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Parklek – Wikipedia

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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&amp;returnto=Parklek" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&amp;returnto=Parklek" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg/250px-Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg/375px-Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg/500px-Stora_Blecktornsparken_Stockholm_2006-05-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>En parklek i <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Parkleken_1975b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Parkleken_1975b.jpg/250px-Parkleken_1975b.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Parkleken_1975b.jpg/375px-Parkleken_1975b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Parkleken_1975b.jpg/500px-Parkleken_1975b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1948" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>En parklek på 1970-talet i <a href="/wiki/Skarpn%C3%A4cks_g%C3%A5rd_(stadsdel)" title="Skarpnäcks gård (stadsdel)">Skarpnäck</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <b>parklek</b> är en av utbildad personal bemannad <a href="/wiki/Lekplats" title="Lekplats">lekplats</a>, ofta i en <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">park</a>. Om en parklek övergår till att vara obemannad, kallas den fortfarande ofta för en parklek. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historik">Historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De första parklekarna i Sverige startades som <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4lg%C3%B6renhet" title="Välgörenhet">välgörenhet</a>. Den allra första var förmodligen i <a href="/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping" title="Norrköping">Norrköping</a>, där en parklek öppnades 1914 på initiativ av <a href="/wiki/Maria_Moberg" title="Maria Moberg">Maria Moberg</a> (som tillsammans med systern <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Moberg" title="Ellen Moberg">Ellen</a> också startade landets första lekskola – <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a> – redan 1899).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den första större satsningen på parklekar kom två år senare, 1916, i Stockholm. Journalisten <a href="/wiki/Gerda_Marcus" title="Gerda Marcus">Gerda Marcus</a> såg hur många barn sprang omkring på stans gårdar och gator medan föräldrarna arbetade, och hur de blev lätta byten för vuxna som utnyttjar barn. Ett av hennes sociala projekt på Svenska Dagbladet blev att tidningen startade parklek med anställda parktanter i Vasaparken. Redan första dagen, den 14 maj 1916, samlades 100 småbarn i parkleken. </p><p>Med hjälp av läsarnas bidrag startade Svenska Dagbladet samma sommar liknande verksamheter på Kungsholmen, i Tantolunden, Vitabergsparken och flera andra parker i Stockholm. I maj varje år följde Gerda Marcus sedan upp satsningen med fortsatta artiklar, och skrev bland annat också om parklekar i Malmö och Norrköping.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den moderna parkleken, med kommunalt anställd personal, introducerades i <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> av <a href="/wiki/Stadstr%C3%A4dg%C3%A5rdsm%C3%A4stare" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadsträdgårdsmästare">stadsträdgårdsmästaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Osvald_Almqvist" title="Osvald Almqvist">Osvald Almqvist</a>. Första Parkleken provades 1936 i <a href="/wiki/Observatorielunden" title="Observatorielunden">Observatorielunden</a> och i <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rns_tr%C3%A4dg%C3%A5rd" title="Björns trädgård">Björns trädgård</a> med stor framgång och redan två år senare fanns Parkleken i ytterligare 14 parker i Stockholm.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Almqvists och särskilt <a href="/wiki/Holger_Blom" title="Holger Blom">Holger Bloms</a> och <a href="/wiki/Erik_Glemme" title="Erik Glemme">Erik Glemmes</a> tid tillkom allt fler bemannade lekplatser, alltså lek under uppsikt av skolad personal, som inte skulle bevaka barnen utan stimulera dem. </p><p>Från och med 1940 omfattade Parkleken även vinterhalvåret. 1970 hade Parkleken i Stockholm 142 fast anställda lekledare och totalt 385 medarbetare.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I många kommuner ställde man ut specialbyggda hus med leksaker som, då parkleken var bemannad, lånades ut till besökare. </p><p>År 1980 fanns som mest 200 bemannade parklekar i Stockholm. Två av tre parklekar har lagts ned sedan dess och år 2008 fanns bara 54 stycken kvar. Fram till 1980-talet skulle varje barn i Stockholm ha maximalt 50 meter från porten till en småbarnslekplats och 500 meter till en bemannad parklek. Avståndsregeln 500 meter är numera ändrad till 1 000 meter.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parker_i_Stockholm" title="Parker i Stockholm">Parker i Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkteatern" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkteatern">Parkteatern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholmsstilen" title="Stockholmsstilen">Stockholmsstilen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://norrkopingprojekt.wordpress.com/kuriosa/norrkoping-starten-for-sveriges-forsta-kindergarten/">Norrköping – starten för Sveriges första kindergarten. Barnomsorgens start och historia.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Kaijser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva Kaijser [inte skriven än]">Eva Kaijser</a>: Gerda Marcus – från ord till handling. Den ”stora tiggerskan” på Svenska Dagbladet, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presshistorisk_%C3%A5rsbok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Presshistorisk årsbok [inte skriven än]">Presshistorisk årsbok</a> 2009, utgiven av <a href="/wiki/Svensk_Presshistorisk_F%C3%B6rening" class="mw-redirect" title="Svensk Presshistorisk Förening">Svensk Presshistorisk Förening</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Asker (1986), sida 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Asker (1986), sida 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120525161204/http://alarmsthlm.com/2008/11/04/stoppa-utforsaljningen-av-vara-parklekar/">Uppgift enligt Alarm Stockholm</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tryckta_källor"><span id="Tryckta_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Tryckta källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tryckta källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parklek&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tryckta källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFAsker1986">Asker, Bertil&#32;(1986).&#32;<i><span>Stockholms parker&#160;: innerstaden</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Monografier_utgivna_av_Stockholms_stad" class="mw-redirect" title="Monografier utgivna av Stockholms stad">Monografier utgivna av Stockholms stad</a>, Stockholms tekniska historia 2&#32;(1). <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liber_(bokf%C3%B6rlag)" title="Liber (bokförlag)">Liber Förlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/513277">513277</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-38-90732-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-38-90732-1">ISBN 91-38-90732-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Stockholms+parker+%3A+innerstaden&amp;rft.aulast=Asker&amp;rft.aufirst=Bertil&amp;rft.au=Asker%2C+Bertil&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.series=%5B%5BMonografier+utgivna+av+Stockholms+stad%5D%5D%2C+Stockholms+tekniska+historia+2&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.place=%5B%5BStockholm%5D%5D&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BLiber+%28bokf%C3%B6rlag%29%7CLiber+F%C3%B6rlag%5D%5D&amp;rft.isbn=91-38-90732-1&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Parklek"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLindberg1991">Lindberg, Moje&#32;(1991).&#32;<i><span>90 års barnomsorg 1874-1964: en utvecklingsstudie</span></i>. Norrköping: Institutionen för förskollärarutbildning, Univ. i Linköping. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/1271708">1271708</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-630-1033-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-630-1033-X">ISBN 91-630-1033-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=90+%C3%A5rs+barnomsorg+1874-1964%3A+en+utvecklingsstudie&amp;rft.aulast=Lindberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Moje&amp;rft.au=Lindberg%2C+Moje&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.place=Norrk%C3%B6ping&amp;rft.pub=Institutionen+f%C3%B6r+f%C3%B6rskoll%C3%A4rarutbildning%2C+Univ.+i+Link%C3%B6ping&amp;rft.isbn=91-630-1033-X&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Parklek"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐594d4bbbb‐j4lmr Cached time: 20241102002648 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.077 seconds Real time usage: 0.247 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1603/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10548/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2969/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2378/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.005/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 635801/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 55.892 1 -total 93.12% 52.049 2 Mall:Bokref 88.03% 49.204 2 Mall:Cite_book 85.94% 48.036 1 Mall:Bokref/Bertil_Asker/1986 81.20% 45.387 2 Mall:Citation/core 10.78% 6.023 2 Mall:ISBN 4.68% 2.614 2 Mall:Libris_post 3.98% 2.226 2 Mall:Italiclink --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key svwiki:pcache:idhash:531053-0!canonical and timestamp 20241102002648 and revision id 52661486. 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