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Nationalism, Moten notes, wedged its way into the Muslim world,dividing it i...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Political Science: An Islamic Perspective By Abdul Rashid Moten. 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This fusion of religion and politics took place before the creation of Pakistan as the very idea of a separate state for Indian Muslims was shaped by religion. After independence, the issue got further impetus and the religious leaders, the ulema, very assertively demanded Islamizing the system. The process actually started in 1949 with the passage of Objectives Resolution which provided for the Islamic foundation of future laws in Pakistan. The Objectives Resolutions was followed by three constitutions passed by the regimes of different leaders ranging from Islamic oriented to the secular leaders like Ayub and Bhutto but none of them could dare separate religion from politics. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto contested and won election in 1970 on secular agenda but he could not implement his socialist program and soon had to retreat to Islam as a saving force. This paper is an account of Bhutto’s Islamization process. The study attempts to discuss how a secular leader with a socialist program resorted to Islam? What were those factors which barred Bhutto from implementing his agenda? The paper is a qualitative study largely based on secondary data gleaned from articles, books and theses. Keywords Islamization, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, law, Religion, Islam, politics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"INFLUENCE OF ISLAM ON THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE","attachmentId":61939567,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41786211/INFLUENCE_OF_ISLAM_ON_THE_POLITICAL_DISCOURSE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41786211/INFLUENCE_OF_ISLAM_ON_THE_POLITICAL_DISCOURSE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="43123335" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43123335/Some_Remarks_on_the_Correlation_between_Islam_and_Governance_1_ACTA_ASIATICA_VARSOVIENSIA_Some_Remarks_on_the_Correlation_between_Islam_and_Governance_in_the_Modern_Sunni_and_Shiit_Revivalist_Movements">Some Remarks on the Correlation between Islam and Governance 1 ACTA ASIATICA VARSOVIENSIA Some Remarks on the Correlation between Islam and Governance in the Modern Sunni and Shiit Revivalist Movements</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42517482" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlSalmiAbdulrahman">Abdulrahman Al Salmi/Salimi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some Remarks on the Correlation between Islam and Governance 1 ACTA ASIATICA VARSOVIENSIA Some Remarks on the Correlation between Islam and Governance in the Modern Sunni and Shiit Revivalist Movements","attachmentId":63381006,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43123335/Some_Remarks_on_the_Correlation_between_Islam_and_Governance_1_ACTA_ASIATICA_VARSOVIENSIA_Some_Remarks_on_the_Correlation_between_Islam_and_Governance_in_the_Modern_Sunni_and_Shiit_Revivalist_Movements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43123335/Some_Remarks_on_the_Correlation_between_Islam_and_Governance_1_ACTA_ASIATICA_VARSOVIENSIA_Some_Remarks_on_the_Correlation_between_Islam_and_Governance_in_the_Modern_Sunni_and_Shiit_Revivalist_Movements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3060933" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3060933/Islam_and_the_Paths_of_Pakistan_s_Political_Development">Islam and the Paths of Pakistan’s Political Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3506856" href="https://sipri.academia.edu/PetrTopychkanov">Petr Topychkanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper analyzes the current situation in Pakistan through the prism of the country’s historical experience, proposing new approaches to the threats to Pakistan’s territorial integrity and the stability and security of South Asia as a whole. Conventional political science labels, such as authoritarianism, democracy, Islamism and secularism, are of little use when applied to Pakistan. “Pakistan’s history shows that giving priority to Islam can be combined with a democratic system of government, as well as with an authoritarian regime,” Topychkanov writes. Islam’s supremacy in Pakistani society has manifested itself primarily through Muslim nationalism and Islamic socialism, as well as through various radical forms of Islamic ideology. Experiments with Islam, which is the foundation of the country’s national identity, are therefore not the solution to Pakistan’s problems. Resolving these problems requires comprehensive solutions that encompass the political, economic and social spheres. Topychkanov also notes that the external environment, particularly problems in Afghanistan, has had a negative impact on Pakistan’s political development. Protracted or failed operations of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan would strengthen pro-Taliban forces in Pakistan, while stabilization in Afghanistan would help weaken these groups and stop the rise of support for religious extremism. The escalation of tensions between Pakistan and India also contributes to the spread of extremism in Pakistan. Topychkanov proposes a number of policy approaches, suggesting that the planning and implementation of aid programs for Pakistan should meet three main criteria: they must be oriented towards the long term be strictly controlled at all stages be targeted.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Islam and the Paths of Pakistan’s Political Development","attachmentId":30988247,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3060933/Islam_and_the_Paths_of_Pakistan_s_Political_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3060933/Islam_and_the_Paths_of_Pakistan_s_Political_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="117401396" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117401396/Democratic_Issues_as_the_Basis_of_Modern_Contemporary_Thought_in_Islam">Democratic Issues as the Basis of Modern-Contemporary Thought in Islam</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="134903522" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CallmeAuzan">Auzan Mursyidan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SERUMPUN : Journal of Education, Politic, and Social Humaniora</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Democracy is an important part of political history in the world, successfully penetrating the political cultural base of each region from Europe, America, to Asia, in the history of its development democracy has touched many historical events that occurred in the scope of global politics and continues to provide and spread its wings of influence until now, which eventually gave birth to contemporary issues. The existence of democracy even touches Islam, Islamic political systems, Islamic countries, and all Islamic societies around the world. This of course invites a lot of attention from political observers, academics, activists, and religious leaders who study current issues and the influence of the democratic system. This paper will focus on the relationship between democracy as a political regime and Islam as well as its issues as the basis of contemporary Islamic thought with the research method of literature review and data analysis as well as a deeper examination of the refer...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Democratic Issues as the Basis of Modern-Contemporary Thought in Islam","attachmentId":113267860,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117401396/Democratic_Issues_as_the_Basis_of_Modern_Contemporary_Thought_in_Islam","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117401396/Democratic_Issues_as_the_Basis_of_Modern_Contemporary_Thought_in_Islam"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="124330696" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124330696/MUHAMMAD_ASADS_DESIGN_OF_AN_ISLAMIC_STATE_IN_POST_COLONIAL_PAKISTAN">MUHAMMAD ASAD'S DESIGN OF AN ISLAMIC STATE IN POST-COLONIAL PAKISTAN</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="462971" href="https://istac.academia.edu/AdalheidisAlexandros">Adalheidis Alexandros</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5662567" href="https://iium.academia.edu/nabilamir">nabil amir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti postulat epistemologis Muhammad Asad tentang politik Islam sebagaimana tercermin dalam karya-karyanya tentang negara Islam. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan mendasar berikut: apa dasar hukum yang mendukung dan membangun posisi Asad dalam mendirikan negara Islam? dan bagaimana gagasan ini dapat diakomodasi secara adil dengan gagasan negara bangsa yang berlaku dalam konteks pasca-kolonial. Oleh karena itu, tujuan studi ini untuk menganalisis ide-ide dasar negara Islam yang dianjurkankonstitusional dasar yang dikembangkan oleh Asad dalam konteks historis Pakistan, memperkirakan implikasi dari penerapan hukum Islam dan dampaknya terhadap politik global serta kesesuaiannya dengan hukum internasional. Dalam hal ini, Asad telah merumuskan gagasan konstitusional negara Islam berisi ketentuan hukum Islam yang mempraktikkan dan menerapkan norma-norma yang dinyatakan dalam Kitab Suci. Gagasan ini sebagian diabadikan dalam hukum konstitusional Pakistan yang pendirian politiknya dibentuk pada tahun 1947. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif, analitis dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Muhammad Asad telah merumuskan kerangka teoritis yang komprehensif tentang aspek hukum pemerintahan Islam yang disusun dari prinsip-prinsip dasar dan doktrin syariah, dan norma-norma moralnya yang berasal dari teks-teks eksplisit Al-Qur’an dan sunnah, sementara juga mengadvokasi cita-cita dan prinsip-prinsip demokratis yang didasarkan pada praktik-praktik konvensional dan kebutuhan modern negara bangsa. Berdasarkan temuan utama ini, disimpulkan bahwa ajaran Islam dan norma-norma spiritualnya sesuai dengan cita-cita demokrasi dan nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia, pemerintahan yang partisipatif dan konstitusional seperti yang diimplementasikan dalam ruang demokrasi Pakistan. The paper aims to highlight Muhammad Asad’s epistemological postulate on Islamic politics as reflected in his works on Islamic state. It seeks to address these fundamental problems: what is the legal basis that support and establish Asad’s position of founding an Islamic state? and how could this idea fairly accommodates with the prevailing notion of nation state in post-colonial context. Thus, the study set forth to find the answers based on such range of objectives: to analyse the underlying ideas of Islamic state as advocated in the classical sources, to define the basic constitutional framework as developed by Asad in the context of historical Pakistan, to estimate the implication of implementing Islamic law and its impact on the global politics and its compatibility with international law. In this regards, Asad had formulated the constitutional ideas of Islamic state whose constitution contains the provision of Islamic law that practiced and implemented the norms stated in the Divine Writ. This ideas was partly enshrined in the Pakistan constitutional law whose political establishment was formed in 1947. The paper essentially discussed Muhammad Asad’s political ideas and its underlying philosophy as espoused in his works. The study conducted based on qualitative approaches of the type of library research. The data were analysed by way of descriptive, analytical and comparative technique. The finding shows that Muhammad Asad had formulated comprehensive theoretical framework of legal aspect of Islamic governance drawn up from the fundamental principle and doctrine of the shariah, and its moral norms deriving from the explicit Qur’anic and sunnah text, while also advocating democratic ideals and principles based on conventional practice and requirement of modern context of nation state. Based on this main finding, it is concluded that Islamic teaching and its spiritual norms were compatible with democratic ideal and values of human right, participatory and constitutional government as implemented in the democratic space of Pakistan.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MUHAMMAD ASAD'S DESIGN OF AN ISLAMIC STATE IN POST-COLONIAL PAKISTAN","attachmentId":118576584,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124330696/MUHAMMAD_ASADS_DESIGN_OF_AN_ISLAMIC_STATE_IN_POST_COLONIAL_PAKISTAN","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124330696/MUHAMMAD_ASADS_DESIGN_OF_AN_ISLAMIC_STATE_IN_POST_COLONIAL_PAKISTAN"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83395181,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":83395181,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_83395181" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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