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class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-选举历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#选举历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>选举历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-选举历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-内阁代表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内阁代表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>内阁代表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-内阁代表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-意识形态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#意识形态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>意识形态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-意识形态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-选举历史_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#选举历史_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>选举历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-选举历史_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关选举历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-选举历史_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-总统选举" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#总统选举"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>总统选举</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-总统选举-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-众议院和参议院选举" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#众议院和参议院选举"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>众议院和参议院选举</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-众议院和参议院选举-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-选民基础" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#选民基础"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>选民基础</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-选民基础-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-争议" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#争议"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>争议</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-争议-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关争议子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-争议-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2003-2007_内部危机和分裂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003-2007_内部危机和分裂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>2003-2007 内部危机和分裂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003-2007_内部危机和分裂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BANCOOP丑闻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BANCOOP丑闻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>BANCOOP丑闻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BANCOOP丑闻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006年选举丑闻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006年选举丑闻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>2006年选举丑闻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006年选举丑闻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mensalão丑闻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mensalão丑闻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Mensalão丑闻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mensalão丑闻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lava_Jato丑闻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lava_Jato丑闻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Lava Jato丑闻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lava_Jato丑闻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-组织" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#组织"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>组织</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-组织-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关组织子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-组织-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-派别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#派别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>派别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-派别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-整合「建设新巴西」的派别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#整合「建设新巴西」的派别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>整合「建设新巴西」的派别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-整合「建设新巴西」的派别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-被归类为党的左翼的派别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#被归类为党的左翼的派别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>被归类为党的左翼的派别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-被归类为党的左翼的派别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-前派别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前派别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>前派别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前派别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-进一步阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#进一步阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>进一步阅读</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-进一步阅读-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关进一步阅读子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-进一步阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>英语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-葡萄牙语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#葡萄牙语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>葡萄牙语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-葡萄牙语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-带注释的参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#带注释的参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>带注释的参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-带注释的参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">勞工黨 (巴西)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。42种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="حزب العمال البرازيلي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب العمال البرازيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="حزب العمال البرازيلى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب العمال البرازيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F%C3%A7il%C9%99r_Partiyas%C4%B1_(Braziliya)" title="İşçilər Partiyası (Braziliya) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İşçilər Partiyası (Braziliya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Партыя працоўных (Бразілія) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Партыя працоўных (Бразілія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Партыя працоўных (Бразылія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партыя працоўных (Бразылія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Партия на работниците (Бразилия) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Партия на работниците (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_al_Labourerien_(Brazil)" title="Strollad al Labourerien (Brazil) – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad al Labourerien (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_dels_Treballadors_(Brasil)" title="Partit dels Treballadors (Brasil) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit dels Treballadors (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Κόμμα Εργαζομένων (Βραζιλία) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Εργαζομένων (Βραζιλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Workers' Party (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_de_la_Laboristoj_(Brazilo)" title="Partio de la Laboristoj (Brazilo) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partio de la Laboristoj (Brazilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_los_Trabajadores_(Brasil)" title="Partido de los Trabajadores (Brasil) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido de los Trabajadores (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langileen_Alderdia_(Brasil)" title="Langileen Alderdia (Brasil) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Langileen Alderdia (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="حزب کارگر برزیل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب کارگر برزیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty%C3%B6v%C3%A4enpuolue_(Brasilia)" title="Työväenpuolue (Brasilia) – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Työväenpuolue (Brasilia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_des_travailleurs_(Br%C3%A9sil)" title="Parti des travailleurs (Brésil) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti des travailleurs (Brésil)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Traballadores_(Brasil)" title="Partido dos Traballadores (Brasil) – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Partido dos Traballadores (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C)" title="מפלגת הפועלים (ברזיל) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת הפועלים (ברזיל)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk%C3%A1sp%C3%A1rt_(Braz%C3%ADlia)" title="Munkáspárt (Brazília) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Munkáspárt (Brazília)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Pekerja_(Brasil)" title="Partai Pekerja (Brasil) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Pekerja (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_dei_Lavoratori_(Brasile)" title="Partito dei Lavoratori (Brasile) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito dei Lavoratori (Brasile)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%B4%E5%83%8D%E8%80%85%E5%85%9A_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB)" title="労働者党 (ブラジル) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="労働者党 (ブラジル)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბრაზილიის მუშათა პარტია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაზილიის მუშათა პარტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%EB%8B%B9_(%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88)" title="노동자당 (브라질) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노동자당 (브라질)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_operariorum_(Brasilia)" title="Factio operariorum (Brasilia) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio operariorum (Brasilia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C4%81dnieku_partija_(Braz%C4%ABlija)" title="Strādnieku partija (Brazīlija) – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Strādnieku partija (Brazīlija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Pracuj%C4%85cych" title="Partia Pracujących – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Pracujących" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Партия трудящихся (Бразилия) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Партия трудящихся (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radni%C4%8Dka_partija_(Brazil)" title="Radnička partija (Brazil) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Radnička partija (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Workers' Party (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotn%C3%ADcka_strana_(Braz%C3%ADlia)" title="Robotnícka strana (Brazília) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robotnícka strana (Brazília)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB)" title="Радничка партија (Бразил) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Радничка партија (Бразил)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F%C3%A7i_Partisi_(Brezilya)" title="İşçi Partisi (Brezilya) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşçi Partisi (Brezilya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Робітнича партія (Бразилія) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Робітнича партія (Бразилія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_C%C3%B4ng_nh%C3%A2n_(Brasil)" title="Đảng Công nhân (Brasil) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Công nhân (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q657089#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&oldid=84749825" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q657089" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-top:0; padding-bottom:0;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #CC0000; border-bottom:2px solid #CC0000; line-height: 1.1;"><span class="fn org">劳工党</span><br /><small class="nickname" style="font-size: 0.9em;">Partido dos Trabalhadores</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PT_(Brazil)_logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg/157px-PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="157" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg/235px-PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg/314px-PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="956" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">劳工党标志</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">简称</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;;">PT</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">主席</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格莱西·霍夫曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gleisi_Hoffmann"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格莱西·霍夫曼（页面不存在）">格莱西·霍夫曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleisi_Hoffmann" class="extiw" title="en:Gleisi Hoffmann"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gleisi_Hoffmann</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">成立</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">1980年2月10日<span class="noprint">，45年前</span><span style="display:none">（<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1980-02-10</span>）</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">总部</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E5%B7%9E" title="圣保罗州">圣保罗州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" class="mw-redirect" title="圣保罗 (巴西)">圣保罗</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦区 (巴西)">联邦区</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="巴西利亚">巴西利亚</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">党员<br /><span style="font-size:smaller; white-space:nowrap;">（2021）</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">1,572,800<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="意識形態">意識形態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="社会民主主义">社会民主主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-Samuels_2004_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuels_2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="进步主义">进步主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-liberal_Lula_2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberal_Lula_2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民粹主義">民粹主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="卢拉主义">卢拉主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-Singer2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singer2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>派系：</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="民主社会主义">民主社会主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/21%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="21世纪社会主义">21世纪社会主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教左翼">基督教左翼</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="解放神学">解放神学</a><sup id="cite_ref-knoll_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoll-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flynn_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flynn-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-faith_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faith-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" title="政治光譜">政治立場</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E5%81%8F%E5%B7%A6" title="中間偏左">中間偏左</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>派系：</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="左翼">左翼</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="政党联盟">国内组织</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B" title="巴西希望">巴西希望</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際政黨組織">国际组织</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E6%AD%A5%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="进步联盟">进步联盟</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">官方色彩</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#CC0000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2" title="红色">红色</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2" title="白色">白色</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="高等选举法院">高等选举法院</a>識別號碼</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="巴西行政区划">州长</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">4 / 27</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:15%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">市长<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">182 / 5,570</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:3%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="联邦参议院 (巴西)">参议院</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">9 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:11%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="众议院 (巴西)">众议院</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">68 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:13%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="南方共同市场议会">南方共同市场议会</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">5 / 38</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:13%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">州议会<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">83 / 1,024</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:8%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.4em; white-space: nowrap;;">市议会<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">2,665 / 56,810</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:5%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height:0.9em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0;;">党旗</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_(2022).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png/180px-Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png/270px-Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png/360px-Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height:0.9em; padding-top:0.5em; padding-bottom:0;;">官方网站</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pt.org.br">pt<wbr />.org<wbr />.br</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 2px solid #CC0000"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="巴西政治">巴西政治</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="巴西政党列表">政党</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="巴西選舉">选举</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>劳工党</b>（葡萄牙語：<span lang="pt">Partido dos Trabalhadores</span>，缩写为PT）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>的一个政党。随着劳工党在1990年代从泛<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社会主义</a>思想开始转变，一些学者将其在21世纪的意识形态归类为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="社会民主主义">社会民主主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-doi.org_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi.org-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该党成立于1980年<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2003年1月1日至2016年8月31日劳工党与其他几个政党组成<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="联合政府">联合政府</a>执政巴西联邦。2002年议会选举后，劳工党以历史上最高的支持率首次成为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="众议院 (巴西)">众议院</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="联邦参议院 (巴西)">参议院</a>第一大党<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="巴西总统">总统</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">卢拉</a>是劳工党最有名的成员<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他的继任者<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="迪爾瑪·羅塞夫">迪尔玛·罗塞夫</a>也是劳工党的成员，于2011年1月1日上任，成为巴西首位女性总统，2016年被右翼政敌弹劾。 </p><p>劳工党和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会民主党">巴西社会民主党</a>都出于反对<a href="/wiki/1964%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="1964年巴西政變">1964年巴西政变</a>和随后的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西军政府">军事独裁统治</a>的反对派，1994年至2014年间，两党是当代巴西政治的最大对手，他们的候选人总是竞逐一二名。在过去六次总统选举的投票中。双方一般禁止任何形式的联盟或官方合作。 </p><p>尽管劳工党的支持者人数相对较多，但自从卢拉首次上台以来，该党卷入腐败丑闻，2010年至2016年间，该党的民意支持直线下降，总统支持率从80%以上降至9%<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在卢拉被废止有罪判决后，2022年总统大选民调支持率第一轮上升至48％，第二轮上升至58％，排名第一。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>劳工党的旗帜是中央有一颗白星的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%97" title="红旗">红旗</a>、Logo是中央刻有PT首字母的五角<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="红星">红星</a>。工人党还有党歌 <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。劳工党的TSE（高等选举法院）识别号是13。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1980年2月10日，工人党由反对巴西军政府的激进分子、工会会员、左翼知识分子和艺术家以及与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="解放神学">解放神学</a>有关的天主教徒<sup id="cite_ref-Sam_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sam-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="聖保羅 (巴西)">圣保罗的</a>Colégio Sion（一所私立天主教女子学校）发起<sup id="cite_ref-Ter_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ter-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该党是两股势力联合的结果：一是<a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC地区（页面不存在）">ABC地区</a>的工人运动，例如Conferência das Classes Trabalhadoras (Conclat)，后来发展为Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT)，在1978年到1980年进行了大罢工；二是旧的巴西左翼，其中许多是受到军政府监禁和酷刑<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或多年流亡<sup id="cite_ref-Ter_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ter-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的记者、知识分子、艺术家和工会组织者，他们趁着1979年的大赦法从流亡中归来。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="迪爾瑪·羅塞夫">迪尔玛·罗塞夫</a>本人就曾被军政府囚禁和折磨<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>劳工党是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="民主社会主义">民主社会主义</a>潮流下发起的<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/1964%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="1964年巴西政變">1964年政变后</a>，巴西的主要工会联盟，即工人总司令部 (Comando Geral dos Trabalhadores – CGT)（其中聚集了劳工部批准的领导人，这是因为<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%9B%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="热图利奥·瓦加斯">瓦加斯</a>的独裁统治把工会变成了准国家机关）被解散，而各工会又遭到军政府的干预。70年代末在ABC地区以<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">卢拉</a>带领的罢工代表了有组织的工人运动的复苏，使工人运动不受到国家干涉而重新组织起来。这个运动最初只寻求传统的工会诉求，但因为保守的工会作风在国家统治下的存在（在CGT的重建中得到证明）以及传统左翼政党（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A_(1992%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西的共产党 (1992年)">巴西共产党</a>）对工会运动的影响，迫使ABC的工会运动在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" title="反斯大林主义左翼">反斯大林主义</a>的领导者的鼓励下，以类似<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90%E5%B7%A5%E8%81%AF" title="團結工聯">团结工联</a>运动的策略组织自己的政党。 </p><p>因此，劳工党出现了拒绝官方工会主义的传统领导者，并寻求实践一种新的民主社会主义形式，试图拒绝它认为正在腐朽的政治模式，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81" title="中国共产党的意识形态">中国</a>的政治模式。这代表了工会主义和反斯大林主义<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="知识分子">知识分子</a>的融合。 </p><p>1982年2月11日，巴西最高选举法院正式承认劳工党成立<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。第一张党证属于艺术评论家和前<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="托洛茨基主义">托洛茨基主义</a>活动家Mário Pedrosa，然后是文学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E8%BF%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安东尼奥·坎迪（页面不存在）">安东尼奥·坎迪</a>和历史学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞尔吉奥·布阿尔克·德·霍兰达（页面不存在）">塞尔吉奥·布厄克·代·霍兰达</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。霍兰达的女儿<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安娜·德霍兰达（页面不存在）">安娜·德霍兰达</a>后来成为罗塞夫内阁的文化部长。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="选举历史"><span id=".E9.80.89.E4.B8.BE.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>选举历史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：选举历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_PT_e_PSDB.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_PT_e_PSDB.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="347" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption> 1994 年至 2014年对抗<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会民主党">社民党</a>的总统选举</figcaption></figure> <p>1988年以来，劳工党在全国范围取得了很高的支持，赢得巴西的许多大城市（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="聖保羅 (巴西)">圣保罗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%A1%94%E8%8E%B1%E8%90%A8" title="福塔莱萨">福塔雷萨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%B4%9B%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%97%8F%E7%89%B9" title="贝洛奥里藏特">贝洛奥里藏特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%B8%AF" title="阿雷格里港">阿雷格里港</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="戈亚尼亚">戈亚尼亚</a>）以及一些大州（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="南里奥格兰德州">南里奥格兰德州</a>、圣埃斯皮里图和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%8D%80_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="聯邦區 (巴西)">联邦区</a>）的选举。 2002 年，卢拉打败了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会民主党">社会民主党</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%90" title="费尔南多·恩里克·卡多佐">卡多佐</a>成为总统，这是它的选举胜利的高点。因为社民党捍卫<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="經濟自由主義">经济自由主义</a>，所以社民党是劳工党的主要选举竞争对手，其他还有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主党 (巴西)">民主党</a>（军政府执政党<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%9D%A9%E6%96%B0%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="國家革新聯盟">国家革新联盟</a>的后继党派）。他们与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83_(%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A)" title="公民权 (政党)">人民社会党</a>（巴西共产党的异议人士）一起组成了反对卢拉政府的中右翼反对派。 </p><p><b>1989年总统选举</b>   1989年大选中，卢拉与<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%9B" title="费尔南多·科洛尔·德梅洛">费尔南多·科洛尔·德梅洛</a>一起进入第二轮。尽管第一轮的所有中间派和左翼候选人都团结在卢拉周围，但科勒的竞选活动得到了媒体的大力支持（特别纪录片《超越公民凯恩》中出现的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="环球电视网 (巴西)">Rede Globo</a>），卢拉在第二轮中以得票5.7%惨败<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><b>1994年和1998年大选</b> </p><p>1994年大选之前，卢拉在大多数民调中领先。结果，中右翼政党公开联合起来推举<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%90" title="费尔南多·恩里克·卡多佐">卡多佐</a>。作为经济部长，卡多佐制定了<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="真实计划">真实计划</a>，发行<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94" title="巴西雷亚尔">新货币</a>，结束了通货膨胀并稳定了经济。结果，卡多索在第一轮选举中以54%的选票获胜。然而，有人指出，“选举对 PT 来说并不是一场彻底的灾难，这大大增加了它在国会的存在感，并首次选出了两名州长”<sup id="cite_ref-1994_elections_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1994_elections-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。卡多佐在1998年重新当选。 </p><p><b>2002年大选</b> </p><p>在社民党形象受损后，由于卡多佐政府最后几年爆发的经济危机，卢拉在2002年第二轮总统选举中以超过5200万张选票获胜，成为人类历史上得票最多的总统，超越<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%B9" title="罗纳德·里根">里根</a>。 </p><p><b>2006年大选</b> </p><p>2006年10月29日，劳工党赢得<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="众议院 (巴西)">众议院</a>83个席位和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="联邦参议院 (巴西)">联邦参议院</a>11个席位。卢拉以超过60%的选票重新当选，任期至2011年1月1日<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><b>2010年大选</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PT-black-cat-toucan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PT-black-cat-toucan.png/220px-PT-black-cat-toucan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PT-black-cat-toucan.png/330px-PT-black-cat-toucan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PT-black-cat-toucan.png/440px-PT-black-cat-toucan.png 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="1623" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E7%A6%8F" title="卡洛斯·拉特福">卡洛斯·拉图夫</a>笔下的劳工党是一只追咬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%98%B4%E9%B3%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="大嘴鳥">大嘴鸟</a>（社民党的吉祥物）的黑猫</figcaption></figure> <p>2010年10月3日举行的大选中，劳工党获得了17.15%的众议院席位（88个席位），这是该党自2002年以来的最高记录，有史以来第一次成为下议院最大的政党。劳工党11名参议员当选，首次成为联邦参议院的第二大党，2010-2014年间它在立法机构共有14名参议员。其<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" title="和人民力量">全国执政联盟</a>获得了下议院311个席位和上议院 50个席位，这是卢拉政府从未拥有过的两院多数席位。这次选举中，右翼反对派集团控制的席位更进一步减少，从133名代表减少到111名。由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a>组成的左翼反对派保留了三个席位的控制权。 </p><p>劳工党预计其总统候选人<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="迪爾瑪·羅塞夫">迪尔玛·罗塞夫</a>在第一轮获胜。然而她未能获得必要数量的有效选票（超过 50%），所以2010年10月31日举行了第二轮，第二轮她获得了56% 的选票。2011年1月1日就职，成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="巴西歷史">巴西历史</a>上第一位女性<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a>，也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%EF%BC%8D%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%8D%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%BB%B4%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙－巴西－阿尔加维联合王国">葡萄牙－巴西－阿尔加维联合王国</a>女王<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99)" title="玛丽亚一世 (葡萄牙)">玛丽亚一世</a>于1816年去世以来第一位<b>事实上</b>的女性<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="國家元首">国家元首</a>。 </p><p>2010年选举中，除了重新获得对南里奥格兰德州和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="联邦区">联邦区</a>的控制权之外，劳工党还保留了对<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="巴伊亞州">巴伊亚州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%8C%E5%9F%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="塞尔希培州">塞尔希佩州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="阿克里州">阿克里州</a>州长。尽管如此，它失去了对<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%9E" title="帕拉州">帕拉州</a>。该党支持的候选人赢得了<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%95%E5%B7%9E" title="阿馬帕州">阿马帕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%9E" title="塞阿拉州">塞阿拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%9B%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="圣埃斯皮里图州">圣埃斯皮里图</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%98%82%E5%B7%9E" title="马拉尼昂州">马拉尼昂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%98%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="马托格罗索州">马托格罗索</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%83%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="伯南布哥州">伯南布哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%A5%A7%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="皮奧伊州">皮奥伊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%86%B1%E5%85%A7%E7%9B%A7%E5%B7%9E" title="里約熱內盧州">里约热内卢</a>的竞选，这意味着劳工党有27个州州长中的13个。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="内阁代表"><span id=".E5.86.85.E9.98.81.E4.BB.A3.E8.A1.A8"></span>内阁代表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：内阁代表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劳工党在执政的大部分时间里，内阁中享有强大的代表权。劳工党在前两个联盟中推举了大部分内阁职位，在第一个联盟中占据了60%的部长职位，在第二个联盟中<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 54.8% ，第三个联盟中占据了46.5%<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="意识形态"><span id=".E6.84.8F.E8.AF.86.E5.BD.A2.E6.80.81"></span>意识形态</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：意识形态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尽管劳工党刻意从不将自己与某个特定的左派思潮联系在一起，但它“自我认同为社会主义者”并支持许多激进的立场 <sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。例如，在1988年巴西制宪会议上，它主张<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%80%BA" title="外债">免除</a>巴西的外债，将国家银行和矿产财富国有化，并进行激进的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="土地改革">土地改革</a><sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，作为抗议和表明该党没有完全接受“游戏规则”的信号，劳工党的代表拒绝在宪法草案上签名<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在接下来的几年里，该党有所缓和，但即使在卢拉在1989年总统选举中失败后，它也从未明显摆脱激进主义，也没有对党内原则进行重大改革<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。例如，1993年党的第八次全国会议的决议重申党的“革命性和社会主义性质”，谴责精英颠覆民主的“阴谋”，声明该党主张“激进的土地改革和暂停外债”。并得出结论“资本主义和私有财产不能为人类提供未来”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1994年，卢拉再次竞选总统，在竞选期间驳回了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%90" title="费尔南多·恩里克·卡多佐">卡多佐</a>的“真实计划”，称它为“选举骗局”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1994年全国会议的决议谴责“统治阶级对生产资料的控制”，并重申了党的“对社会主义的承诺”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。劳工党的《执政纲领》还承诺该党“反垄断、反庄园、反帝国主义的变革[...]作为构建资本主义替代方案的长期战略的一部分”，这份声明“让国际金融界瑟瑟发抖”。因此，自1990年代初至1995年间，PT 的官方意识形态“几乎没有改变”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1994年卢拉败选后，劳工党开始了缓慢的自省过程<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1995年第十届全国会议通过的决议指出，“我们1994年的失败引发了对我们在社会中的形象、我们内部斗争的外部影响以及我们的意识形态和政治模糊性的残酷反思”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。冷战结束后，自省的转变并不像其他社会主义政党那样与过去彻底决裂<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这个过程是渐进的，充满矛盾，充满党内紧张气氛<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到1997年，全国会议决议将劳工党版本的社会主义重新定义为“民主革命”，强调社会主义的政治而非经济愿景，旨在使国家“更加透明和对社会负责”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1998年卢拉的第三次竞选纲领消减了社会主义提案，甚至删除了向社会主义社会过渡的目标，但党的自我认同仍然很模糊，因为当年党的会议决议确认卢拉的纲领“不应与党的社会主义纲领混淆”<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此，虽然劳工党在1998年开始与最初的社会主义言论和提议保持距离，但直到那年卢拉再次败选，卢拉和他的团队更充分地消化了巴西不断变化的政治环境的影响和卡多佐的经济改革，一个明显的改变才发生<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_21-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="选举历史_2"><span id=".E9.80.89.E4.B8.BE.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2_2"></span>选举历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：选举历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="总统选举"><span id=".E6.80.BB.E7.BB.9F.E9.80.89.E4.B8.BE"></span>总统选举</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：总统选举"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">选举 </th> <th rowspan="2">候选人 </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>副总统</b> </th> <th rowspan="2">联盟 </th> <th colspan="2">第一轮 </th> <th colspan="2">第二轮 </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>结果</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>得票</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th> <th><b>得票</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">卢拉</a> (劳工党) </td> <td>José Paulo Bisol (<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">社会党</a>) </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">社会党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a> </td> <td>11,622,673 </td> <td>16.1% (#2) </td> <td>31,076,364 </td> <td>47.0% (#2) </td> <td><b>败选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>Aloízio Mercadante (劳工党) </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">社会党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83_(%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A)" title="公民权 (政党)">公民权</a>; PV; <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="统一工人社会党 (巴西)">统一工人社会党</a> </td> <td>17,122,127 </td> <td>27.0% (#2) </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td><b>败选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>Leonel Brizola (<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主工党 (巴西)">民主工党</a>) </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主工党 (巴西)">民主工党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">社会党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A_(1992%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西的共产党 (1992年)">共产党</a> </td> <td>21,475,211 </td> <td>31.7% (#2) </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td><b>败选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%80%AB%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE" title="若澤·阿倫卡爾">若泽·阿伦卡尔</a> (自由党) </td> <td>劳工党; 自由党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>; 民主运动; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A_(1992%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西的共产党 (1992年)">共产党</a> </td> <td>39,455,233 </td> <td>46.4% (#1) </td> <td>52,793,364 </td> <td>61.3% (#1) </td> <td><b>当选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%80%AB%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE" title="若澤·阿倫卡爾">若泽·阿伦卡尔</a> (共和党) </td> <td>劳工党; PRB; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a> </td> <td>46,662,365 </td> <td>48.6% (#1) </td> <td>58,295,042 </td> <td>60.8% (#1) </td> <td><b>当选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%9B%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="迪尔玛·罗塞夫">迪尔玛·罗塞夫</a> (劳工党) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE" title="米歇爾·特梅爾">米歇尔·特梅尔</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="巴西民主運動">民主运动</a>) </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="巴西民主運動">巴西民主运动</a>; PR; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">社会党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主工党 (巴西)">民主工党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>; PSC; PRB; <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8" title="基督教工黨">基督教工党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E8%83%BD_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="我們能 (巴西)">我们能</a> </td> <td>47,651,434 </td> <td>46.9% (#1) </td> <td>55,752,529 </td> <td>56.1% (#1) </td> <td><b>当选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2014年巴西大选">2014</a> </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="巴西民主運動">民主运动</a>; 社民党; PP; PR; <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主工党 (巴西)">民主工党</a>; 共和党; <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a> </td> <td>43,267,668 </td> <td>41.6% (#1) </td> <td>54,501,118 </td> <td>51.6 % (#1) </td> <td><b>当选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2018年巴西大選">2018</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%94" title="費爾南多·阿達">费尔南多·阿达</a> (劳工党) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89" title="曼努埃拉·达阿维拉">曼努埃拉·达阿维拉</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>) </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a> </td> <td>31,341,997 </td> <td>29.3% (#2) </td> <td>47,040,380 </td> <td>44.8% (#2) </td> <td><b>败选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2022年巴西大选">2022</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="卢拉">卢拉</a> (劳工党) </td> <td>傑拉爾多·阿爾克明 (<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">社会党</a>) </td> <td>劳工党; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共</a>; 绿党; <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持续网络（页面不存在）">可持续网络</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">巴西社会党</a>; 团结党; 前进党; 行动党 </td> <td>57,259,405 </td> <td>48.4% (#1) </td> <td>60,345,999 </td> <td>50.9% (#1) </td> <td><b>当选</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"><small>来源：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionresources.org/br/president.php?election=1994&state=BR">Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170423065149/http://electionresources.org/br/president.php?election=1994&state=BR">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="众议院和参议院选举"><span id=".E4.BC.97.E8.AE.AE.E9.99.A2.E5.92.8C.E5.8F.82.E8.AE.AE.E9.99.A2.E9.80.89.E4.B8.BE"></span>众议院和参议院选举</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：众议院和参议院选举"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">选举 </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="众议院 (巴西)">众议院</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="联邦参议院 (巴西)">联邦参议院</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>政府地位</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>投票</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th> <th><b>席位</b> </th> <th>+/– </th> <th><b>投票</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th> <th><b>席位</b> </th> <th>+/– </th></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td align="center">1,458,719 </td> <td align="center">3.5% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">8 / 479</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:2%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 8 </td> <td align="center">1,538,786 </td> <td align="center">3.6% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">0 / 25</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:0%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:#0AF; font-size:larger"> ━ </span> </td> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td align="center">3,253,999 </td> <td align="center">6.9% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">16 / 487</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:3%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 8 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">0 / 49</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:0%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:#0AF; font-size:larger"> ━ </span> </td> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td align="center">4,128,052 </td> <td align="center">10.2% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">35 / 502</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:7%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 19 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">1 / 31</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:3%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 1 </td> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td align="center">5,959,854 </td> <td align="center">13.1% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">49 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:10%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 14 </td> <td align="center">13,198,319 </td> <td align="center">13.8% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">4 / 54</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:7%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 3 </td> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td align="center">8,786,528 </td> <td align="center">13.2% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">58 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:11%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 9 </td> <td align="center">11,392,662 </td> <td align="center">18.4% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">7 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:9%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 3 </td> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td align="center">16,094,080 </td> <td align="center">18.4% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">91 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:18%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 33 </td> <td align="center">32,739,665 </td> <td align="center">21.3% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">14 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:17%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 7 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert">执政联盟 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td align="center">13,989,859 </td> <td align="center">15.0% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">83 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:16%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▼</span> 8 </td> <td align="center">16,222,159 </td> <td align="center">19.2% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">10 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:12%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▼</span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert">执政联盟 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td align="center">16,289,199 </td> <td align="center">16.9% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">88 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:17%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 5 </td> <td align="center">39,410,141 </td> <td align="center">23.1% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">15 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:19%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert">执政联盟 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2014年巴西大选">2014</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">13,554,166 </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">14.0% </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">68 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:13%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▼</span> 20 </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">15,155,818 </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center">17.0% </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">12 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:15%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▼</span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert">执政联盟 (2014-2016) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 (2016-2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2018年巴西大選">2018</a> </td> <td align="center">10,126,611 </td> <td align="center">10.3% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">56 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:11%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▼</span> 12 </td> <td align="center">24,785,670 </td> <td align="center">14.5% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">6 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:7%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▼</span> 6 </td> <td class="table-no skin-invert" style="text-align:center; background:#FF9090">在野 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2022年巴西大选">2022</a> </td> <td align="center">13,236,698 </td> <td align="center">12.1% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">69 / 513</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:13%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 13 </td> <td align="center">12,024,696 </td> <td align="center">12.1% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:100px"><span class="nowrap">9 / 81</span><div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid #aaa; height:1em; position:relative;"><div style="background: #CC0000 !important; width:11%; height: 1em;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2 skin-invert">执政联盟 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><small>1<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> 该年选举可选的席位。</small><br /><br /><small>2<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> 总席位：空缺与不空缺的席次</small><br /><br /><small>来源：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Brazil/brazil.html">Georgetown University</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160729160647/http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Brazil/brazil.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=1998&state=BR">Election Resources</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170423065254/http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=1998&state=BR">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515095756/http://jaironicolau.iesp.uerj.br/banco2004.html">Rio de Janeiro State University</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="选民基础"><span id=".E9.80.89.E6.B0.91.E5.9F.BA.E7.A1.80"></span>选民基础</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：选民基础"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从2006年以来，劳工党在总统选举中的大部分选票来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西北部">巴西的北部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西东北部">东北部</a>。尽管如此，该党在1998年至2014年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%86%B1%E5%85%A7%E7%9B%A7%E5%B7%9E" title="里約熱內盧州">里约热内卢州</a>和2002年和2014年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="米纳斯吉拉斯州">米纳斯吉拉斯州</a>（按选民人数计算，这是三个最大的州中的两个，合计占选民总数的18.5%）赢得每一次的总统选举。该党还在最南端的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="南里奥格兰德州">南里奥格兰德州</a>拥有据点，从1989 年第二轮选举到2002年大选连续获胜。劳工党最初是一个城市党派，与ABC地区的工会有联系，但最近在小城镇的支持率大幅增加。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg/350px-Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg/525px-Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg/700px-Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption> 2018年大选中的劳工党支持者。前面的横幅上写着“<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">卢拉</a>被不公正地逮捕”。</figcaption></figure> <p>大多数反对劳工党的人来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E5%B7%9E" title="圣保罗州">圣保罗州</a>，劳工党只在2002年在该州赢过一次选举（包括两轮）。历史上，圣保罗州反对劳工党的人群在内陆地区比在州府更多，因为劳工党在1988年、2000 年和2012年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="聖保羅 (巴西)">圣保罗市</a>市长选举中取胜，并且是他的腹地大圣保罗的一支主要势力。尽管如此，近年来，劳工党在圣保罗市也失去了支持，在2016年市政选举中没有赢得任何选区。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%94" title="費爾南多·阿達">费尔南多·阿达</a>输给获胜者João Doria 36%的得票率。劳工党只选赢该地区的偏远的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%BA%93-%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%99" title="弗朗库-达罗沙">佛朗库·达罗沙市</a>。劳工党在中南部的其他州也遭到强烈的反对，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%86%B1%E5%85%A7%E7%9B%A7%E5%B7%9E" title="里約熱內盧州">里约热内卢州</a>，虽然在新的共和选举实施后直到<a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2018年巴西大選">2018年</a>为止的总统选举中，除了1994年之外都投给劳工党。但是该党在里约热内卢州的联邦、州和市级都很难选上。该党从未在该<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A2" title="里约热内卢">州首府</a>选赢过市长或州长（里约热内卢州历史上唯一的劳工党州长Benedita da Silva是因为2002年Anthony Garotinho辞职，之后在同年的补选中惨败给Garotinho的妻子Rosângela Matheus），并且经常在全国选举中被体量低得多的左翼政党打败。劳工党在里约热内卢州的胜利更多是因为该州人民强烈反对社民党（尽管社民党在国家范围内力量强大，但却更加软弱和被人民拒绝），而不是因为支持劳工党纲领。在2018年总统选举中，劳工党以相似的百分比输掉了里约热内卢州和圣保罗州，只在圣保罗的政党的有效票中少了0.02%。虽然米纳斯吉拉斯州是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西东南部">东南部的</a>一个州，但许多地区，尤其北部，与东北部有密切的经济、文化和社会联系。<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B2%B3" title="聖弗朗西斯科河">圣弗朗西斯科河</a>是东北的象征，发源于<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89" title="皮拉波拉">皮拉波拉</a>的米纳斯小城。过去劳工党在中南地区一直没有选赢州长，除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="南里奥格兰德州">南里奥格兰德州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5)" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦区 (墨西哥)">联邦区</a>，直到2014年Fernando Damata Pimentel选赢<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="米纳斯吉拉斯州">米纳斯吉拉斯州</a>州长。 </p><p>劳工党在巴西北部和亚马逊地区有强大的票仓；从1990年到2018年，该党在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E" title="阿克里州">阿克里州</a>每任州长中都选赢。但是，该党阿克里州支部比其他成员更加独立和温和，劳工党仅在2002年和2006年两次赢得该州的总统选举。劳工党还在2018年阿克里州长选举上输给了右翼进步党。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%B3%B4%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="羅賴馬州">罗赖马州</a>，前总统卢拉给予了原住民领土<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97Raposa_Serra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南Raposa Serra（页面不存在）">南Raposa Serra</a>大力支持，尽管非原住民反对，这影响了该州选情；拥有大量福音派教徒和南部/东南部移民人口的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="朗多尼亚州">朗多尼亚</a>也对劳工党保留态度。2018年的选举劳工党在输掉阵地；只选赢<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%9E" title="帕拉州">帕拉州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%9D%8E%E5%BB%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="托坎廷斯州">托坎廷斯州</a>，这些是该地区少数与东北部接壤的州，大部分文化比亚马逊其他地区更靠近西北地区。2018年在巴西最大的州亚马逊州，劳工党1998年以来首次失利；劳工党输掉该州首府<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%91%99%E6%96%AF" title="马瑙斯">马瑙斯</a>（集中了该州一半以上人口的自由经济区）；而在亚马逊州人烟稀少的内陆地区，劳工党以较大优势获胜，但仍然不足以保证第五次在总统选举中拿下该州。 </p><p>然而，劳工党维持并扩大了在2002年卢拉第一次竞选中拿下的东北据点。自2002年以来，两轮总统选举中唯一没有投给劳工党的州是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="阿拉戈斯州">阿拉戈斯州</a>。劳工党及盟友即使危机时期（例如在上次市长选举中）也能在北部和东北部地区取得巨大收益。劳工党最忠实的盟友<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="巴西共产党">巴西共产党</a>和前盟友<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="巴西社会党">巴西社会党</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主工党 (巴西)">民主工党</a>在卢拉-罗塞夫时代与劳工党一起在该地区取得了巨大优势。巴西共产党现在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%98%82%E5%B7%9E" title="马拉尼昂州">马拉尼昂州</a>最大的政党，推举了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%8C%E5%9F%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="塞尔希培州">塞尔希佩州</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E8%8C%B9" title="阿拉卡茹">阿拉卡茹市</a>；社会党是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%83%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="伯南布哥州">伯南布哥州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%9E" title="帕拉伊巴州">帕拉伊巴州</a>最大的政党；民主工党能够在东北部的三个首都取得胜利。尽管输掉了西北部的所有首都，但劳工党拥有西北部三个州的州长职位，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%A5%A7%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="皮奧伊州">皮奥伊州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="巴伊亞州">巴伊亚州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%9E" title="塞阿拉州">塞阿拉州</a>。2006年拿下巴伊亚州州长席位，具有象征意义。该州过去是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主党 (巴西)">自由阵线党</a>，现在则是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主党 (巴西)">民主党</a>（劳工党在全国层面上最大的意识形态对手）的据点。民主工党是最强大的政党，并带领了1994年以来自由阵线/民主党参与的所有总统竞选联盟。民主工党的起源与劳工党类似，都是左翼反对独裁统治的运动，并且政党之间有着密切的渊源。后来民主工党与劳工党决裂并与自由阵线结盟，这是一个具有强烈财政保守观点的右翼政党，与1993年的巴西军政府和安东尼奥·卡洛斯·马加良斯的故乡有关，后者是自由阵线最大的领导，也是劳工党的劲敌。巴伊亚州现在是劳工党最可靠的主要据点，被认为是该党的治理模式的主要模范。尽管如此，该州首府<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="萨尔瓦多 (巴西)">萨尔瓦多市</a>市长仍然是ACM Neto， <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="民主党 (巴西)">民主党</a>的主要成员，也是马加良斯的孙子。 </p><p>该党经常被指责利用巴西的南北分歧在东北部获得选票。该党否认这些说法，并指责反对派在南部和东南部也这样做。 </p><p>根据IBOPE于2010年10月31日进行的一项民调，在第二轮投票中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="迪爾瑪·羅塞夫">迪尔玛·罗塞夫</a>在最贫穷的巴西人中获得压倒性多数支持<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在月收入低于或等于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E5%B7%A5%E8%B3%87" title="最低工資">最低工资的</a>人群中，她的领先优势为 26%<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。罗塞夫还在天主教徒 (58%)、黑人 (65%) 和混血族群(60%)中获得多数<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在白人和新教徒中，她与何塞·塞拉打平，在这两个人口群体中，她的领先优势仅为4%<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。尽管她是一个主要政党的第一位女性候选人，但她在男性中的选票比在女性中广泛<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="争议"><span id=".E4.BA.89.E8.AE.AE"></span>争议</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：争议"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003-2007_内部危机和分裂"><span id="2003-2007_.E5.86.85.E9.83.A8.E5.8D.B1.E6.9C.BA.E5.92.8C.E5.88.86.E8.A3.82"></span>2003-2007 内部危机和分裂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：2003-2007 内部危机和分裂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在卢拉上台以后，劳工党政治上的转向（从左翼社会主义到中偏左的社民主义）受到很多群众欢迎，但拒绝接受党的新立场的成员的当中发生了一系列内部斗争。这些斗争激起了公众辩论，其中最严重的情况在2003年12月达到高潮，当时四名持不同政见的立法者因投票反对社会保险改革而被开除党籍<sup id="cite_ref-Dissent_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissent-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这些成员包括众议员João Batista Oliveira de Araujo（又名Babá）和参议员Heloísa Helena，他们在2004年6月组建了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义与自由党</a>。Heloísa Helena并于2006年竞选总统，成为当时巴西历史上得票最多的女性。 </p><p>在另一项举措中，该党激进派的112名成员于2005年1月30日在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%B8%AF" title="阿雷格里港">阿雷格里港</a>举行的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87" title="世界社會論壇">世界社会论坛</a>上宣布放弃劳工党党籍，还发表了一份《破裂<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="宣言">宣言</a>》，指出劳工党“不再是社会转型的工具，而只是维持现状的工具”，并提及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際貨幣基金組織">国际货币基金组织</a>和其他经济和社会问题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BANCOOP丑闻"><span id="BANCOOP.E4.B8.91.E9.97.BB"></span>BANCOOP丑闻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：BANCOOP丑闻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>这一丑闻被称为BANCOOP案，其中包括João Vaccari Neto和其他四名住房合作社董事。该合作社获得了政府合同，并有数百万的实际收入。该合作社被发现非法灌水了20%的服务合同，其中许多合同没有履行。合作社最终倒闭，亏损超过1亿雷亚尔，需要清算资产以尽量减少成员的损失。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006年选举丑闻"><span id="2006.E5.B9.B4.E9.80.89.E4.B8.BE.E4.B8.91.E9.97.BB"></span>2006年选举丑闻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：2006年选举丑闻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>这一丑闻于2006年9月左右，即大选前两周爆发。Berzoini据称使用劳工党的预算（部分由国家通过政党津贴资助）从一名公开的欺诈者那里购买了一份用于攻击政治对手的档案后。最后Berzoini离开了卢拉的竞选团队。 2007年4月25日，最高选举法庭一致认定卢拉对这一丑闻不负任何责任<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mensalão丑闻"><span id="Mensal.C3.A3o.E4.B8.91.E9.97.BB"></span>Mensalão丑闻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：Mensalão丑闻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2005年7月，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A" title="巴西工党">巴西工党</a>的代表Roberto Jefferson发起一系列腐败指控<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。资金和贿赂换票的严重证据将劳工党拖入了其历史上最严重的危机。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="何塞·杰诺伊诺（页面不存在）">José Genoíno</a>辞去该党主席职务，由前阿雷格里港市长<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%86%85%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔索·杰内罗（页面不存在）">Tarso Genro</a>接替。少数党员因危机而叛逃。他们中的大多数人去了社会主义和自由党。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lava_Jato丑闻"><span id="Lava_Jato.E4.B8.91.E9.97.BB"></span>Lava Jato丑闻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：Lava Jato丑闻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>对腐败和洗钱等一系列犯罪的调查导致劳工党的财务主管João Vaccari Neto及其嫂子被捕。José Genoino、José Dirceu、Delcídio do Amaral、André Vargas 和 Delúbio Soares 也在此过程中被捕。最后前总统卢拉于2018年4月被捕<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="组织"><span id=".E7.BB.84.E7.BB.87"></span>组织</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：组织"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>该党自成立以来由以下人员领导： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B8%AD%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6" title="路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦">路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦</a>（1980年2月10日－1994年1月24日）</li> <li>瑞·法尔考(1994)</li> <li>何塞·迪尔塞乌(1995–2002)</li> <li>何塞·杰诺伊诺(2002–2005)</li> <li>Tarso Genro (2005) (临时)</li> <li>里卡多·贝尔佐尼(2005–2006)</li> <li>Marco Aurélio Garcia （2006年10月6日～2007年1月2日）（临时）</li> <li>里卡多·贝尔佐尼（Ricardo Berzoini）（2007年1月2日～2010年2月19日）</li> <li>何塞·爱德华多·杜特拉（2010年2月19日～2011年4月29日）</li> <li>Rui Falcão （2011年4月29日～2017年6月3日）</li> <li>Gleisi Hoffmann （2017年6月3日～）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="派别"><span id=".E6.B4.BE.E5.88.AB"></span>派别</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：派别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劳工党内大约有30个<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="政治派別">派别</a>，包括Articulação（卢拉所属的中左翼团体）到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义者</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教社會主義">基督教社会主义者</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="整合「建设新巴西」的派别"><span id=".E6.95.B4.E5.90.88.E3.80.8C.E5.BB.BA.E8.AE.BE.E6.96.B0.E5.B7.B4.E8.A5.BF.E3.80.8D.E7.9A.84.E6.B4.BE.E5.88.AB"></span>整合「建设新巴西」的派别</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：整合「建设新巴西」的派别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>被认为是党的右翼，即从中间到中间偏左。 </p> <ul><li>Articulação-团结奋斗</li> <li>PT运动</li> <li>激进民主</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="被归类为党的左翼的派别"><span id=".E8.A2.AB.E5.BD.92.E7.B1.BB.E4.B8.BA.E5.85.9A.E7.9A.84.E5.B7.A6.E7.BF.BC.E7.9A.84.E6.B4.BE.E5.88.AB"></span>被归类为党的左翼的派别</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：被归类为党的左翼的派别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Trabalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Trabalho（页面不存在）">The Work</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Trabalho" class="extiw" title="pt:O Trabalho">葡萄牙语</a>）</span></li> <li>左翼发声</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义民主 (巴西)">社会主义民主</a></li> <li>社会主义巴西</li> <li>民主左翼</li> <li>人民社会主义左翼</li> <li>社会主义抵抗</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="前派别"><span id=".E5.89.8D.E6.B4.BE.E5.88.AB"></span>前派别</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：前派别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>工人事业：1990年脱离该党成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E5%85%9A" title="工人事业党">工人事业党</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会主义融合 (巴西)（页面不存在）">Socialist Convergence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="extiw" title="pt:社会主义融合">葡萄牙语</a>）</span>–1993年作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="统一工人社会党 (巴西)">统一工人社会党</a>的一部分脱离</li> <li>工人社会主义潮流：2004年脱离，组建<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a></li> <li>社会主义左翼运动：2004 年脱离，组建<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a></li> <li>大众社会主义行动：2005年脱离并加入<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="社会主义和自由党 (巴西)">社会主义和自由党</a></li> <li>工人革命党：托洛茨基主义派别，1990年脱离为工人革命党</li> <li>马克思主义左翼：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="托洛茨基主义">托派</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%80%BE%E5%90%91" class="mw-redirect" title="国际马克思主义倾向">国际马克思主义倾向</a>的巴西支部。马克思主义左派发表声明说，“对于革命者来说，在PT内部没有更多的社会主义思想建设空间”<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados">Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-10-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509233212/http://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados">存档</a>于2019-05-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=Estat%C3%ADsticas+do+eleitorado+%E2%80%93+Eleitores+filiados&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tse.jus.br%2Feleitor%2Festatisticas-de-eleitorado%2Ffiliados&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samuels_2004-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Samuels_2004_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Samuels, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856">From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and the Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil</a>. Comparative Political Studies. 2004, <b>37</b> (9): 999–1024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4140"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0010-4140</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10001704"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 10001704</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0010414004268856"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1177/0010414004268856</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=From+Socialism+to+Social+Democracy%3A+Party+Organization+and+the+Transformation+of+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0010-4140&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Political+Studies&rft.pages=999-1024&rft.volume=37&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10001704&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F0010414004268856&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0010414004268856&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238536276">Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America?</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2021]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=Is+Social+Democracy+Possible+in+Latin+America%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F238536276&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liberal_Lula_2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liberal_Lula_2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.futurity.org/tropical-forests-brazil-soybean-farming-2823882-2/">Guidelines for soy don't protect tropical forests in Brazil</a>. Futurity. 2 November 2022 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2023]</span>. <q>Voters chose between the conservative Jair Bolsonaro and the liberal Lula da Silva.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+soy+don%27t+protect+tropical+forests+in+Brazil&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.futurity.org%2Ftropical-forests-brazil-soybean-farming-2823882-2%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liisa L. North, Timothy D. Clark (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WNsxDwAAQBAJ&dq=Brazil+%22progressive+Workers%27+Party%22&pg=PA212">Dominant Elites in Latin America: From Neo-Liberalism to the 'Pink Tide'<span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. 2017: 212. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783319532554" title="Special:网络书源/9783319532554"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783319532554</a>. <q>In Brazil, as Simone Bohn makes straightforward (Chap. 3), the progressive Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) governments did not threaten the power of the national elite or landlord class; ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.au=Liisa+L.+North%2C+Timothy+D.+Clark&rft.btitle=Dominant+Elites+in+Latin+America%3A+From+Neo-Liberalism+to+the+%27Pink+Tide%27&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783319532554&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWNsxDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBrazil%2B%2522progressive%2BWorkers%2527%2BParty%2522%26pg%3DPA212&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc12069802.htm">Proposta do PT é "populista' e "estúpida", diz Dornbusch [PT's proposal is "populist" and "stupid", says Dornbusch]</a>. <a href="/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Folha de S.Paulo">Folha de S.Paulo</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到巴西葡萄牙语网页">（巴西葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Proposta+do+PT+%C3%A9+%22populista%27+e+%22est%C3%BApida%22%2C+diz+Dornbusch&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folha+de+S.Paulo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffsp%2Fbrasil%2Ffc12069802.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cattan, Nacha; Biller, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-31/these-elections-could-reshape-latin-america#xj4y7vzkg">These Elections Could Reshape Latin America</a>. Bloomberg. 2017-10-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-01</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.au=Biller%2C+David&rft.aufirst=Nacha&rft.aulast=Cattan&rft.btitle=These+Elections+Could+Reshape+Latin+America&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-10-31%2Fthese-elections-could-reshape-latin-america%23xj4y7vzkg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singer2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singer2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Singer, André. Raízes sociais e ideológicas do lulismo [Social and ideological roots of Lulism]. Novos Estudos - CEBRAP. 2009, (85): 83–102. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0101-33002009000300004"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1590/S0101-33002009000300004</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到巴西葡萄牙语网页">（巴西葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Ra%C3%ADzes+sociais+e+ideol%C3%B3gicas+do+lulismo&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=85&rft.jtitle=Novos+Estudos+-+CEBRAP&rft.pages=83-102&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0101-33002009000300004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Busky, Donald F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3joQKjDtn4wC&q=democratic+socialist+brazilian+workers+party&pg=PA193">Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey</a>. Greenwood Publishing. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780275968861" title="Special:网络书源/9780275968861"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780275968861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft.aulast=Busky&rft.btitle=Democratic+Socialism%3A+A+Global+Survey&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780275968861&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3joQKjDtn4wC%26q%3Ddemocratic%2Bsocialist%2Bbrazilian%2Bworkers%2Bparty%26pg%3DPA193&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Uribe, Gustavo; Herédia, Thais. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/apesar-de-resistencia-do-pt-lula-quer-participacao-de-meirelles-em-eventual-governo/">Apesar de resistência do PT, Lula quer participação de Meirelles em eventual governo, dizem aliados [Despite PT's resistance, Lula wants [[Henrique Meirelles|Meirelles]] to participate in an eventual government, say allies]</a>. CNN Brazil. 21 September 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到巴西葡萄牙语网页">（巴西葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Apesar+de+resist%C3%AAncia+do+PT%2C+Lula+quer+participa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+Meirelles+em+eventual+governo%2C+dizem+aliados&rft.au=Her%C3%A9dia%2C+Thais&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rft.aulast=Uribe&rft.date=2016-09-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Brazil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnbrasil.com.br%2Fpolitica%2Fapesar-de-resistencia-do-pt-lula-quer-participacao-de-meirelles-em-eventual-governo%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">网址－维基内链冲突 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#wikilink_in_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>Amaral, Oswaldo E. do. <i>A estrela não é mais vermelha: as mudanças do programa petista nos anos 1990</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo, Garçoni, 2003.</li> <li>Gadotti, M.; Pereira, O. <i>Pra que PT:</i> Origem, Projeto e Consolidação do Partido dos Trabalhadores (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo, Cortez, 1989.</li> <li>Keck, Margareth E. <i>PT: a lógica da diferença: o Partido dos Trabalhadores na construção da democracia brasileira</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo, Ática, 1991.</li> <li>Singer, André. <i>Raizes sociais e ideológicas do lulismo</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Revista Novos Estudos CEBRAP, n. 85, nov. 2009.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">van Dyck, Brandon Philip. The Paradox of Adversity: New Left Party Survival and Collapse in Latin America. 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Os católicos oPTaram?: os "setores católicos" e o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) na grande São Paulo (1978-1982). 2010: 60 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到葡萄牙语网页">（葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Adriano+Henriques&rft.aulast=Machado&rft.btitle=Os+cat%C3%B3licos+oPTaram%3F%3A+os+%22setores+cat%C3%B3licos%22+e+o+Partido+dos+Trabalhadores+%28PT%29+na+grande+S%C3%A3o+Paulo+%281978-1982%29&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=60&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Amy Erica. Religion and Brazilian Democracy: Mobilizing the People of God. Cambridge University Press. 2019: 8. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-108-48211-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-108-48211-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-108-48211-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108699655"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1017/9781108699655</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Amy+Erica&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Brazilian+Democracy%3A+Mobilizing+the+People+of+God&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48211-0&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108699655&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knoll-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knoll_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Knoll, Travis. 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NACLA Report on the Americas. 2019, <b>51</b> (3): 229–230. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2471-2620"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2471-2620</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10714839.2019.1650483"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/10714839.2019.1650483</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Seeking+Liberation+in+Brazil&rft.aufirst=Travis&rft.aulast=Knoll&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2471-2620&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=NACLA+Report+on+the+Americas&rft.pages=229-230&rft.volume=51&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10714839.2019.1650483&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flynn-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flynn_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Flynn, Peter. Brazil and Lula, 2005: crisis, corruption and change in political perspective. Third World Quarterly (Routledge). 2005, <b>26</b> (8): 1221– 1267. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1360-2241"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1360-2241</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436590500400025"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/01436590500400025</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Brazil+and+Lula%2C+2005%3A+crisis%2C+corruption+and+change+in+political+perspective&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1360-2241&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Third+World+Quarterly&rft.pages=1221-+1267&rft.volume=26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01436590500400025&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faith-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faith_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heidi Moksnes; Mia Melin. 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Uppsala: Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development. 2013: 125. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-91-980391-4-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-91-980391-4-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-91-980391-4-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1403-1264"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1403-1264</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.au=Heidi+Moksnes&rft.au=Mia+Melin&rft.btitle=Faith+in+Civil+Society%3A+Religious+Actors+as+Drivers+of+Change&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-91-980391-4-6&rft.issn=1403-1264&rft.pages=125&rft.place=Uppsala&rft.pub=Uppsala+Centre+for+Sustainable+Development&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claire Rigby (14 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2016/11/how-lula-s-party-fell-grace-toppling-brazilian-left">"How Lula's party fell from grace: the toppling of the Brazilian left"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170806020158/http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2016/11/how-lula-s-party-fell-grace-toppling-brazilian-left">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. <i>New Statesman</i>. Retrieved 20 July 2017.<br />Daniel Gallas (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-35922425">"Dilma Rousseff and Brazil face up to decisive month"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190510044430/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-35922425">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. BBC News. Retrieved 20 July 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2018/11/01/the-demise-of-brazils-great-centrist-party">The demise of Brazil’s great centrist party</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190512200715/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2018/11/01/the-demise-of-brazils-great-centrist-party">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. <i>The Economist</i>. Published 1 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-far-right-president-campaign-funding-irregularities-investigation-a8633596.html">Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right president-elect accused of campaign funding irregularities</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220810182836/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-far-right-president-campaign-funding-irregularities-investigation-a8633596.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. <i>The Independent</i>. Author - Shehab Khan. Published 14 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://progressive-alliance.info/2016/09/22/participants-of-the-denpasar-seminar-20-21-september-2016/">Participants of the Denpasar Seminar, 19 – 20 September 2016 - Progressive Alliance</a>. 2016-09-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825180119/http://progressive-alliance.info/2016/09/22/participants-of-the-denpasar-seminar-20-21-september-2016/">存档</a>于2018-08-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=Participants+of+the+Denpasar+Seminar%2C+19+%E2%80%93+20+September+2016+-+Progressive+Alliance&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprogressive-alliance.info%2F2016%2F09%2F22%2Fparticipants-of-the-denpasar-seminar-20-21-september-2016%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dilm-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-0"><sup><b>21.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-1"><sup><b>21.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-2"><sup><b>21.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-3"><sup><b>21.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-4"><sup><b>21.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-5"><sup><b>21.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-6"><sup><b>21.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-7"><sup><b>21.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-8"><sup><b>21.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-9"><sup><b>21.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-10"><sup><b>21.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-11"><sup><b>21.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-12"><sup><b>21.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-13"><sup><b>21.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-14"><sup><b>21.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-15"><sup><b>21.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-16"><sup><b>21.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_21-17"><sup><b>21.17</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dilmanarede.com.br/ondavermelha/blogs-amigos/convocacao-dia-nacional-de-mobilizacao-dilma-presidente-27-de-outubro">Convocação: Dia Nacional de Mobilização Dilma Presidente 27 DE OUTUBRO</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706152118/http://dilmanarede.com.br/ondavermelha/blogs-amigos/convocacao-dia-nacional-de-mobilizacao-dilma-presidente-27-de-outubro">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-07-06., Secretaria de cultura do PT-DF, 22 October 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/especiais/eleicoes-2010/noticia/2010/10/pt-elege-149-deputados-estaduais-e-lidera-participacao-nas-assembleias.html">PT elege 149 deputados estaduais e lidera participação nas Assembleias</a>. 2010-10-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122224329/http://g1.globo.com/especiais/eleicoes-2010/noticia/2010/10/pt-elege-149-deputados-estaduais-e-lidera-participacao-nas-assembleias.html">存档</a>于2016-11-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=PT+elege+149+deputados+estaduais+e+lidera+participa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+nas+Assembleias&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fespeciais%2Feleicoes-2010%2Fnoticia%2F2010%2F10%2Fpt-elege-149-deputados-estaduais-e-lidera-participacao-nas-assembleias.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doi.org-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-doi.org_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuels, D. (2004). From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and the Transformation of the Workers’ Party in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies, 37(9), 999–1024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856">https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200602072118/https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Van Dyck, Brandon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ldr.lafayette.edu/concern/publications/nc580n09f">Why party organization still matters: The Workers' Party in Northeastern Brazil</a>. ldr.lafayette.edu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-12-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326132550/https://ldr.lafayette.edu/concern/publications/nc580n09f">存档</a>于2022-03-26） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>. <q>Given Brazil’s large size and increasing significance on the global stage, the PT is not just the most important new party in Latin America, but one of the most important new parties in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Why+party+organization+still+matters%3A+The+Workers%27+Party+in+Northeastern+Brazil&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft.aulast=Van+Dyck&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ldr.lafayette.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fldr.lafayette.edu%2Fconcern%2Fpublications%2Fnc580n09f&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PanelDetails/815">Explaining Change in the Brazilian Workers' Party (PT)</a>. ecpr.eu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-12-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326132553/https://ecpr.eu/Events/Event/PanelDetails/815">存档</a>于2022-03-26）. <q>Brazil’s Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party, or PT), long considered the most influential left-wing party among Latin American democracies</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Explaining+Change+in+the+Brazilian+Workers%27+Party+%28PT%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecpr.eu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecpr.eu%2FEvents%2FEvent%2FPanelDetails%2F815&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/politica/5986364/pt-elege-maior-bancada-na-camara-e-a-segunda-do-senado">"PT elege maior bancada na Câmara e a segunda do Senado"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110721023250/http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/politica/5986364/pt-elege-maior-bancada-na-camara-e-a-segunda-do-senado">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabello, Maria Luiza. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://veja.abril.com.br/revista-veja/as-cinco-piores-taxas-de-popularidade-dos-presidentes-do-brasil/">"As cinco piores taxas de popularidade dos presidentes do Brasil"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200126190404/https://veja.abril.com.br/revista-veja/as-cinco-piores-taxas-de-popularidade-dos-presidentes-do-brasil/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/pesquisa-eleitoral/noticia/2022/05/26/datafolha-lula-ganha-de-bolsonaro-no-2o-turno.ghtml">Datafolha: Lula volta a ampliar vantagem sobre Bolsonaro no segundo turno</a>. G1. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-05-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526212832/https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/pesquisa-eleitoral/noticia/2022/05/26/datafolha-lula-ganha-de-bolsonaro-no-2o-turno.ghtml">存档</a>于2022-05-26） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到巴西葡萄牙语网页">（巴西葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Datafolha%3A+Lula+volta+a+ampliar+vantagem+sobre+Bolsonaro+no+segundo+turno&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fpolitica%2Feleicoes%2F2022%2Fpesquisa-eleitoral%2Fnoticia%2F2022%2F05%2F26%2Fdatafolha-lula-ganha-de-bolsonaro-no-2o-turno.ghtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">LuizPuodzius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6V3BIwA7rO8">Hino do PT - Workers' Party of Brazil</a>. 2011-09-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920203233/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6V3BIwA7rO8">存档</a>于2016-09-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.au=LuizPuodzius&rft.btitle=Hino+do+PT+-+Workers%27+Party+of+Brazil&rft.date=2011-09-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6V3BIwA7rO8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sam-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sam_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuels, David. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ter-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ter_32-0"><sup><b>32.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ter_32-1"><sup><b>32.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ag%C3%AAncia_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agência Brasil（页面不存在）">Agência Brasil</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.terra.com.br/eleicoes2006/interna/0,,OI1051899-EI6651,00.html">"Saiba mais sobre a história do PT"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160304052846/http://noticias.terra.com.br/eleicoes2006/interna/0,,OI1051899-EI6651,00.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Terra. 24 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/opiniao/colunistas/para-que-nao-se-esqueca-para-que-nunca-mais-aconteca/">Para que não se esqueça, para que nunca mais aconteça</a>. 2014-04-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085046/http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/opiniao/colunistas/para-que-nao-se-esqueca-para-que-nunca-mais-aconteca/">存档</a>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=Para+que+n%C3%A3o+se+esque%C3%A7a%2C+para+que+nunca+mais+aconte%C3%A7a&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcongressoemfoco.uol.com.br%2Fopiniao%2Fcolunistas%2Fpara-que-nao-se-esqueca-para-que-nunca-mais-aconteca%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/world/americas/president-rousseffs-decades-old-torture-detailed.html">Leader's Torture in the '70s Stirs Ghosts in Brazil</a>. The New York Times. 2012-08-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508155919/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/world/americas/president-rousseffs-decades-old-torture-detailed.html">存档</a>于2020-05-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Leader%27s+Torture+in+the+%2770s+Stirs+Ghosts+in+Brazil&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fpresident-rousseffs-decades-old-torture-detailed.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fpa.org.br/manifesto-aprovado-na-reuniao-do-sion">"Manifesto aprovado na reunião do Sion"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110825144758/http://www2.fpa.org.br/manifesto-aprovado-na-reuniao-do-sion">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. 24 April 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tse.gov.br/internet/partidos/index.htm">Political parties registered under the Supreme Electoral Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129060458/http://www.tse.gov.br/internet/partidos/index.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-11-29.. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> OGASSAWARA, Juliana Sayuri. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/brazil/101.htm">Brazil – The Presidential Election of 1989</a>. Countrystudies.us. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-11-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207130720/http://countrystudies.us/brazil/101.htm">存档</a>于2010-12-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=Brazil+%E2%80%93+The+Presidential+Election+of+1989&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Countrystudies.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbrazil%2F101.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com.br/scholar?hl=pt-BR&safe=off&q=author:%22Boas%22+intitle:%22Television+and+Neopopulism+in+Latin+America%22+&um=1&ie=UTF-8&oi=scholarr">author:"Boas" intitle:"Television and Neopopulism in Latin America" – Google Acadêmico</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-11-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017110843/http://scholar.google.com.br/scholar?hl=pt-BR&safe=off&q=author%3A%22Boas%22+intitle%3A%22Television+and+Neopopulism+in+Latin+America%22+&um=1&ie=UTF-8&oi=scholarr">存档</a>于2015-10-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=author%3A%22Boas%22+intitle%3A%22Television+and+Neopopulism+in+Latin+America%22+%E2%80%93+Google+Acad%C3%AAmico&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com.br%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Dpt-BR%26safe%3Doff%26q%3Dauthor%3A%2522Boas%2522%2Bintitle%3A%2522Television%2Band%2BNeopopulism%2Bin%2BLatin%2BAmerica%2522%2B%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oi%3Dscholarr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1994_elections-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1994_elections_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Branford, Sue; Bernardo Kucinski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brazilcarnivalof0000bran">Brazil: Carnival of the Oppressed</a>. London: Latin America Bureau. 1995: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brazilcarnivalof0000bran/page/120">120</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-906156-99-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-906156-99-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-906156-99-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.au=Bernardo+Kucinski&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.aulast=Branford&rft.btitle=Brazil%3A+Carnival+of+the+Oppressed&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-906156-99-5&rft.pages=120&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Latin+America+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrazilcarnivalof0000bran&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6095820.stm">"Brazil re-elects President Lula"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090112054214/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6095820.stm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 30 October 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2010/11/10-brazil-politics-pereira/1110_brazil_politics_pereira.pdf">http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2010/11/10-brazil-politics-pereira/1110_brazil_politics_pereira.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Horowitz, Irving Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rB0gE4DzsSsC&q=united%20kingdom%20unemployment%20benefits%20increases%201970&pg=PA164">Policy Studies Review Annual</a>. Transaction Publishers. 1981-07-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780803913158" title="Special:网络书源/9780803913158"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780803913158</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220330071817/https://books.google.com/books?id=rB0gE4DzsSsC&q=united%20kingdom%20unemployment%20benefits%20increases%201970&pg=PA164">存档</a>于2022-03-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Irving+Louis&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.btitle=Policy+Studies+Review+Annual&rft.date=1981-07-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780803913158&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrB0gE4DzsSsC%26q%3Dunited%2520kingdom%2520unemployment%2520benefits%2520increases%25201970%26pg%3DPA164&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hunter, Wendy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tquM3XUW5ccC&q=brazil%20cabinet%202004&pg=PA164">The Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil, 1989–2009</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2010-09-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781139492669" title="Special:网络书源/9781139492669"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781139492669</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331013113/https://books.google.com/books?id=tquM3XUW5ccC&q=brazil%20cabinet%202004&pg=PA164">存档</a>于2022-03-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil%2C+1989%E2%80%932009&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781139492669&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtquM3XUW5ccC%26q%3Dbrazil%2520cabinet%25202004%26pg%3DPA164&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OESP-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_45-0"><sup><b>45.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_45-1"><sup><b>45.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_45-2"><sup><b>45.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_45-3"><sup><b>45.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_45-4"><sup><b>45.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,entre-mais-pobres-dilma-teve-26-pontos-de-folga,636229">Entre mais pobres, Dilma teve 26 pontos de folga</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220410111837/http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,entre-mais-pobres-dilma-teve-26-pontos-de-folga,636229">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dissent-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dissent_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/la/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_NPDPPGN">Lula's purge: The Workers' Party sheds its dissenters</a>. The Economist. 2003-10-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Lula%27s+purge%3A+The+Workers%27+Party+sheds+its+dissenters&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fworld%2Fla%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3DE1_NPDPPGN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Duffy, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6593545.stm">Lula cleared of electoral scandal</a>. BBC News. 2007-04-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-11-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326133606/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6593545.stm">存档</a>于2022-03-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Lula+cleared+of+electoral+scandal&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F6593545.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095527/http://www.radiobras.gov.br/materia_i_2004.php?materia=234343&editoria=">Portal da Cidadania</a>. 2007-09-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-01-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiobras.gov.br/materia_i_2004.php?materia=234343&editoria=">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.btitle=Portal+da+Cidadania&rft.date=2007-09-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiobras.gov.br%2Fmateria_i_2004.php%3Fmateria%3D234343%26editoria%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/15/brazil-treasurer-petrobras-arrested">Brazil Workers' Party treasurer arrested in Petrobras corruption investigation</a>. The Guardian. Associated Press. 2015-04-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412175929/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/15/brazil-treasurer-petrobras-arrested">存档</a>于2022-04-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Brazil+Workers%27+Party+treasurer+arrested+in+Petrobras+corruption+investigation&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fapr%2F15%2Fbrazil-treasurer-petrobras-arrested&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marxist.com/esquerda-marxista-decides-to-leave-pt.htm">Esquerda Marxista (Marxist Left) decides to leave PT</a>. In Defense of Marxism. 2015-05-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-06-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326133325/http://www.marxist.com/esquerda-marxista-decides-to-leave-pt.htm">存档</a>于2022-03-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.atitle=Esquerda+Marxista+%28Marxist+Left%29+decides+to+leave+PT&rft.date=2015-05-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Defense+of+Marxism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxist.com%2Fesquerda-marxista-decides-to-leave-pt.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="进一步阅读"><span id=".E8.BF.9B.E4.B8.80.E6.AD.A5.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>进一步阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：进一步阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英语"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD"></span>英语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：英语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.). Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. Zed Books. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Gianpaolo+%28ed.%29&rft.aulast=Baiocchi&rft.btitle=Radicals+in+Power%3A+The+Workers%27+Party+and+Experiments+in+Urban+Democracy+in+Brazil&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Branford, Sue; Kucinski, Bernardo. Lula and the Workers' Party in Brazil. New Press. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.au=Kucinski%2C+Bernardo&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.aulast=Branford&rft.btitle=Lula+and+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=New+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bruera, Hernán F. Gómez. Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil. Routledge. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Hern%C3%A1n+F.+G%C3%B3mez&rft.aulast=Bruera&rft.btitle=Lula%2C+the+Workers%27+Party+and+the+Governability+Dilemma+in+Brazil&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hunter, Wendy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transformationof0000hunt_d4z6">The Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil, 1989–2009</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-51455-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-51455-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-51455-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil%2C+1989%E2%80%932009&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51455-2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransformationof0000hunt_d4z6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Keck, Margaret E. The Workers' Party and Democratization in Brazil. Yale University Press. 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8+%28%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%29&rft.aufirst=Margaret+E.&rft.aulast=Keck&rft.btitle=The+Workers%27+Party+and+Democratization+in+Brazil&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="葡萄牙语"><span id=".E8.91.A1.E8.90.84.E7.89.99.E8.AF.AD"></span>葡萄牙语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：葡萄牙语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Couto, A. J. Paula. <i>O PT em pílulas</i>.</li> <li>Dacanal, José Hildebrando. <i>A nova classe no poder</i>.</li> <li>Demier, Felipe. <i>As Transformações do PT e os Rumos da Esquerda no Brasil</i>.</li> <li>Godoy, Dagoberto Lima. <i>Neocomunismo no Brasil</i>.</li> <li>Harnecker, Martha (1994). <i>O sonho era possível</i>. São Paulo: Casa das Américas.</li> <li>Hohlfeldt, Antônio. <i>O fascínio da estrela</i>.</li> <li>Moura, Paulo. <i>PT – Comunismo ou Social-Democracia?</i>.</li> <li>Paula Couto, Adolpho João de. <i>A face oculta da estrela</i>.</li> <li>Pedrosa, Mário (1980). <i>Sobre o PT</i>. São Paulo: CHED Editorial.</li> <li>Pluggina, Percival. <i>Crônicas contra o totalitarismo</i>.</li> <li>Tavares, José Antônio Giusti with Fernando Schüller, Ronaldo Moreira Brum and Valério Rohden. <i>Totalitarismo tardio – o caso do PT</i>.</li> <li>Singer, André. <i>O PT – Folha Explica</i>.</li> <li>Singer, André. <i>Os Sentidos do Lulismo</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="带注释的参考书目"><span id=".E5.B8.A6.E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>带注释的参考书目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：带注释的参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739869P5">Carlos Henrique Metidieri Menegozzo</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151017110843/http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739869P5">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/8715129121601284">Dainis Karepovs</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/9984832119154642">Aline Fernanda Maciel</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/4925098455180178">Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/7904921324819047">Rodrigo Cesar</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222235722/http://novo.fpabramo.org.br/sites/default/files/pt_bibliografia_1ed-3.pdf">"Partido dos Trabalhadores: bibliografia comentada (1978–2002)"</a> (PDF). São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo. 413 p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tse.gov.br/">Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Brazilian Electoral Superior Court)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101105064924/http://www.tse.gov.br/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color: var(--color-subtle,#54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;">（葡萄牙語）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pt.org.br/">Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party) official webpage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080511221006/http://www.pt.org.br/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A_(1993%E5%B9%B4)" title="巴西的共产党 (1993年)">巴西的共产党</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8A%B3%E5%B7%A5%E9%9D%A9%E6%96%B0%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西劳工革新党（页面不存在）">巴西劳工革新党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="基督教民主">基督教民主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8" title="基督教工黨">基督教工黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E5%85%9A" title="工人事业党">工人事业党</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%A6%87%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西妇女党（页面不存在）">巴西妇女党</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8A%A8%E5%91%98%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家动员党（页面不存在）">国家动员党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%A2%E7%BB%93_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="人民团结 (巴西)">人民团结</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="统一工人社会党 (巴西)">统一工人社会党</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未注册政党</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="为了巴西联盟（页面不存在）">为了巴西联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%9A_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文主义党 (巴西)（页面不存在）">人文主义党</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由意志主义者 (巴西)（页面不存在）">自由意志主义者</a></li> 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