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class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>軍事獨裁（1964年-1985年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軍事獨裁（1964年-1985年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民主主義（1985年起）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民主主義（1985年起）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>民主主義（1985年起）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民主主義（1985年起）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">巴西歷史</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84" title="تاريخ البرازيل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ البرازيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Brasil" title="Historia de Brasil – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia de Brasil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%96" title="Гісторыя Бразіліі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гісторыя Бразіліі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История на Бразилия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История на Бразилия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ব্রাজিলের ইতিহাস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রাজিলের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_del_Brasil" title="Història del Brasil – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història del Brasil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny_Braz%C3%ADlie" title="Dějiny Brazílie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Brazílie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanes_Brasil" title="Hanes Brasil – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanes Brasil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasiliens_historie" title="Brasiliens historie – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brasiliens historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_Brasiliens" title="Geschichte Brasiliens – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte Brasiliens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ιστορία της Βραζιλίας – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία της Βραζιλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Brazil" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_de_Brazilo" title="Historio de Brazilo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio de Brazilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_del_Brasil" title="Historia del Brasil – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia del Brasil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasilgo_historia" title="Brasilgo historia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brasilgo historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="تاریخ برزیل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ برزیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasilian_historia" title="Brasilian historia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brasilian historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_du_Br%C3%A9sil" title="Histoire du Brésil – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire du Brésil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_do_Brasil" title="Historia do Brasil – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C" title="היסטוריה של ברזיל – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה של ברזיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ब्राज़ील का इतिहास – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्राज़ील का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest_Brazila" title="Povijest Brazila – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest Brazila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braz%C3%ADlia_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme" title="Brazília történelme – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brazília történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բրազիլիայի պատմություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրազիլիայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Brasil" title="Historia de Brasil – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Historia de Brasil" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Brazilia" title="Historio di Brazilia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Brazilia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_del_Brasile" title="Storia del Brasile – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia del Brasile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="ブラジルの歴史 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラジルの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბრაზილიის ისტორია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაზილიის ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="브라질의 역사 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브라질의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Brasiliensis" title="Historia Brasiliensis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia Brasiliensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilijos_istorija" title="Brazilijos istorija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brazilijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Историја на Бразил – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја на Бразил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ब्राझिलचा इतिहास – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्राझिलचा इतिहास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3ria_de_l_Brasil" title="Stória de l Brasil – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stória de l Brasil" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Brazili%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van Brazilië – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Brazilië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasils_historie" title="Brasils historie – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brasils historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Brazylii" title="Historia Brazylii – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Brazylii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_Brasil" title="História do Brasil – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_Braziliei" title="Istoria Braziliei – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istoria Braziliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="История Бразилии – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Бразилии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_e_Brazilit" title="Historia e Brazilit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia e Brazilit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorija_Brazila" title="Istorija Brazila – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Istorija Brazila" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasiliens_historia" title="Brasiliens historia – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brasiliens historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezilya_tarihi" title="Brezilya tarihi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brezilya tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97" title="Історія Бразилії – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Бразилії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braziliya_tarixi" title="Braziliya tarixi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Braziliya tarixi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Brasil" title="Lịch sử Brasil – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Brasil" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="巴西历史 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴西历史" 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a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile plainlist" style="width:15em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:巴西歷史">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle vcard" style="background:#ccf; padding-top:0.2em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">巴西歷史</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left; background:#EEEEEE;text-align:center;">史前时期</div> <div class="NavContent plainlist" style="font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align: center; text-align:centerfloat:left; clear:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="巴西原住民">巴西原住民</a></li></ul></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left; background:#EEEEEE;text-align:center;">殖民时期</div> <div class="NavContent plainlist" style="font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align: center; text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="巴西殖民地">葡属巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99-%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%BB%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙-巴西-阿尔加维联合王国">葡萄牙-巴西-阿尔加维联合</a></li></ul></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left; background:#EEEEEE;text-align:center;">独立时期</div> <div class="NavContent plainlist" style="font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0 0.4em; text-align: center; text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="巴西帝國">巴西帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD" title="巴西合众国">巴西合众国</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热图利奥·瓦加斯时期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vargas Era"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%9B%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热图利奥·瓦加斯时期（页面不存在）">热图利奥·瓦加斯时期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargas_Era" class="extiw" title="en:Vargas Era"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vargas Era</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西第四共和国" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fourth Brazilian Republic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西第四共和国（页面不存在）">巴西第四共和国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Brazilian_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:Fourth Brazilian Republic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fourth Brazilian Republic</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="巴西軍人獨裁統治時期">巴西军政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西联邦共和国</a></li></ul></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;border-top:1px solid #ccc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:巴西历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:巴西历史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:巴西历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a></b>自8000年前即有人類在此繁衍生息。但有文字記載的歷史，則是自1500年4月22日<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>航海家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="佩德罗·卡布拉尔">佩德羅·卡布拉爾</a>發現巴西後才開始的。巴西被葡萄牙發現後，淪為葡萄牙的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="殖民地">殖民地</a>。1822年9月7日，巴西獨立，成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="巴西帝國">巴西帝國</a>。1889年，巴西爆發軍事<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="政變">政變</a>，巴西帝國被推翻，巴西由君主立憲政體轉為共和政體至今。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史前巴西"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D.E5.B7.B4.E8.A5.BF"></span>史前巴西</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：史前巴西"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在葡萄牙探险者抵达巴西之前，数百个不同的Jiquabu部落在这一区域居住。“在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="米纳斯吉拉斯州">米纳斯吉拉斯州</a>山地的人类最早可以追溯至10000年前”。<sup id="cite_ref-LevineCrocitti1999_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LevineCrocitti1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最早在西半球发现的陶器用碳同位素测试可以追至8000年前。印第安人中又分成許多種族，使用的語言多達一千多種，並且各自有著不同的風俗習慣。他們大多住在小部落中，可分成兩種部族：一種是住在亞馬遜的熱帶森林部族，一種是住在大草原地區的部族。不過他們最後並沒有發展成統一的國家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="殖民地时代（1500年-1822年）"><span id=".E6.AE.96.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.B0.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3.EF.BC.881500.E5.B9.B4-1822.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>殖民地时代（1500年-1822年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：殖民地时代（1500年-1822年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg/200px-Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg/300px-Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg/400px-Meirelles-primeiramissa2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4424" data-file-height="3399" /></a><figcaption>巴西的第一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92" title="弥撒">弥撒</a>（1500年）</figcaption></figure> <p>1500年4月22日，葡萄牙航海家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="佩德罗·卡布拉尔">佩德羅·卡布拉爾</a>到達巴西。隨後的三百年裡，葡萄牙人逐漸在此定居，一開始從事巴西紅木的採伐，後來逐漸擴展到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%98%E9%87%91" title="淘金">淘金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%94%97" title="甘蔗">甘蔗</a>種植，逐步成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="巴西殖民地">葡萄牙殖民地</a>。 </p><p>法国殖民者试图在巴西建立据点。其中于1555年至1567年在今<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A2" title="里约热内卢">里约热内卢</a>，于1612年至1614年在今<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%98%82%E5%B7%9E)" title="圣路易斯 (马拉尼昂州)">圣路易斯</a>。耶稣会在早先时期来到这里并且建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="聖保羅 (巴西)">聖保羅</a>。他们进行传教活动。 </p><p>之後葡萄牙一度被西班牙合併後，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>人一度占領巴西為己有（1624-1654年），但因為優秀的荷蘭總督<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E9%AA%9A-%E9%94%A1%E6%A0%B9%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8" title="拿骚-锡根的约翰·毛里茨">約翰·毛里茨</a>於1644年去職，葡萄牙就在1654年<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="首次英荷戰爭">首次英荷戰爭</a>後，重新奪取巴西。1693年巴西發現大金礦，成為世界黃金的主要出產地，因此讓葡萄牙國王極度富裕，建立王權強大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="絕對君主制">絕對君主制</a>。 </p><p>1808年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="拿破仑一世">拿破仑一世</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西第一帝国</a>入侵西班牙和葡萄牙，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="半岛战争">半岛战争</a>開打，很快兩國的首都<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a>被法軍攻陷，葡萄牙王室貴族和政府遷往巴西，1821年重返葡萄牙。這期間，巴西開始對<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>開放貿易港口。1815年<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%EF%BC%8D%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%8D%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%BB%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙－巴西－阿尔加维联合王国">葡萄牙－巴西－阿尔加维联合王国</a>成立，巴西王国与<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙王國">葡萄牙王國</a>结为共主邦联。1822年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="巴西帝國">巴西帝國</a>成立，巴西独立。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="巴西帝國（1822年-1889年）"><span id=".E5.B7.B4.E8.A5.BF.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B.EF.BC.881822.E5.B9.B4-1889.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>巴西帝國（1822年-1889年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：巴西帝國（1822年-1889年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西帝国">巴西帝国</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico_-_Independ%C3%AAncia_ou_Morte_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="34130" data-file-height="18254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="佩德罗一世 (巴西)">佩德罗一世</a>宣告巴西独立（1822年9月17日）</figcaption></figure> <p>1815年，国王授予巴西与葡萄牙和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾加維">阿爾加維</a>一样在联合国王中具有同等地位。1821年，当国王若昂六世从巴西返回葡萄牙后，他的大儿子佩德罗在巴西担任摄政。一年之后，佩德罗宣布巴西脱离葡萄牙并且发起独立战争。他在巴西建立一个君主立宪国家并且自己成为巴西皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="佩德罗一世 (巴西)">佩德罗一世</a>。 </p><p>1831年，由于政治方面不统一，佩德罗一世退位。他离开巴西前往葡萄牙，留下自己五岁的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="佩德罗二世 (巴西)">佩德罗二世</a>。巴西在1831年至1840年间由摄政所统治。在这一时期之后，佩德罗二世宣布成年并且拥有全部权力。他对于议会进行或多或少的支配。这个一直持续到1889年，佩德罗二世被一场政变所推翻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="舊共和國（1889年-1930年）"><span id=".E8.88.8A.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B.EF.BC.881889.E5.B9.B4-1930.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>舊共和國（1889年-1930年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：舊共和國（1889年-1930年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1889年，佩德罗二世被废黜，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E9%81%94%C2%B7%E8%B1%90%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%A1" title="德奧多羅·達·豐塞卡">德奥多罗·达·丰塞卡</a>建立的第一共和国。国家的名称变为巴西合众国（Republic of the United States of Brazil）。 </p><p>在1889年至1930年间，尽管巴西是一个正式的宪法民主国家，由1891年颁布的第一共和国宪法仍然将妇女和文盲排除在具有投票权之外。 </p><p>由於農場地主和共和政府不滿於王室廢除奴隸的宣言，竟將王室驅逐出境。新政府打著「秩序和進步」的口號，並以總統制為基礎來加強巴西的近代化，除了生產全世界四分之三產量的咖啡之外，在經濟上也締造佳績。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="民粹主義與發展（1930年-1964年）"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E7.B2.B9.E4.B8.BB.E7.BE.A9.E8.88.87.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95.EF.BC.881930.E5.B9.B4-1964.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>民粹主義與發展（1930年-1964年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：民粹主義與發展（1930年-1964年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg/220px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg/330px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg/440px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%9B%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="热图利奥·瓦加斯">热图利奥·瓦加斯</a>（中央未带军帽的军官）于1930年夺取政权</figcaption></figure> <p>在1930年代的世界經濟大恐慌下，「咖啡經濟」受到沉痛的打擊，隨之而來的政變、獨裁統治和君主立憲等體制使得政治陷入一片混亂之中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="軍事獨裁（1964年-1985年）"><span id=".E8.BB.8D.E4.BA.8B.E7.8D.A8.E8.A3.81.EF.BC.881964.E5.B9.B4-1985.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>軍事獨裁（1964年-1985年）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：軍事獨裁（1964年-1985年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>進入20世纪60年代後，政治混亂經濟危機仍接踵而至，早對政府心存怨恨的軍隊<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%AD%E7%AB%BF%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="揭竿起義（页面不存在）">揭竿起義</a>，發動政變並掌握政權。軍事政權在更改憲法和查禁政黨的同時，也限制<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="言論自由">言論自由</a>，並且行使不法的選舉。在軍事政權的嚴格控管下，巴西經濟雖然持續成長，但造成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E9%87%91%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="資金外流（页面不存在）">資金外流</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E5%AF%8C%E6%87%B8%E6%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="貧富懸殊">貧富差距</a>日漸加大等問題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="民主主義（1985年起）"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E4.B8.BB.E4.B8.BB.E7.BE.A9.EF.BC.881985.E5.B9.B4.E8.B5.B7.EF.BC.89"></span>民主主義（1985年起）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：民主主義（1985年起）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg/220px-Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg/330px-Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg/440px-Inauguration_of_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva_in_2003.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%90" title="费尔南多·恩里克·卡多佐">费尔南多·恩里克·卡多佐</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦</a>移交权力标志着巴西取得长期的政治稳定。</figcaption></figure> <p>1980年代之後，國民逐漸認知權利的重要性而要求政府民主化。社會發起訴求民主化的運動，並主張直選總統，1988年新憲法確定後，隔年便直選出<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西總統">巴西總統</a>。長期的軍事政權時代遺留下來的問題仍有待解決，巴西政府努力朝向自由、民主的目標邁進。 </p><p>2002年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="勞工黨 (巴西)">勞工黨</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦</a>当选巴西总统。在2010年选举中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="迪爾瑪·羅塞夫">迪爾瑪·羅塞夫</a>当选巴西总统，成为巴西首个女总统。2013和2014年，巴西爆发全国范围的抗议行动。这主要针对公共交通资费问题和政府在<a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="2014年世界盃足球賽">2014年世界盃足球賽</a>的花费。最终罗塞夫在2016年8月被巴西参议院投票弹劾，成为巴西自1992年以来第二位被弹劾下台的总统。 </p><p>2016年8月，巴西举办<a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="2016年夏季奧林匹克運動會">里约热内卢夏季奥运会</a>。 </p><p>2018年1月，有“巴西特朗普”之称的右翼人士<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%B4%A2%E7%BA%B3%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="雅伊尔·博索纳罗">雅伊尔·博索纳罗</a><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2018年巴西大選">当选</a>总统。 </p><p>2022月10日，前总统<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦</a>在<a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2022年巴西大选">大选第二轮投票</a>中击败博索纳罗，当选巴西新一任总统。对选举结果表示不满的博索纳罗支持者于次年1月8日<a href="/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E9%81%AD%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="2023年巴西国民议会遭冲击事件">冲击</a>位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="巴西利亚">巴西利亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%8A%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4" title="三權廣場">三权广场</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="巴西最高法院">最高法院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="巴西國民議會">国会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%89%98%E5%AE%AE" title="普拉納托宮">普拉納托宮</a>，向当局表达不满。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LevineCrocitti1999-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LevineCrocitti1999_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robert M. Levine; John J. Crocitti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R28K2JA9PM8C&pg=PA11">The Brazil Reader: History, Culture, Politics</a>. Duke University Press. 1999: 11– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8223-2290-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8223-2290-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8223-2290-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201102628/https://books.google.com/books?id=R28K2JA9PM8C&pg=PA11">存档</a>于2021-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&rft.au=John+J.+Crocitti&rft.au=Robert+M.+Levine&rft.btitle=The+Brazil+Reader%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Politics&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2290-0&rft.pages=11-&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR28K2JA9PM8C%26pg%3DPA11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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