoat</a> guinea pigs. I have yet to see a service honoring those who ran away to Canada to avoid participation in the senseless carnage of Vietnam in their Biblical pacifism."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches_of_God_(7th_day)"><span id="Churches_of_God_.287th_day.29"></span>Churches of God (7th day)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Churches of God (7th day)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The different groups evolving under the name <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(7th_day)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of God (7th day)">Church of God (7th day)</a> stand opposed to carnal warfare, based on Matthew 26:52; Revelation 13:10; Romans 12:19–21. They believe the weapons of their warfare to not be carnal but spiritual (II Corinthians 10:3–5; Ephesians 6:11–18).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molokans">Molokans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Molokans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Molokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Molokan">Molokans</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Christian">Spiritual Christian</a> denomination that advocate pacifism.<sup id="cite_ref-Hennacy2010_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hennacy2010-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have historically been <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecuted</a> for failing to bear arms.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters1999_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters1999-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partially_pacifist_groups">Partially pacifist groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Partially pacifist groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_of_Christ">Community of Christ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Community of Christ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although non-credal and not explicitly pacifist, the <a href="/wiki/Reorganized_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter_Day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints">Community of Christ</a> (formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) is emerging as an international peace church through such ministries as the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ_International_Peace_Award" title="Community of Christ International Peace Award">Community of Christ International Peace Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Prayer_for_Peace" title="Daily Prayer for Peace">Daily Prayer for Peace</a>, and resources to support conscientious objection to war.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the United States and worldwide, many church members are active in military service and the church provides active duty chaplaincy for outreach and ministry to military personnel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches_of_Christ">Churches of Christ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Churches of Christ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once containing a relatively large nonviolence faction, <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a> are now more conflicted. Contemporary Churches of Christ, especially those that hold with the teachings of <a href="/wiki/David_Lipscomb" title="David Lipscomb">David Lipscomb</a>, tend toward pacifist views.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that they believe that the use of coercion and/or force may be acceptable for purposes of personal self-defense but that resorting to warfare is not an option open to Christians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fellowship_of_Reconciliation">Fellowship of Reconciliation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fellowship of Reconciliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As noted above, there are peace groups within most mainstream Christian denominations. The <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Reconciliation" title="Fellowship of Reconciliation">Fellowship of Reconciliation</a> was set up as an organization to bring together people in these groups and members of the historic peace churches. In some countries, e.g. the United States, it has broadened its scope to include members of other religions or none, and people whose position is not strictly for nonviolence. However, in other countries (e.g., the United Kingdom) it remains essentially an organization of Christian nonviolence.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Pacifist_Fellowship" title="Anglican Pacifist Fellowship">Anglican Pacifist Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Peace_Fellowship_of_North_America" title="Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America">Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_Volunteer_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Brethren Volunteer Service">Brethren Volunteer Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_on_Conscience_%26_War" title="Center on Conscience & War">Center on Conscience & War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_violence" title="Christianity and violence">Christianity and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Peace" title="Churches of Peace">Churches of Peace</a>, three buildings built by and for <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> after granted permission from <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austrian Habsburgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian-based_defense" title="Civilian-based defense">Civilian-based defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Public_Service" title="Civilian Public Service">Civilian Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Drufenbrock" title="Diane Drufenbrock">Diane Drufenbrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Peace_Fellowship" title="Jewish Peace Fellowship">Jewish Peace Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pacifist_faiths" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pacifist faiths">List of pacifist faiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_people" title="Plain people">Plain people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Freedom_Peace_Tax_Fund_Act" title="Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act">Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagoing_cowboys" title="Seagoing cowboys">Seagoing cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_peace" title="Testimony of peace">Testimony of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Yoder" title="John Howard Yoder">John Howard Yoder</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jones1974-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones1974_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJones1974" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Charles Edwin (1974). <i>A Guide to the Study of The Holiness Movement</i>. p. 213-314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Study+of+The+Holiness+Movement&rft.pages=213-314&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Charles+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruderhof2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bruderhof2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bruderhof.com/en/our-faith/foundations/our-calling/the-way-of-peace">"The Way of Peace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bruderhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruderhof">Bruderhof</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Way+of+Peace&rft.pub=Bruderhof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bruderhof.com%2Fen%2Four-faith%2Ffoundations%2Four-calling%2Fthe-way-of-peace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concise-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Concise_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Concise_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites p6 Donald B. Kraybill – 2010 "In 1935, BRETHREN, Mennonites, and Quakers met in North Newton, Kansas, for a conference on peace. The term HISTORIC PEACE CHURCHES was developed at this conference in order to distinguish between the groups' biblically based peaceful ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Brethren encyclopedia 1983 p608 "The American Civil War brought the peace churches together in combined appeals to government, both in the North and in the South ... This conference used the term historic peace churches as more acceptable to Mennonites than the term pacifist churches because the latter connoted theological liberalism. Called without prior agenda, the three-day meeting concluded with "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Matthews <i>Smoke jumping on the Western fire line: conscientious objectors</i> p36 – 2006 "CHAPTER TWO The Historic Peace Churches – The three historic peace churches that united to lobby for reforming the treatment of conscientious objectors during World War II shared many religious beliefs, but they also differed in many "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Speicher, Sara and Durnbaugh, Donald F. (2003), Ecumenical Dictionary: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/who/dictionary-article8.html"><i>Historic Peace Churches</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Kurt Piehler, Sidney Pash <i>The United States and the Second World War: New Perspectives on</i> 2010 p265 "The Selective Service, in collaboration with the historic peace churches, created Civilian Public Service to provide ... In October 1940, to coordinate administration of the CPS camps, the historic peace churches established the NSBRO. "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law review digest 1957 "Among the peace churches may be listed the Mennonite, Brethren, Friends, Christadelphians and Molakans. Other sects having a degree of pacifism in their doctrines include the Seventh Day Adventists, Assemblies of God and Churches of Christ. A more complex situation arises in connection with those registrants who do not base their nonresistant claims on church membership. "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/amish3.htm">"The Amish: Massacre at the Amish school in Nickel Mines, PA"</a>. Religioustolerance.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion&rft.pub=Hutterites.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hutterites.org%2Freligion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100513044647/http://www.anabaptistchurch.org/anabaptists_today.htm">"Anabaptists Today"</a>. Anabaptistchurch.org. 2007-06-20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anabaptistchurch.org/anabaptists_today.htm">the original</a> on 2010-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+CPT+%26%23124%3B+Christian+Peacemaker+Teams&rft.pub=Cpt.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpt.org%2Fabout_cpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpt.org/about/history">"History | Christian Peacemaker Teams"</a>. Cpt.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%26%23124%3B+Christian+Peacemaker+Teams&rft.pub=Cpt.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpt.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sider-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sider_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSider1984" class="citation conference cs1">Sider, Ron (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpt.org/resources/writings/sider"><i>God's People Reconciling</i></a>. Mennonite World Conference. <i>Christian Peacemaker Teams</i>. Strasbourg, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>. <q>What would happen if the Christian church stationed as many praying Christians as the U.S. government has sent armed guerrillas across that troubled border? ... Do we not have as much courage and faith as soldiers?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Christian+Peacemaker+Teams&rft.atitle=God%27s+People+Reconciling&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Sider&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpt.org%2Fresources%2Fwritings%2Fsider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_R._Wilson" title="Bryan R. Wilson">Bryan R. Wilson</a> <i>Sects and Society</i> 1961</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lippey. C. <i>The Christadelphians in North America</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Irvin Lichti <i>Houses on the sand?: pacifist denominations in Nazi Germany</i> p65 – 2008 -"<a href="/wiki/Albert_Merz" title="Albert Merz">Albert Merz</a> was executed in Brandenburg military detention prison on April 3, 1941 "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gospelandstrife-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gospelandstrife_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris" class="citation book cs1">Norris, Alfred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.god-so-loved-the-world.org/english/norris_gospelandstrife.doc"><i>The Gospel and Strife</i></a>. Birmingham, UK: Christadelphian Magazine and Publishing Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+and+Strife&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+UK&rft.pub=Christadelphian+Magazine+and+Publishing+Association&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.god-so-loved-the-world.org%2Fenglish%2Fnorris_gospelandstrife.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warandpolitics-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-warandpolitics_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins" class="citation book cs1">Watkins, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.god-so-loved-the-world.org/english/watkins_warandpoliticsthechristiansduty.doc"><i>War and Politics: The Christian's Duty</i></a>. Birmingham, UK: Christadelphian Auxiliary Lecturing Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Politics%3A+The+Christian%27s+Duty&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+UK&rft.pub=Christadelphian+Auxiliary+Lecturing+Society&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.god-so-loved-the-world.org%2Fenglish%2Fwatkins_warandpoliticsthechristiansduty.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guides2016-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guides2016_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rough Guide to Canada</i>. Apa Publications. 1 June 2016. p. 957. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780241279526" title="Special:BookSources/9780241279526"><bdi>9780241279526</bdi></a>. <q>The Doukhobors were a sect who fled southern Russian in 1899 after being persecuted for their religious and political views. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spirit-Wrestlers.com&rft.atitle=Historic+1895+Burning+of+Guns+%3A+descriptions%2C+selections+and+translations&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft.aulast=Tarasoff&rft.aufirst=Koozma+J.&rft.au=Conovaloff%2C+Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fdocument%2Fd%2F1ZEzkBQc9V8k9833S-djSse_1Lmvv09MCw1xgAetb2EM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rak2005-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rak2005_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRak2005" class="citation book cs1">Rak, Julie (2005). <i>Negotiated Memory: Doukhobor Autobiographical Discourse</i>. 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(2013). <i>Pentecostal and Holiness Statements on War and Peace</i>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 73–74, 98–99, 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610979085" title="Special:BookSources/9781610979085"><bdi>9781610979085</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pentecostal+and+Holiness+Statements+on+War+and+Peace&rft.pages=73-74%2C+98-99%2C+124&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781610979085&rft.aulast=Beaman&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.au=Pipkin%2C+Brian+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Historical Dictionary of Seventh-day Adventists</i> Gary Land</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atoday.org/adventist-tomorrow-militant-pacifism">"Adventist Tomorrow: Militant Pacifism"</a>. 25 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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This name was given the Molokans in Russia by the Orthodox, because they were dissidents from the regular church, led communal lives, and were pacifists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Ammon&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft.isbn=9781608990535&rft.aulast=Hennacy&rft.aufirst=Ammon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waters1999-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waters1999_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters1999" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Tony (31 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crimeimmigrantyo0000wate/page/37"><i>Crime and Immigrant Youth</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crimeimmigrantyo0000wate/page/37">37</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452263373" title="Special:BookSources/9781452263373"><bdi>9781452263373</bdi></a>. <q>The Molokan Russians were an ascetic religious sect of the Russian Orthodox Church that settled in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles in 1904-1906. Their religious ideals included pacifism; indeed, the demands of the Russian draft for the Russian-Japanese War were cited as the cause of their flight from Russia in the first place.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crime+and+Immigrant+Youth&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=1999-03-31&rft.isbn=9781452263373&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrimeimmigrantyo0000wate%2Fpage%2F37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunication_Services_of_Community_of_Christ,_Independence_Mo." class="citation web cs1">Communication Services of Community of Christ, Independence Mo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904124131/http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/honorroll.asp">"Community of Christ International Peace Award Honor Roll"</a>. Cofchrist.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/honorroll.asp">the original</a> on 2012-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+of+Christ+International+Peace+Award+Honor+Roll&rft.pub=Cofchrist.org&rft.au=Communication+Services+of+Community+of+Christ%2C+Independence+Mo.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cofchrist.org%2Fpeaceaward%2Fhonorroll.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunication_Services_of_Community_of_Christ,_Independence_Mo." class="citation web cs1">Communication Services of Community of Christ, Independence Mo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723214824/http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/nominate.asp">"Community of Christ International Peace Award Nominations"</a>. Cofchrist.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofchrist.org/peaceaward/nominate.asp">the original</a> on 2012-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+of+Christ+International+Peace+Award+Nominations&rft.pub=Cofchrist.org&rft.au=Communication+Services+of+Community+of+Christ%2C+Independence+Mo.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cofchrist.org%2Fpeaceaward%2Fnominate.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140722124828/http://www.cofchrist.org/peace/statements/consc-object.asp">"Peace and justice events, issues, action"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofchrist.org/peace/statements/consc-object.asp">the original</a> on 2014-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peace+and+justice+events%2C+issues%2C+action&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cofchrist.org%2Fpeace%2Fstatements%2Fconsc-object.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410082703/http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/dlipscomb/civgov.html">"Civil Government"</a>. Mun.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/dlipscomb/civgov.html">the original</a> on April 10, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Government&rft.pub=Mun.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mun.ca%2Frels%2Frestmov%2Ftexts%2Fdlipscomb%2Fcivgov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStan_MorrisNaomi_BolderheyLaura_Visser" class="citation web cs1">Stan Morris; Naomi Bolderhey; Laura Visser. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129133225/http://www.ifor.org/mission.htm">"International Fellowship of Reconciliation"</a>. Ifor.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifor.org/mission.htm">the original</a> on 2009-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Fellowship+of+Reconciliation&rft.pub=Ifor.org&rft.au=Stan+Morris&rft.au=Naomi+Bolderhey&rft.au=Laura+Visser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifor.org%2Fmission.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+churches" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Driver, Juan (1970) <i>How Christians Made Peace With War: Early Christian Understandings of War</i>. Scottdale PA: Herald Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8361-3461-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8361-3461-3">0-8361-3461-3</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>(1999) <i>Radical Faith</i>. Scottdale PA: Herald Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9683462-8-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9683462-8-6">0-9683462-8-6</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Friesen, Duane K. (1986) <i>Christian Peacemaking and International Conflict: A Realist Pacifist Perspective</i>. Scottdale: Herald Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8361-1273-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8361-1273-3">0-8361-1273-3</a></li> <li>Lederach, John Paul (1999) <i>The Journey Toward Reconciliation</i>. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8361-9082-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8361-9082-3">0-8361-9082-3</a></li> <li>Ruth-Heffelbower, Duane (1991) <i>The Anabaptists Are Back: Making Peace in a Dangerous World</i>. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8361-3552-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8361-3552-0">0-8361-3552-0</a></li> <li>Sider, Ronald (1979) <i>Christ and Violence</i>. Scottdale PA: Herald Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57910-656-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57910-656-0">1-57910-656-0</a></li> <li>Sampson, Cynthia (1999) "Religion and Peacebuilding." In <i>Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques</i>; edited by I. William Zartman, and J. Lewis Rasmussen. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.</li> <li>Stievermann, Jan. "A 'Plain, Rejected Little Flock': The Politics of Martyrological Self-Fashioning among Pennsylvania's German Peace Churches, 1739-65." <i> William and Mary Quarterly</i> 66.2 (2009): 287-324. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40212055">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Trocmé, André (1961) <i>Jesus and the Nonviolent Revolution</i>; Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57075-538-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-57075-538-8">1-57075-538-8</a></li> <li>Wink, Walter, ed. (2000) <i>Peace is the Way: Writings on Nonviolence from the Fellowship of Reconciliation</i>. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57075-315-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57075-315-6">1-57075-315-6</a></li> <li>Van Dyck, Harry R. (1990) <i>Exercise of Conscience: A World War II Objector Remembers</i>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87975-584-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87975-584-9">0-87975-584-9</a></li> <li>McGrath, Willam (1980) <i>Why We Are Conscientious Objectors to War</i>. Millersburg, OH: Amish Mennonite Publications.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Horsch" title="John Horsch">Horsch, Joh</a> (1999) <i>The Principle of Nonresistance as Held by the Mennonite Church</i>. Ephrata, PA: Eastern Mennonite Publications.</li> <li>Brown, Dale (1985) <i>Biblical Pacifism: A Peace Church Perspective</i>. Elgin, IL: Brethren Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87178-108-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87178-108-5">0-87178-108-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_churches&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415233916/http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/H59ME.html">Historic Peace Churches</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Anabaptist_Mennonite_Encyclopedia_Online" title="Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online">Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302195736/http://www.peacetheology.org/who.html">Who are the Historic Peace Churches (HPC)?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecapc.org/">Every Church a Peace Church</a> – organization working to create more peace churches</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bluffton.edu/~mastg/pacifism.htm">Writings on Christian Nonresistance and Pacifism from Anabaptist-Mennonite Sources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibleviews.com/Biblicalnonresist.html">Pacifism And Biblical Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nonresistance.info/">NonResistance.Org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cascadiapublishinghouse.com/">Cascadia Publishing House</a> – Anabaptist-related publisher of Historic Peace Church materials</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Template talk:Anti-war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-war_and_peace_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">peace movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_organizations" title="Anti-nuclear organizations">Anti-nuclear organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_organizations" title="List of anti-war organizations">Anti-war organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Women_for_Peace" title="Coalition of Women for Peace">Coalition of Women for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Pink" title="Code Pink">Code Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECOPEACE_Party" title="ECOPEACE Party">ECOPEACE Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenham_Common_Women%27s_Peace_Camp" title="Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp">Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">Iraq War resisters in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pacifist_organisations" title="List of pacifist organisations">List of pacifist organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Socialist_Party_of_Japan" title="New Socialist Party of Japan">New Socialist Party of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifist_Socialist_Party" title="Pacifist Socialist Party">Pacifist Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_camp" title="Peace camp">Peace camp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peace churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_commission" title="Peace commission">Peace commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_conference" title="Peace conference">Peace conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_congress" title="Peace congress">Peace congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_education" title="Peace education">Peace education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_psychology" title="Peace psychology">Peace psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceworker" title="Peaceworker">Peaceworker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React,_Include,_Recycle" title="React, Include, Recycle">React, Include, Recycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Social Democratic Party (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Swedish_political_party)" title="Unity (Swedish political party)">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Women%27s_Peace_Crusade" title="The Women's Peace Crusade">The Women's Peace Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_resister" title="War resister">War resisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Women's International League for Peace and Freedom">Women's International League for Peace and Freedom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li>Anarchism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Anarcho-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finvenkismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Finvenkismo">Finvenkismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern-war_pacifism" title="Modern-war pacifism">Modern-war pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonkilling" title="Nonkilling">Nonkilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacificism" title="Pacificism">Pacificism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_influence_on_the_peace_movement" title="Soviet influence on the peace movement">Soviet influence on the peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_peace" title="Testimony of peace">Testimony of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">World peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-war_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anti-war art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_with_anti-war_themes" title="List of books with anti-war themes">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_Yutel_for_Peace" title="Concert Yutel for Peace">Concert Yutel for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_of_Universal_Peace" title="Dances of Universal Peace">Dances of Universal Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_for_Peace" title="Festival for Peace">Festival for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagine_Piano_Peace_Project" title="Imagine Piano Peace Project">Imagine Piano Peace Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Among_Civilizations" title="Dialogue Among Civilizations">Dialogue Among Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_prizes" title="List of peace prizes">List of peace prizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_peace" title="List of places named after peace">List of places named Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peace_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:Peace monuments and memorials">Monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_Proclamation" title="Mother's Day Proclamation">Mother's Day Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Concert" title="Nobel Peace Prize Concert">Nobel Peace Prize Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_museum" title="Peace museum">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_%26_Love_(festival)" title="Peace & Love (festival)">Peace & Love (festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace journalism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peace_News" title="Peace News">Peace News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoting_Enduring_Peace" title="Promoting Enduring Peace">Promoting Enduring Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_One_Day" title="Peace One Day">Peace One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_with_anti-war_themes" title="List of plays with anti-war themes">Plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoting_Enduring_Peace" title="Promoting Enduring Peace">Promoting Enduring Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_of_Peace_Concert" title="Show of Peace Concert">Show of Peace Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_songs" title="List of anti-war songs">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_symbols" title="Peace symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Non-Violence_Project" title="The Non-Violence Project">The Non-Violence Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_Association" title="World Peace Bell Association">World Peace Bell Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">Japanese Peace Bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Black" title="Women in Black">Women in Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_March_for_Peace_and_Nonviolence" title="World March for Peace and Nonviolence">World March for Peace and Nonviolence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slogans and tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed-in" title="Bed-in">Bed-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_be-ins" title="Central Park be-ins">Central Park be-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">Conflict resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">Counter-recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-escalation" title="De-escalation">De-escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demilitarisation" title="Demilitarisation">Demilitarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Peace" title="Department of Peace">Department of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_evasion" title="Draft evasion">Draft evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">Die-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">Economic sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_power" title="Flower power">Flower power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Day_of_Action_on_Military_Spending" title="Global Day of Action on Military Spending">Global Day of Action on Military Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Be-In" title="Human Be-In">Human Be-In</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesson_of_Munich" title="Lesson of Munich">Lesson of Munich</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_love,_not_war" title="Make love, not war">Make love, not war</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">Nonviolent resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non_Violent_Resistance_(psychological_intervention)" title="Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)">Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_walk" title="Peace walk">Peace walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces">Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soldiers_are_murderers" title="Soldiers are murderers">Soldiers are murderers</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swords_to_ploughshares" title="Swords to ploughshares">Swords to ploughshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">Teach-in</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_whole_world_is_watching" title="The whole world is watching">The whole world is watching</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_Non-violent_Intervention" title="Third Party Non-violent Intervention">Third Party Non-violent Intervention</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turning_the_other_cheek" title="Turning the other cheek">Turn the other cheek</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Violence_begets_violence" title="Violence begets violence">Violence begets violence</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">War tax resisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition to specific<br />wars or their aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>War of 1812 (<a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_Britain" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in Britain">UK</a>; <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States">US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Opposition to the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Second_Boer_War" title="Opposition to the Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_against_the_Vietnam_War" title="List of protests against the Vietnam War">list of protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">War on Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Criticism of the Iraq War">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Military action in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Protests against the Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="Protests against the 2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 intervention in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 anti-war protests in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Far_Eastern_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Far Eastern protests">in Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objection_to_military_taxation" title="Conscientious objection to military taxation">Military taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">Nuclear disarmament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_convention" title="Nuclear weapons convention">Nuclear weapons convention</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacifism_in_Canada" title="Category:Pacifism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_12_of_the_Constitution_of_Costa_Rica" title="Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Germany" title="Pacifism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement#Israel" title="Peace movement">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution" title="Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacifism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Pacifism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Spain" title="Pacifism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Professionals_Association" title="Sudanese Professionals Association">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacifism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Pacifism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_the_United_States" title="Pacifism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir">Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li></ul> 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