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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="سكوت ماكدونالد كوكستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكوت ماكدونالد كوكستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Coxeter" title="Donald Coxeter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Donald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هارولد اسکات مک‌دونالد کاکسیتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هارولد اسکات مک‌دونالد کاکسیتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%A7_%EB%A7%A5%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%EC%BD%95%EC%84%9C%ED%84%B0" title="해럴드 스콧 맥도널드 콕서터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해럴드 스콧 맥도널드 콕서터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հարոլդ Քոքսեթեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարոլդ Քոքսեթեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Coxeter" title="Harold Coxeter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harold Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="הרולד סקוט מקדונלד קוקסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרולד סקוט מקדונלד קוקסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="سكوت ماكدونالد كوكستر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكوت ماكدونالد كوكستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Coxeter" title="Donald Coxeter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Donald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ハロルド・スコット・マクドナルド・コクセター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハロルド・スコット・マクドナルド・コクセター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter" title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Коксетер, Гарольд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коксетер, Гарольд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.S.M._Coxeter" title="H.S.M. Coxeter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="H.S.M. Coxeter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гарольд Коксетер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гарольд Коксетер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="哈罗德·斯科特·麦克唐纳·考克斯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈罗德·斯科特·麦克唐纳·考克斯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada">FRSC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H.S.M._Coxeter.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/H.S.M._Coxeter.jpeg" decoding="async" width="240" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-02-09</span>)</span>9 February 1907<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 March 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-03-31)</span> (aged 96)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto, Ontario">Toronto, Ontario</a>, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (B.A., 1929; Ph.D., 1931)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coxeter_element" title="Coxeter element">Coxeter element</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter_functor" class="mw-redirect" title="Coxeter functor">Coxeter functor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter_graph" title="Coxeter graph">Coxeter graph</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter_group" title="Coxeter group">Coxeter group</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter_matroid" title="Coxeter matroid">Coxeter matroid</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter_notation" title="Coxeter notation">Coxeter notation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter%27s_loxodromic_sequence_of_tangent_circles" title="Coxeter's loxodromic sequence of tangent circles">Coxeter's loxodromic sequence of tangent circles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter%E2%80%93Dynkin_diagram" title="Coxeter–Dynkin diagram">Coxeter–Dynkin diagram</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coxeter%E2%80%93Todd_lattice" title="Coxeter–Todd lattice">Coxeter–Todd lattice</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boerdijk%E2%80%93Coxeter_helix" title="Boerdijk–Coxeter helix">Boerdijk–Coxeter helix</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Goldberg%E2%80%93Coxeter_construction" title="Goldberg–Coxeter construction">Goldberg–Coxeter construction</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Todd%E2%80%93Coxeter_algorithm" title="Todd–Coxeter algorithm">Todd–Coxeter algorithm</a>*<br /><a href="/wiki/Tutte%E2%80%93Coxeter_graph" title="Tutte–Coxeter graph">Tutte–Coxeter graph</a><br /><a href="/wiki/LCF_notation" title="LCF notation">LCF notation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Regular_skew_apeirohedron" title="Regular skew apeirohedron">Regular skew apeirohedra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Hendrina, died in 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">a daughter, Susan Thomas, and a son, Edgar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Prize" title="Smith's Prize">Smith's Prize</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Marshall_Tory_Medal" title="Henry Marshall Tory Medal">Henry Marshall Tory Medal</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FPS</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery%E2%80%93Williams_Prize" title="Jeffery–Williams Prize">Jeffery–Williams Prize</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRM-Fields-PIMS_prize" title="CRM-Fields-PIMS prize">CRM-Fields-PIMS prize</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Medal" title="Sylvester Medal">Sylvester Medal</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">Geometry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._F._Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="H. F. Baker">H. F. Baker</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._G._Brown" title="W. G. Brown">W. G. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Johnson_(mathematician)" title="Norman Johnson (mathematician)">Norman Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harold Scott MacDonald</b> "<b>Donald</b>" <b>Coxeter</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada">FRSC</a></span></span> (9 February 1907 – 31 March 2003)<sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a British-Canadian <a href="/wiki/Geometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometer">geometer</a> and mathematician. He is regarded as one of the greatest geometers of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coxeter was born in England and educated at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, with student visits to <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. He worked for 60 years at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> in Canada, from 1936 until his retirement in 1996, becoming a full professor there in 1948. His many honours included membership in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Royal Society of Canada">Royal Society of Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>. </p><p>He was an author of 12 books, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifty-Nine_Icosahedra" title="The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra">The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra</a></i> (1938) and <i><a href="/wiki/Regular_Polytopes_(book)" title="Regular Polytopes (book)">Regular Polytopes</a></i> (1947). Many concepts in geometry and <a href="/wiki/Group_theory" title="Group theory">group theory</a> are named after him, including the <a href="/wiki/Coxeter_graph" title="Coxeter graph">Coxeter graph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coxeter_group" title="Coxeter group">Coxeter groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coxeter%27s_loxodromic_sequence_of_tangent_circles" title="Coxeter's loxodromic sequence of tangent circles">Coxeter's loxodromic sequence of tangent circles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coxeter%E2%80%93Dynkin_diagram" title="Coxeter–Dynkin diagram">Coxeter–Dynkin diagrams</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Todd%E2%80%93Coxeter_algorithm" title="Todd–Coxeter algorithm">Todd–Coxeter algorithm</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coxeter was born in <a href="/wiki/Kensington" title="Kensington">Kensington</a>, England, to Harold Samuel Coxeter and Lucy (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Gee</span>). His father had taken over the family business of Coxeter & Son, manufacturers of surgical instruments and compressed gases (including a mechanism for anaesthetising surgical patients with <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a>), but was able to retire early and focus on sculpting and baritone singing; Lucy Coxeter was a portrait and landscape painter who had attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a>. A maternal cousin was the architect Sir <a href="/wiki/Giles_Gilbert_Scott" title="Giles Gilbert Scott">Giles Gilbert Scott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his youth, Coxeter composed music and was an accomplished pianist at the age of 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He felt that <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics and music">mathematics and music</a> were intimately related, outlining his ideas in a 1962 article on "Music and Mathematics" in the <i>Canadian Music Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was educated at <a href="/wiki/King_Alfred_School,_London" title="King Alfred School, London">King Alfred School, London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_School,_Harpenden" title="St George's School, Harpenden">St George's School, Harpenden</a>, where his best friend was John Flinders Petrie, later a mathematician for whom <a href="/wiki/Petrie_polygon" title="Petrie polygon">Petrie polygons</a> were named. He was accepted at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>, in 1925, but decided to spend a year studying in hopes of gaining admittance to <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a>, where the standard of mathematics was higher.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coxeter won an entrance scholarship and went to Trinity in 1926 to read mathematics. There he earned his BA (as <a href="/wiki/Senior_Wrangler" title="Senior Wrangler">Senior Wrangler</a>) in 1928, and his doctorate in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932 he went to <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> for a year as a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Fellow">Rockefeller Fellow</a>, where he worked with <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weyl" title="Hermann Weyl">Hermann Weyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Veblen" title="Oswald Veblen">Oswald Veblen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Returning to Trinity for a year, he attended <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>'s seminars on the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Philosophy of mathematics">philosophy of mathematics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934 he spent a further year at Princeton as a Procter Fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936 Coxeter moved to the University of Toronto. In 1938 he and <a href="/wiki/P._Du_Val" class="mw-redirect" title="P. Du Val">P. Du Val</a>, H. T. Flather, and <a href="/wiki/John_Flinders_Petrie" title="John Flinders Petrie">John Flinders Petrie</a> published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifty-Nine_Icosahedra" title="The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra">The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. In 1940 Coxeter edited the eleventh edition of <i>Mathematical Recreations and Essays</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally published by <a href="/wiki/W._W._Rouse_Ball" title="W. W. Rouse Ball">W. W. Rouse Ball</a> in 1892. He was elevated to <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> in 1948. He was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Royal Society of Canada">Royal Society of Canada</a> in 1948 and a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in 1950. He met <a href="/wiki/M._C._Escher" title="M. C. Escher">M. C. Escher</a> in 1954 and the two became lifelong friends; his work on geometric figures helped inspire some of Escher's works, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Circle_Limit_III" title="Circle Limit III"><i>Circle Limit</i></a> series based on <a href="/wiki/Hyperbolic_geometry" title="Hyperbolic geometry">hyperbolic</a> <a href="/wiki/Tessellation" title="Tessellation">tessellations</a>. He also inspired some of the innovations of <a href="/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller" title="Buckminster Fuller">Buckminster Fuller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coxeter, <a href="/wiki/M._S._Longuet-Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="M. S. Longuet-Higgins">M. S. Longuet-Higgins</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._C._P._Miller" title="J. C. P. Miller">J. C. P. Miller</a> were the first to publish the full <a href="/wiki/List_of_uniform_polyhedra" title="List of uniform polyhedra">list of uniform polyhedra</a> (1954).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He worked for 60 years at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> and published twelve books. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coxeter was a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a>. He attributed his longevity to his vegetarian diet, daily exercise such as fifty press-ups and standing on his head for fifteen minutes each morning, and consuming a nightly cocktail made from <a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a> (a coffee liqueur), <a href="/wiki/Peach_schnapps" class="mw-redirect" title="Peach schnapps">peach schnapps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1978, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Mathematical_Society" title="Canadian Mathematical Society">Canadian Mathematical Society</a> have awarded the <a href="/wiki/Coxeter%E2%80%93James_Prize" title="Coxeter–James Prize">Coxeter–James Prize</a> in his honor. </p><p>He was made a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in 1950 and in 1997 he was awarded their <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Medal" title="Sylvester Medal">Sylvester Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, he became a Foreign Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1997 was made a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada#Companion" title="Order of Canada">Companion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973 he received the <a href="/wiki/Jeffery%E2%80%93Williams_Prize" title="Jeffery–Williams Prize">Jeffery–Williams Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacTutor_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">festschrift</a> in his honour, <i>The Geometric Vein</i>, was published in 1982. It contained 41 essays on geometry, based on a symposium for Coxeter held at Toronto in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second such volume, <i>The Coxeter Legacy</i>, was published in 2006 based on a Toronto Coxeter symposium held in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1940: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01181449">"Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes I"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mathematische_Zeitschrift" title="Mathematische Zeitschrift">Mathematische Zeitschrift</a></i> 46: 380–407, MR 2,10 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01181449">10.1007/BF01181449</a></li> <li>1942: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Non_Euclidean_Geometry.html?id=usKZpDAH0WUC"><i>Non-Euclidean Geometry</i></a> (1st edition),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2nd ed, 1947), (3rd ed, 1957), (4th ed, 1961), (5th ed, 1965), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a> (6th ed, 1998), <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Association_of_America" title="Mathematical Association of America">MAA</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88385-522-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88385-522-5">978-0-88385-522-5</a>.</li> <li>1954: (with <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Longuet-Higgins" title="Michael S. Longuet-Higgins">Michael S. Longuet-Higgins</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._C._P._Miller" title="J. C. P. Miller">J. C. P. Miller</a>) "Uniform Polyhedra", <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_A" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</a> 246: 401–50 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.1954.0003">10.1098/rsta.1954.0003</a></li> <li>1949: <i>The Real Projective Plane</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1957: (with W. O. J. Moser) <i>Generators and Relations for Discrete Groups</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1980: Second edition, Springer-Verlag <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-09212-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-09212-9">0-387-09212-9</a></li> <li>1961: <i>Introduction to Geometry</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2nd paperback edition 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-50458-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-50458-0">978-0-471-50458-0</a>.)</li> <li>1963: <i>Regular Polytopes</i> (2nd edition), Macmillan Company</li> <li>1967: (with <a href="/wiki/S._L._Greitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="S. L. Greitzer">S. L. Greitzer</a>) <i>Geometry Revisited</i></li> <li>1970: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Twisted_Honeycombs.html?id=qwXrfwL9ByQC"><i>Twisted honeycombs</i></a> (American Mathematical Society, 1970, Regional conference series in mathematics Number 4, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8218-1653-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8218-1653-5">0-8218-1653-5</a>)</li> <li>1973: <i><a href="/wiki/Regular_Polytopes_(book)" title="Regular Polytopes (book)">Regular Polytopes</a></i>, (3rd edition), Dover edition, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-61480-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-61480-8">0-486-61480-8</a></li> <li>1974: <i>Projective Geometry</i> (2nd edition)</li> <li>1974: <i>Regular Complex Polytopes</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20125-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20125-4">978-0-521-20125-4</a>.</li> <li>1981: (with R. Frucht and D. L. Powers), <i>Zero-Symmetric Graphs</i>, <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-194580-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-194580-0">978-0-12-194580-0</a>.</li> <li>1985: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01161657">"Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II"</a>, <i>Mathematische Zeitschrift</i> 188: 559–591</li> <li>1987 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/us/book/9780387406237">Projective Geometry</a></i> (1987) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-40623-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-40623-7">978-0-387-40623-7</a></li> <li>1988: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01161745">"Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III"</a>, <i>Mathematische Zeitschrift</i> 200: 3–45</li> <li>1995: F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson and Asia Ivić Weiss, editors: <i>Kaleidoscopes — Selected Writings of H. S. M. Coxeter</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-01003-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-01003-0">0-471-01003-0</a>.</li> <li>1999: <i>The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays</i>, Dover Publications, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/99035678">99-35678</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-40919-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-40919-8">0-486-40919-8</a></li> <li>2011: The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra, Tarquin Group, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907550-08-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907550-08-9">978-1-907550-08-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coxeter%E2%80%93James_Prize" title="Coxeter–James Prize">Coxeter–James Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_similarity" title="Spiral similarity">Spiral similarity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=12555">Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memoir-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsIvić_Weiss2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Roberts" title="Siobhan Roberts">Roberts, Siobhan</a>; Ivić Weiss, Asia (2006). <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Longair" title="Malcolm Longair">Longair, Malcolm</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2006.0004">"Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter. 9 February 1907 — 31 March 2003: Elected FRS 1950"</a>. <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>52</b>: 45–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2006.0004">10.1098/rsbm.2006.0004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1748-8494">1748-8494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Harold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter.+9+February+1907+%E2%80%94+31+March+2003%3A+Elected+FRS+1950&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=45-66&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2006.0004&rft.issn=1748-8494&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Siobhan&rft.au=Ivi%C4%87+Weiss%2C+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.2006.0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225225114/https://www.maa.org/press/books/geometry-revisited">"Geometry Revisited"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Association_of_America" title="Mathematical Association of America">Mathematical Association of America</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maa.org/press/books/geometry-revisited">the original</a> on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=Geometry+Revisited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maa.org%2Fpress%2Fbooks%2Fgeometry-revisited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-89876">"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F89876">10.1093/ref:odnb/89876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F89876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-89876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Roberts" title="Siobhan Roberts">Roberts, Siobhan</a>, <i>King of Infinite Space: Donald Coxeter, The Man Who Saved Geometry</i>, Walker & Company, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8027-1499-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8027-1499-4">0-8027-1499-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacTutor-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacTutor_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Coxeter.html">"Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FCoxeter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrame,_J._S.1940" class="citation journal cs1">Frame, J. S. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1940-46-03/S0002-9904-1940-07170-8/S0002-9904-1940-07170-8.pdf">"Review: <i>Mathematical Recreations and Essays</i>, 11th edition, by W. W. Rouse Ball; revised by H. S. M. Coxeter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 211–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1940-07170-8">10.1090/S0002-9904-1940-07170-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Mathematical+Recreations+and+Essays%2C+11th+edition%2C+by+W.+W.+Rouse+Ball%3B+revised+by+H.+S.+M.+Coxeter&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=211-213&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1940-07170-8&rft.au=Frame%2C+J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1940-46-03%2FS0002-9904-1940-07170-8%2FS0002-9904-1940-07170-8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Coxeter, <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Longuet-Higgins" title="Michael S. Longuet-Higgins">Michael S. Longuet-Higgins</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._C._P._Miller" title="J. C. P. Miller">J. C. P. Miller</a>. "Uniform Polyhedra", <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_A" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</a> 246: 401–50 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.1954.0003">10.1098/rsta.1954.0003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/harold-scott-macdonald-coxeter">"Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter"</a>. <i>Member directory</i>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Member+directory&rft.atitle=Harold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fharold-scott-macdonald-coxeter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Office of the Governor General of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=3762">Order of Canada citation</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 26 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdge1983" class="citation journal cs1">Edge, W. L. (June 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0013091500017016">"Review of <i>The Geometric Vein</i>"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 284–285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0013091500017016">10.1017/s0013091500017016</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Edinburgh+Mathematical+Society&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Geometric+Vein&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=284-285&rft.date=1983-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0013091500017016&rft.aulast=Edge&rft.aufirst=W.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fs0013091500017016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisEllers2006" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Chandler; Ellers, Erich, eds. (2006). <i>The Coxeter Legacy</i>. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0821837221" title="Special:BookSources/978-0821837221"><bdi>978-0821837221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coxeter+Legacy&rft.place=Providence%2C+Rhode+Island&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0821837221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenthal,_L._M.1943" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Blumenthal" title="Leonard Blumenthal">Blumenthal, L. M.</a> (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1943-49-09/S0002-9904-1943-07977-3/S0002-9904-1943-07977-3.pdf">"Review: <i>Non-euclidean geometry</i> by H. S. M. Coxeter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>49</b> (9): 679–680. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1943-07977-3">10.1090/s0002-9904-1943-07977-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Non-euclidean+geometry+by+H.+S.+M.+Coxeter&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=679-680&rft.date=1943&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1943-07977-3&rft.au=Blumenthal%2C+L.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1943-49-09%2FS0002-9904-1943-07977-3%2FS0002-9904-1943-07977-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuVal,_Patrick1950" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_du_Val" title="Patrick du Val">DuVal, Patrick</a> (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1950-56-04/S0002-9904-1950-09414-2/S0002-9904-1950-09414-2.pdf">"Review: <i>The real projective plane</i> by H. S. M. Coxeter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>56</b> (4): 376–378. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1950-09414-2">10.1090/s0002-9904-1950-09414-2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+real+projective+plane+by+H.+S.+M.+Coxeter&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=376-378&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1950-09414-2&rft.au=DuVal%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1950-56-04%2FS0002-9904-1950-09414-2%2FS0002-9904-1950-09414-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall_Jr.,_Marshall1958" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Hall_(mathematician)" title="Marshall Hall (mathematician)">Hall Jr., Marshall</a> (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1958-64-03/S0002-9904-1958-10178-0/S0002-9904-1958-10178-0.pdf">"Review: <i>Generators and relations for discrete groups</i> by H. S. M. Coxeter and W. O. J. Moser"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society">Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society</a></i>. 64, Part 1 (3): 106–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1958-10178-0">10.1090/S0002-9904-1958-10178-0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Mathematical+Society&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Generators+and+relations+for+discrete+groups+by+H.+S.+M.+Coxeter+and+W.+O.+J.+Moser&rft.volume=64%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=106-108&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1958-10178-0&rft.au=Hall+Jr.%2C+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1958-64-03%2FS0002-9904-1958-10178-0%2FS0002-9904-1958-10178-0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreudenthal,_H.1962" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Freudenthal" title="Hans Freudenthal">Freudenthal, H.</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1962-68-02/S0002-9904-1962-10714-9/S0002-9904-1962-10714-9.pdf">"Review: <i>Introduction to geometry</i> by H. S. M. Coxeter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>68</b> (2): 55–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1962-10714-9">10.1090/s0002-9904-1962-10714-9</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Introduction+to+geometry+by+H.+S.+M.+Coxeter&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=55-59&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1962-10714-9&rft.au=Freudenthal%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1962-68-02%2FS0002-9904-1962-10714-9%2FS0002-9904-1962-10714-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevi,_H.1963" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Levi" title="Howard Levi">Levi, H.</a> (1963). "Review: <i>Introduction to Geometry</i> by H. S. M. Coxeter". <i>The Journal of Philosophy</i>. <b>60</b> (1): 19–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2023059">10.2307/2023059</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2023059">2023059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Introduction+to+Geometry+by+H.+S.+M.+Coxeter&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-21&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2023059&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2023059%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Levi%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisEllers2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Davis" title="Chandler Davis">Davis, Chandler</a>; Ellers, Erich W, eds. (2006). <i>The Coxeter Legacy: Reflections and Projections</i>. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-3722-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8218-3722-1"><bdi>978-0-8218-3722-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62282754">62282754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coxeter+Legacy%3A+Reflections+and+Projections&rft.place=Providence%2C+R.I.&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62282754&rft.isbn=978-0-8218-3722-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Roberts" title="Siobhan Roberts">Roberts, Siobhan</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingofinfinitesp00robe"><i>King of Infinite Space: Donald Coxeter, the Man Who Saved Geometry</i></a></span>. New York: Walker & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1499-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1499-2"><bdi>978-0-8027-1499-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71436884">71436884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+of+Infinite+Space%3A+Donald+Coxeter%2C+the+Man+Who+Saved+Geometry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Walker+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71436884&rft.isbn=978-0-8027-1499-2&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Siobhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingofinfinitesp00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Scott+MacDonald+Coxeter" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-width:1px; border-color:#E0E0E0; width:20em; background-color:#FFF; margin:0.2em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:1.2em; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Archives at</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129916?uselang=en#P485" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Identifiers</th><td class="infobox-data">1183 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129916?uselang=en#P485" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/harold-scott-macdonald-coxeter-fonds">Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter fonds</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/harold-scott-macdonald-coxeter-fonds">Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter archival papers</a> held at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utarms.library.utoronto.ca/">University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=12555">Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/notices/200310/fea-coxeter.pdf">H. S. M. Coxeter (1907–2003), Erich W. Ellers, Branko Grünbaum, Peter McMullen, Asia Ivic Weiss</a> Notices of the AMS: Volume 50, Number 10.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.yorku.ca/dcoxeter/">www.donaldcoxeter.com www.math.yorku.ca/dcoxeter</a> webpages dedicated to him (in development)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovermagazine.com/2007/apr/jarons-world-shapes-in-other-dimensions">Jaron's World: Shapes in Other Dimensions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discover_(magazine)" title="Discover (magazine)">Discover mag.</a>, Apr 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.pims.math.ca/realvideo-ram/education/2000/CtC/coxeter/coxeter.ram">The Mathematics in the Art of M.C. Escher</a> video of a lecture by H.S.M. Coxeter, April 28, 2000.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95255476">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/68301/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjxtHkqkvw8DwRbYTttKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118522507">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81019969">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12062548j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12062548j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00436797">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001519&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068584741">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Coxeter, H. S. M. (Harold Scott Macdonald), 1907-2003"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000090741&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvvqm03cpvqvj">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810593987705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007310741105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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