Electronics

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tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3"> <div> <div class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper--block" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Sign Up to Get NIST News</h2> <div><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_1" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery" ><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--topic" data-elastic-exclude="" > <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-ef435fe6b75b938e0e5bc31dc138161afacfacffe198dc664221ef8072af3419"> <div class="link-list"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Electronics Topics</h2> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/electromagnetics" hreflang="en">Electromagnetics</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/flexible-electronics" hreflang="en">Flexible electronics</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/magnetoelectronics" hreflang="en">Magnetoelectronics</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/optoelectronics" hreflang="en">Optoelectronics</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/organic-electronics" hreflang="en">Organic electronics</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/semiconductors" hreflang="en">Semiconductors</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/sensors" hreflang="en">Sensors</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/superconducting-electronics" hreflang="en">Superconducting electronics</a></div></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9" > <div class="text-with-summary margin-bottom-5"> <p>In the realm of electrons and light, NIST provides the standards, develops the instruments and performs the calibrations necessary to keep both the smallest electronic components and the largest power grids running smoothly and safely.</p> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="grid-container margin-y-5"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-research paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-region-heading"> <h2>The Research</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-8 padding-right-5 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Projects & Programs</h2> <article about="/programs-projects/chemical-functionalization-and-manipulation-nano-materials" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/chemical-functionalization-and-manipulation-nano-materials" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/01/14/hacker_1.png?itok=r6w_hlkq" width="100" height="56" alt="Schematic of interface engineering 2D materials." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/chemical-functionalization-and-manipulation-nano-materials"><span>Chemical Functionalization and Manipulation of Nano Materials</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--green list-string">Completed</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> This project focuses on manipulating nanomaterials, including weakly bonded van der Waals systems, and probing emergent phenomena in these nanoengineered systems to impact technologies such as nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, quantum sensing, and quantum computing. Developing processes to </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/electric-power-metrology-and-smart-grid" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/electric-power-metrology-and-smart-grid" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/11/13/goldstein_synchrophasor_calibrator.png?itok=C6EohWO0" width="100" height="80" alt="Allen Goldstein" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/electric-power-metrology-and-smart-grid"><span>Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue list-string">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Major advancements in electric power generation, transmission, distribution and loads over the last 20 years have led to improvements, reliability, robustness, efficiency and energy security unlike anything from the proceeding 80 years. Combined, this power grid modernization has been called the </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/single-photonics-and-quantum-information" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/single-photonics-and-quantum-information" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2018/07/10/wafer_1.jpg?itok=mQCzwqT2" width="100" height="74" alt="wafer" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/single-photonics-and-quantum-information"><span>Single Photonics and Quantum Information</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue list-string">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> One of the activities in this group is the development of single photon technologies for quantum information science and technology. We work closely with the Nanostructure Fabrication and Metrology Project on the generation of novel non-classical states of light and the detection of single photons </div> </div> </div> </article> <article about="/programs-projects/three-dimensional-nanometer-metrology" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/three-dimensional-nanometer-metrology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/05/30/vladar_2.png?itok=ediq-UDQ" width="100" height="62" alt="The excellent agreement of measured and simulated TSOM images allow for more reliable quantitative results" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/three-dimensional-nanometer-metrology"><span>Three-Dimensional Nanometer Metrology</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue list-string">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Important physical and chemical properties of nanometer scale devices and structures depend on their shape and size. The benefits of nano are already increasing many applications, and are expected to grow significantly. For these applications, measurement accuracy is a fundamental measurement </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="link-list"><a href="/laboratories/projects-programs/topic/248486">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-y-2"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Additional Resources Links</h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden nist-field--link-list link nist-field--link-list font-sans-sm"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"><a href="/publications/search?k=&d%5Bmin%5D=&d%5Bmax%5D=&t=&a=&s=All&ta%5B0%5D=248486&n=">Publications</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--topic-featured paragraph--view-mode--default nist-content-row--width-full bg-base-lightest margin-y-5"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full nist-card--base-lightest"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/measuring-cosmos"> <div class="entity-reference"> <figure class="nist-image"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/800w_x_400h/public/images/2021/10/14/AdvACT_MF_array_edge%20%281%29.jpg.webp?itok=FCB5E19v" width="800" height="400" alt="Closeup of metallic plate shows circular sensors. " typeof="foaf:Image" /> <figcaption class="nist-image__caption"> <div data-caption-editable="true" class="nist-image__caption-content"> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3> Measuring the Cosmos </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>Scientists around the world use state-of-the-art telescopes to understand our universe. </p> <p>Take a look under the hood and see the NIST technology that helps answer many cosmic questions.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/measuring-cosmos" class="usa-button ">Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">News and Updates</h2> <div class="margin-bottom-5"> <div class="entity-reference"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--horizontal nist-card--horizontal-full"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/paving-way-electronic-organs-chip"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2020/10/28/organ%20on%20a%20chip.jpg.webp?itok=TTnQExFE" width="600" height="360" alt="the D squared M squared CM device in action. Red and green cells filter through membranes to meet in the middle of an X pattern." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title"> <h3><span>Paving the Way for Electronic Organs-on-a-Chip</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> It may sound like science fiction, but “organ on a chip” systems — devices capable of imitating the interaction of cells in a specific organ such as the lungs or liver — have begun to be used to test the effectiveness of drugs in the past few years. We use these systems to quantify the physical properties of cells, which provide information regarding the cells’ health before and after treatment </div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/paving-way-electronic-organs-chip" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-news-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-1de2f8f6a911f684a4239d2dcbc8d9b62d372f8081d58dc3e79cde7609f31fa7"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/03/first-ever-comparison-between-national-metrology-institutes-kw-power-regime"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2025/03/05/paul-williams.png?h=d34c6445&itok=vGgkcJj1" width="400" height="250" alt="Paul Williams" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">A first-ever comparison between National Metrology Institutes in the kW-power regime</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/03/first-ever-comparison-between-national-metrology-institutes-kw-power-regime" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/02/calibration-leaders-and-researchers-nist-sources-and-detectors-group"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2025/02/21/f-18.png?h=9f7a1e98&itok=snlOJysM" width="400" height="250" alt="F-18" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">Calibration leaders and researchers in the NIST Sources and Detectors Group support U.S. Military Aviation with laser-targeting system calibrations</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/02/calibration-leaders-and-researchers-nist-sources-and-detectors-group" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/02/physicist-and-steampunk-enthusiast-explores-thermodynamics-quantum-world"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2025/02/13/nicole-yunger-halpern.png?h=fa5f4214&itok=fzF6E3qk" width="400" height="250" alt="Nicole Yunger Halpern" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">A Physicist and Steampunk Enthusiast Explores Thermodynamics in the Quantum World</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/news-events/news/2025/02/physicist-and-steampunk-enthusiast-explores-thermodynamics-quantum-world" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/news-events/news-updates/topic/248486">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Blog Posts</h2> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-blog-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-5a90ba12fe0a9837234f6e978af6082aa725dae3415671d6a9c441a22a7a9497"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/high-flying-science-how-and-why-we-sent-refrigerator-halfway-space"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/high-flying-science-how-and-why-we-sent-refrigerator-halfway-space" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2025/01/23/ephraim_gau_tes_balloon_in_air_012125.JPG?h=1f7c1d57&itok=u9SJYbJG" width="400" height="250" alt="A rectangular box coated with reflective foil hangs from cables over a parking lot." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>High-Flying Science: How and Why We Sent a Refrigerator Halfway to Space</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/high-flying-science-how-and-why-we-sent-refrigerator-halfway-space" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/whats-name-magnetic-weber"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/whats-name-magnetic-weber" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2024/10/01/whats_in_a_name_series_header_the_weber.png?h=fabd898d&itok=3KWwV6ZB" width="400" height="250" alt="Header shows a drawing of Wilhelm Weber, an electricity transmission tower, and a magnet, and reads: What's in a Name? The Stories Behind the Names of Units of Measurement. " typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>What’s in a Name? The Magnetic Weber </span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/whats-name-magnetic-weber" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/curiosity-career-encouraging-students-pursue-stem-education"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/curiosity-career-encouraging-students-pursue-stem-education" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2023/12/18/trey_diulus_in_lab_december_2023.jpg?itok=a_rvNatD" width="400" height="250" alt="Trey Diulus poses sitting in the lab with a large, complex scientific instrument in the foreground." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>Curiosity to Career: Encouraging Students to Pursue STEM Education</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/curiosity-career-encouraging-students-pursue-stem-education" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/categories/248486">View All Blog Posts</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="padding-5 bg-primary-dark"> <h2 class="text-white text-center">Stay in Touch</h2> <p class="text-white text-center">Sign up for our newsletter to stay up to date with the latest research, trends, and news for Electronics.</p> <form action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscribers/qualify" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"> <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" /> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" id="topic_id" value="USNIST_8"/> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-1 flex flex-justify-center"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-3"> <label 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