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transport sector</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: road transport sector"> <meta name="keywords" content="road transport sector"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="road transport sector"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5805</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: road transport sector</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5805</span> Analysis on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Potential by Deploying the Green Cars in Korean Road Transport Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjun%20Hong">Sungjun Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanghon%20Chung"> Yanghon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyunbae%20Park"> Nyunbae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangyong%20Park"> Sangyong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Korea, as the 7th largest greenhouse gas emitting country in 2011, announced that the national reduction target of greenhouse gas emissions was 30% based on BAU (Business As Usual) by 2020. And the reduction rate of the transport sector is 34.3% which is the highest figure among all sectors. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental effect on deploying the green cars in Korean road transport sector. In order to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions, the LEAP model is applied in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20car" title="green car">green car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEAP%20model" title=" LEAP model"> LEAP model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector" title=" road transport sector"> road transport sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570/analysis-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions-potential-by-deploying-the-green-cars-in-korean-road-transport-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5804</span> Scenario-Based Analysis of Electric Vehicle Penetration in Road Transportation in Laos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouneua%20Khamphilavanh">Bouneua Khamphilavanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Masui"> Toshihiko Masui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The penetration of EV (electric vehicle) technology in Lao road transportation, in this study, was analyzed by using the AIM/CGE [Laos] model. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was developed by the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) team. In line with the increase of the number of road vehicles, the energy demand in the transport sector has been gradually increased which resulted in a large amount of budget spent for importing fossil fuels during the last decade, and a high carbon dioxide emission from the transport sector, hence the aim of this research is to analyze the impact of EVs penetration on economic and CO₂ emission in short-term, middle-term, and long-term. By the year 2050, the expected gross domestic product (GDP) value, due to Laos will spend more budget for importing the EV, will be gradually lost up to one percent. The cumulative CO₂ emission from 2020 to 2050 in BAU case will be 12,000 GgCO₂eq, and those in the EV mitigation case will be 9,300 GgCO₂eq, which accounting for likely 77% cumulative CO₂ emission reduction in the road transport sector by introducing the EV technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title="GDP">GDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20mitigation" title=" CO₂ mitigation"> CO₂ mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CGE%20model" title=" CGE model"> CGE model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EV%20technology" title=" EV technology"> EV technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127559/scenario-based-analysis-of-electric-vehicle-penetration-in-road-transportation-in-laos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5803</span> Optimizing Road Transportation Network Considering the Durability Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yapegue%20Bayogo">Yapegue Bayogo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadou%20Halassi%20Dicko"> Ahmadou Halassi Dicko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahima%20Songore"> Brahima Songore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing countries, the road transportation system occupies an important place because of its flexibility and the low prices of infrastructure and rolling stock. While road transport is necessary for economic development, the movement of people and their goods, it is urgent to use transportation systems that minimize carbon emissions in order to ensure sustainable development. One of the main objectives of OEDC and the Word Bank is to ensure sustainable economic’ development. This paper aims to develop a road transport network taking into account environmental impacts. The methodology adopted consists of formulating a model optimizing the flow of goods and then collecting information relating to the transport of products. Our model was tested with data on product transport in CMDT areas in the Republic of Mali. The results of our study indicate that emissions from the transport sector can be significantly reduced by minimizing the traffic volume. According to our study, optimizing the transportation network, we benefit from a significant amount of tons of CO₂. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20sustainability" title=" transport sustainability"> transport sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20network" title=" optimized network"> optimized network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143969/optimizing-road-transportation-network-considering-the-durability-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5802</span> Exploring the Relationship between Building Construction Activity and Road-Related Expenditure in Victoria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Aftabuzzaman">Md. Aftabuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Kamruzzaman"> Md. Kamruzzaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road-related expenditure and building construction activity are two significant drivers of the Victorian economy. This paper investigates the relationship between building construction activity and road-related expenditure. Data for construction activities were collected from Victorian Building Authority, and road-related expenditure data were explored by the Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics. The trend between these two sectors was compared. The analysis found a strong relationship between road-related expenditure and the volume of construction activity, i.e., the more construction activities, the greater the requirement of road-related expenditure, or vice-versa. The road-related expenditure has a two-year lag period, suggesting that the road sector requires two years to respond to the growth in the building sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20construction%20activity" title="building construction activity">building construction activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20expenditure" title=" road expenditure"> road expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victorian%20Building%20Authority" title=" Victorian Building Authority"> Victorian Building Authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151164/exploring-the-relationship-between-building-construction-activity-and-road-related-expenditure-in-victoria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5801</span> Providing a Road Pricing and Toll Allocation Method for Toll Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Babaei">Ali Babaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a worldwide growing tendency toward construction of infrastructures with the possibility of private sector participation instead of free exploitation of public infrastructures. The construction and development of roads through private sector participation is performed by different countries because of appropriate results and benefits such as compensation of public budget deficit in road construction and maintenance and responding to traffic growth (demand). Toll is the most definite form of budget provision in road development. There are two issues in the toll rate assignment: A. costing of transport, B. Cost allocation and distribution of cost between different types of vehicles as each vehicle pay its own share. There can be different goals in toll collection and its extent is variable according to the strategy of toll collection. Costing principles in different countries are based on inclusion of the whole transport and not peculiar to the toll roads. For example, fuel tax policy functions where the road network users pay transportation cost (not just users of toll road). Whereas transportation infrastructures in Iran are free, these methods are not applicable. In Iran, different toll freeways have built by public investment and government provides participation in the road construction through encouragement of financial institutions. In this paper, the existing policies about the toll roads are studied and then the appropriate method of costing and cost allocation to different vehicles is introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20allocation" title="toll allocation">toll allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pricing" title=" road pricing"> road pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20and%20industrial%20systems" title=" financial and industrial systems"> financial and industrial systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827/providing-a-road-pricing-and-toll-allocation-method-for-toll-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5800</span> European Environmental Policy for Road Transport: Analysis of the Perverse Effects Generated and Proposals for a Good Practice Guide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Pablo%20Ram%C3%ADrez%20S%C3%A1nchez">Pedro Pablo Ramírez Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alassane%20Ball%C3%A9%20Ndiaye"> Alassane Ballé Ndiaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Rendeiro%20Mart%C3%ADn-Cejas"> Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to analyse the different environmental policies adopted in Europe for car emissions, to comment on some of the possible perverse effects generated and point out these policies which are considered more efficient under the environmental perspective. This paper is focused on passenger cars as this category is the most significant in road transport. The utility of this research lies in this being the first step or basis to improve and optimise actual policies. The methodology applied in this paper refers to a comparative analysis from a practical and theoretical point of view of European environmental policies in road transport. This work describes an overview of the road transport industry in Europe pointing out some relevant aspects such as the contribution of road transport to total emissions and the vehicle fleet in Europe. Additionally, we propose a brief practice guide with the combined policies in order to optimise their aim. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perverse%20effect" title=" perverse effect"> perverse effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20policy" title=" tax policy"> tax policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127893/european-environmental-policy-for-road-transport-analysis-of-the-perverse-effects-generated-and-proposals-for-a-good-practice-guide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5799</span> Comparison of Hydrogen and Electrification Perspectives in Decarbonizing the Transport Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Nicoli">Matteo Nicoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianvito%20Colucci"> Gianvito Colucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeria%20Di%20Cosmo"> Valeria Di Cosmo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniele%20Lerede"> Daniele Lerede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Savoldi"> Laura Savoldi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transport sector is currently responsible for approximately 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. In the wider context of achieving carbon neutrality of the global energy system, different alternatives are available to decarbonizethe transport sector. In particular, while electricity is already the most consumed energy commodity in rail transport, battery electric vehicles are one of the zero-emissions options on the market for road transportation. On the other hand, hydrogen-based fuel cell vehicles are available for road and non-road vehicles. The European Commission is strongly pushing toward the integration of hydrogen in the energy systems of European countries and its widespread adoption as an energy vector to achieve the Green Deal targets. Furthermore, the Italian government is defining hydrogen-related objectives with the publication of a dedicated Hydrogen Strategy. The adoption of energy system optimization models to study the possible penetration of alternative zero-emitting transport technologies gives the opportunity to perform an overall analysis of the effects that the development of innovative technologies has on the entire energy system and on the supply-side, devoted to the production of energy carriers such as hydrogen and electricity. Using an open-source modeling framework such as TEMOA, this work aims to compare the role of hydrogen and electric vehicles in the decarbonization of the transport sector. The analysis investigates the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the two options, from the economic point of view (costs associated with the two options) and the environmental one (looking at the emissions reduction perspectives). Moreover, an analysis on the profitability of the investments in hydrogen and electric vehicles will be performed. The study investigates the evolution of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in different transportation modes (road, rail, navigation, and aviation) by detailed analysis of the full range of vehicles included in the techno-economic database used in the TEMOA model instance adopted for this work. The transparency of the analysis is guaranteed by the accessibility of the TEMOA models, based on an open-access source code and databases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20electric%20vehicles" title="battery electric vehicles">battery electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decarbonization" title=" decarbonization"> decarbonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20system%20optimization%20models" title=" energy system optimization models"> energy system optimization models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell%20vehicles" title=" fuel cell vehicles"> fuel cell vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open-source%20modeling" title=" open-source modeling"> open-source modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEMOA" title=" TEMOA"> TEMOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153403/comparison-of-hydrogen-and-electrification-perspectives-in-decarbonizing-the-transport-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5798</span> Intelligent Rescheduling Trains for Air Pollution Management </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kainat%20Affrin">Kainat Affrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Reshma"> P. Reshma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Narendra%20Kumar"> G. Narendra Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization of timetable is the need of the day for the rescheduling and routing of trains in real time. Trains are scheduled in parallel with the road transport vehicles to the same destination. As the number of trains is restricted due to single track, customers usually opt for road transport to use frequently. The air pollution increases as the density of vehicles on road transport is increased. Use of an alternate mode of transport like train helps in reducing air-pollution. This paper mainly aims at attracting the passengers to Train transport by proper rescheduling of trains using hybrid of stop-skip algorithm and iterative convex programming algorithm. Rescheduling of train bi-directionally is achieved on a single track with dynamic dual time and varying stops. Introduction of more trains attract customers to use rail transport frequently, thereby decreasing the pollution. The results are simulated using Network Simulator (NS-2). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-scheduling" title=" re-scheduling"> re-scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSNs" title=" WSNs"> WSNs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65307/intelligent-rescheduling-trains-for-air-pollution-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5797</span> Life Cycle Assessment in Road Pavements: A Literature Review and the Potential Use in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Santos">B. V. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20M.%20Carvalho"> M. T. M. Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20S.%20R%C3%AAgo"> J. H. S. Rêgo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents a literature review on recent advances related to studies of the environmental impact of road pavements, with reference to the concepts of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). An introduction with the main motivations for the development of the research is presented, with a current overview of the Brazilian transport infrastructure and the projections for the road mode for the coming years, and the possibility of using the referred methodology by the road sector in Brazil. The article explores the origin of LCA in road pavements and the details linked to its implementation from the perspective of the four main phases of the study (goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation). Finally, the main advances and deficiencies observed in the selected studies are gathered, with the proposition of research fields that can be explored in future national or international studies of LCA of road pavements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pavements" title=" road pavements"> road pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164000/life-cycle-assessment-in-road-pavements-a-literature-review-and-the-potential-use-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5796</span> The Energy Consumption by the Sector of Transport and His Impact on the Atmospheric Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mme%20Hamani%20N%C3%A9e%20Guessas%20Ghaniya">Mme Hamani Née Guessas Ghaniya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transport is the base of the development of the exchanges and the business, being both a recognized determiner of the economic and social development. The development of the transport is in the center of the big challenges of development of countries, but it is also at the heart of big contradictions, since we integrate the environmental issues which are bound to him, in particular through the questions of energy. Indeed, the energy consumption by the sector of transport is one of bigger concerns, because it is increasing and it has a big impact on our environment. The main consequences are, the atmospheric pollution causing an increase of the greenhouse effect which causes a global warming. These global warming risks to engender a partial cast iron of polar caps so raising the level of seas, flooding the low coastal zones, certain islands and the deltas. Thus, the purpose of this communication is to present the impact of the energy consumption by the sector of transport on the air quality, showing its effect on the health and on the global warming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sector%20of%20transport" title=" sector of transport"> sector of transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title=" air quality"> air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20pollution" title=" atmospheric pollution"> atmospheric pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11918/the-energy-consumption-by-the-sector-of-transport-and-his-impact-on-the-atmospheric-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5795</span> Economic Growth and Transport Carbon Dioxide Emissions in New Zealand: A Co-Integration Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingyue%20Sheng">Mingyue Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basil%20Sharp"> Basil Sharp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from national transport account for the largest share of emissions from energy use in New Zealand. Whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship exists between environmental degradation indicators from the transport sector and economic growth in New Zealand remains unclear. This paper aims at exploring the causality relationship between CO₂ emissions from the transport sector, fossil fuel consumption, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in New Zealand, using annual data for the period 1977 to 2013. First, conventional unit root tests (Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests), and a unit root test with the breakpoint (Zivot-Andrews test) are employed to examine the stationarity of the variables. Second, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for co-integration, followed by Granger causality investigated causality among the variables. Empirical results of the study reveal that, in the short run, there is a unidirectional causality between economic growth and transport CO₂ emissions with direction from economic growth to transport CO₂ emissions, as well as a bidirectional causality from transport CO₂ emissions to road energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20carbon%20dioxide%20emissions" title=" transport carbon dioxide emissions"> transport carbon dioxide emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20Kuznets%20curve" title=" environmental Kuznets curve"> environmental Kuznets curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title=" causality"> causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92763/economic-growth-and-transport-carbon-dioxide-emissions-in-new-zealand-a-co-integration-analysis-of-the-environmental-kuznets-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5794</span> Diagnostic and Analysis of the Performance of Freight Transportation on Urban Logistics System in the City of Sfax</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarak%20Barhoumi">Tarak Barhoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20Boujelbene"> Younes Boujelbene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the problems of freight transport pose logistical constraints on the urban system in the city. The aim of this article is to gain a better understanding of the interactions between local traffic and interurban traffic on the one hand and between the location system and the transport system on the other hand. Thus, in a simulation and analysis approach cannot be restricted to the only transport system. The proposed approach is based on an assessment of the impact of freight transport, which is closely linked to the diagnostic method, based on two surveys carried out on the territory of the urban community of Sfax. These surveys are based on two main components 'establishment component' first and 'driver component' second. The results propose a reorganization of freight transport in the city of Sfax. First, an orientation of the heavy goods vehicles traffic towards the major axes of transport namely the ring roads (ring road N° 2, ring road N° 4 and ring road N° 11) and the penetrating news of the city. Then, the implementation of a retail goods delivery policy and the strengthening of logistics in the city. The creation of a logistics zone at the ring road N° 11 where various modes of freight transport meet, in order to decongest the roads of heavy goods traffic, reduce the cost of transport and thus improve the competitiveness of the economy regional. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20logistics%20systems" title="urban logistics systems">urban logistics systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20freight" title=" transport freight"> transport freight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostics" title=" diagnostics"> diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92044/diagnostic-and-analysis-of-the-performance-of-freight-transportation-on-urban-logistics-system-in-the-city-of-sfax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5793</span> The Reduction of CO2 Emissions Level in Malaysian Transportation Sector: An Optimization Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Indati%20Mustapa">Siti Indati Mustapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Ali%20Bekhet"> Hussain Ali Bekhet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transportation sector represents more than 40% of total energy consumption in Malaysia. This sector is a major user of fossils based fuels, and it is increasingly being highlighted as the sector which contributes least to CO2 emission reduction targets. Considering this fact, this paper attempts to investigate the problem of reducing CO2 emission using linear programming approach. An optimization model which is used to investigate the optimal level of CO2 emission reduction in the road transport sector is presented. In this paper, scenarios have been used to demonstrate the emission reduction model: (1) utilising alternative fuel scenario, (2) improving fuel efficiency scenario, (3) removing fuel subsidy scenario, (4) reducing demand travel, (5) optimal scenario. This study finds that fuel balancing can contribute to the reduction of the amount of CO2 emission by up to 3%. Beyond 3% emission reductions, more stringent measures that include fuel switching, fuel efficiency improvement, demand travel reduction and combination of mitigation measures have to be employed. The model revealed that the CO2 emission reduction in the road transportation can be reduced by 38.3% in the optimal scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emission" title="CO2 emission">CO2 emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20consumption" title=" fuel consumption"> fuel consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20programming" title=" linear programming"> linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20sector" title=" transportation sector"> transportation sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13084/the-reduction-of-co2-emissions-level-in-malaysian-transportation-sector-an-optimization-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5792</span> Evaluation of External Costs of Traffic Accident in Slovak Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Dolinayova">Anna Dolinayova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Danis"> Jozef Danis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Camaj"> Juraj Camaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The report deals with comparison of traffic accidents in Slovak republic in road and rail transport since year 2009 until 2014, with evaluation of external costs and consequently with the possibilities of their internalization. The results of road traffic accidents analysis are realized in line with after-effects they have caused; in line with main cause, place of origin (within or out of town) and in accordance to age of people they were killed or hard, eventually easy injured in traffic accidents. Evaluation of individual after-effects is carried in terms of probability of traffic accidents occurrence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20costs" title="external costs">external costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20accident" title=" traffic accident"> traffic accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20transport" title=" rail transport"> rail transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40259/evaluation-of-external-costs-of-traffic-accident-in-slovak-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5791</span> Risk Analysis in Road Transport of Dangerous Goods Using Complex Multi-Criteria Analysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Masoni%C4%8Di%C4%87">Zoran Masoničić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sini%C5%A1a%20Dragutinovi%C4%87"> Siniša Dragutinović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Lazovi%C4%87"> Ivan Lazović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the management and organization of the road transport of dangerous goods, in addition to the existing influential criteria and restrictions that apply to the road transport in general, it is necessary to include an additional criteria related to the safety of people and the environment, considering the danger that comes from the substances being transported. In that manner, the decision making process becomes very complex and rather challenging task that is inherent to the application of complex numerical multi-criteria analysis methods. In this paper some initial results of application of complex analysis method in decision making process are presented. Additionally, the method for minimization or even complete elimination of subjective element in the decision making process is provided. The results obtained can be used in order to point the direction towards some measures have to be applied in order to minimize or completely annihilate the influence of the risk source identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title=" dangerous goods"> dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20analysis" title=" risk analysis"> risk analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20evaluation" title=" risk evaluation"> risk evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193576/risk-analysis-in-road-transport-of-dangerous-goods-using-complex-multi-criteria-analysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5790</span> Neural Network Modelling for Turkey Railway Load Carrying Demand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humeyra%20Bolakar%20Tosun">Humeyra Bolakar Tosun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transport sector has an undisputed place in human life. People need transport access to continuous increase day by day with growing population. The number of rail network, urban transport planning, infrastructure improvements, transportation management and other related areas is a key factor affecting our country made it quite necessary to improve the work of transportation. In this context, it plays an important role in domestic rail freight demand planning. Alternatives that the increase in the transportation field and has made it mandatory requirements such as the demand for improving transport quality. In this study generally is known and used in studies by the definition, rail freight transport, railway line length, population, energy consumption. In this study, Iron Road Load Net Demand was modeled by multiple regression and ANN methods. In this study, model dependent variable (Output) is Iron Road Load Net demand and 6 entries variable was determined. These outcome values extracted from the model using ANN and regression model results. In the regression model, some parameters are considered as determinative parameters, and the coefficients of the determinants give meaningful results. As a result, ANN model has been shown to be more successful than traditional regression model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20load%20carrying" title="railway load carrying">railway load carrying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling%20transport" title=" modelling transport"> modelling transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92227/neural-network-modelling-for-turkey-railway-load-carrying-demand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5789</span> Highlighting of the Factors and Policies affecting CO2 Emissions level in Malaysian Transportation Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Indati%20Mustapa">Siti Indati Mustapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Ali%20Bekhet"> Hussain Ali Bekhet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global CO2 emission and increasing fuel consumption to meet energy demand requirement has become a threat in recent decades. Effort to reduce the CO2 emission is now a matter of priority in most countries of the world including Malaysia. Transportation has been identified as the most intensive sector of carbon-based fuels and achievement of the voluntary target to meet 40% carbon intensity reduction set at the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) means that the emission from the transport sector must be reduced accordingly. This posed a great challenge to Malaysia and effort has to be made to embrace suitable and appropriate energy policy for sustainable energy and emission reduction of this sector. The focus of this paper is to analyse the trends of Malaysia’s energy consumption and emission of four different transport sub-sectors (road, rail, aviation and maritime). Underlying factors influencing the growth of energy consumption and emission trends are discussed. Besides, technology status towards energy efficiency in transportation sub-sectors is presented. By reviewing the existing policies and trends of energy used, the paper highlights prospective policy options towards achieving emission reduction in the transportation sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title="CO2 emissions">CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20sector" title=" transportation sector"> transportation sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20consumption" title=" fuel consumption"> fuel consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title=" energy policy"> energy policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3404/highlighting-of-the-factors-and-policies-affecting-co2-emissions-level-in-malaysian-transportation-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5788</span> Assessment of Intra-City Road Infrastructure in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aruna%20Kemisola%20Kehinde">Aruna Kemisola Kehinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyinloye%20Michael%20Ajide"> Oyinloye Michael Ajide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboluje%20Oluwafemi%20Bolarinwa"> Aboluje Oluwafemi Bolarinwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the nation's overall growth is directly impacted by the vital substructure of the transportation system. The majority of developing countries experience issues with road transportation, including limited and low-quality infrastructure. The study assessed intra-city road infrastructure in Ado-Ekiti with a view to identifying its adequacy and functionality for efficient transport in the town. To this end, the study examined the locations of the road infrastructure, characteristics of the road infrastructure, and condition of the road infrastructure. A systematic random sampling method was adopted to select respondents for the study. Data were sourced from both primary and secondary sources. A 2.5% of 20,160 households, amounting to 503 households, was used as the sample size. Data analysis was based on responses from 500 questionnaires retrieved, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that based on the locations of road infrastructure, disparity exists in the distribution of infrastructure amongst the major roads. Inferences from the results gathered also demonstrated that the infrastructure that is available is very much less than the non-available infrastructure. About 50% of the respondents are satisfied that the condition of road infrastructure in Ado-Ekiti is fair. The study's recommendations for the Ekiti state government include quantifying the number of existing road infrastructure, establishing a state maintenance board to expedite their renovation, and diversifying its goals for providing road infrastructure through public-private partnership (PPP) agreements with the private sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transportation" title="road transportation">road transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-city" title=" intra-city"> intra-city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187409/assessment-of-intra-city-road-infrastructure-in-ado-ekiti-ekiti-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5787</span> Appraisal of Road Transport Infrastructure and Commercial Activities in Ede, Osun State Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiu%20Babatunde%20Ibrahim">Rafiu Babatunde Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Oluseyi%20Taiwo"> Richard Oluseyi Taiwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiodun%20Toheeb%20Akintunde"> Abiodun Toheeb Akintunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between road transport infrastructure and commercial activities in Nigeria has been a topical issue and identified as one of the crucial components for economic development in the country. This study examines road transport infrastructure and commercial activities along selected roads in Ede, Nigeria. The study assesses the characteristics of the selected roads, the condition of road infrastructure, the degree of road network connectivity, maintenance culture for the road infrastructure as well as commercial activities along identified roads in the study area. Stratified Sampling Techniques were used to partition the study area into core, Intermediate and Suburb Township zones. Roads were also classified into Major, Distributor and Access Roads. Field observation and measurement, as well as a questionnaire, were used to obtain primary data from 246 systematically sampled respondents along the roads selected, and they were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that most of the roads were characterized by an incidence of potholes. A total of 448 potholes were observed, where Olowoibida Road accounted for (19.0%), Federal Polytechnic Road (17.4%), and Back to Land Road (16.3%). The majority of the selected roads have no street lights and are of open drainage systems. Also, the condition of road surfaces was observed to be deteriorating. Road network connectivity of the study area was found to be poorly connected with 11% using the alpha index and 40% of Gamma index. It was found that the tailoring business (39) is predominant on major roads and Distributor Roads, while petty trading (35) is dominant on the access road. Results of correlation analysis (r = 0.242) show that there is a low positive correlation between road infrastructure and commercial activities; the significant relationships have indeed explained how important it is in influencing commercial activities across the study area. The study concluded by emphasizing the need for the provision of more roads and proper maintenance of the existing ones. This will no doubt improve the commercial activities along the roads in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20activities" title=" commercial activities"> commercial activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20culture" title=" maintenance culture"> maintenance culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188519/appraisal-of-road-transport-infrastructure-and-commercial-activities-in-ede-osun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5786</span> Strategic Thinking to Enhance Critical Transport Infrastructure and Build Resilience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayantha%20Withanaarachchi">Jayantha Withanaarachchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujeeva%20Setunge"> Sujeeva Setunge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Moridpour"> Sara Moridpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gaps in strategic thinking and planning lead to critical transport infrastructure resilience. These gaps in strategic transport and land use development planning have an impact on communities and cities. Natural and man-induced disasters can be catastrophic to communities. After a disaster, many types of critical infrastructure, including transport infrastructure gets un-usable or gets damaged. This paper examines strategic thinking behind the resilience and protection of Critical Transport Infrastructure (CI) within transport networks by investigating the impact of disasters such as bushfires, hurricanes and earthquakes. A detailed analysis of three case studies have been conducted to identify the gaps in strategic transport planning and strategic decision making processes required to mitigate the impacts of disasters. Case studies will be analysed to identify existing gaps in road design, transport planning and decision making. This paper examines the effect of road designing, transport corridors and decision making during transport planning stages and how it impacts transport infrastructure as well as community resilience. A set of recommendations to overcome the shortcomings of existing strategic planning and designing process are presented. This research paper reviews transport infrastructure planning issues and presents the common approach suitable for future strategic thinking and planning which could be adopted in practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20resilience" title="community resilience">community resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making "> decision making </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20resilience" title=" infrastructure resilience"> infrastructure resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20transport%20planning" title=" strategic transport planning"> strategic transport planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20infrastructure" title=" transport infrastructure"> transport infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82866/strategic-thinking-to-enhance-critical-transport-infrastructure-and-build-resilience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5785</span> Public Transport Assignment at Adama City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selamawit%20Mulubrhan%20Gidey">Selamawit Mulubrhan Gidey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adama city, having an area of 29.86 km2, is one of the main cities in Ethiopia experiencing rapid growth in business and construction activities which in turn with an increasing number of vehicles at an alarming rate. For this reason, currently, there is an attempt to develop public transport assignment modeling in the city. Still, there is a huge gap in developing public transport assignments along the road segments of the city with operational and safety performance due to high traffic volume. Thus, the introduction of public transport assignment modeling in Adama City can have a massive impact on the road safety and capacity problem in the city. City transport modeling is important in city transportation planning, particularly in overcoming existing transportation problems such as traffic congestion. In this study, the Adama City transportation model was developed using the PTV VISUM software, whose transportation modeling is based on the four-step model of transportation. Based on the traffic volume data fed and simulated, the result of the study shows that the developed model has better reliability in representing the traffic congestion conditions in Adama city, and the simulation clearly indicates the level of congestion of each route selected and thus, the city road administrative office can take managerial decisions on public transport assignment so as to overcome traffic congestion executed along the selected routes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trip%20modelling" title="trip modelling">trip modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTV%20VISUM" title=" PTV VISUM"> PTV VISUM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport%20assignment" title=" public transport assignment"> public transport assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187078/public-transport-assignment-at-adama-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5784</span> Applications of Social Marketing in Road Safety of Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charita%20Jashi">Charita Jashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to explore the role of social marketing in changing the behavior of consumers on road safety, identify critical aspects and priority needs which impede the implementation of road safety program in Georgia. Given the goals of the study, a quantitative method was used to carry out interviews for primary data collection. This research identified the awareness level of road safety, legislation base, and marketing interventions to change behavior of drivers and pedestrians. During several years the non-governmental sector together with the local authorities and media have been very intensively working on the road safety issue in Georgia, but only seat-belts campaign should be considered rather successful. Despite achievements in this field, efficiency of road safety programs far from fulfillment and needs strong empowering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20marketing%20interventions" title=" social marketing interventions"> social marketing interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20change" title=" behavior change"> behavior change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89163/applications-of-social-marketing-in-road-safety-of-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5783</span> Climate Impact-Minimizing Road Infrastructure Layout for Growing Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislovas%20Buteliauskas">Stanislovas Buteliauskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Au%C5%A1rius%20Juozapavi%C4%8Dius"> Aušrius Juozapavičius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> City road transport contributes significantly to climate change, and the ongoing world urbanization is only increasing the problem. The paper describes a city planning concept minimizing the number of vehicles on the roads while increasing overall mobility. This becomes possible by utilizing a recently invented two-level road junction with a unique property of serving both as an intersection of uninterrupted traffic and an easily accessible transport hub capable of accumulating private vehicles, and therefore becoming an especially effective park-and-ride solution, and a logistics or business center. Optimized layouts of city road infrastructure, living and work areas, and major roads are presented. The layouts are suitable both for the development of new cities as well as for the expansion of existing ones. Costs of the infrastructure and a positive impact on climate are evaluated in comparison to current city growth patterns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20infrastructure" title=" city infrastructure"> city infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=park-and-ride" title=" park-and-ride"> park-and-ride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20junctions" title=" road junctions"> road junctions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57643/climate-impact-minimizing-road-infrastructure-layout-for-growing-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5782</span> Comparison of Noise Emissions in the Interior of Passenger Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kendra">Martin Kendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Skrucany"> Tomas Skrucany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Masek"> Jaroslav Masek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The noise is one of the negative elements influencing the human health. This article is due to the measurement of noise emitted by road vehicle and its parts during the operation. Measurement was done in the interior of common passenger cars with a digital sound meter. The results compare the noise value in different cars with different body shape, which influences the driver’s health. Transport has considerable ecological effects, many of them detrimental to environmental sustainability. Roads and traffic exert a variety of direct and mostly detrimental effects on nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver" title="driver">driver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20measurement" title=" noise measurement"> noise measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passenger%20road%20vehicle" title=" passenger road vehicle"> passenger road vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40250/comparison-of-noise-emissions-in-the-interior-of-passenger-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5781</span> Bundling of Transport Flows: Adoption Barriers and Opportunities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vandenbroucke%20Karel">Vandenbroucke Karel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georges%20Annabel"> Georges Annabel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schuurman%20Dimitri"> Schuurman Dimitri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past years, bundling of transport flows, whether or not implemented in an intermodal process, has popped up as a promising concept in the logistics sector. Bundling of transport flows is a process where two or more shippers decide to synergize their shipped goods over a common transport lane. Promoted by the European Commission, several programs have been set up and have shown their benefits. Bundling promises both shippers and logistics service providers economic, societal and ecological benefits. By bundling transport flows and thus reducing truck (or other carrier) capacity, the problems of driver shortage, increased fuel prices, mileage charges and restricted hours of service on the road are solved. In theory, the advantages of bundled transport exceed the drawbacks, however, in practice adoption among shippers remains low. In fact, bundling is mentioned as a disruptive process in the rather traditional logistics sector. In this context, a Belgian company asked iMinds Living Labs to set up a Living Lab research project with the goal to investigate how the uptake of bundling transport flows can be accelerated and to check whether an online data sharing platform can overcome the adoption barriers. The Living Lab research was conducted in 2016 and combined quantitative and qualitative end-user and market research. Concretely, extensive desk research was conducted and combined with insights from expert interviews with four consultants active in the Belgian logistics sector and in-depth interviews with logistics professionals working for shippers (N=10) and LSP’s (N=3). In the article, we present findings which show that there are several factors slowing down the uptake of bundling transport flows. Shippers are hesitant to change how they currently work and they are hesitant to work together with other shippers. Moreover, several practical challenges impede shippers to work together. We also present some opportunities that can accelerate the adoption of bundling of transport flows. First, it seems that there is not enough support coming from governmental and commercial organizations. Secondly, there is the chicken and the egg problem: too few interested parties will lead to no or very few matching lanes. Shippers are therefore reluctant to partake in these projects because the benefits have not yet been proven. Thirdly, the incentive is not big enough for shippers. Road transport organized by the shipper individually is still seen as the easiest and cheapest solution. A solution for the abovementioned challenges might be found in the online data sharing platform of the Belgian company. The added value of this platform is showing shippers possible matching lanes, without the shippers having to invest time in negotiating and networking with other shippers and running the risk of not finding a match. The interviewed shippers and experts indicated that the online data sharing platform is a very promising concept which could accelerate the uptake of bundling of transport flows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption%20barriers" title="adoption barriers">adoption barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bundling%20of%20transport" title=" bundling of transport"> bundling of transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shippers" title=" shippers"> shippers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20optimization" title=" transport optimization"> transport optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59762/bundling-of-transport-flows-adoption-barriers-and-opportunities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5780</span> Mobility and Effective Regulatory Policies in the 21st Century Transport Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Paulino">Pedro Paulino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of the world’s population is already living in urban areas and the urban population is expected to keep increasing in the next decades. This exponential increase in urban population carries with it obvious mobility problems. Not only a new paradigm in the transport sector is needed in order to address these problems; effective regulatory policies to ensure the quality of services, passenger rights, competition between operators and consistency of the entire mobile ecosystem are needed as well. The purpose of this paper is to present the problems the world faces in this sector and contribute to their solution. Indeed, our study concludes that only through the active supervision of the markets and the activity of monitoring the various operators will it be possible to develop a sustainable and efficient transport system which meets the needs of a changing world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title="mobility">mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20policies" title=" regulation policies"> regulation policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanctioning%20powers" title=" sanctioning powers"> sanctioning powers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20transport" title=" sustainable transport"> sustainable transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54894/mobility-and-effective-regulatory-policies-in-the-21st-century-transport-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5779</span> Energy Consumption and GHG Production in Railway and Road Passenger Regional Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kendra">Martin Kendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Skrucany"> Tomas Skrucany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Gnap"> Jozef Gnap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Ponicky"> Jan Ponicky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper deals with the modeling and simulation of energy consumption and GHG production of two different modes of regional passenger transport – road and railway. These two transport modes use the same type of fuel – diesel. Modeling and simulation of the energy consumption in transport is often used due to calculation satisfactory accuracy and cost efficiency. Paper deals with the calculation based on EN standards and information collected from technical information from vehicle producers and characteristics of tracks. Calculation included maximal theoretical capacity of bus and train and real passenger’s measurement from operation. Final energy consumption and GHG production is calculated by using software simulation. In evaluation of the simulation is used system ‘well to wheel’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus" title="bus">bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20energy" title=" consumption energy"> consumption energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG" title=" GHG"> GHG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train" title=" train"> train</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40249/energy-consumption-and-ghg-production-in-railway-and-road-passenger-regional-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5778</span> Optimizing the Location of Parking Areas Adapted for Dangerous Goods in the European Road Transport Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Dolores%20Caro">María Dolores Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenio%20M.%20Fedriani"> Eugenio M. Fedriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngel%20F.%20Tenorio"> Ángel F. Tenorio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transportation of dangerous goods by lorries throughout Europe must be done by using the roads conforming the European Road Transport Network. In this network, there are several parking areas where lorry drivers can park to rest according to the regulations. According to the "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road", parking areas where lorries transporting dangerous goods can park to rest, must follow several security stipulations to keep safe the rest of road users. At this respect, these lorries must be parked in adapted areas with strict and permanent surveillance measures. Moreover, drivers must satisfy several restrictions about resting and driving time. Under these facts, one may expect that there exist enough parking areas for the transport of this type of goods in order to obey the regulations prescribed by the European Union and its member countries. However, the already-existing parking areas are not sufficient to cover all the stops required by drivers transporting dangerous goods. Our main goal is, starting from the already-existing parking areas and the loading-and-unloading location, to provide an optimal answer to the following question: how many additional parking areas must be built and where must they be located to assure that lorry drivers can transport dangerous goods following all the stipulations about security and safety for their stops? The sense of the word “optimal” is due to the fact that we give a global solution for the location of parking areas throughout the whole European Road Transport Network, adjusting the number of additional areas to be as lower as possible. To do so, we have modeled the problem using graph theory since we are working with a road network. As nodes, we have considered the locations of each already-existing parking area, each loading-and-unloading area each road bifurcation. Each road connecting two nodes is considered as an edge in the graph whose weight corresponds to the distance between both nodes in the edge. By applying a new efficient algorithm, we have found the additional nodes for the network representing the new parking areas adapted for dangerous goods, under the fact that the distance between two parking areas must be less than or equal to 400 km. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans-european%20transport%20network" title="trans-european transport network">trans-european transport network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title=" dangerous goods"> dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20areas" title=" parking areas"> parking areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-based%20modeling" title=" graph-based modeling"> graph-based modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29859/optimizing-the-location-of-parking-areas-adapted-for-dangerous-goods-in-the-european-road-transport-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5777</span> Green Transport Solutions for Developing Cities: A Case Study of Nairobi, Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedict%20O.%20Muyale">Benedict O. Muyale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20S.%20Murunga"> Emmanuel S. Murunga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities have always been the loci for nationals as well as growth of cultural fusion and innovation. Over 50%of global population dwells in cities and urban centers. This means that cities are prolific users of natural resources and generators of waste; hence they produce most of the greenhouse gases which are causing global climate change. The root cause of increase in the transport sector carbon curve is mainly the greater numbers of individually owned cars. Development in these cities is geared towards economic progress while environmental sustainability is ignored. Infrastructure projects focus on road expansion, electrification, and more parking spaces. These lead to more carbon emissions, traffic congestion, and air pollution. Recent development plans for Nairobi city are now on road expansion with little priority for electric train solutions. The Vision 2030, Kenya’s development guide, has shed some light on the city with numerous road expansion projects. This chapter seeks to realize the following objectives; (1) to assess the current transport situation of Nairobi; (2) to review green transport solutions being undertaken in the city; (3) to give an overview of alternative green transportation solutions, and (4) to provide a green transportation framework matrix. This preliminary study will utilize primary and secondary data through mainly desktop research and analysis, literature, books, magazines and on-line information. This forms the basis for formulation of approaches for incorporation into the green transportation framework matrix of the main study report.The main goal is the achievement of a practical green transportation system for implementation by the City County of Nairobi to reduce carbon emissions and congestion and promote environmental sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities" title="cities">cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nairobi" title=" Nairobi"> Nairobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20technologies" title=" green technologies"> green technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27752/green-transport-solutions-for-developing-cities-a-case-study-of-nairobi-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5776</span> Competitor Analysis to Quantify the Benefits and for Different Use of Transport Infrastructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20J.%20Dimitriou">Dimitrios J. Dimitriou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20F.%20Sartzetaki"> Maria F. Sartzetaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Different transportation modes have key operational advantages and disadvantages, providing a variety of different transport options to users and passengers. This paper reviews key variables for the competition between air transport and other transport modes. The aim of this paper is to review the competition between air transport and other transport modes, providing results in terms of perceived cost for the users, for destinations high competitiveness for all transport modes. The competitor analysis variables include the cost and time outputs for each transport option, highlighting the level of competitiveness on high demanded Origin-Destination corridors. The case study presents the output of a such analysis for the OD corridor in Greece that connects the Capital city (Athens) with the second largest city (Thessaloniki) and the different transport modes have been considered (air, train, road). Conventional wisdom is to present an easy to handle tool for planners, managers and decision makers towards pricing policy effectiveness and demand attractiveness, appropriate to use for other similar cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitor%20analysis" title="competitor analysis">competitor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20economics" title=" transport economics"> transport economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20generalized%20cost" title=" transport generalized cost"> transport generalized cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20modelling" title=" quantitative modelling"> quantitative modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80755/competitor-analysis-to-quantify-the-benefits-and-for-different-use-of-transport-infrastructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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