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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Popular religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B8%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%96%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ሸንኖንግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሸንኖንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEn-l%C3%B4ng" title="Sîn-lông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sîn-lông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0en-nung" title="Šen-nung – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šen-nung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شن‌نونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شن‌نونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%80n-n%C3%B9ng" title="Sṳ̀n-nùng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ̀n-nùng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%86%8D" title="신농 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신농" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="שנונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinnungus" title="Xinnungus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xinnungus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0enongas" title="Šenongas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šenongas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen-nung" title="Sen-nung – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sen-nung" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Шенунг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шенунг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯣꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯣꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%BE%B2" title="神農 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神農" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шэнь-нун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шэнь-нун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ennong" title="Šennong – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šennong" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Шенонг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шенонг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%87" title="เฉินหนง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฉินหนง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shennong" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шень-нун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шень-нун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7n_N%C3%B4ng" title="Thần Nông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thần Nông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%BE%B2" title="神農 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="神農" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C%E6%B0%8F" title="神农氏 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="神农氏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%BE%B2" title="神農 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="神農" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C" title="神农 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="神农" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q313336#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shennong" title="View the content page [c]" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legendary Chinese ancestral deity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shennong_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shennong (disambiguation)">Shennong (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Shennong <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">神農</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yan Emperor</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%282%29.jpg/220px-Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%282%29.jpg/330px-Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%282%29.jpg/440px-Guo_Xu_album_dated_1503_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2405" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Shennong as depicted in a 1503 painting<br />by Guo Xu</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Linkui</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C4%81ng_(surname_%E5%A7%9C)" title="Jiāng (surname 姜)">Jiang</a> Shinian (姜石年)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Linkui</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shaodian" title="Shaodian">Shaodian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Nüdeng</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de"><b>Shennong</b></th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%BE%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:神農">神農</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:神农">神农</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Divine Farmer/Husbandman"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shénnóng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shen<sup>2</sup>-nung<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂə̌n.nʊ̌ŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Sṳ̀n-nùng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Sàhn-nùhng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">San4-nung4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sɐn˩.nʊŋ˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Sîn-lông</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Vietnamese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thần Nông</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">Chữ Hán</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">神農</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">신농</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">神農</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">Sinnong</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Japanese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">神農</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ja-Latn">Shin'nō</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shennong2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shennong2.jpg/170px-Shennong2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shennong2.jpg/255px-Shennong2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shennong2.jpg/340px-Shennong2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Shennong <a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yan Emperor</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">炎帝</span></span>) is well known as the first Emperor of Ancient China, who not only invented the farming tools for his people, but also herbs for treating his people's illnesses. Depicted in a mural painting from the Han dynasty.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Shennong</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">神農</span></span>), variously translated as "Divine Farmer"<sup id="cite_ref-:122_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Divine Husbandman", born <b>Jiang Shinian</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">姜石年</span></span>), was a mythological <a href="/wiki/Chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">Chinese ruler</a> known as the first <a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yan Emperor</a> who has become a deity in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a>. He is venerated as a <a href="/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero">culture hero</a> in China and Vietnam. In Vietnamese, he is referred to as <b>Thần Nông</b>. </p><p>Shennong has at times been counted amongst the <a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Three Sovereigns</a> (also known as "Three Kings" or "Three Patrons"), a group of ancient deities or deified kings of prehistoric China. Shennong has been thought to have taught the ancient Chinese not only their practices of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:122_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also the use of herbal medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie197587_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie197587-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shennong was credited with various inventions: these include the <a href="/wiki/Hoe_(tool)" title="Hoe (tool)">hoe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:122_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plow" class="mw-redirect" title="Plow">plow</a><sup id="cite_ref-:122_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (both <i>leisi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">耒耜</span></span>) style and the <a href="/wiki/Plowshare" title="Plowshare">plowshare</a>), <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a>, digging <a href="/wiki/Water_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Water well">wells</a>, agricultural irrigation, preserving stored seeds by using boiled horse urine (to ward off the borers), <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:122_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commerce,<sup id="cite_ref-:122_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a>, the weekly <a href="/wiki/Farmers_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers market">farmers market</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a> (especially the division into the 24 <i><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">jieqi</a></i> or solar terms), and to have refined the therapeutic understanding of taking pulse measurements, <a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">acupuncture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">moxibustion</a>, and to have instituted the <a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">harvest thanksgiving</a> ceremony (<i>zhaji (蜡祭)</i> sacrificial rite, later known as the <i>laji (腊祭)</i> rite).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005190–199_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005190–199-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Shennong" can also be taken to refer to his people, the <i>Shennong-shi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%BE%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:神農">神農</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:氏">氏</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shénnóngshì</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Shennong Clan'). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese mythology</a>, Shennong taught humans the use of the plow, aspects of basic agriculture, and the use of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>. Possibly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yan Emperor</a> mythos or the use of <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a> agriculture,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie197590_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie197590-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shennong was a god of burning wind. He was also sometimes said to be a progenitor to, or to have had as one of his ministers, <a href="/wiki/Chiyou" title="Chiyou">Chiyou</a> (and like him, was <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a>-headed, sharp-horned, bronze-foreheaded, and iron-skulled).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie197590_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie197590-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shennong is also thought to be the father of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Huang Emperor</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黃帝</span></span>) who carried on the secrets of medicine, immortality, and making gold.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1975116–117_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1975116–117-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the eighth century AD historian <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhen" title="Sima Zhen">Sima Zhen</a>'s commentary to the second century BC <a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Shiji</a> (or, <i>Records of the Grand Historian</i>), Shennong is a kinsman of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a> and is said to be an <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestor</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a>, of the ancient forebears of the Chinese. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, Shennong was thought to have existed within it by some "ancient Chinese historians" and religious practitioners as the "deified" form<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of "mythical wise king" <a href="/wiki/Hou_Ji" title="Hou Ji">Hou Ji</a><sup id="cite_ref-:42_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who founded the Zhou.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an alternative to this view, Shennong was also thought of in the era of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Schools_of_Thought" title="Hundred Schools of Thought">Hundred Schools of Thought</a> as a culture hero rather than a god, but one with a supernatural digestive system who ate a specimen of every single plant that existed in the time of the Hundred Schools to find which ones were edible by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the third century BCE, during times of political crisis and expansionism and wars among Chinese kingdoms, Shennong received new myths about his status as an ideal prehistoric ruler who valued laborers and farmers and "ruled without ministers, laws or punishments."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">司馬遷</span></span>) mentioned that the rulers directly preceding the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a> were of the house (or societal group) of Shennong.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhen" title="Sima Zhen">Sima Zhen</a>, who added a prologue for the <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">史記</span></span>), said his surname was <a href="/wiki/Jiang_(surname)" title="Jiang (surname)">Jiang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">姜</span></span>), and proceeded to list his successors. An older and more famous reference is in the <i><a href="/wiki/Huainanzi" title="Huainanzi">Huainanzi</a></i>; it tells how, prior to Shennong, people were sickly, wanting, starved and diseased; but he then taught them agriculture, which he himself had researched, eating hundreds of plants — and even consuming seventy poisons in one day.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shennong also features in the book popularly known in English as <i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i>. Here, he is referenced as coming to power after the end of the house (or reign) of <a href="/wiki/Paoxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paoxi">Paoxi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fu_Xi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Xi">Fu Xi</a>), also inventing a bent-wood plow, a cut-wood rake, teaching these skills to others, and establishing a noonday market.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reference is in the <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshi_Chunqiu" title="Lüshi Chunqiu">Lüshi Chunqiu</a></i>, mentioning some violence with regard to the rise of the Shennong house, and that their power lasted seventeen generations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1975141_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1975141-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%A9nn%C3%B3ng_B%C4%9Bn_C%C7%8Eo_J%C4%ABng" class="mw-redirect" title="Shénnóng Běn Cǎo Jīng">Shénnóng Běn Cǎo Jīng</a></i> is a book on agriculture and medicinal plants, attributed to Shennong. Research suggests that it is a compilation of oral traditions, written between about 200 and 250 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnschuld198617_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnschuld198617-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historicity">Historicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huang_Di.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Huang_Di.png/260px-Huang_Di.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Huang_Di.png/390px-Huang_Di.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Huang_Di.png/520px-Huang_Di.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Map of tribes and tribal unions in Ancient China. The tribe of Shennong is in the west.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reliable information on the history of China before the 13th century BC can come only from archaeological evidence because China's first established written system on a durable medium, the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">oracle bone script</a>, did not exist until then.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the concrete existence of even the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a>, said to be the successor to Shennong, is yet to be proven, despite efforts by Chinese archaeologists to link that dynasty with Bronze Age <a href="/wiki/Erlitou" class="mw-redirect" title="Erlitou">Erlitou</a> archaeological sites.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Shennong, both the individual and the clan, are very important in Chinese <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">cultural history</a>, especially in regards to <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>. Indeed, Shennong figures extensively in <a href="/wiki/History_of_literature" title="History of literature">historical literature</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_religion">Popular religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Popular religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:16.0em;border: 4px single #A12F25;border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #B1151D;"><span style="color:white">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_folk_religion" title="Category:Chinese folk religion"> <span style="color:White;">a series</span></a> on</span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #B1151D;;font-size:150%; color:#FFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion"><span style="color:White;">Chinese folk religion</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning "prosperity", "furthering", "welfare" and "son", "offspring". 字 zì, meaning "word" and "symbol", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a "son" enshrined under a "roof". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn."><img alt="Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning "prosperity", "furthering", "welfare" and "son", "offspring". 字 zì, meaning "word" and "symbol", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a "son" enshrined under a "roof". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/75px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/113px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/150px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a>—<a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ling_(Chinese_religion)" title="Ling (Chinese religion)">Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_ling_(religion)" title="Xian ling (religion)">Xian ling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">Yinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundun" title="Hundun">Hundun</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming_yun" title="Ming yun">Mingyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanfen" title="Yuanfen">Yuanfen</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao_ying" title="Bao ying">Baoying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(Chinese_religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu (Chinese religion)">Wu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese theology</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">Chinese gods and immortals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese mythology</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_creation_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese creation myth">Chinese creation myth</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_spiritual_world_concepts" title="Chinese spiritual world concepts">Chinese spiritual world concepts</a></li></ul> <p><b>Model humanity:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenren" title="Zhenren">Zhenren</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wen_and_wu" title="Wen and wu">Wen and wu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenxiang" title="Fenxiang">Fenxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxiang" title="Jingxiang">Jingxiang</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaohui" title="Miaohui">Miaohui</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(shaman)" title="Wu (shaman)">Wu shamanism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_(spirit_medium)" title="Tongji (spirit medium)">Jitong mediumship</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baojuan" title="Baojuan">Precious scrolls</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Institutions and temples</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associations_of_good-doing" title="Associations of good-doing">Associations of good-doing</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_lineage_associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese lineage associations">Lineage associations or churches</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese temple">Chinese temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">Ancestral shrine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Folk_Temples%27_Management_Association" title="Chinese Folk Temples' Management Association">Chinese Folk Temples' Association</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Festivals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingming_Festival" title="Qingming Festival">Qingming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival" title="Mid-Autumn Festival">Zhongqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Emperor_Gods_Festival" title="Nine Emperor Gods Festival">Jiuhuangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixi_Festival" title="Qixi Festival">Qixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanwu_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Duanwu Festival">Duanwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Nian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Internal traditions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Major cultural forms</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">Chinese ancestral religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_communal_deity_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese communal deity religion">Chinese communal deity religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_food_therapy" title="Chinese food therapy">Chinese food therapy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Chinese geomancy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mother_goddess_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese mother goddess worship">Chinese mother goddess worship</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_folk_religion" title="Northeast China folk religion">Northeast China folk religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Chinese Medicine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></li></ul> <p><b>Main philosophical traditions:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Confucian_ritual_religion" title="Confucian ritual religion">state rites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Other schools</a></li></ul> <p><b>Ritual traditions:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk ritual masters' orders</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_(spirit_medium)" title="Tongji (spirit medium)">Jitong mediumship</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo folk religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_shamanism" title="Chinese shamanism">Chinese shamanism</a></li></ul> <p><b>Devotional traditions:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazuism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazuism">Mazuism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ong_Yah" title="Ong Yah">Ong Yah</a> worship</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zhenkong, "Void of Truth"."><img alt="Zhenkong, "Void of Truth"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg/50px-Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg/75px-Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg/100px-Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="143" /></a><figcaption>Zhenkong, "Void of Truth".</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvation churches and sects</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_teaching" title="De teaching">De teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiugongdao" title="Jiugongdao">Jiugongdao</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luo teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya_teachings" title="Maitreya teachings">Maitreya teachings</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiandi_teachings" title="Tiandi teachings">Tiandi teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianxian_miaodao" title="Tianxian miaodao">Tianxian miaodao</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanyi_teaching" title="Sanyi teaching">Xia teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaili_teaching" title="Zaili teaching">Zaili teaching</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Confucian_church" title="Confucian church">Confucian churches</a> and sects:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Confucian_Church" title="Holy Confucian Church">Holy Confucian Church</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_the_Confucian_Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia">Indonesian Confucian Church</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Way_and_its_Virtue" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue">Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Gods_according_to_the_Confucian_Tradition" title="Way of the Gods according to the Confucian Tradition">Phoenix churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanyuan_teaching" title="Xuanyuan teaching">Xuanyuanism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taigu_school" title="Taigu school">Taigu school</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #B1151D;;background-color:#f8e0e0;;color: var(--color-base)">Related religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongbaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongbaism">Dongbaism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Han Buddhism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Miao folk religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang folk religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao folk religion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_folk_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuang folk religion">Zhuang folk religion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_folk_religion" title="Template:Chinese folk religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_folk_religion" title="Template talk:Chinese folk religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_folk_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese folk religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to some versions of the myths about Shennong, he eventually died as a result of his researches into the properties of plants by experimenting upon his own body, after, in one of his tests, he ate the yellow flower of a weed that caused his intestines to rupture before he had time to swallow his antidotal tea: having thus given his life for humanity, he has since received special honor through his worship as the Medicine King (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">藥王</span></span> <i>Yàowáng</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005195_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005195-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sacrifice of cows or oxen to Shennong in his various manifestations is never at all appropriate; instead pigs and sheep are acceptable. Fireworks and incense may also be used, especially at the appearance of his statue on his birthday, lunar April 26, according to popular tradition. Under his various names, Shennong is the patron deity of farmers, rice traders, and practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine. Many temples and other places dedicated to his commemoration exist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005198–199_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005198–199-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou,_Hubei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou%2C_Hubei.jpg/220px-Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou%2C_Hubei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou%2C_Hubei.jpg/330px-Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou%2C_Hubei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou%2C_Hubei.jpg/440px-Worship_at_the_Great_Temple_of_Shennong-Yandi_in_Suizhou%2C_Hubei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Communal worship of Shennong at the Great Temple of Yandi Shennong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">炎帝神农大殿</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As noted above, Shennong is said in the <i>Huainanzi</i> to have tasted hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a> to test their medical value. The most well-known work attributed to Shennong is <i><a href="/wiki/Shennong_Ben_Cao_Jing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shennong Ben Cao Jing">The Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">神农本草经</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">神農本草經</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shénnóng Běncǎo Jīng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Shen<sup>2</sup>-nung<sup>2</sup> Pen<sup>3</sup>-ts'ao<sup>3</sup> Ching<sup>1</sup></span></i>), first compiled some time during the end of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han Dynasty">Western Han Dynasty</a> — several thousand years after Shennong might have existed. This work lists the various medicinal herbs, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_(mushroom)" title="Lingzhi (mushroom)">lingzhi</a></i>,and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">marijuana</a> that were discovered by Shennong and given grade and rarity ratings. It is considered to be the earliest Chinese <a href="/wiki/Pharmacopoeia" title="Pharmacopoeia">pharmacopoeia</a>, and includes 365 medicines derived from minerals, plants, and animals. Shennong is credited with identifying hundreds of medical (and poisonous) <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a> by personally testing their properties, which was crucial to the development of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>. Legend holds that Shennong had a transparent body, and thus could see the effects of different plants and herbs on himself. He is also said to have discovered <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, which he found it to be acting as an antidote against the poisonous effects of some seventy herbs he tested on his body. Shennong first tasted it, traditionally in ca. 2437 BC, from tea leaves on burning tea twigs, after they were carried up from the fire by the hot air, landing in his cauldron of boiling water.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shennong is venerated as the Father of Chinese medicine. He is also believed to have introduced the technique of <a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">acupuncture</a>. </p><p>Shennong is said to have played a part in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">guqin</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Fuxi" title="Fuxi">Fuxi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a>. Scholarly works mention that the <a href="/wiki/Paternal" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternal">paternal</a> family of famous <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> General <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> traced their origins back to Shennong.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places">Places</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shennong is associated with certain geographic localities including <a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>, in Hubei, where the <a href="/wiki/Calamoideae" title="Calamoideae">Calamoideae</a> ladder which he used to climb the local mountain range is supposed to have transformed into a vast forest. The <a href="/wiki/Shennong_Stream" title="Shennong Stream">Shennong Stream</a> flows from here into the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_god_Shen_Nun,_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shennong holding tea leaves, by Hasegawa Nobukata, early 17th century, Japan."><img alt="Shennong holding tea leaves, by Hasegawa Nobukata, early 17th century, Japan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chinese_god_Shen_Nun%2C_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg/91px-Chinese_god_Shen_Nun%2C_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chinese_god_Shen_Nun%2C_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg/136px-Chinese_god_Shen_Nun%2C_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chinese_god_Shen_Nun%2C_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg/181px-Chinese_god_Shen_Nun%2C_Painting_by_Nobukata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Shennong</i> holding tea leaves, by <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasegawa_Nobukata" class="extiw" title="fr:Hasegawa Nobukata">Hasegawa Nobukata</a>, early 17th century, Japan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shennongding.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shennongding(神農頂): "Shennong's peak", associated with the story that Shennong had a ladder which he used to climb up and down the mountain, and which later turned into the local forest."><img alt="Shennongding(神農頂): "Shennong's peak", associated with the story that Shennong had a ladder which he used to climb up and down the mountain, and which later turned into the local forest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shennongding.jpg/120px-Shennongding.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shennongding.jpg/180px-Shennongding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Shennongding.jpg/240px-Shennongding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shennongding(神農頂): "Shennong's peak", associated with the story that Shennong had a ladder which he used to climb up and down the mountain, and which later turned into the local forest.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shennong3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shennong tasting plants to test their qualities on himself."><img alt="Shennong tasting plants to test their qualities on himself." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shennong3.jpg/120px-Shennong3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shennong3.jpg/180px-Shennong3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shennong3.jpg/240px-Shennong3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shennong tasting plants to test their qualities on himself.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Shennongxi(神農溪) Bridge near its confluence with the Yangtze River."><img alt="The Shennongxi(神農溪) Bridge near its confluence with the Yangtze River." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG/120px-20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG/180px-20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG/240px-20100316-18_Yangtze_River_Cruise-Shennongxi_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Shennongxi(神農溪) Bridge near its confluence with the Yangtze River.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shennong Temple in Tainan, Taiwan — where he is worshiped under the names King Yan(炎帝), God of Five Grains(五穀神), Shennong the Great Emperor, the Ancestor of Farming, Great Emperor of Medicine, God of Earth, and God of Fields.[21]"><img alt="Shennong Temple in Tainan, Taiwan — where he is worshiped under the names King Yan(炎帝), God of Five Grains(五穀神), Shennong the Great Emperor, the Ancestor of Farming, Great Emperor of Medicine, God of Earth, and God of Fields.[21]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG/90px-%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG/135px-%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG/180px-%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%9F%E6%AD%A3%E9%9D%A2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shennong Temple in <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> — where he is worshiped under the names King Yan(炎帝), God of <a href="/wiki/Five_Grains" title="Five Grains">Five Grains</a>(五穀神), Shennong the Great Emperor, the Ancestor of Farming, Great Emperor of Medicine, God of Earth, and God of Fields.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005199_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005199-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinno_(Shennong)_derivative.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shennong (Shinnō in Japanese) tasting herbs to discover their qualities; a distinctive, iconic pose often used in depictions of Shennong; in this case from a 19th-century Japanese painting."><img alt="Shennong (Shinnō in Japanese) tasting herbs to discover their qualities; a distinctive, iconic pose often used in depictions of Shennong; in this case from a 19th-century Japanese painting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Shinno_%28Shennong%29_derivative.jpg/68px-Shinno_%28Shennong%29_derivative.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Shinno_%28Shennong%29_derivative.jpg/102px-Shinno_%28Shennong%29_derivative.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Shinno_%28Shennong%29_derivative.jpg/137px-Shinno_%28Shennong%29_derivative.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="2226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shennong (<i>Shinnō</i> in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) tasting herbs to discover their qualities; a distinctive, iconic pose often used in depictions of Shennong; in this case from a 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> painting.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_woodcut,_Famous_medical_figures;_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shennong as depicted by Tang dynasty (618-907) figure Gan Bozong(甘伯宗), woodcut print in the Lidai mingyi hua xingshi(历代名医畵姓氏)' a preface of an edition of the ming dynasty book bencaomengquan(本草蒙筌) by Chen jiamo(陈嘉谟)."><img alt="Shennong as depicted by Tang dynasty (618-907) figure Gan Bozong(甘伯宗), woodcut print in the Lidai mingyi hua xingshi(历代名医畵姓氏)' a preface of an edition of the ming dynasty book bencaomengquan(本草蒙筌) by Chen jiamo(陈嘉谟)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg/80px-Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg/120px-Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg/160px-Chinese_woodcut%2C_Famous_medical_figures%3B_Shen_Nong_Wellcome_L0039313.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shennong as depicted by Tang dynasty (618-907) figure Gan Bozong(甘伯宗), woodcut print in the Lidai mingyi hua xingshi(历代名医畵姓氏)' a preface of an edition of the ming dynasty book bencaomengquan(本草蒙筌) by Chen jiamo(陈嘉谟).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Huang_Zisun" title="Yan Huang Zisun">Yan Huang Zisun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phou_Ningthou" title="Phou Ningthou">Phou Ningthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennong_Stream" title="Shennong Stream">Shennong Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilin_Shennong_Temple" title="Shilin Shennong Temple">Shilin Shennong Temple</a>, Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yan Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:122-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:122_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:122_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:122_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:122_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:122_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:122_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIvanhoeVan_Norden2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Ivanhoe" title="Philip J. Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe, Philip J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bryan_W._Van_Norden" title="Bryan W. Van Norden">Van Norden, Bryan W.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60826646"><i>Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy</i></a> (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: <a href="/wiki/Hackett_Publishing_Company" title="Hackett Publishing Company">Hackett Publishing Company</a>. p. 381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87220-781-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87220-781-1"><bdi>0-87220-781-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60826646">60826646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readings+in+Classical+Chinese+Philosophy&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=381&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Hackett+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60826646&rft.isbn=0-87220-781-1&rft.aulast=Ivanhoe&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft.au=Van+Norden%2C+Bryan+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F60826646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie197587-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie197587_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristie1975">Christie 1975</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005190–199-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005190–199_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYangAnTurner2005">Yang, An & Turner 2005</a>, pp. 190–199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie197590-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie197590_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie197590_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristie1975">Christie 1975</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1975116–117-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1975116–117_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristie1975">Christie 1975</a>, pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsim2007" class="citation web cs1">Asim, Ina (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.uoregon.edu/inaasim/Hist%20410/Hist%20410%20Keynotes2.htm">"Keynotes 2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keynotes+2&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Asim&rft.aufirst=Ina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpages.uoregon.edu%2Finaasim%2FHist%2520410%2FHist%2520410%2520Keynotes2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:42_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarpari2006" class="citation book cs1">Scarpari, Maurizio (2006). <i>Ancient China: Chinese Civilization from the Origins to the Tang Dynasty</i>. Translated by Milan, A.B.A. New York: <a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a>. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-8379-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-8379-5"><bdi>978-0-7607-8379-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+China%3A+Chinese+Civilization+from+the+Origins+to+the+Tang+Dynasty&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7607-8379-5&rft.aulast=Scarpari&rft.aufirst=Maurizio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Armstrong" title="Karen Armstrong">Armstrong, Karen</a> (2005). <i>A Short History of Myth</i> (First American ed.). Broadway, New York: <a href="/wiki/Canongate_Books" title="Canongate Books">Canongate Books</a>. pp. 90–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841957166" title="Special:BookSources/9781841957166"><bdi>9781841957166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Myth&rft.place=Broadway%2C+New+York&rft.pages=90-91&rft.edition=First+American&rft.pub=Canongate+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781841957166&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWu1981">Wu (1981</a>, p. 53), referring to <i><a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Shiji</a></i>, Chapter One.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWu1981">Wu (1981</a>, p. 45), referencing <i><a href="/wiki/Huainanzi" title="Huainanzi">Huainanzi</a></i>, <i>xiuwu xun</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWu1981">Wu (1981</a>, p. 54), referencing <i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i>, <i>xici</i>, II, chapter 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWu1981">Wu (1981</a>, p. 54), <i>lisulan</i>, 4, yongmin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1975141-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1975141_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristie1975">Christie 1975</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnschuld198617-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnschuld198617_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnschuld1986">Unschuld 1986</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagley1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bagley, Robert (1999). "Shang Archaeology". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of Ancient China</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shang+Archaeology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Ancient+China&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Bagley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuXiu2007" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, L.; Xiu, H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/22200901">"Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>81</b> (314): 886–901. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00095983">10.1017/S0003598X00095983</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162644060">162644060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Erlitou%3A+legend%2C+history+and+Chinese+archaeology&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=314&rft.pages=886-901&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00095983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162644060%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Xiu%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2Fjournal_contribution%2F22200901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005195-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005195_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYangAnTurner2005">Yang, An & Turner 2005</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005198–199-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005198–199_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYangAnTurner2005">Yang, An & Turner 2005</a>, pp. 198–199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_ReynoldsPhil_GatesGaden_Robinson1994" class="citation book cs1">Jane Reynolds; Phil Gates; Gaden Robinson (1994). <i>365 Days of Nature and Discovery</i>. New York: Harry N. Adams. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-3876-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-3876-6"><bdi>0-8109-3876-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=365+Days+of+Nature+and+Discovery&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Adams&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8109-3876-6&rft.au=Jane+Reynolds&rft.au=Phil+Gates&rft.au=Gaden+Robinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1970" class="citation thesis cs1">Kaplan, Edward Harold (1970). <i>Yueh Fei and the founding of the Southern Sung</i> (PhD Thesis). University of Iowa. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63868015">63868015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Yueh+Fei+and+the+founding+of+the+Southern+Sung&rft.inst=University+of+Iowa&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63868015&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Edward+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005199-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYangAnTurner2005199_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYangAnTurner2005">Yang, An & Turner 2005</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristie1975" class="citation book cs1">Christie, Anthony (1975). <i>Chinese Mythology</i>. London, England: Hamlyn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0600006379" title="Special:BookSources/0600006379"><bdi>0600006379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Mythology&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Hamlyn&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0600006379&rft.aulast=Christie&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbesHenley2011" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2011). <i>China's Ancient Tea Horse Road</i>. Congoscenti.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Ancient+Tea+Horse+Road&rft.pub=Congoscenti&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Henley%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu1981" class="citation book cs1">Wu, K. C. (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chineseheritage00wuku"><i>The Chinese Heritage</i></a></span>. New York, NY: Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/051754475X" title="Special:BookSources/051754475X"><bdi>051754475X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Heritage&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=051754475X&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=K.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchineseheritage00wuku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnschuld1986" class="citation book cs1">Unschuld, Paul U. (1986). <i>Medicine in China: A history of Pharmaceutics</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520050259" title="Special:BookSources/9780520050259"><bdi>9780520050259</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+in+China%3A+A+history+of+Pharmaceutics&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780520050259&rft.aulast=Unschuld&rft.aufirst=Paul+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYangAnTurner2005" class="citation book cs1">Yang, Lihui; An, Deming; Turner, Jessica Anderson (2005). <i>Handbook of Chinese mythology</i>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195332636" title="Special:BookSources/9780195332636"><bdi>9780195332636</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chinese+mythology&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780195332636&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Lihui&rft.au=An%2C+Deming&rft.au=Turner%2C+Jessica+Anderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShennong" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shennong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shennong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shennong">Shennong</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glSlm80ZYxo">Statue of Shennong in ZhuZhou</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219144345/http://140.111.1.40/yitia/fra/fra04111.htm">Variants on the <i>nóng</i> character.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215655/http://the-tea-site.com/shen-nong.php">"Shen Nong and Tea" article from The Tea Site.</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Shennong </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fuxi" title="Fuxi">Fuxi</a> or <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCwa" title="Nüwa">Nüwa</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Table_of_Chinese_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of Chinese monarchs">Mythological Sovereign of China</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_mythology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_mythology" title="Template:Chinese mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_mythology" title="Template talk:Chinese mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_creation_myths" title="Chinese creation myths">Creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_spiritual_world_concepts" title="Chinese spiritual world concepts">Godly world concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">Gods and immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangu" title="Pangu">Pangu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Chinese_culture" title="Ghosts in Chinese culture">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major personages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">Gods and immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Immortals" title="Eight Immortals">Eight Immortals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youchao" title="Youchao">Youchao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shennong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yan Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiyou" title="Chiyou">Chiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e" title="Chang'e">Chang'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hou_Yi" title="Hou Yi">Hou Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuafu" title="Kuafu">Kuafu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythological creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols" title="Four Symbols">Four Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Tortoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Tortoise">Black Tortoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Dragon" title="Azure Dragon">Azure Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Tiger_(mythology)" title="White Tiger (mythology)">White Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Bird" title="Vermilion Bird">Vermilion Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Dragon" title="Yellow Dragon">Yellow Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Beasts" title="Four Holy Beasts">Four Holy Beasts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qilin" title="Qilin">Qilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghuang" title="Fenghuang">Fenghuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglong" title="Yinglong">Yinglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_turtle" title="Spirit turtle">Spirit turtle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixi" title="Bixi">Bixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_spirit" title="Fox spirit">Huli jing</a> (Fox spirit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_guardian_lions" title="Chinese guardian lions">Chinese guardian lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixiu" title="Pixiu">Pixiu</a> (Bixie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nian" title="Nian">Nian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Chinese_mythology" title="Horses in Chinese mythology">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundun" title="Hundun">Hundun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiezhi" title="Xiezhi">Xiezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhiqi" title="Wuzhiqi">Wuzhiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeren" title="Yeren">Yeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_spirit" title="Fox spirit">Fox spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Perils" title="Four Perils">Four Perils</a> (<a href="/wiki/Four_Perils" title="Four Perils">Four Evildoers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_(mythology)" title="Peng (mythology)">Peng (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-headed_Bird" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine-headed Bird">Nine-headed Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianma" title="Tianma">Tianma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-tailed_fox" title="Nine-tailed fox">Nine-tailed fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures_from_China" title="List of legendary creatures from China"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Buzhou" title="Mount Buzhou">Buzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyu" title="Diyu">Diyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Pillars" title="Eight Pillars">Eight Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_the_Ghosts" title="Gate of the Ghosts">Gate of the Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusang" title="Fusang">Fusang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Mountain_(mythology)" title="Jade Mountain (mythology)">Jade Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_(mythology)" title="Kunlun (mythology)">Kunlun Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_(mythology)" title="Longmen (mythology)">Longmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Sands" title="Moving Sands">Moving Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Penglai" title="Mount Penglai">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(mythology)" title="Red River (mythology)">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weak_River_(mythology)" title="Weak River (mythology)">Weak River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youdu" title="Youdu">Youdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gu_(poison)" title="Gu (poison)">Gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaches_of_Immortality" title="Peaches of Immortality">Peaches of Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirang" title="Xirang">Xirang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_of_Mountains_and_Seas" title="Classic of Mountains and Seas">Classic of Mountains and Seas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shi_Yi_Ji" title="Shi Yi Ji">Shi Yi Ji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bowuzhi" title="Bowuzhi">Bowuzhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liexian_Zhuan" title="Liexian Zhuan">Liexian Zhuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenxian_Zhuan" title="Shenxian Zhuan">Shenxian Zhuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gods_and_Strange_Things" title="Book of Gods and Strange Things">Shenyi Jing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peach_Blossom_Spring" title="The Peach Blossom Spring">The Peach Blossom Spring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Journeys" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Journeys">The Four Journeys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_the_Gods" title="Investiture of the Gods">Investiture of the Gods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Sui_Quash_the_Demons%27_Revolt" title="The Three Sui Quash the Demons' Revolt">The Sorcerer's Revolt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales_from_a_Chinese_Studio" title="Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio">Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West" title="Journey to the West">Journey to the West</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Supernatural" title="In Search of the Supernatural">In Search of the Supernatural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Master_Would_Not_Discuss" title="What the Master Would Not Discuss">What the Master Would Not Discuss</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Questions" title="Heavenly Questions">Heavenly Questions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chu_Ci" title="Chu Ci">Chu Ci</a>)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huainanzi" title="Huainanzi">Huainanzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_the_Thatched_Abode_of_Close_Observations" title="Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations">Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other folk tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_White_Snake" title="Legend of the White Snake">Legend of the White Snake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dong_Yong_and_the_Seventh_Fairy" title="Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy">Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cowherd_and_the_Weaver_Girl" title="The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl">The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Lotus_Lantern" title="The Magic Lotus Lantern">The Magic Lotus Lantern</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mulian_Rescues_His_Mother" title="Mulian Rescues His Mother">Mulian Rescues His Mother</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors_footer" title="Template:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors_footer" title="Template talk:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Sovereigns_and_Five_Emperors" title="Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors">Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Four Clans:</b> <a href="/wiki/Youchao" title="Youchao">Youchao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suiren" title="Suiren">Suiren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fuxi" title="Fuxi">Fuxi</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shennong</a> <p><b>Three Exalted Ones:</b> <a href="/wiki/Suiren" title="Suiren">Suiren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fuxi" title="Fuxi">Fuxi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taihao" class="mw-redirect" title="Taihao">Taihao</a> · <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCwa" title="Nüwa">Nüwa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zhurong" title="Zhurong">Zhurong</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shennong</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yan_Emperor" title="Yan Emperor">Yandi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gonggong" title="Gonggong">Gonggong</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a> (Huangdi) <br /> <b>Four Perils:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gonggong" title="Gonggong">Gonggong</a> · <a href="/wiki/Huandou" class="mw-redirect" title="Huandou">Huandou</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gun_(Chinese_mythology)" title="Gun (Chinese mythology)">Gun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Four_Perils" title="Four Perils">Sanmiao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hundun" title="Hundun">Hundun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qiongqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiongqi">Qiongqi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taowu" class="mw-redirect" title="Taowu">Taowu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taotie" title="Taotie">Taotie</a> <br /> <b>Five Primal Emperors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a> (Huangdi) · <a href="/wiki/Shaohao" title="Shaohao">Shaohao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zhuanxu" title="Zhuanxu">Zhuanxu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ku" title="Emperor Ku">Ku</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhi" title="Emperor Zhi">Zhi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yao" title="Emperor Yao">Yao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shun" title="Emperor Shun">Shun</a> </p> <b>Three Perfect Kings:</b> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yao" title="Emperor Yao">Yao</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shun" title="Emperor Shun">Shun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Yu</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_Confucianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Confucianism" title="Template:Religious Confucianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Religious_Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Religious Confucianism (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_Confucianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious Confucianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_Confucianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_Confucianism" title="Religious Confucianism">Religious Confucianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesa" title="Jesa">Jesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_to_Heaven" title="Sacrifice to Heaven">Sacrifice to Heaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Festival Huế">Festival Huế</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Shan" title="Feng Shan">Feng Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_and_music_system" title="Ritual and music system">Ritual and music system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Li" title="Guan Li">Guan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Li_(ceremony)" title="Ji Li (ceremony)">Ji Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_marriage" title="Traditional Chinese marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ghost_marriage" title="Chinese ghost marriage">Ghost marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_the_living" title="Worship of the living">Worship of the living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shendao_shejiao" title="Shendao shejiao">Shendao shejiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_theology" title="Chinese theology">Chinese theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_ritual_religion" title="Confucian ritual religion">Confucian ritual religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_of_Heaven_and_humanity" title="Unity of Heaven and humanity">Unity of Heaven and humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactions_Between_Heaven_and_Mankind" title="Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind">Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestor_veneration_in_China" title="Ancestor veneration in China">Ancestor veneration in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianxia" title="Tianxia">Tianxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Huang_Zisun" title="Yan Huang Zisun">Yan Huang Zisun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_and_grain" title="Soil and grain">Soil and grain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_church" title="Confucian church">Confucian church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Confucian_Church" title="Holy Confucian Church">Holy Confucian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanyuan_teaching" title="Xuanyuan teaching">Xuanyuan teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taigu_school" title="Taigu school">Taigu school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengdao" title="Shengdao">Shengdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_Academy" title="Confucian Academy">Confucian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_Shinto" title="Confucian Shinto">Confucian Shinto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shint%C5%8D_Taiseiky%C5%8D" title="Shintō Taiseikyō">Taiseikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_Shusei" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto Shusei">Shusei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_Ansai" title="Yamazaki Ansai">Suika Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onmy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D" title="Onmyōdō">Onmyōdō</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Youwei" title="Kang Youwei">Kang Youwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamazaki_Ansai" title="Yamazaki Ansai">Yamazaki Ansai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius" title="Temple of Confucius">Temple of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_royal_ancestral_shrine" title="Confucian royal ancestral shrine">Confucian royal ancestral shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">Ancestral shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_goods_store" title="Religious goods store">Religious goods store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hero shrine">Hero shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myo_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Myo shrine">Myo shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jongmyo_(Seoul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jongmyo (Seoul)">Jongmyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munmyo" title="Munmyo">Munmyo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ci_shrine" title="Ci shrine">Ci shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_shrine" title="Miao shrine">Miao shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_miao" title="Yin miao">Yin miao</a></li> <li>Beijing Temples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Shejitan" title="Beijing Shejitan">Beijing Shejitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Agriculture" title="Temple of Agriculture">Temple of Agriculture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_tablet" title="Spirit tablet">Spirit tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiangong_censer" title="Tiangong censer">Tiangong censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_money" title="Hell money">Hell money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_coin_charm" title="Confucian coin charm">Confucian coin charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joss_paper" title="Joss paper">Joss paper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics" title="Four Books and Five Classics">Four Books and Five Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Classics" title="Thirteen Classics">Thirteen Classics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wufang_Shangdi" title="Wufang Shangdi">Wufang Shangdi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Emperor" title="Yellow Emperor">Yellow Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidi_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baidi (god)">White Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaohao" title="Shaohao">Shaohao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidi_(god)" title="Heidi (god)">Black Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanxu" title="Zhuanxu">Zhuanxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwu_(god)" title="Xuanwu (god)">Xuanwu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangdi" title="Cangdi">Bluegreen Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Xi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Xi">Fu Xi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidi_(god)" title="Chidi (god)">Red Emperor</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shennong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame Emperor">Flame Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong" 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