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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="road transport"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2964</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: road transport</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2964</span> European Environmental Policy for Road Transport: Analysis of the Perverse Effects Generated and Proposals for a Good Practice Guide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Pablo%20Ram%C3%ADrez%20S%C3%A1nchez">Pedro Pablo Ramírez Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alassane%20Ball%C3%A9%20Ndiaye"> Alassane Ballé Ndiaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Rendeiro%20Mart%C3%ADn-Cejas"> Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to analyse the different environmental policies adopted in Europe for car emissions, to comment on some of the possible perverse effects generated and point out these policies which are considered more efficient under the environmental perspective. This paper is focused on passenger cars as this category is the most significant in road transport. The utility of this research lies in this being the first step or basis to improve and optimise actual policies. The methodology applied in this paper refers to a comparative analysis from a practical and theoretical point of view of European environmental policies in road transport. This work describes an overview of the road transport industry in Europe pointing out some relevant aspects such as the contribution of road transport to total emissions and the vehicle fleet in Europe. Additionally, we propose a brief practice guide with the combined policies in order to optimise their aim. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perverse%20effect" title=" perverse effect"> perverse effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20policy" title=" tax policy"> tax policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127893/european-environmental-policy-for-road-transport-analysis-of-the-perverse-effects-generated-and-proposals-for-a-good-practice-guide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2963</span> Optimizing Road Transportation Network Considering the Durability Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yapegue%20Bayogo">Yapegue Bayogo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadou%20Halassi%20Dicko"> Ahmadou Halassi Dicko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahima%20Songore"> Brahima Songore</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing countries, the road transportation system occupies an important place because of its flexibility and the low prices of infrastructure and rolling stock. While road transport is necessary for economic development, the movement of people and their goods, it is urgent to use transportation systems that minimize carbon emissions in order to ensure sustainable development. One of the main objectives of OEDC and the Word Bank is to ensure sustainable economic’ development. This paper aims to develop a road transport network taking into account environmental impacts. The methodology adopted consists of formulating a model optimizing the flow of goods and then collecting information relating to the transport of products. Our model was tested with data on product transport in CMDT areas in the Republic of Mali. The results of our study indicate that emissions from the transport sector can be significantly reduced by minimizing the traffic volume. According to our study, optimizing the transportation network, we benefit from a significant amount of tons of CO₂. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20sustainability" title=" transport sustainability"> transport sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20network" title=" optimized network"> optimized network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143969/optimizing-road-transportation-network-considering-the-durability-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2962</span> Intelligent Rescheduling Trains for Air Pollution Management </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kainat%20Affrin">Kainat Affrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Reshma"> P. Reshma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Narendra%20Kumar"> G. Narendra Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization of timetable is the need of the day for the rescheduling and routing of trains in real time. Trains are scheduled in parallel with the road transport vehicles to the same destination. As the number of trains is restricted due to single track, customers usually opt for road transport to use frequently. The air pollution increases as the density of vehicles on road transport is increased. Use of an alternate mode of transport like train helps in reducing air-pollution. This paper mainly aims at attracting the passengers to Train transport by proper rescheduling of trains using hybrid of stop-skip algorithm and iterative convex programming algorithm. Rescheduling of train bi-directionally is achieved on a single track with dynamic dual time and varying stops. Introduction of more trains attract customers to use rail transport frequently, thereby decreasing the pollution. The results are simulated using Network Simulator (NS-2). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-scheduling" title=" re-scheduling"> re-scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSNs" title=" WSNs"> WSNs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65307/intelligent-rescheduling-trains-for-air-pollution-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2961</span> Analysis on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Potential by Deploying the Green Cars in Korean Road Transport Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjun%20Hong">Sungjun Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanghon%20Chung"> Yanghon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyunbae%20Park"> Nyunbae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangyong%20Park"> Sangyong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Korea, as the 7th largest greenhouse gas emitting country in 2011, announced that the national reduction target of greenhouse gas emissions was 30% based on BAU (Business As Usual) by 2020. And the reduction rate of the transport sector is 34.3% which is the highest figure among all sectors. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental effect on deploying the green cars in Korean road transport sector. In order to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions, the LEAP model is applied in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20car" title="green car">green car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEAP%20model" title=" LEAP model"> LEAP model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector" title=" road transport sector"> road transport sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570/analysis-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions-potential-by-deploying-the-green-cars-in-korean-road-transport-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2960</span> Diagnostic and Analysis of the Performance of Freight Transportation on Urban Logistics System in the City of Sfax</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarak%20Barhoumi">Tarak Barhoumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20Boujelbene"> Younes Boujelbene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the problems of freight transport pose logistical constraints on the urban system in the city. The aim of this article is to gain a better understanding of the interactions between local traffic and interurban traffic on the one hand and between the location system and the transport system on the other hand. Thus, in a simulation and analysis approach cannot be restricted to the only transport system. The proposed approach is based on an assessment of the impact of freight transport, which is closely linked to the diagnostic method, based on two surveys carried out on the territory of the urban community of Sfax. These surveys are based on two main components 'establishment component' first and 'driver component' second. The results propose a reorganization of freight transport in the city of Sfax. First, an orientation of the heavy goods vehicles traffic towards the major axes of transport namely the ring roads (ring road N° 2, ring road N° 4 and ring road N° 11) and the penetrating news of the city. Then, the implementation of a retail goods delivery policy and the strengthening of logistics in the city. The creation of a logistics zone at the ring road N° 11 where various modes of freight transport meet, in order to decongest the roads of heavy goods traffic, reduce the cost of transport and thus improve the competitiveness of the economy regional. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20logistics%20systems" title="urban logistics systems">urban logistics systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20freight" title=" transport freight"> transport freight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostics" title=" diagnostics"> diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92044/diagnostic-and-analysis-of-the-performance-of-freight-transportation-on-urban-logistics-system-in-the-city-of-sfax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2959</span> Evaluation of External Costs of Traffic Accident in Slovak Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Dolinayova">Anna Dolinayova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Danis"> Jozef Danis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Camaj"> Juraj Camaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The report deals with comparison of traffic accidents in Slovak republic in road and rail transport since year 2009 until 2014, with evaluation of external costs and consequently with the possibilities of their internalization. The results of road traffic accidents analysis are realized in line with after-effects they have caused; in line with main cause, place of origin (within or out of town) and in accordance to age of people they were killed or hard, eventually easy injured in traffic accidents. Evaluation of individual after-effects is carried in terms of probability of traffic accidents occurrence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20costs" title="external costs">external costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20accident" title=" traffic accident"> traffic accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rail%20transport" title=" rail transport"> rail transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40259/evaluation-of-external-costs-of-traffic-accident-in-slovak-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2958</span> Risk Analysis in Road Transport of Dangerous Goods Using Complex Multi-Criteria Analysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Masoni%C4%8Di%C4%87">Zoran Masoničić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sini%C5%A1a%20Dragutinovi%C4%87"> Siniša Dragutinović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Lazovi%C4%87"> Ivan Lazović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the management and organization of the road transport of dangerous goods, in addition to the existing influential criteria and restrictions that apply to the road transport in general, it is necessary to include an additional criteria related to the safety of people and the environment, considering the danger that comes from the substances being transported. In that manner, the decision making process becomes very complex and rather challenging task that is inherent to the application of complex numerical multi-criteria analysis methods. In this paper some initial results of application of complex analysis method in decision making process are presented. Additionally, the method for minimization or even complete elimination of subjective element in the decision making process is provided. The results obtained can be used in order to point the direction towards some measures have to be applied in order to minimize or completely annihilate the influence of the risk source identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title=" dangerous goods"> dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20analysis" title=" risk analysis"> risk analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20evaluation" title=" risk evaluation"> risk evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193576/risk-analysis-in-road-transport-of-dangerous-goods-using-complex-multi-criteria-analysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2957</span> Appraisal of Road Transport Infrastructure and Commercial Activities in Ede, Osun State Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiu%20Babatunde%20Ibrahim">Rafiu Babatunde Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Oluseyi%20Taiwo"> Richard Oluseyi Taiwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiodun%20Toheeb%20Akintunde"> Abiodun Toheeb Akintunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between road transport infrastructure and commercial activities in Nigeria has been a topical issue and identified as one of the crucial components for economic development in the country. This study examines road transport infrastructure and commercial activities along selected roads in Ede, Nigeria. The study assesses the characteristics of the selected roads, the condition of road infrastructure, the degree of road network connectivity, maintenance culture for the road infrastructure as well as commercial activities along identified roads in the study area. Stratified Sampling Techniques were used to partition the study area into core, Intermediate and Suburb Township zones. Roads were also classified into Major, Distributor and Access Roads. Field observation and measurement, as well as a questionnaire, were used to obtain primary data from 246 systematically sampled respondents along the roads selected, and they were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that most of the roads were characterized by an incidence of potholes. A total of 448 potholes were observed, where Olowoibida Road accounted for (19.0%), Federal Polytechnic Road (17.4%), and Back to Land Road (16.3%). The majority of the selected roads have no street lights and are of open drainage systems. Also, the condition of road surfaces was observed to be deteriorating. Road network connectivity of the study area was found to be poorly connected with 11% using the alpha index and 40% of Gamma index. It was found that the tailoring business (39) is predominant on major roads and Distributor Roads, while petty trading (35) is dominant on the access road. Results of correlation analysis (r = 0.242) show that there is a low positive correlation between road infrastructure and commercial activities; the significant relationships have indeed explained how important it is in influencing commercial activities across the study area. The study concluded by emphasizing the need for the provision of more roads and proper maintenance of the existing ones. This will no doubt improve the commercial activities along the roads in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title="road transport">road transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20activities" title=" commercial activities"> commercial activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20culture" title=" maintenance culture"> maintenance culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188519/appraisal-of-road-transport-infrastructure-and-commercial-activities-in-ede-osun-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2956</span> Scenario-Based Analysis of Electric Vehicle Penetration in Road Transportation in Laos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouneua%20Khamphilavanh">Bouneua Khamphilavanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Masui"> Toshihiko Masui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The penetration of EV (electric vehicle) technology in Lao road transportation, in this study, was analyzed by using the AIM/CGE [Laos] model. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was developed by the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) team. In line with the increase of the number of road vehicles, the energy demand in the transport sector has been gradually increased which resulted in a large amount of budget spent for importing fossil fuels during the last decade, and a high carbon dioxide emission from the transport sector, hence the aim of this research is to analyze the impact of EVs penetration on economic and CO₂ emission in short-term, middle-term, and long-term. By the year 2050, the expected gross domestic product (GDP) value, due to Laos will spend more budget for importing the EV, will be gradually lost up to one percent. The cumulative CO₂ emission from 2020 to 2050 in BAU case will be 12,000 GgCO₂eq, and those in the EV mitigation case will be 9,300 GgCO₂eq, which accounting for likely 77% cumulative CO₂ emission reduction in the road transport sector by introducing the EV technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title="GDP">GDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20mitigation" title=" CO₂ mitigation"> CO₂ mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CGE%20model" title=" CGE model"> CGE model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EV%20technology" title=" EV technology"> EV technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127559/scenario-based-analysis-of-electric-vehicle-penetration-in-road-transportation-in-laos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2955</span> Exploring the Relationship between Building Construction Activity and Road-Related Expenditure in Victoria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Aftabuzzaman">Md. Aftabuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Kamruzzaman"> Md. Kamruzzaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road-related expenditure and building construction activity are two significant drivers of the Victorian economy. This paper investigates the relationship between building construction activity and road-related expenditure. Data for construction activities were collected from Victorian Building Authority, and road-related expenditure data were explored by the Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics. The trend between these two sectors was compared. The analysis found a strong relationship between road-related expenditure and the volume of construction activity, i.e., the more construction activities, the greater the requirement of road-related expenditure, or vice-versa. The road-related expenditure has a two-year lag period, suggesting that the road sector requires two years to respond to the growth in the building sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20construction%20activity" title="building construction activity">building construction activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20expenditure" title=" road expenditure"> road expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victorian%20Building%20Authority" title=" Victorian Building Authority"> Victorian Building Authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151164/exploring-the-relationship-between-building-construction-activity-and-road-related-expenditure-in-victoria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2954</span> Strategic Thinking to Enhance Critical Transport Infrastructure and Build Resilience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayantha%20Withanaarachchi">Jayantha Withanaarachchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujeeva%20Setunge"> Sujeeva Setunge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Moridpour"> Sara Moridpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gaps in strategic thinking and planning lead to critical transport infrastructure resilience. These gaps in strategic transport and land use development planning have an impact on communities and cities. Natural and man-induced disasters can be catastrophic to communities. After a disaster, many types of critical infrastructure, including transport infrastructure gets un-usable or gets damaged. This paper examines strategic thinking behind the resilience and protection of Critical Transport Infrastructure (CI) within transport networks by investigating the impact of disasters such as bushfires, hurricanes and earthquakes. A detailed analysis of three case studies have been conducted to identify the gaps in strategic transport planning and strategic decision making processes required to mitigate the impacts of disasters. Case studies will be analysed to identify existing gaps in road design, transport planning and decision making. This paper examines the effect of road designing, transport corridors and decision making during transport planning stages and how it impacts transport infrastructure as well as community resilience. A set of recommendations to overcome the shortcomings of existing strategic planning and designing process are presented. This research paper reviews transport infrastructure planning issues and presents the common approach suitable for future strategic thinking and planning which could be adopted in practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20resilience" title="community resilience">community resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making "> decision making </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20resilience" title=" infrastructure resilience"> infrastructure resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20transport%20planning" title=" strategic transport planning"> strategic transport planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20infrastructure" title=" transport infrastructure"> transport infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82866/strategic-thinking-to-enhance-critical-transport-infrastructure-and-build-resilience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2953</span> Public Transport Assignment at Adama City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selamawit%20Mulubrhan%20Gidey">Selamawit Mulubrhan Gidey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adama city, having an area of 29.86 km2, is one of the main cities in Ethiopia experiencing rapid growth in business and construction activities which in turn with an increasing number of vehicles at an alarming rate. For this reason, currently, there is an attempt to develop public transport assignment modeling in the city. Still, there is a huge gap in developing public transport assignments along the road segments of the city with operational and safety performance due to high traffic volume. Thus, the introduction of public transport assignment modeling in Adama City can have a massive impact on the road safety and capacity problem in the city. City transport modeling is important in city transportation planning, particularly in overcoming existing transportation problems such as traffic congestion. In this study, the Adama City transportation model was developed using the PTV VISUM software, whose transportation modeling is based on the four-step model of transportation. Based on the traffic volume data fed and simulated, the result of the study shows that the developed model has better reliability in representing the traffic congestion conditions in Adama city, and the simulation clearly indicates the level of congestion of each route selected and thus, the city road administrative office can take managerial decisions on public transport assignment so as to overcome traffic congestion executed along the selected routes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trip%20modelling" title="trip modelling">trip modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTV%20VISUM" title=" PTV VISUM"> PTV VISUM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport%20assignment" title=" public transport assignment"> public transport assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187078/public-transport-assignment-at-adama-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2952</span> Climate Impact-Minimizing Road Infrastructure Layout for Growing Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislovas%20Buteliauskas">Stanislovas Buteliauskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Au%C5%A1rius%20Juozapavi%C4%8Dius"> Aušrius Juozapavičius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> City road transport contributes significantly to climate change, and the ongoing world urbanization is only increasing the problem. The paper describes a city planning concept minimizing the number of vehicles on the roads while increasing overall mobility. This becomes possible by utilizing a recently invented two-level road junction with a unique property of serving both as an intersection of uninterrupted traffic and an easily accessible transport hub capable of accumulating private vehicles, and therefore becoming an especially effective park-and-ride solution, and a logistics or business center. Optimized layouts of city road infrastructure, living and work areas, and major roads are presented. The layouts are suitable both for the development of new cities as well as for the expansion of existing ones. Costs of the infrastructure and a positive impact on climate are evaluated in comparison to current city growth patterns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20infrastructure" title=" city infrastructure"> city infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=park-and-ride" title=" park-and-ride"> park-and-ride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20junctions" title=" road junctions"> road junctions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57643/climate-impact-minimizing-road-infrastructure-layout-for-growing-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2951</span> Comparison of Noise Emissions in the Interior of Passenger Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kendra">Martin Kendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Skrucany"> Tomas Skrucany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Masek"> Jaroslav Masek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The noise is one of the negative elements influencing the human health. This article is due to the measurement of noise emitted by road vehicle and its parts during the operation. Measurement was done in the interior of common passenger cars with a digital sound meter. The results compare the noise value in different cars with different body shape, which influences the driver’s health. Transport has considerable ecological effects, many of them detrimental to environmental sustainability. Roads and traffic exert a variety of direct and mostly detrimental effects on nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver" title="driver">driver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20measurement" title=" noise measurement"> noise measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passenger%20road%20vehicle" title=" passenger road vehicle"> passenger road vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport" title=" road transport"> road transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40250/comparison-of-noise-emissions-in-the-interior-of-passenger-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2950</span> Energy Consumption and GHG Production in Railway and Road Passenger Regional Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kendra">Martin Kendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Skrucany"> Tomas Skrucany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Gnap"> Jozef Gnap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Ponicky"> Jan Ponicky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper deals with the modeling and simulation of energy consumption and GHG production of two different modes of regional passenger transport – road and railway. These two transport modes use the same type of fuel – diesel. Modeling and simulation of the energy consumption in transport is often used due to calculation satisfactory accuracy and cost efficiency. Paper deals with the calculation based on EN standards and information collected from technical information from vehicle producers and characteristics of tracks. Calculation included maximal theoretical capacity of bus and train and real passenger’s measurement from operation. Final energy consumption and GHG production is calculated by using software simulation. In evaluation of the simulation is used system ‘well to wheel’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus" title="bus">bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20energy" title=" consumption energy"> consumption energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG" title=" GHG"> GHG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train" title=" train"> train</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40249/energy-consumption-and-ghg-production-in-railway-and-road-passenger-regional-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2949</span> Optimizing the Location of Parking Areas Adapted for Dangerous Goods in the European Road Transport Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Dolores%20Caro">María Dolores Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenio%20M.%20Fedriani"> Eugenio M. Fedriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81ngel%20F.%20Tenorio"> Ángel F. Tenorio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transportation of dangerous goods by lorries throughout Europe must be done by using the roads conforming the European Road Transport Network. In this network, there are several parking areas where lorry drivers can park to rest according to the regulations. According to the "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road", parking areas where lorries transporting dangerous goods can park to rest, must follow several security stipulations to keep safe the rest of road users. At this respect, these lorries must be parked in adapted areas with strict and permanent surveillance measures. Moreover, drivers must satisfy several restrictions about resting and driving time. Under these facts, one may expect that there exist enough parking areas for the transport of this type of goods in order to obey the regulations prescribed by the European Union and its member countries. However, the already-existing parking areas are not sufficient to cover all the stops required by drivers transporting dangerous goods. Our main goal is, starting from the already-existing parking areas and the loading-and-unloading location, to provide an optimal answer to the following question: how many additional parking areas must be built and where must they be located to assure that lorry drivers can transport dangerous goods following all the stipulations about security and safety for their stops? The sense of the word “optimal” is due to the fact that we give a global solution for the location of parking areas throughout the whole European Road Transport Network, adjusting the number of additional areas to be as lower as possible. To do so, we have modeled the problem using graph theory since we are working with a road network. As nodes, we have considered the locations of each already-existing parking area, each loading-and-unloading area each road bifurcation. Each road connecting two nodes is considered as an edge in the graph whose weight corresponds to the distance between both nodes in the edge. By applying a new efficient algorithm, we have found the additional nodes for the network representing the new parking areas adapted for dangerous goods, under the fact that the distance between two parking areas must be less than or equal to 400 km. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans-european%20transport%20network" title="trans-european transport network">trans-european transport network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dangerous%20goods" title=" dangerous goods"> dangerous goods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parking%20areas" title=" parking areas"> parking areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-based%20modeling" title=" graph-based modeling"> graph-based modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29859/optimizing-the-location-of-parking-areas-adapted-for-dangerous-goods-in-the-european-road-transport-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2948</span> The Effects of Logistical Centers Realization on Society and Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Dolinayova">Anna Dolinayova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Camaj"> Juraj Camaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Loch"> Martin Loch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Presently it is necessary to ensure the sustainable development of passenger and freight transport. Increasing performance of road freight have been a negative impact to environment and society. It is therefore necessary to increase the competitiveness of intermodal transport, which is more environmentally friendly. The study describe the effectiveness of logistical centers realization for companies and society and research how the partial internalization of external costs reflected in the efficient use of these centers and increase the competitiveness of intermodal transport to road freight. In our research, we use the method of comparative analysis and market research to describe the advantages of logistic centers for their users as well as for society as a whole. Method normal costing is used for calculation infrastructure and total costs, method of conversion costing for determine the external costs. We modelling of total society costs for road freight transport and inter modal transport chain (we assumed that most of the traffic is carried by rail) with different loading schemes for condition in the Slovak Republic. Our research has shown that higher utilization of inter modal transport chain do good not only for society, but for companies providing freight services too. Increase in use of inter modal transport chain can bring many benefits to society that do not bring direct immediate financial return. They often bring the multiplier effects, such as greater use of environmentally friendly transport mode and reduce the total society costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery%20time" title="delivery time">delivery time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy%20effectiveness" title=" economy effectiveness"> economy effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistical%20centers" title=" logistical centers"> logistical centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20efficiency" title=" ecological efficiency"> ecological efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24117/the-effects-of-logistical-centers-realization-on-society-and-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2947</span> Competitor Analysis to Quantify the Benefits and for Different Use of Transport Infrastructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20J.%20Dimitriou">Dimitrios J. Dimitriou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20F.%20Sartzetaki"> Maria F. Sartzetaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Different transportation modes have key operational advantages and disadvantages, providing a variety of different transport options to users and passengers. This paper reviews key variables for the competition between air transport and other transport modes. The aim of this paper is to review the competition between air transport and other transport modes, providing results in terms of perceived cost for the users, for destinations high competitiveness for all transport modes. The competitor analysis variables include the cost and time outputs for each transport option, highlighting the level of competitiveness on high demanded Origin-Destination corridors. The case study presents the output of a such analysis for the OD corridor in Greece that connects the Capital city (Athens) with the second largest city (Thessaloniki) and the different transport modes have been considered (air, train, road). Conventional wisdom is to present an easy to handle tool for planners, managers and decision makers towards pricing policy effectiveness and demand attractiveness, appropriate to use for other similar cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitor%20analysis" title="competitor analysis">competitor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20economics" title=" transport economics"> transport economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20generalized%20cost" title=" transport generalized cost"> transport generalized cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20modelling" title=" quantitative modelling"> quantitative modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80755/competitor-analysis-to-quantify-the-benefits-and-for-different-use-of-transport-infrastructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2946</span> Giving Right-of-Way to Emergency Ambulances: Attitude and Behavior of Road Users in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20T.%20Alwidyan">Mahmoud T. Alwidyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alrawashdeh"> Ahmad Alrawashdeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20O.%20Oteir"> Alaa O. Oteir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Emergency medical service (EMS) providers, oftentimes, use the lights and sirens (L&S) of their ambulances to warn road users, navigate through traffic, and expedite transport to save lives of ill and injured patients. Despite the contribution of road users in the effectiveness of reducing transport time of EMS ambulances using L&S, there is a lack of empirical assessments exploring the road user’s attitude and behavior in such situations. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the attitude and behavior of road users in response to EMS ambulances with warning L&S in use. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey developed and distributed to adult road users in Northern Jordan. The questionnaire included 20 items addressing demographics, attitudes, and behavior toward emergency ambulances. We described the participants’ responses and assessed the association between demographics and attitude statements using logistic regression. Results: A total of 1302 questionnaires were complete and appropriate for analysis. The mean age was 34.2 (SD± 11.4) years, and the majority were males (72.6%). About half of road users (47.9%) in our sample would perform inappropriate action in response to EMS ambulances with L&S in use. The multivariate logistic regression model show that being female (OR, 0.63; 95% CI = 0.48-0.81), more educated (OR, 0.68; 95% CI = 0.53-0.86), or public transport driver (OR, 0.55; 95% CI = 0.34-0.90) is significantly associated with inappropriate response to EMS ambulances. Additionally, a significant proportion of road users may perform inappropriate and lawless driving practices such as crossing red traffic lights or following the passing by EMS ambulances, which would, in turn, increase the risk on ambulances and other road users. Conclusions: A large proportion of road users in Jordan may respond inappropriately to the EMS ambulances, and many engage in risky driving behaviors due perhaps to the lack of procedural knowledge. Policy-related interventions and educational programs are crucially needed to increase public awareness of the traffic law concerning EMS ambulances and to enhance appropriate driving behavior, which, in turn, improves the efficiency of ambulance services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMS%20ambulances" title="EMS ambulances">EMS ambulances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lights%20and%20sirens" title=" lights and sirens"> lights and sirens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20users" title=" road users"> road users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude%20and%20behavior" title=" attitude and behavior"> attitude and behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154311/giving-right-of-way-to-emergency-ambulances-attitude-and-behavior-of-road-users-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2945</span> Stabilized Earth Roads Construction and Its Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Nikgoo">Mokhtar Nikgoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road definition and road construction: in engineering literature, a road is defined as a means of communication between two different places by air, land, and sea. In this way, all sea, land, and air routes are considered as roads. Road construction is an operation to create a road on the ground between 2 points with a specified width, which includes works such as subgrade, paving, placing tables, and traffic signs on the road. In this article, the stages of road construction are explained from the beginning to the end. Road construction is generally done in the construction of rural, urban, and inter-city roads, and according to the special conditions of this area, the precision of engineers in its design and calculations is very important. For example, if the design of a road does not pay enough attention to the way the road curves, there will undoubtedly be countless accidents. Also, adjusting the road surface and its durability and uniformity are among the things that engineers solve according to the upcoming obstacles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title="road construction">road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveying" title=" surveying"> surveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeway" title=" freeway"> freeway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavator" title=" excavator"> excavator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173669/stabilized-earth-roads-construction-and-its-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2944</span> Life Cycle Assessment in Road Pavements: A Literature Review and the Potential Use in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Santos">B. V. Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20M.%20Carvalho"> M. T. M. Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20S.%20R%C3%AAgo"> J. H. S. Rêgo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents a literature review on recent advances related to studies of the environmental impact of road pavements, with reference to the concepts of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). An introduction with the main motivations for the development of the research is presented, with a current overview of the Brazilian transport infrastructure and the projections for the road mode for the coming years, and the possibility of using the referred methodology by the road sector in Brazil. The article explores the origin of LCA in road pavements and the details linked to its implementation from the perspective of the four main phases of the study (goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation). Finally, the main advances and deficiencies observed in the selected studies are gathered, with the proposition of research fields that can be explored in future national or international studies of LCA of road pavements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pavements" title=" road pavements"> road pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164000/life-cycle-assessment-in-road-pavements-a-literature-review-and-the-potential-use-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2943</span> Providing a Road Pricing and Toll Allocation Method for Toll Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Babaei">Ali Babaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a worldwide growing tendency toward construction of infrastructures with the possibility of private sector participation instead of free exploitation of public infrastructures. The construction and development of roads through private sector participation is performed by different countries because of appropriate results and benefits such as compensation of public budget deficit in road construction and maintenance and responding to traffic growth (demand). Toll is the most definite form of budget provision in road development. There are two issues in the toll rate assignment: A. costing of transport, B. Cost allocation and distribution of cost between different types of vehicles as each vehicle pay its own share. There can be different goals in toll collection and its extent is variable according to the strategy of toll collection. Costing principles in different countries are based on inclusion of the whole transport and not peculiar to the toll roads. For example, fuel tax policy functions where the road network users pay transportation cost (not just users of toll road). Whereas transportation infrastructures in Iran are free, these methods are not applicable. In Iran, different toll freeways have built by public investment and government provides participation in the road construction through encouragement of financial institutions. In this paper, the existing policies about the toll roads are studied and then the appropriate method of costing and cost allocation to different vehicles is introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20allocation" title="toll allocation">toll allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pricing" title=" road pricing"> road pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20and%20industrial%20systems" title=" financial and industrial systems"> financial and industrial systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827/providing-a-road-pricing-and-toll-allocation-method-for-toll-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2942</span> Improving the Quality of Transport Management Services with Fuzzy Signatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Csaba%20I.%20Hencz">Csaba I. Hencz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Istv%C3%A1n%20%C3%81.%20Harmati"> István Á. Harmati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays the significance of road transport is gradually increasing. All transport companies are working in the same external environment where the speed of transport is defined by traffic rules. The main objective is to accelerate the speed of service and it is only dependent on the individual abilities of the managing members. These operational control units make decisions quickly (in a typically experiential and/or intuitive way). For this reason, support for these decisions is an important task. Our goal is to create a decision support model based on fuzzy signatures that can assist the work of operational management automatically. If the model sets parameters properly, the management of transport could be more economical and efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freight%20transport" title="freight transport">freight transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support" title=" decision support"> decision support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20handling" title=" information handling"> information handling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20methods" title=" fuzzy methods"> fuzzy methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70054/improving-the-quality-of-transport-management-services-with-fuzzy-signatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2941</span> The Impact of Milk Transport on Its Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urszula%20Malaga-Tobo%C5%82a">Urszula Malaga-Toboła</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Guga%C5%82a"> Marek Gugała</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%C5%82%20Kornas"> Rafał Kornas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Rusinek"> Robert Rusinek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Gancarz"> Marek Gancarz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work focused on presenting the elements that determine the quality of fresh milk in the context of the quality of its transport. The quality of the raw material depends on the quality of transport. Milk transport involves many activities in which, apart from the temperature and sterility of the means of transport, it is important not to expose the raw material to shocks. Recently, there have been changes in the milk supply chain, thus affecting the logistics processes between its links. Based on the conducted research and analyses, it was found that the condition of the road surface on which milk is transported affects its quality. For the T1 milk transport route- gravel roads of very poor and poor quality, the lowest number of bacteria and the highest number of somatic cells, fat content, and temperature of the transported milk were obtained. A well-organized integrated transport system is a real need for most companies today. The analysis showed significant differences in the quality of milk delivered to the dairy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20milk" title="fresh milk">fresh milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20quality" title=" milk quality"> milk quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy" title=" dairy"> dairy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181444/the-impact-of-milk-transport-on-its-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2940</span> Traffic Congestion Analysis and Modeling for Urban Roads of Srinagar City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinarayana%20Badveeti">Adinarayana Badveeti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Shafi%20Mir"> Mohammad Shafi Mir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Srinagar City, in India, traffic congestion is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. Traffic congestion is conventionally measured using indicators such as roadway level-of-service, the Travel Time Index and their variants. Several measures have been taken in order to counteract congestion like road pricing, car pooling, improved traffic management, etc. While new road construction can temporarily relieve congestion in the longer term, it simply encourages further growth in car traffic through increased travel and a switch away from public transport. The full paper report, on which this abstract is based, aims to provide policymakers and technical staff with the real-time data, conceptual framework and guidance on some of the engineering tools necessary to manage congestion in such a way as to reduce its overall impact on individuals, families, communities, and societies dynamic, affordable, liveable and attractive urban regions will never be free of congestion. Road transport policies, however, should seek to manage congestion on a cost-effective basis with the aim of reducing the burden that excessive congestion imposes upon travellers and urban dwellers throughout the urban road network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20congestion" title="traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20management" title=" traffic management"> traffic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20time%20index" title=" travel time index"> travel time index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82508/traffic-congestion-analysis-and-modeling-for-urban-roads-of-srinagar-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2939</span> Heuristic Approaches for Injury Reductions by Reduced Car Use in Urban Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stig%20H.%20J%C3%B8rgensen">Stig H. Jørgensen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trond%20Nordfj%C3%A6rn"> Trond Nordfjærn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%98yvind%20Teige%20Hedenstr%C3%B8m"> Øyvind Teige Hedenstrøm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torbj%C3%B8rn%20Rundmo"> Torbjørn Rundmo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to estimate and forecast road traffic injuries in the coming 10-15 years given new targets in urban transport policy and shifts of mode of transport, including injury cross-effects of mode changes. The paper discusses possibilities and limitations in measuring and quantifying possible injury reductions. Injury data (killed and seriously injured road users) from six urban areas in Norway from 1998-2012 (N= 4709 casualties) form the basis for estimates of changing injury patterns. For the coming period calculation of number of injuries and injury rates by type of road user (categories of motorized versus non-motorized) by sex, age and type of road are made. A prognosticated population increase (25 %) in total population within 2025 in the six urban areas will curb the proceeded fall in injury figures. However, policy strategies and measures geared towards a stronger modal shift from use of private vehicles to safer public transport (bus, train) will modify this effect. On the other side will door to door transport (pedestrians on their way to/from public transport nodes) imply a higher exposure for pedestrians (bikers) converting from private vehicle use (including fall accidents not registered as traffic accidents). The overall effect is the sum of these modal shifts in the increasing urban population and in addition diminishing return to the majority of road safety countermeasures has also to be taken into account. The paper demonstrates how uncertainties in the various estimates (prediction factors) on increasing injuries as well as decreasing injury figures may partly offset each other. The paper discusses road safety policy and welfare consequences of transport mode shift, including reduced use of private vehicles, and further environmental impacts. In this regard, safety and environmental issues will as a rule concur. However pursuing environmental goals (e.g. improved air quality, reduced co2 emissions) encouraging more biking may generate more biking injuries. The study was given financial grants from the Norwegian Research Council’s Transport Safety Program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20injuries" title="road injuries">road injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20private%20care%20use" title=" reduced private care use"> reduced private care use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norway" title=" Norway"> Norway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9537/heuristic-approaches-for-injury-reductions-by-reduced-car-use-in-urban-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2938</span> Proposal of Commutation Protocol in Hybrid Sensors and Vehicular Networks for Intelligent Transport Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Bensiradj">Taha Bensiradj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Moussaoui"> Samira Moussaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid Sensors and Vehicular Networks (HSVN), represent a hybrid network, which uses several generations of Ad-Hoc networks. It is used especially in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The HSVN allows making collaboration between the Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) deployed on the border of the road and the Vehicular Network (VANET). This collaboration is defined by messages exchanged between the two networks for the purpose to inform the drivers about the state of the road, provide road safety information and more information about traffic on the road. Moreover, this collaboration created by HSVN, also allows the use of a network and the advantage of improving another network. For example, the dissemination of information between the sensors quickly decreases its energy, and therefore, we can use vehicles that do not have energy constraint to disseminate the information between sensors. On the other hand, to solve the disconnection problem in VANET, the sensors can be used as gateways that allow sending the messages received by one vehicle to another. However, because of the short communication range of the sensor and its low capacity of storage and processing of data, it is difficult to ensure the exchange of road messages between it and the vehicle, which can be moving at high speed at the time of exchange. This represents the time where the vehicle is in communication range with the sensor. This work is the proposition of a communication protocol between the sensors and the vehicle used in HSVN. The latter has as the purpose to ensure the exchange of road messages in the available time of exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSVN" title="HSVN">HSVN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title=" ITS"> ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VANET" title=" VANET"> VANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54397/proposal-of-commutation-protocol-in-hybrid-sensors-and-vehicular-networks-for-intelligent-transport-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2937</span> Urban Road Network Connectivity and Accessibility Analysis Using RS and GIS: A Case Study of Chandannagar City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joy%20Ghosh">Joy Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debasmita%20Biswas"> Debasmita Biswas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The road network of any area is the most important indicator of regional planning. For proper utilization of urban road networks, the structural parameters such as connectivity and accessibility should be analyzed and evaluated. This paper aims to explain the application of GIS on urban road network connectivity and accessibility analysis with a case study of Chandannagar City. This paper has been made to analyze the road network connectivity through various connectivity measurements like the total number of nodes and links, Cyclomatic Number, Alpha Index, Beta Index, Gamma index, Eta index, Pi index, Theta Index, and Aggregated Transport Score, Road Density based on existing road network in Chandannagar city in India. Accessibility is measured through the shortest Path Matrix, associate Number, and Shimbel Index. Various urban services, such as schools, banks, Hospitals, petrol pumps, ATMs, police stations, theatres, parks, etc., are considered for the accessibility analysis for each ward. This paper also highlights the relationship between urban land use/ land cover (LULC) and urban road network and population density using various spatial and statistical measurements. The datasets were collected through a field survey of 33 wards of the Chandannagar Municipal Corporation area, and the secondary data were collected through an open street map and satellite image of LANDSAT8 OLI & TIRS from USGS. Chandannagar was actually once a French colony, and at that time, various sort of planning was applied, but now Chandannagar city continues to grow haphazardly because that city is facing some problems; the knowledge gained from this paper helps to create a more efficient and accessible road network. Therefore, it would be suggested that some wards need to improve their connectivity and accessibility for the future growth and development of Chandannagar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20network" title=" road network"> road network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181235/urban-road-network-connectivity-and-accessibility-analysis-using-rs-and-gis-a-case-study-of-chandannagar-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2936</span> Supporting Densification through the Planning and Implementation of Road Infrastructure in the South African Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Govender">K. Govender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sinclair"> M. Sinclair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper demonstrates a proof of concept whereby shorter trips and land use densification can be promoted through an alternative approach to planning and implementation of road infrastructure in the South African context. It briefly discusses how the development of the Compact City concept relies on a combination of promoting shorter trips and densification through a change in focus in road infrastructure provision. The methodology developed in this paper uses a traffic model to test the impact of synthesized deterrence functions on congestion locations in the road network through the assignment of traffic on the study network. The results from this study demonstrate that intelligent planning of road infrastructure can indeed promote reduced urban sprawl, increased residential density and mixed-use areas which are supported by an efficient public transport system; and reduced dependence on the freeway network with a fixed road infrastructure budget. The study has resonance for all cities where urban sprawl is seemingly unstoppable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20cities" title="compact cities">compact cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=densification" title=" densification"> densification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20infrastructure%20planning" title=" road infrastructure planning"> road infrastructure planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20modelling" title=" transportation modelling"> transportation modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114424/supporting-densification-through-the-planning-and-implementation-of-road-infrastructure-in-the-south-african-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2935</span> Assessment of Intra-City Road Infrastructure in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aruna%20Kemisola%20Kehinde">Aruna Kemisola Kehinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyinloye%20Michael%20Ajide"> Oyinloye Michael Ajide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboluje%20Oluwafemi%20Bolarinwa"> Aboluje Oluwafemi Bolarinwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the nation's overall growth is directly impacted by the vital substructure of the transportation system. The majority of developing countries experience issues with road transportation, including limited and low-quality infrastructure. The study assessed intra-city road infrastructure in Ado-Ekiti with a view to identifying its adequacy and functionality for efficient transport in the town. To this end, the study examined the locations of the road infrastructure, characteristics of the road infrastructure, and condition of the road infrastructure. A systematic random sampling method was adopted to select respondents for the study. Data were sourced from both primary and secondary sources. A 2.5% of 20,160 households, amounting to 503 households, was used as the sample size. Data analysis was based on responses from 500 questionnaires retrieved, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that based on the locations of road infrastructure, disparity exists in the distribution of infrastructure amongst the major roads. Inferences from the results gathered also demonstrated that the infrastructure that is available is very much less than the non-available infrastructure. About 50% of the respondents are satisfied that the condition of road infrastructure in Ado-Ekiti is fair. The study's recommendations for the Ekiti state government include quantifying the number of existing road infrastructure, establishing a state maintenance board to expedite their renovation, and diversifying its goals for providing road infrastructure through public-private partnership (PPP) agreements with the private sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transportation" title="road transportation">road transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-city" title=" intra-city"> intra-city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187409/assessment-of-intra-city-road-infrastructure-in-ado-ekiti-ekiti-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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