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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="যোগী ভজন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যোগী ভজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogui_Bhajan" title="Yogui Bhajan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yogui Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A0_%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%8E%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86" title="یوگؠ بھَجَن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یوگؠ بھَجَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa" title="Harbhajan Singh Khalsa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harbhajan Singh Khalsa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80" title="ਹਰਭਜਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਯੋਗੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਰਭਜਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਯੋਗੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Йоги Бхаджан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йоги Бхаджан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yogi Bhajan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE" title="హర్బజన్ సింగ్ ఖల్సా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హర్బజన్ సింగ్ ఖల్సా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918843#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Yogi Bhajan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogi_Bhajan_1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Yogi_Bhajan_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="190" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">In 1985</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Harbhajan Singh Puri</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-08-26</span>)</span>August 26, 1929<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Kot Harkarn, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 6, 2004<span style="display:none">(2004-10-06)</span> (aged 75)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española, New Mexico</a>, United States</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>India (1929–1976)</li> <li>United States (1976–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">Panjab University, New Delhi, India (Master of Economics, 1952), University for Humanistic Studies, Solana Beach, CA, USA (PhD, Psychology of Communication, 1980)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organizations</th><td class="infobox-data org">Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO), Sikh Dharma International, Kundalini Research Institute, Siri Singh Sahib Corporation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Promoting <a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a>, Sikh missionary activities, alleged serial sexual assault and abuse</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title">Yogi, Siri Singh Sahib, Bhai Sahib, Panth Rattan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Bibi Inderjit Kaur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Ranbir Singh, Kulbir Singh, Kamaljit Kaur</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg/150px-Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg/225px-Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg/300px-Signature_of_Harbhajan_Singh_Khalsa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3395" data-file-height="2226" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yogi Bhajan</b> (born <b>Harbhajan Singh Puri</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (August 26, 1929 – October 6, 2004), also known as <b>Siri Singh Sahib</b> to his followers, was an American entrepreneur, cult leader, <a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">yoga guru</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and putative spiritual teacher. He introduced his version of <a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a> to the United States. He was the spiritual director of the <a href="/wiki/3HO" title="3HO">3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization)</a> foundation (and <a href="/wiki/3HO#Business_ventures" title="3HO">business ventures</a>), with over 300 centers in 35 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was accused of sexual abuse by several dozen of his female followers; an investigation called the Olive Branch Report found the allegations most likely true.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harbhajan Singh Khalsa was born on August 26, 1929 into a <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> family in Kot Harkarn, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujranwala district">Gujranwala district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (British India)">province of Punjab</a> (now in Pakistan). His father, Dr. Kartar Singh Puri, served the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> as a medical doctor. His mother was named Harkrishan Kaur. His father was raised in the Sikh tradition and young Harbhajan was educated in a Catholic school run by nuns. Singh learned the fundamentals of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> from his paternal grandfather, Sant Bhai Fateh Singh. Theirs was a well-to-do landlord family, owning most of their village in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh's schooling was interrupted in 1947 by the violent <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, when he and his family fled to <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> as refugees. There, Harbhajan Singh attended Camp College – a hastily put together arrangement for thousands of refugee students – and was an active member of the Sikh Students Federation in Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four years later, he graduated with a master's degree in economics.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, Singh entered the service of the Government of India. He served in the Revenue Department, where his duties took him all over India. Eventually, Harbhajan Singh was promoted to a customs inspector at <a href="/wiki/Delhi_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi airport">Delhi airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his final years in India, he also learned from Baba Virsa Singh at Gobind Sadan Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-Deslippe-2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deslippe-2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coming_west">Coming west</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coming west"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1968, Singh emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada equipped with an endorsement from that country's High Commissioner to India, <a href="/wiki/James_George_(diplomat)" title="James George (diplomat)">James George</a>, who was also a student of his.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harbhajan Singh made a considerable impact in the predominantly Anglo-Saxon metropolis. In three months, he established classes at several <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCAs</a>, co-founded a yoga centre, was interviewed for national press and television, and helped set in motion the creation of eastern Canada's first Sikh temple in time for <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>'s five hundredth birthday the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthy,_Happy,_Holy_Organization"><span id="Healthy.2C_Happy.2C_Holy_Organization"></span>Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/3HO" title="3HO">3HO</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3HO_Summer_Solstice_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/3HO_Summer_Solstice_1970.jpg/220px-3HO_Summer_Solstice_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/3HO_Summer_Solstice_1970.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>1970 gathering at Santa Clara Canyon, New Mexico</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1969, Singh established the 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization) Foundation in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to further his missionary work. His brand of Sikhism appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Hippy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippy">hippies</a> who formed the bulk of his early converts. The Sikh practice of not cutting one's hair or beard was already accepted by the hippie culture, as was Sikh <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarianism</a>. They liked to experience elevated states of awareness and they also deeply wanted to feel they were contributing to a world of peace and social justice. He offered them all these things with vigorous yoga, an embracing holistic vision, and an optimistic spirit of sublime destiny.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interest in yoga increased worldwide at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To serve the changing times, Singh created the International Kundalini Yoga Teachers Association, dedicated to setting standards for teachers and the propagation of the teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984 he started the famous <a href="/wiki/Yogi_Tea" title="Yogi Tea">Yogi Tea</a> brand. </p><p>In 1994, the 3HO Foundation joined the United Nations as a non-governmental organization in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, representing women's issues, promoting human rights, and providing education about alternative systems of medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquarian_age_timeline">Aquarian age timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aquarian age timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Sant_Fateh_Singh_and_Giani_Mohinder_Singh_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Sant_Fateh_Singh_and_Giani_Mohinder_Singh_1971.jpg/220px-Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Sant_Fateh_Singh_and_Giani_Mohinder_Singh_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Sant_Fateh_Singh_and_Giani_Mohinder_Singh_1971.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Sant_Fateh_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant Fateh Singh">Sant Fateh Singh</a> 1971</figcaption></figure> <p>Singh incorporated the storyline of the dawning new age into his teachings, a case of melding Western <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> with Sikh tradition. He proclaimed that "<a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> was the Guru for the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Aquarius" title="Age of Aquarius">Aquarian Age</a>." It was, he declared, to be an age where people first experienced God, then believed, rather than the old way of believing and then being liberated by one's faith.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-faith_work">Inter-faith work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inter-faith work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Swami_A.C._Bhaktivedanta_and_Jain_Muni_Shushil_Kumar_San_Francisco_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Swami_A.C._Bhaktivedanta_and_Jain_Muni_Shushil_Kumar_San_Francisco_1975.jpg/220px-Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Swami_A.C._Bhaktivedanta_and_Jain_Muni_Shushil_Kumar_San_Francisco_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Harbhajan_Singh_Yogi_with_Swami_A.C._Bhaktivedanta_and_Jain_Muni_Shushil_Kumar_San_Francisco_1975.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="166" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/A.C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_(Jain_monk)" title="Sushil Kumar (Jain monk)">Sushil Kumar (Jain monk)</a>, San Francisco 1975</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogi_Bhajan_and_John_Paul_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Yogi_Bhajan_and_John_Paul_II.jpg/220px-Yogi_Bhajan_and_John_Paul_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Yogi_Bhajan_and_John_Paul_II.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="154" /></a><figcaption>Meeting Pope <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a> at the Vatican, 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>In the summer of 1970, Singh participated in an informal "Holy Man Jam" at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">University of Colorado at Boulder</a> with <a href="/wiki/Swami_Satchidananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Satchidananda">Swami Satchidananda</a> (another Eastern yogi who has been accused of sexual abuse of his students), <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin" title="Stephen Gaskin">Stephen Gaskin</a> of The Farm in Tennessee, Zen Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Jakusho_Kwong" title="Jakusho Kwong">Jakusho Kwong</a>, and other local spiritual leaders. A few weeks later, he organized a gathering of spiritual teachers to engage and inspire the 200,000 attendees of the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_International_Pop_Festival_(1970)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta International Pop Festival (1970)">Atlanta International Pop Festival</a> on the stage between the performances of the bands.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_influence_in_U.S.">Political influence in U.S.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political influence in U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When U.S. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">President Nixon</a> called drugs America's "Number one domestic problem", Singh launched a pilot program with two longtime heroin addicts in Washington, D.C., in 1972. The program attempted to treat heroin addiction through the practice of yoga and the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> juice.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg/220px-Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg/330px-Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg/440px-Tom_Udall_and_Bibiji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Congressman <a href="/wiki/Tom_Udall" title="Tom Udall">Tom Udall</a> with Harbhajan Singh Khalsa's widow, "Bibiji"</figcaption></figure> <p>Harbhajan Singh died of complications of heart failure at his home in <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, on October 6, 2004, aged 75. He was survived by his wife, sons, daughter and five grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin-2004_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-2004-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obituaries appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Martin-2004_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-2004-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khalsa's passing was noted by the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Gurdwara_Parbandhak_Committee" title="Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee">Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee</a>, which closed its offices to commemorate his death.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/State_of_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="State of New Mexico">State of New Mexico</a> honored him by renaming State Highway 106 as the Yogi Bhajan Memorial Highway.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New Mexico Government took the unprecedented measure of flying its flags at half-mast for two days (Oct 7–8) in honour of Yogi Bhajan after his death on Oct 6, and declared Oct 23 "Yogi Bhajan Memorial Day".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allegations_of_sexual_abuse">Allegations of sexual abuse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Allegations of sexual abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, Yogi Bhajan's former secretary Pamela Saharah Dyson published the book <i>Premka: White Bird in a Golden Cage: My Life with Yogi Bhajan</i>, reporting that she and other women had sexual relationships with Harbhajan Singh.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020, anti-cult activist Be Scofield published an article in her magazine <i>The Guru</i> reporting sexual abuse and rape of female followers and assistants including Dyson by Harbhajan Singh, based on "over a dozen original interviews".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later that month (March 2020), the Siri Singh Sahib Corporation commissioned An Olive Branch (AOB) to look into the allegations. The AOB report, published in August, found that it was "more likely than not" that Yogi Bhajan raped three women, injured eight women during sex, engaged in nonconsensual touching of nine people, showed pornography to minors, used sexually offensive language, directed women to shave their pubic hair, and directed women to have sex with other women, that his followers' claims that he was celibate were inaccurate, and that he "employed a variety of methods to control his students including compartmentalization, quid pro quo, promises, threats, slander, phone calls, guarding, and/or telling women they were his wife."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The report acknowledged "the convictions of Yogi Bhajan's Supporters as accurate representations of their beliefs" rather than deliberate falsehoods. Soon after, other media published stories based on the report that considered the allegations to be true.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2023 book <i>Under the Yoga Mat</i> by former member GuruNischan includes testimonials of traumatizing experiences shared by former members.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> published a critical article, titled "Yogi Bhajan's Synthetic Sikhism". The article alleged that Gurucharan Singh Tohra, former President of the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Gurdwara_Parbandhak_Committee" title="Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee">Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee</a> (SGPC), had stated that Harbhajan Singh is not the leader of Sikhism in the Western World as he claimed, and that Tohra had denied the SGPC had ever given Singh the title of Siri Singh Sahib.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harbhajan Singh is featured in books discussing the successes of Sikhs who migrated from India to the West, including Surjit Kaur's <i>Among the Sikhs: Reaching for the Stars</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Gurmukh Singh's <i>The Global Indian: The Sikhs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholars'_views"><span id="Scholars.27_views"></span>Scholars' views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Scholars' views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scholars including Verne A. Dusenbery and <a href="/wiki/Pashaura_Singh_(Sikh_scholar)" title="Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar)">Pashaura Singh</a> have concurred that Harbhajan Singh's introduction of Sikh teachings into the West helped identify Sikhism as a world religion while at the same time creating a compelling counter-narrative to that which identified Sikhs solely as a race with a shared history in India.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip Deslippe, a historian of American religion, wrote a 2012 article "From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric: The Construction of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga", using 3HO source archive material and news articles to reveal how Harbhajan Singh recreated his own story after his first trip back to India:<sup id="cite_ref-Deslippe-2012_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deslippe-2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I set out to answer the question "where did Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan (KYATBYB) come from?" and not much else. I tried to support my findings with as much evidence as possible, and for that evidence to be as clear, specific, verifiable, and close to the source, such as interviews with first hand witnesses (Pamela being one of them), quotes from Yogi Bhajan, contemporary newspaper accounts, and exercises taken from manuals. I concluded that in the early years of 3HO, Yogi Bhajan was using the physical yoga of Swami <a href="/wiki/Dhirendra_Brahmachari" title="Dhirendra Brahmachari">Dhirendra Brahmachari</a> and the persona and mantra of Baba Virsa Singh, and that the figure of Sant Hazara Singh only became prominent after the first trip to India in 1970-1971 when Yogi Bhajan had a falling out with Virsa Singh.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Philip Deslippe<sup id="cite_ref-Deslippe-2012_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deslippe-2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2024, <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> premiered the series <a href="/wiki/Breath_of_Fire_(TV_series)" title="Breath of Fire (TV series)">Breath of Fire</a>, which talks about the mental and sexual abuse of Yogi Bhajan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Ref_expand plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikhnet.com/yogibhajan">"Biography"</a>. 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August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+News+Service&rft.atitle=Yogi+Bhajan%2C+yoga+guru+and+founder+of+3HO%2C+%27more+likely+than+not%27+sexually+abused+followers%2C+says+report&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2020%2F08%2F18%2Fyogi-bhajan-yoga-guru-and-founder-of-3ho-more-likely-than-not-sexually-abused-followers-says-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogi+Bhajan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoenenGuruNischan2023" class="citation book cs1">Coenen, Els; GuruNischan, eds. (2023). <i>Under the Yoga Mat: The Dark History of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga</i>. Izzard Ink. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9464752144" title="Special:BookSources/978-9464752144"><bdi>978-9464752144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+the+Yoga+Mat%3A+The+Dark+History+of+Yogi+Bhajan%27s+Kundalini+Yoga&rft.pub=Izzard+Ink&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-9464752144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogi+Bhajan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilde1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Wilde, James (September 5, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,915413,00.html">"Religion: Yogi Bhajan's Synthetic Sikhism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+Yogi+Bhajan%27s+Synthetic+Sikhism&rft.date=1997-09-05&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C915413%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogi+Bhajan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaur2003" class="citation book cs1">Kaur, Surjit (2003). <i>Among the Sikhs: Reaching for the Stars</i>. New Delhi: Lotus Collection.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Among+the+Sikhs%3A+Reaching+for+the+Stars&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Lotus+Collection&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Surjit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogi+Bhajan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2003" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Gurmukh (2003). <i>The Global Indian: The Sikhs</i>. New Delhi: Rupi and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Indian%3A+The+Sikhs&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Rupi+and+Co.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Gurmukh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogi+Bhajan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verne A. Dusenbery (1999). "'Nation' or 'World Religion'?: Master Narratives of Sikh Identity" in Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change. Pashaura Singh and N. Gerald Barrier, editors. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. pp. 127-139; Pashaura Singh (2013). "Re-imagining Sikhi ('Sikhness') in the Twenty-first Century: Toward a Paradigm Shift in Sikh Studies" in Re-imagining South Asian Religions. Pashaura Singh and Michael Hawley, editors. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill NV. p. 43; Opinderjit Kaur Takhar (2005). Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 172-77.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lewis, James R. (2014). <i>Cults: A Reference and Guide</i>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 159–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54512-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54512-5"><bdi>978-1-317-54512-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cults%3A+A+Reference+and+Guide&rft.pages=159-60&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-54512-5&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYogi+Bhajan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi_Bhajan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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Chinmoy">Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh_Kaur_Khalsa" title="Gurmukh Kaur Khalsa">Gurmukh Kaur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harbhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Kuvalayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktananda" title="Muktananda">Muktananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdev" title="Ramdev">Ramdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satchidananda_Saraswati" title="Swami Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarananda_(Shiva_Yoga)" title="Shankarananda (Shiva Yoga)">Shankarananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Dayal_Singh" title="Shiv Dayal Singh">Shiv Dayal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Sundarraja Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Yogendra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga" title="Category:Yoga">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918843#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918843#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368984408">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41942889">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/33898/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbCVj4fvYt6DCk3McVDMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/104288760">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79041967">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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