CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Taifa of Valencia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1ecaf917-0d67-4ac2-8a3e-2f16b93accbf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Taifa_of_Valencia","wgTitle":"Taifa of Valencia","wgCurRevisionId":1252997106,"wgRevisionId":1252997106,"wgArticleId":19316980,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Arabic-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata","Spain articles missing geocoordinate data","All articles needing coordinates","Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata","Taifa of Valencia","History of the Valencian Community", "11th century in al-Andalus","12th century in al-Andalus","States and territories established in 1010","1010 establishments in Europe","States and territories disestablished in 1238","1238 disestablishments in Europe"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Taifa_of_Valencia","wgRelevantArticleId":19316980,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q676811","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg/1200px-Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1012"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg/800px-Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="674"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg/640px-Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="539"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Taifa of Valencia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Taifa_of_Valencia rootpage-Taifa_of_Valencia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Taifa+of+Valencia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Taifa+of+Valencia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Taifa+of+Valencia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Taifa+of+Valencia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Taifa_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Taifa_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First Taifa period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Taifa_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_by_El_Cid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_by_El_Cid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Capture by El Cid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_by_El_Cid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Taifa_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Taifa_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Second Taifa period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Taifa_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Taifa_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Taifa_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Third Taifa period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Taifa_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of rulers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_rulers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of rulers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Taifa_period_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Taifa_period_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First Taifa period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Taifa_period_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Taifa_period_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Taifa_period_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second Taifa period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Taifa_period_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Taifa_period_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Taifa_period_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Third Taifa period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Taifa_period_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taifa of Valencia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طائفة بلنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طائفة بلنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%B0)" title="Валенсія (тайфа) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валенсія (тайфа)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirelezh_Valencia" title="Emirelezh Valencia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emirelezh Valencia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirat_de_Bal%C3%A0nsiya" title="Emirat de Balànsiya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emirat de Balànsiya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_de_Valencia" title="Taifa de Valencia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taifa de Valencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%AFfa_de_Valence" title="Taïfa de Valence – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taïfa de Valence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_di_Valencia" title="Taifa di Valencia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taifa di Valencia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="אמירות ולנסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמירות ולנסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Valentiae_(Taifa)" title="Regnum Valentiae (Taifa) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum Valentiae (Taifa)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AB" title="വലെൻസിയ താഇഫ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വലെൻസിയ താഇഫ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_Valencia" title="Taifa Valencia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taifa Valencia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A4%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="バランシヤ王国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バランシヤ王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirat_Walencji" title="Emirat Walencji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emirat Walencji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_de_Val%C3%AAncia" title="Taifa de Valência – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taifa de Valência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%B0)" title="Валенсия (тайфа) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валенсия (тайфа)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_Valencia" title="Taifa Valencia – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taifa Valencia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Валенсійська тайфа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валенсійська тайфа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%80%AB%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%B3%B0%E6%B3%95" title="瓦倫西亞泰法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦倫西亞泰法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q676811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Taifa_of_Valencia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Taifa_of_Valencia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Taifa_of_Valencia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&oldid=1252997106" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Taifa_of_Valencia&id=1252997106&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTaifa_of_Valencia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTaifa_of_Valencia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taifa_of_Valencia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q676811" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Moorish state in Iberia from 1010 to 1238</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Valencia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Valencia (disambiguation)">Valencia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Taifa of Valencia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1010–1238</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taifa Kingdom of Valencia, c. 1037"><img alt="Taifa Kingdom of Valencia, c. 1037" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg/250px-Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg/375px-Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg/500px-Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Taifa Kingdom of Valencia, c. 1037</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Spain">Valencia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarabic language">Mozarabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (official), <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>), <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Annexed by <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Toledo" title="Taifa of Toledo">Taifa of Toledo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1065</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Conquered by <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1094</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1102</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence from the Almoravids </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1145</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1172</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence from the Almohads </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1228/9</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Conquered by <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1238</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_gold_dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic gold dinar">Dinar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_Cordoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Cordoba">Caliphate of Cordoba</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Almoravid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid Empire">Almoravid Empire</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Estandarte_de_la_Corona_de_Aragon.png/20px-Estandarte_de_la_Corona_de_Aragon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Estandarte_de_la_Corona_de_Aragon.png/30px-Estandarte_de_la_Corona_de_Aragon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Estandarte_de_la_Corona_de_Aragon.png/40px-Estandarte_de_la_Corona_de_Aragon.png 2x" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="821" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Escut_de_la_Ciutat_e_Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.svg/20px-Escut_de_la_Ciutat_e_Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Escut_de_la_Ciutat_e_Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.svg/30px-Escut_de_la_Ciutat_e_Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Escut_de_la_Ciutat_e_Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.svg/40px-Escut_de_la_Ciutat_e_Regne_de_Val%C3%A8ncia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="891" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Taifa of Valencia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">طائفة بلنسية</span>) was a medieval Muslim kingdom which existed in and around <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain. It gained independence from the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> circa 1010 and became its own small kingdom, or <i><a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">Taifa</a></i>, for most of the 11th century. It was absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Toledo" title="Taifa of Toledo"><i>Taifa</i> of Toledo</a> in 1065, which in turn fell to <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI of León and Castile</a> in 1085. From 1094 to 1099, the kingdom was ruled directly by the Castilian military commander known as <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a>, then by his wife <a href="/wiki/Jimena_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jimena Díaz">Jimena</a> after his death, until being annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> in 1102. </p><p>Following the collapse of Almoravid power, Valencia became independent again in 1145. From 1147 to 1172, it was under the control of <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Sa%CA%BFd_ibn_Mardan%C4%ABsh" title="Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh">Ibn Mardanish</a>, after which it was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a>. When the Almohads reatreated from al-Andalus, Valencia became independent once again from around 1229 to 1238 under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Zayyan_ibn_Mardanish" title="Zayyan ibn Mardanish">Zayyan ibn Mardanish</a>. It was finally conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> in 1238. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Taifa_period">First Taifa period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Taifa period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> was one of many cities in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> (in present-day Spain and Portugal) that became independent during the <a href="/wiki/Fitna_of_al-Andalus" title="Fitna of al-Andalus"><i>Fitna</i></a>, a destructive civil war after 1008 that ended the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a>. As centralized authority collapsed in the caliphate's provinces, local rulers formed their own small states or principalities known to historians as <i><a href="/wiki/Taifas" class="mw-redirect" title="Taifas">Taifas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996130_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996130-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valencia had already enjoyed urban and economic growth since the second half of the 10th century and during the <i>Taifas</i> period of the 11th century it became a major city and political center for the first time since <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Muslim rule began</a> in 711.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996133_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996133-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba"><i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣaqāliba</i></span></i></a> (former slaves) from the <a href="/wiki/Amirids" title="Amirids">Amirid</a> household, called <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_and_Muzaffar" title="Mubarak and Muzaffar">Mubarak and Muzaffar</a>, established the effective independence of Valencia in 1010–1011. They had previously been appointed here as officials in charge of irrigation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their co-rule ended in 1017–1018,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Mubarak died and Muzaffar was expelled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people of the city chose another <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣaqlabī</i></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Labib_al-Fata_al-Saqlabi" title="Labib al-Fata al-Saqlabi">Labib</a>, as ruler. He accepted the suzerainty of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">Count of Barcelona</a> in return for protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In around 1021, the kingdom was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_al-Mansur" title="Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur">'Abd al-'Aziz</a>, a grandson of the Amirid and former <i>de facto</i> ruler of the caliphate, <a href="/wiki/Almanzor" title="Almanzor">Ibn Abi Amir al-Mansur</a> (also known as Almanzor). He reigned for 40 years until his death in 1061.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996140_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996140-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this long period of stability, Valencia enjoyed relative peace and prosperity. 'Abd al-'Aziz employed the same <i><a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">laqab</a></i> (royal name) as his grandfather and was thus known as al-Mansur. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his death, he was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz_al-Muzaffar" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muzaffar">'Abd al-Malik</a>, who took the <i>laqab</i> of al-Muzaffar. Due to his young age, his <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> Ibn 'Abd al-Aziz served as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not long after his accession, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand I of León">Ferdinand I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> attacked Valencia and defeated an army of its defenders, nearly capturing the city. 'Abd al-Malik turned for aid to <a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun_of_Toledo" title="Al-Mamun of Toledo">al-Ma'mun</a>, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Toledo" title="Taifa of Toledo"><i>Taifa</i> of Toledo</a>, but the latter took the opportunity to seize control of Valencia for himself in 1065. Al-Ma'mun installed his own vizier, Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, as governor of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After al-Ma'mun's death in 1075, his less capable son <a href="/wiki/Yahya_al-Qadir" title="Yahya al-Qadir">Yahya al-Qadir</a> became ruler of Toledo. Under his rule, Valencia began to slip from Toledo's control and his own kingdom became so troubled that he had to rely on <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI</a> of Castile and Léon for support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the latter <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toledo_(1085)" title="Siege of Toledo (1085)">took control of Toledo</a> altogether in 1085 and then installed al-Qadir in Valencia as his vassal in 1086.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996153,_165_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996153,_165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_by_El_Cid">Capture by El Cid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capture by El Cid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Valencia" title="Lordship of Valencia">Lordship of Valencia</a></div> <p>Al-Qadir's unpopular rule in Valencia was supported by a Castilian garrison headed by <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_D%C3%ADaz_de_Vivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar">Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar</a>, a Castilian noble and mercenary better known today as El Cid. In October 1092, when El Cid was away from the city, there was an insurrection and <i>coup d'état</i> led by the <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">qadi</a></i> (judge) <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Jahhaf" title="Ibn Jahhaf">Abu Ahmad Ja'far Ibn Jahhaf</a>. The latter called for help from the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a>, who had recently captured <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> to the south. They sent a small group of warriors to the city, forcing the Castilian garrison to leave. Al-Qadir was captured and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison201646_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison201646-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Almoravids did not send enough forces to oppose El Cid's return and Ibn Jahhaf undermined his popular support by proceeding to install himself as ruler, acting like yet another <i>Taifa</i> king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison201646_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison201646-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El Cid began a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valencia_(1092%E2%80%931094)" title="Siege of Valencia (1092–1094)">long siege of the city</a>, completely surrounding it, burning nearby villages, and confiscating the crops of the surrounding countryside. Ibn Jahhaf agreed at one point to pay tribute to El Cid in order to end the siege, which resulted in the Almoravids in the city being escorted out by El Cid's men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010114–115_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010114–115-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For reasons that remain unclear, an Almoravid relief army approached Valencia in September 1093 but then retreated without engaging El Cid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Jahhaf continued negotiations. In the end, he refused to pay El Cid's tribute and the siege continued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By April 1094, the city was starving and he decided to surrender it shortly after. El Cid re-entered Valencia on 15 June 1094, after 20 months of siege. Rather than ruling through a puppet, as he had done with al-Qadir, he now took direct control as king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg/150px-The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg/225px-The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg/300px-The_Cid_ordering_the_Execution_of_Ahmed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a> orders the execution of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Jahhaf" title="Ibn Jahhaf">Ibn Jahhaf</a> and his companions after his conquest of the Taifa of Valencia in 1094.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Almoravids returned their attention to Valencia later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They arrived outside the city walls in October 1094 and began a siege. The siege ended when El Cid launched a two-sided attack: he sent a sortie from one city gate that posed as his main force, occupying the Almoravid troops, while he personally led another force from a different city gate and attacked their undefended camp.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his victory, El Cid executed Ibn Jahhaf by burning him alive in public, perhaps in retaliation for treachery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El Cid fortified his new kingdom by building fortresses along the southern approaches to the city to defend against future Almoravid attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1096, an Almoravid army of 30,000 men besieged the strongest of these fortresses, Peña Cadiella (just south of <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A0tiva" title="Xàtiva">Xativa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El Cid confronted them and called on <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a> for reinforcements. When the reinforcements approached, the Almoravids lifted the siege, but laid a trap for El Cid's forces as they marched back to Valencia. They successfully ambushed the Christians in a narrow pass located between the mountains and the sea, but El Cid managed to rally his troops and repel the Almoravids yet again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1097, the Almoravid governor of Xativa, Ali ibn al-Hajj,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led another incursion into Valencian territory but was quickly defeated and pursued to <a href="/wiki/Almenara,_Castell%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Almenara, Castellón">Almenara</a>, which El Cid then captured after a three-month siege.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1097, the Almoravid ruler himself, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf Ibn Tashfin</a>, led another army into al-Andalus. Setting out from <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a> with Muhammad ibn al-Hajj as his field commander, he marched against Alfonso VI, who was in Toledo at the time. The Castilians were routed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Consuegra" title="Battle of Consuegra">Battle of Consuegra</a>. El Cid was not involved, but his son, Diego, was killed in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, the Castilian commander <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_F%C3%A1%C3%B1ez" title="Álvar Fáñez">Alvar Fañez</a> was also defeated near <a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain" title="Cuenca, Spain">Cuenca</a> in battle with another Almoravid army, who followed up this victory by ravaging the lands around Valencia and defeating another army sent by El Cid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these victories in the field, the Almoravids did not capture any major new towns or fortresses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El Cid attempted to Christianize Valencia during his rule, converting its main mosque into a church and establishing a <a href="/wiki/Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a>, but ultimately failed to attract many new Christian settlers to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 10 July 1099, leaving his wife, <a href="/wiki/Jimena_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jimena Díaz">Jimena Díaz</a>, in charge of the kingdom. She was unable to hold off Almoravid pressures, which culminated in a siege of the city by the veteran Almoravid commander, <a href="/wiki/Mazdali_ibn_Tilankan" title="Mazdali ibn Tilankan">Mazdali</a>, in the early spring of 1102. In April–May, Jimena and the Christians who wished to leave the city were evacuated with the help of Alfonso VI. The Almoravids occupied the city after them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Taifa_period">Second Taifa period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Taifa period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Almoravid authority disintegrated during the 1140s, local communities in al-Andalus once again took matters into their own hands, creating a second wave of <i>Taifa</i> statelets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996189_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996189-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Valencia, the Almoravid governor at this time was 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya (of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghaniya" title="Banu Ghaniya">Banu Ghaniya</a> family). The local <i>qadi</i>, Marwan ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, attempted to assuage growing popular hostility towards the Almoravid regime. By March 1145, popular opinion, as well as sentiment among the Andalusi soldiers in particular, was firmly set against the Almoravids and Marwan was pressured into taking leadership of the city under the title of <a href="/wiki/Rais" title="Rais"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ra'is</i></span></a>. When he proved unable to keep paying the Andalusi soldiers, they deposed him and installed one of their own leaders, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_Abd_Allah_ibn_Iyad" title="Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Iyad">Ibd 'Iyad</a>, as ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996192–193_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996192–193-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1146, Ibn 'Iyad invited <a href="/wiki/Zafadola" title="Zafadola">Sayf al-Dawla ibn Hud</a>, son of the last <a href="/wiki/Hudid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudid">Hudid</a> ruler of the former <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Zaragoza" title="Taifa of Zaragoza">Taifa of Zaragoza</a>, to take command of Valencia and Murcia. Sayf al-Dawla accepted and laid claim to a <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">caliphal title</a>. However, he was killed in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albacete" title="Battle of Albacete">a battle with the Christians near Albacete</a> on 5 February.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn 'Iyad was killed in August 1147, but before he died he managed to pass the command of Valencia's forces to <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Sa%CA%BFd_ibn_Mardan%C4%ABsh" title="Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh">Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Mardanish</a>, known simply as Ibn Mardanish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn Mardanish made himself ruler of the eastern part of al-Andalus (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sharq al-Andalus</i></span> or the <a href="/wiki/Levante,_Spain" title="Levante, Spain">Levante</a>). He based himself in Murcia and placed Valencia under the governorship of his brother Yusuf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0522_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0522-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was vulnerable to Christian forces both to the north and south, but after 1147 the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a> (who had replaced the Almoravids as the major power in North Africa) presented a more serious threat, having annexed <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> and western al-Andalus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Almoravids in al-Andalus remained in <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> until 1155 and the Castilians controlled <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almeria</a> until 1157. These two factions acted as buffers between him and the Almohads during this time, but they were eventually expelled by the latter. Ibn Mardanish managed to hold on to power after this in part by allying himself with Castile, which supplied him with military assistance against the Almohads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only after he died in 1172 did the Almohads take his kingdom, with little opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Taifa_period">Third Taifa period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third Taifa period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although not much is known about the family and descendants of Ibn Mardanish under Almohad rule, they appear to have been integrated into the Almohad elites and maintained some influence in Valencia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almohad rule in al-Andalus began to collapse after 1212 and the Almohad caliph <a href="/wiki/Idris_al-Ma%27mun" title="Idris al-Ma'mun">Idris al-Ma'mun</a> withdrew from the region in 1228.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996265–266_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996265–266-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Almohad governor of the city, <a href="/wiki/Zayd_Abu_Zayd" title="Zayd Abu Zayd">Abu Zayd</a>, was so vulnerable that in 1226 he signed a treaty with <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a> to pay tribute. This made him unpopular and he was overthrown by a rebellion in late 1228 or early 1229. The remaining Almohads departed and it was a descendant of Ibn Mardanish, <a href="/wiki/Zayyan_ibn_Mardanish" title="Zayyan ibn Mardanish">Zayyan ibn Mardanish</a>, who took control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996269–270_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996269–270-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zayyan ibn Mardanish formally acknowledged the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid caliphs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> as suzerains and remained independent of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hud" title="Ibn Hud">Ibn Hud</a>, who emerged as the most powerful leader in al-Andalus during this time, but he was unable to halt the advance of Aragonese conquests from the north.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the latter closed in, occupying nearby <a href="/wiki/El_Puig" class="mw-redirect" title="El Puig">Puig</a> in 1236, he made a desperate attempt to confront them at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Puig" title="Battle of the Puig">Battle of the Puig</a> (known as the Battle of Anisha in Arabic sources), where he was firmly defeated. James I began the final <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valencia_(1238)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Valencia (1238)">siege of Valencia</a> on 23 April 1238. Zayyan sent his vizier, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Abbar" title="Ibn al-Abbar">Ibn al-Abbar</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> to enlist the aid of the <a href="/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty" title="Hafsid dynasty">Hafsid dynasty</a> there, but the small fleet subsequently sent by the Hafsids was prevented from landing by Catalan ships. The city surrendered on 29 September.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zayyan was able to retreat and he continued to operate in the region for several more years, even becoming ruler of Murcia from 1239 to 1241.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996271_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996271-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valencia became part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_rulers">List of rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Taifa_period_2">First Taifa period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First Taifa period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Saqlabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saqlabi">Saqlabi</a> non-dynastic rulers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_and_Muzaffar" title="Mubarak and Muzaffar">Mubarak and Muzaffar</a>: 1010/1–1017/8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labib_al-Fata_al-Saqlabi" title="Labib al-Fata al-Saqlabi">Labib al-Fata al-Saqlabi</a>: 1017/8–1019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muj%C4%81hid_al-%CA%BF%C4%80mir%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī">Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī</a> (in Denia 1010/2–1045): 1017–1021, d. 1045, co-ruler in the beginning with Labib<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Amirids" title="Amirids">Amirid dynasty</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_al-Mansur" title="Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur">Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur</a>: 1021–1061</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz_al-Mu%E1%BA%93affar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muẓaffar">Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muẓaffar</a>: 1061–1065</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Dhulnunid_dynasty" title="Dhulnunid dynasty">Dhulnunid dynasty</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun_of_Toledo" title="Al-Mamun of Toledo">Al-Mamun of Toledo</a>: 1065–1075 (Valencia annexed to <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Toledo" title="Taifa of Toledo">Taifa of Toledo</a> in 1065)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_al-Qadir" title="Yahya al-Qadir">Yahya al-Qadir</a>: 1075–1085 (from Toledo 1075–1085, in Valencia 1086–1092 under Castilian vassalage)</li></ul> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:auto; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Amirid and Dhunnunid dynasties<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Almanzor" title="Almanzor">Almanzor</a> (Amirid)<br />chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_Cordoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Cordoba">Caliphate of Cordoba</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_al-Muzaffar" title="Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar">Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar</a> d.1008</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Sanchuelo" title="Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo">Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo</a><br />chief minister of <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_Cordoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Cordoba">Caliphate of Cordoba</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun_of_Toledo" title="Al-Mamun of Toledo">Al-Mamun of Toledo</a> (Dhunnunid)<br />Toledo 1043-1075<br /><b>Valencia 1065-1075</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_al-Mansur" title="Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur">Abd al-Aziz al-Mansur</a><br /><b>Valencia 1021-1061</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Isma'il</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">daughter</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz_al-Mu%E1%BA%93affar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muẓaffar">Abd al-Malik</a><br /><b>Valencia 1061-65</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Abu Bakr<br /><b>Valencia: 1075-1085</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Yahya_al-Qadir" title="Yahya al-Qadir">Yahya al-Qadir</a><br />Toledo 1075-1085<br /><b>Valencia 1085-1092</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_II" title="Al-Musta'in II">Al-Musta'in II</a><br />Zaragoza 1085-1110</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dotted;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">daughter</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Uthman<br /><b>Valencia: 1085</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following the overthrow of al-Qadir: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Jahhaf" title="Ibn Jahhaf">Ibn Jahhaf</a>: 1092–1094</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">El Cid</a>: 1094–1099</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimena_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jimena Díaz">Jimena Díaz</a> (wife and successor of El Cid): 1099–1102</li></ul> <p>Valencia annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravids</a> in 1102. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Taifa_period_2">Second Taifa period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second Taifa period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_%27Abd_al-Malik_Marwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu 'Abd al-Malik Marwan (page does not exist)">Abu 'Abd al-Malik Marwan</a>: 1145</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_Abd_Allah_ibn_Iyad" title="Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Iyad">Ibn 'Iyad</a>: 1145–1146</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zafadola" title="Zafadola">Sayf al-Dawla</a> ("Zafadola", of the <a href="/wiki/Hudid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudid dynasty">Hudid dynasty</a>): January–February 1146</li></ul> <ul><li>Ibn 'Iyad (again): 1146–1147</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Sa%CA%BFd_ibn_Mardan%C4%ABsh" title="Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh">Ibn Mardanish</a>: 1147–1172</li></ul> <p>Valencia annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a> in 1172. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Taifa_period_2">Third Taifa period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Third Taifa period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zayyan_ibn_Mardanish" title="Zayyan ibn Mardanish">Zayyan ibn Mardanish</a>: 1228/9–1238</li></ul> <p>Valencia annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> in 1238. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_Muslim_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sunni Muslim dynasties">List of Sunni Muslim dynasties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996130-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996130_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996133-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996133_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi-Provençal1960_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLévi-Provençal1960">Lévi-Provençal 1960</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1996" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). "The Muluk al-Tawa'if or Reyes de Taifas in Spain". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maQxEAAAQBAJ"><i>The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748696482" title="Special:BookSources/9780748696482"><bdi>9780748696482</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Muluk+al-Tawa%27if+or+Reyes+de+Taifas+in+Spain&rft.btitle=The+New+Islamic+Dynasties%3A+A+Chronological+and+Genealogical+Manual&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780748696482&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Clifford+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaQxEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996140-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996140_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996153,_165-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996153,_165_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, pp. 153, 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennison201646-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison201646_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennison201646_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennison2016">Bennison 2016</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996165_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010114–115-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010114–115_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMessier2010">Messier 2010</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010115_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMessier2010">Messier 2010</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMessier2010">Messier 2010</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010116–117_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMessier2010">Messier 2010</a>, pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMessier2010117–118_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMessier2010">Messier 2010</a>, pp. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996166_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996189-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996189_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996192–193-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996192–193_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, pp. 192–193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996194_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996195_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0522-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0522_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuichard2017" class="citation book cs1">Guichard, Pierre (2017). "Ibn Mardanīsh". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three</i>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004161658" title="Special:BookSources/9789004161658"><bdi>9789004161658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ibn+Mardan%C4%ABsh&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Three&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789004161658&rft.aulast=Guichard&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996270_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996265–266-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996265–266_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, pp. 265–266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996269–270-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996269–270_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, pp. 269–270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2018" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Timothy M. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Duh3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132"><i>Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711–1492</i></a>. McFarland. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7471-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-7471-1"><bdi>978-1-4766-7471-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rulers+and+Realms+in+Medieval+Iberia%2C+711%E2%80%931492&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-7471-1&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Timothy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDuh3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996271-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy1996271_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy1996">Kennedy 1996</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1991" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, Richard A. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W-MIChVmZwQC"><i>The Quest for El Cid</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506955-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506955-6"><bdi>978-0-19-506955-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quest+for+El+Cid&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-506955-6&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW-MIChVmZwQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taifa_of_Valencia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Taifa of Valencia">Taifa of Valencia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévi-Provençal1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, Évariste</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Balansiya&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Balansiya"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hendrik_Kramers" title="Johannes Hendrik Kramers">Kramers, J. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume I:<i> A–B</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 985–986. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balansiya&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=985-986&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al&rft.aufirst=%C3%89variste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DBalansiya%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennison2016" class="citation book cs1">Bennison, Amira K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19JVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1"><i>The Almoravid and Almohad Empires</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0748646821" title="Special:BookSources/978-0748646821"><bdi>978-0748646821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almoravid+and+Almohad+Empires&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0748646821&rft.aulast=Bennison&rft.aufirst=Amira+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D19JVDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1996" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hugh (1996). <i>Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317870418" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317870418"><bdi>978-1317870418</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Spain+and+Portugal%3A+A+Political+History+of+al-Andalus&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1317870418&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessier2010" class="citation book cs1">Messier, Ronald A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rfxoq5MzHa4C&pg=PA118"><i>The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad</i></a>. Praeger/ABC-CLIO. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38590-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38590-2"><bdi>978-0-313-38590-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almoravids+and+the+Meanings+of+Jihad&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Praeger%2FABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-38590-2&rft.aulast=Messier&rft.aufirst=Ronald+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRfxoq5MzHa4C%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaifa+of+Valencia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taifa_Kingdoms_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taifa_Kingdoms_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Template:Taifa Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taifa_Kingdoms_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Template talk:Taifa Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taifa_Kingdoms_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taifa Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taifa_Kingdoms_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">Taifa</a> Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Albarrac%C3%ADn" title="Taifa of Albarracín">Albarracín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Algeciras" title="Taifa of Algeciras">Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Taifa of Almería">Almería</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Alpuente" title="Taifa of Alpuente">Alpuente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Arcos" title="Taifa of Arcos">Arcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Badajoz" title="Taifa of Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Carmona" title="Taifa of Carmona">Carmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Taifa of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Denia" class="mw-redirect" title="Taifa of Denia">Dénia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Granada" title="Taifa of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Jerica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taifa of Jerica (page does not exist)">Jerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_L%C3%A9rida" title="Taifa of Lérida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Lisbon" title="Taifa of Lisbon">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Lorca" title="Taifa of Lorca">Lorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Málaga</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Majorca" title="Taifa of Majorca">Mallorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A9rtola" title="Taifa of Mértola">Mértola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Molina" title="Taifa of Molina">Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Mor%C3%B3n" title="Taifa of Morón">Morón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murcia" title="Taifa of Murcia">Murcia</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murviedro_and_Sagunto" title="Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto">Murviedro and Sagunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla" title="Taifa of Niebla">Niebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Ronda" title="Taifa of Ronda">Ronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Salt%C3%A9s_and_Huelva" title="Taifa of Saltés and Huelva">Saltés and Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Santa_Maria_do_Algarve" title="Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve">Santa Maria do Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Segorbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taifa of Segorbe (page does not exist)">Segorbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Silves" title="Taifa of Silves">Silves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Toledo" title="Taifa of Toledo">Toledo</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Tortosa" title="Taifa of Tortosa">Tortosa</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valencia</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Zaragoza" title="Taifa of Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Taifa of Almería">Almería</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Arcos" title="Taifa of Arcos">Arcos</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Badajoz" title="Taifa of Badajoz">Badajoz</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Beja_and_%C3%89vora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taifa of Beja and Évora (page does not exist)">Beja and Évora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Carmona" title="Taifa of Carmona">Carmona</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Constantina_and_Hornachuelos" title="Taifa of Constantina and Hornachuelos">Constantina and Hornachuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Guadix_and_Baza" title="Taifa of Guadix and Baza">Guadix and Baza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Ja%C3%A9n" title="Taifa of Jaén">Jaén</a> (I / II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Jerez" title="Taifa of Jerez">Jerez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Málaga</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A9rtola" title="Taifa of Mértola">Mértola</a> (II / III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murcia" title="Taifa of Murcia">Murcia</a> (III / IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla" title="Taifa of Niebla">Niebla</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Purchena" title="Taifa of Purchena">Purchena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Santar%C3%A9m" title="Taifa of Santarém">Santarém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Segura" title="Taifa of Segura">Segura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Silves" title="Taifa of Silves">Silves</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Tavira" title="Taifa of Tavira">Tavira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Tejada" title="Taifa of Tejada">Tejada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valencia</a> (III)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Arjona" class="mw-redirect" title="Taifa of Arjona">Arjona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Baeza" title="Taifa of Baeza">Baeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Denia" class="mw-redirect" title="Taifa of Denia">Dénia</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Lorca" title="Taifa of Lorca">Lorca</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Málaga</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Menorca" title="Taifa of Menorca">Menorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murcia" title="Taifa of Murcia">Murcia</a> (V)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla" title="Taifa of Niebla">Niebla</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Orihuela" title="Taifa of Orihuela">Orihuela</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valencia</a> (IV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rodrigo_Díaz_de_Vivar_(&quot;El_Cid&quot;)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rodrigo_D%C3%ADaz" title="Template:Rodrigo Díaz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rodrigo_D%C3%ADaz" title="Template talk:Rodrigo Díaz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rodrigo_D%C3%ADaz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rodrigo Díaz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rodrigo_Díaz_de_Vivar_(&quot;El_Cid&quot;)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ("El Cid")</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Prince of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valencia</a> (1094–1099)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graus" title="Battle of Graus">Battle of Graus</a> (1063)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Llantada" title="Battle of Llantada">Battle of Llantada</a> (1068)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Golpejera" title="Battle of Golpejera">Battle of Golpejera</a> (1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cabra" title="Battle of Cabra">Battle of Cabra</a> (1079)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almenar_(1082)" title="Battle of Almenar (1082)">Battle of Almenar</a> (1082)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morella" title="Battle of Morella">Battle of Morella</a> (1084–1088)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valencia_(1092%E2%80%931094)" title="Siege of Valencia (1092–1094)">Siege of Valencia</a> (1092–1094)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cuarte" title="Battle of Cuarte">Battle of Cuarte</a> (1094)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bair%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bairén">Battle of Bairén</a> (1097)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tizona" title="Tizona">Tizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colada" title="Colada">Colada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimena_D%C3%ADaz" title="Jimena Díaz">Jimena Díaz</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(son_of_El_Cid)" title="Diego Rodríguez (son of El Cid)">Diego Rodríguez</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(noble)" title="Cristina Rodríguez (noble)">Cristina Rodríguez</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Vivar" title="María Rodríguez de Vivar">María Rodríguez</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre" title="García Ramírez of Navarre">García Ramírez of Navarre</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Fern%C3%A1ndez_of_Oviedo" title="Diego Fernández of Oviedo">Diego Fernández of Oviedo</a> (father-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_del_Cid" title="Camino del Cid">Camino del Cid</a> (cultural itinerary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos_Cathedral" title="Burgos Cathedral">Tomb of El Cid and Doña Jimena</a> (tomb)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrecid" title="Torrecid">Torrecid</a> (camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivar_del_Cid" title="Vivar del Cid">Vivar del Cid</a> (birthplace)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Campidoctoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmen Campidoctoris">Carmen Campidoctoris</a></i> (epic poem, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1083</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Alqama" title="Ibn Alqama">Ibn Alqama</a> (historian, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bassam" title="Ibn Bassam">Ibn Bassam</a> (historian, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1109</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Roderici" title="Historia Roderici">Historia Roderici</a></i> (chronicle, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1181–1190</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B3nica_particular_del_Cid" title="Crónica particular del Cid">Crónica particular del Cid</a></i> (biography, 1512)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantar_de_mio_Cid" title="Cantar de mio Cid">Cantar de mio Cid</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cantar_de_gesta" title="Cantar de gesta">cantar de gesta</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140–1207</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mocedades_de_Rodrigo" title="Mocedades de Rodrigo">Mocedades de Rodrigo</a></i> (cantar de gesta, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1360</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B3nica_popular_del_Cid" title="Crónica popular del Cid">Crónica popular del Cid</a></i> (biography, 1498)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cid" title="Le Cid">Le Cid</a></i> (tragicomedy, 1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cid_(opera)" title="Le Cid (opera)">Le Cid</a></i> (opera, 1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Cid_Campeador_(sculpture)" title="El Cid Campeador (sculpture)">El Cid Campeador</a></i> (sculpture, 1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Cid_(film)" title="El Cid (film)">El Cid</a></i> (film, 1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruy,_the_Little_Cid" title="Ruy, the Little Cid">Ruy, the Little Cid</a></i> (animated series, 1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodrigue_et_Chim%C3%A8ne" title="Rodrigue et Chimène">Rodrigue et Chimène</a></i> (opera, 1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Cid:_The_Legend" title="El Cid: The Legend">El Cid: The Legend</a></i> (animated film, 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Cid_(TV_series)" title="El Cid (TV series)">El Cid</a></i> (TV series, 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&oldid=1252997106">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&oldid=1252997106</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taifa_of_Valencia" title="Category:Taifa of Valencia">Taifa of Valencia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Valencian_Community" title="Category:History of the Valencian Community">History of the Valencian Community</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th_century_in_al-Andalus" title="Category:11th century in al-Andalus">11th century in al-Andalus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:12th_century_in_al-Andalus" title="Category:12th century in al-Andalus">12th century in al-Andalus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1010" title="Category:States and territories established in 1010">States and territories established in 1010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1010_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1010 establishments in Europe">1010 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1238" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1238">States and territories disestablished in 1238</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1238_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1238 disestablishments in Europe">1238 disestablishments in Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spain_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Spain articles missing geocoordinate data">Spain articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 21:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taifa_of_Valencia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-6cd999d6b6-mn75w","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.007","walltime":"1.200","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7758,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":110120,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8518,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":65356,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1072.343 1 -total"," 17.34% 185.995 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 17.07% 183.073 49 Template:Sfn"," 13.14% 140.868 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.18% 130.605 7 Template:Cite_book"," 11.19% 119.954 1 Template:Langx"," 10.40% 111.525 2 Template:Navbox"," 8.62% 92.459 1 Template:TaifaKingdoms"," 7.18% 77.015 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.75% 72.408 1 Template:ISO_3166_code"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.660","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20463276,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBennison2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosworth1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFletcher1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlood2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuichard2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMessier2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Chart\"] = 9,\n [\"Chart bottom\"] = 1,\n [\"Chart top\"] = 1,\n [\"Chart/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Chart/start\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord missing\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Taifa Of Valencia\"] = 1,\n [\"Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rodrigo Díaz\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 49,\n [\"Sfn whitelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TaifaKingdoms\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFLévi-Provençal1960\"] = 1,\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-756dx","timestamp":"20241128043601","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Taifa of Valencia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taifa_of_Valencia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q676811","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q676811","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-09-14T17:04:51Z","dateModified":"2024-10-23T21:40:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9b\/Location_map_Taifa_of_Valencia.svg","headline":"1010-1094"}</script> </body> </html>