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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Originile_limbii_ebraice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Originile_limbii_ebraice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Originile limbii ebraice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Originile_limbii_ebraice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Originile limbii ebraice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Originile_limbii_ebraice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etapele_dezvoltării_limbii_ebraice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etapele_dezvoltării_limbii_ebraice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etapele dezvoltării limbii ebraice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etapele_dezvoltării_limbii_ebraice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ebraica_textelor_din_Mișna_și_Talmud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebraica_textelor_din_Mișna_și_Talmud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ebraica textelor din Mișna și Talmud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebraica_textelor_din_Mișna_și_Talmud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ebraica_medievală" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebraica_medievală"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ebraica medievală</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebraica_medievală-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folosirea_limbii_ebraice_în_liturghie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folosirea_limbii_ebraice_în_liturghie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Folosirea limbii ebraice în liturghie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folosirea_limbii_ebraice_în_liturghie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ebraica_modernă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebraica_modernă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Ebraica modernă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebraica_modernă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemul_de_scriere_și_vocalizare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemul_de_scriere_și_vocalizare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sistemul de scriere și vocalizare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemul_de_scriere_și_vocalizare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemul_de_notare_a_vocalelor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemul_de_notare_a_vocalelor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sistemul de notare a vocalelor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemul_de_notare_a_vocalelor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limba ebraică</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 203 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ауриа бызшәа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ауриа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Джуртыбзэ – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Джуртыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeus" title="Hebreeus – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hebreeus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4ische_Sprache" title="Hebräische Sprache – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hebräische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%95%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A5" title="ዕብራይስጥ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዕብራይስጥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hebreu" title="Idioma hebreu – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma hebreu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C4%93isc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Hebrēisc sprǣc – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hebrēisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iburu" title="Iburu – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Iburu" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة العبرية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة العبرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%92%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لعبرية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لعبرية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="العبريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="العبريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিব্ৰু ভাষা – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিব্ৰু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hebr%C3%A9u" title="Idioma hebréu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma hebréu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0vrit_dili" title="İvrit dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İvrit dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="عیبری دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عیبری دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ibrani" title="Basa Ibrani – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4isch" title="Hebräisch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hebräisch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraju_kalba" title="Hebraju kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Hebraju kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreo" title="Hebreo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Іўрыт – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іўрыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Іўрыт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іўрыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ibrani" title="Basa Ibrani – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিব্রু ভাষা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিব্রু ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraeg" title="Hebraeg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hebraeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hebrejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Ibrani" title="Saro Ibrani – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreu" title="Hebreu – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hebreu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-b%C3%A1ik-l%C3%A0i-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-báik-lài-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ӏебархойн мотт – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏебархойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inebreo" title="Inebreo – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inebreo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زمانی عیبری – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی عیبری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brani_tili" title="İbrani tili – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İbrani tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1tina" title="Hebrejština – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hebrejština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Hebrejsczi jãzëk – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Hebrejsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Єврєискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єврєискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraeg" title="Hebraeg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hebraeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraisk_(sprog)" title="Hebraisk (sprog) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hebraisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4ische_Sprache" title="Hebräische Sprache – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hebräische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0branki" title="İbranki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İbranki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Hebrejšćina – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Hebrejšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Εβραϊκή γλώσσα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εβραϊκή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebr%C3%A0ic" title="Ebràic – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ebràic" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hebrew language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_lingvo" title="Hebrea lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hebrea lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hebreo" title="Idioma hebreo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma hebreo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heebrea_keel" title="Heebrea keel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heebrea keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreera" title="Hebreera – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hebreera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebreu" title="Ebreu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ebreu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان عبری – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان عبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heprea" title="Heprea – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heprea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Hebraiskt mál – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hebraiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9breu" title="Hébreu – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hébreu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A8br%C3%A8o" title="Hèbrèo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Hèbrèo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreewsk_spriak" title="Hebreewsk spriak – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hebreewsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_ebraiche" title="Lenghe ebraiche – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe ebraiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebriuwsk" title="Hebriuwsk – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hebriuwsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eabhrais" title="An Eabhrais – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eabhrais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" title="希伯來語 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="希伯來語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eabhra" title="Eabhra – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eabhra" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hebrea" title="Lingua hebrea – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hebrea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evr%C3%A9o_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Evréo ñe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Evréo ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌷𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewnish" title="Ewnish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ewnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrananci" title="Ibrananci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibrananci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE-pak-l%C3%B2i-ng%C3%AE" title="Hî-pak-lòi-ngî – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hî-pak-lòi-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%C5%8Clelo_Hepela" title="‘Ōlelo Hepela – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="‘Ōlelo Hepela" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="עברית – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_bhasa" title="Hebrew bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hebrew bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hebrejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Hebrejšćina – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hebrejšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ber_nyelv" title="Héber nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Héber nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Եբրայերեն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եբրայերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Եբրայերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եբրայերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hebree" title="Lingua hebree – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua hebree" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Hebrew" title="Jaku Hebrew – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Hebreo" title="Pagsasao a Hebreo – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Жугтий мотт – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Жугтий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_linguo" title="Hebrea linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hebrea linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreska" title="Hebreska – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hebreska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="ヘブライ語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘブライ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ivri" title="Basa Ivri – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ivri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ებრაული ენა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ებრაული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_ta%C9%9Bebrit" title="Tutlayt taɛebrit – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt taɛebrit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%9Bbra_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1biru_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="A̱biru (a̱lyem) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱biru (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ibrani" title="Basa Ibrani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Иврит тілі – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иврит тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BA" title="ភាសាហេប្រឺ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាហេប្រឺ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇವ್ರಿತ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇವ್ರಿತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4" title="히브리어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히브리어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Еврей кыв – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Еврей кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عبرٲنؠ زبان – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عبرٲنؠ زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4isch_(Sprooch)" title="Hebräisch (Sprooch) – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Hebräisch (Sprooch)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%AEbran%C3%AE" title="Zimanê îbranî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê îbranî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrow" title="Ebrow – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ebrow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Еврей тили – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Еврей тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Hebraica" title="Lingua Hebraica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebrea" title="Lingua ebrea – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua ebrea" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4esch" title="Hebräesch – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hebräesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Чувуд чӀал – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чувуд чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivri_(lingua)" title="Ivri (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ivri (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hebreeuws" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ebraica" title="Lengua ebraica – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ebraica" title="Lengua ebraica – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua ebraica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A9beleo" title="Liébeleo – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liébeleo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraj%C5%B3_kalba" title="Hebrajų kalba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hebrajų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivrits" title="Ivrits – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ivrits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रु भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हिब्रु भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Евреень кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Евреень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_hebreo" title="Fiteny hebreo – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny hebreo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_H%C4%ABperu" title="Reo Hīperu – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Hīperu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Ibrani" title="Bahaso Ibrani – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хебрејски јазик – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хебрејски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="ഹീബ്രു – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹീബ്രു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Еврей хэл – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Еврей хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrajk" title="Ebrajk – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ebrajk" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B2%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟေဗြဲဘာသာစကား – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟေဗြဲဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عبری – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عبری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebr%C3%A4%C3%A4sche_Spraak" title="Hebrääsche Spraak – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hebrääsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbrais" title="Hibbrais – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hibbrais" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रु भाषा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिब्रु भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिब्रू भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हिब्रू भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeuws" title="Hebreeuws – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hebreeuws" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hebraisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hebraisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebr%C3%A8u" title="Ebrèu – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ebrèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਬਰਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਬਰਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Ebreyu" title="Amánung Ebreyu – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Ebreyu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiibruu" title="Hiibruu – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Hiibruu" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hebrajski" title="Język hebrajski – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hebrajski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ebr%C3%A9a_antica" title="Lenga ebréa antica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ebréa antica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عبرانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عبرانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="عبراني ژبه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عبراني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hebraica" title="Língua hebraica – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hebraica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/hiniberayan" title="hiniberayan – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="hiniberayan" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwriyu_simi" title="Iwriyu simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iwriyu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Гебрейскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гебрейскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Иврит – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иврит" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱤᱵᱨᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱵᱨᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ebrea" title="Limba ebrea – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba ebrea" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ebbr%C3%A0ica" title="Lingua ebbràica – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ebbràica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="عبراني ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عبراني ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hebrejski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tudayt" title="Tutlayt Tudayt – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tudayt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%B2_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="හීබෲ භාෂාව – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හීබෲ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hebrew language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C4%8Dina" title="Hebrejčina – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hebrejčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Hebrejščina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hebrejščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihebheru" title="Chihebheru – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chihebheru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Hebrow" title="Af-Hebrow – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Hebrow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_hebreje" title="Gjuha hebreje – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha hebreje" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хебрејски језик – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хебрејски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreiska" title="Hebreiska – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hebreiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiebrania" title="Kiebrania – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiebrania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எபிரேயம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எபிரேயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="హీబ్రూ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హీబ్రూ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Забони ибрӣ – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони ибрӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ภาษาฮีบรู – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฮีบรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%8A%A5%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A2" title="ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ – tigrină" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ እብራይስጢ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwrit_dili" title="Iwrit dili – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iwrit dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Hebreo" title="Wikang Hebreo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%99hudij%C9%99_zyvon" title="Jəhudijə zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Jəhudijə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0branice" title="İbranice – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbranice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Яһүд теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яһүд теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىبرانى تىلى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىبرانى تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Іврит – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іврит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عبرانی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عبرانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivrit_tili" title="Ivrit tili – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ivrit tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ebraega" title="Łéngua ebraega – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ebraega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrejan_kel%27" title="Evrejan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Evrejan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hebrew" title="Tiếng Hebrew – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrey" title="Hebrey – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hebrey" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongan_Hebreo" title="Pinulongan Hebreo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinulongan Hebreo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希伯来语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ურიული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ურიული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9" title="העברעאיש – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העברעאיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_H%C3%A9b%C3%A9r%C3%B9" title="Èdè Hébérù – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Hébérù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebre%C3%AAuws" title="Hebreêuws – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Hebreêuws" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵉⴱⵔⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希伯来语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-pek-l%C3%A2i-g%C3%AD" title="Hi-pek-lâi-gí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-pek-lâi-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87" title="希伯來文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希伯來文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiHebheru" title="IsiHebheru – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiHebheru" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9288#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_ebraic%C4%83" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Limba_ebraic%C4%83" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_ebraic%C4%83"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Limba_ebraic%C4%83" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Limba_ebraic%C4%83" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&oldid=16834324" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#FFFF00;color:#000000;">Ebraică<br /><i>עִברִית </i></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Pronunție</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[(ʔ)ivˈʁit]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vorbită în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">13.2 milioane de vorbitori de neo-ebraică dintre care 9.2 milioane în <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem de scriere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_ebraic" title="Alfabetul ebraic">Alfabetul ebraic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FFFF00;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_afro-asiatice" title="Limbi afro-asiatice">Afro-asiatice</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"><li> <a href="/wiki/Limbi_semitice" title="Limbi semitice">Semitice</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Semitice centrale<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Semitice nord-occidentale<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Canaanite<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Ebraică</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FFFF00;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbă oficială în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Organ de<br />reglementare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Academia_limbii_ebraice" title="Academia limbii ebraice">Academia limbii ebraice</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">he</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">heb</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br />(cel mai<br />răspândit dialect)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">Diverse:<br />heb – neo-ebraica<br />hbo – <a href="/wiki/Ebraica_biblic%C4%83_arhaic%C4%83" title="Ebraica biblică arhaică">ebraica biblică</a> (liturgică)<br />smp – ebraica samariteană (liturgică)<br />obm – moabita (dispărută)<br />xdm – edomita (dispărută)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FFFF00;color:#000000;">Răspândire în lume</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Idioma_hebreo.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="     regiuni unde ebraica este limba majorității (Israel)      regiuni unde ebraica este limba unei minorități semnificative (Cisiordania și Înălțimile Golan)"><img alt="     regiuni unde ebraica este limba majorității (Israel)      regiuni unde ebraica este limba unei minorități semnificative (Cisiordania și Înălțimile Golan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Idioma_hebreo.PNG/220px-Idioma_hebreo.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Idioma_hebreo.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="206" /></a></span> <br /> <small><p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#0080FF;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">    </span> regiuni unde ebraica este limba majorității (<a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>)</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#88C4FF;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">    </span> regiuni unde ebraica este limba unei minorități semnificative (<a href="/wiki/Cisiordania" title="Cisiordania">Cisiordania</a> și <a href="/wiki/%C3%8En%C4%83l%C8%9Bimile_Golan" title="Înălțimile Golan">Înălțimile Golan</a>)</p></small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##FFFF00 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9288" class="extiw" title="d:Q9288">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Ebraica</b> (עִברִית) este o <a href="/wiki/Limbi_semitice" title="Limbi semitice">limbă semitică</a> – parte din familia de <a href="/wiki/Limbi_afro-asiatice" title="Limbi afro-asiatice">limbi afro-asiatice (hamito-semitice)</a> – vorbită de peste 9,2 milioane de oameni în <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> și folosită ca limbă liturgică și de studiu scripturale în comunitățile evreiești din lume. În Israel este una din cele două limbi de stat: ebraica, majoritară și araba, minoritară. Limba ebraică este considerată „limba sfântă”, atât a religiei <a href="/wiki/Iudaism" title="Iudaism">iudaice</a>, cât și a <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">creștinismului</a>, ca limbă a <a href="/wiki/Vechiul_Testament" title="Vechiul Testament">Vechiului Testament</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Originile_limbii_ebraice">Originile limbii ebraice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Originile limbii ebraice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Originile limbii ebraice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_Pentateuch_(The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII%29.jpg/150px-Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII%29.jpg/225px-Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII%29.jpg/300px-Hebrew_Pentateuch_%28The_S.S._Teacher%27s_Edition-The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_VIII%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Un fragment din <i>Tanah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Biblie" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblie">Biblie</a>), care conține <a href="/wiki/Cele_zece_porunci" title="Cele zece porunci">Cele zece porunci</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ebraica este o limbă semitică și aparține unui grup mai larg, cel semitic, al familiei limbilor afro-asiatice (hamito-semitice). Etapele limbii ebraice vechi repetă dezvoltarea limbii scrise și coincide cu apariția textelor clasice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etapele_dezvoltării_limbii_ebraice"><span id="Etapele_dezvolt.C4.83rii_limbii_ebraice"></span>Etapele dezvoltării limbii ebraice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etapele dezvoltării limbii ebraice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Etapele dezvoltării limbii ebraice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La origine a fost probabil un dialect canaanit, înrudit cu limba feniciană și aflat în uzul triburilor israelite antice. În <a href="/wiki/Biblie" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblie">Biblie</a> apare sub numele de „limba din <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>” sau din <a href="/wiki/Iudeea" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudeea">Iudeea</a> (<i>yehudit</i> = iudeu). </p> <ol><li>Perioada biblică. Surse: <a href="/wiki/Biblia_ebraic%C4%83" title="Biblia ebraică">Biblia ebraică</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vechiul_Testament" title="Vechiul Testament">Vechiul Testament</a>) sau <i>Tanahul</i>.</li> <li>Perioada post-biblică. Surse: <i><a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99na" title="Mișna">Mișna</a></i> și <a href="/wiki/Manuscrisele_de_la_Marea_Moart%C4%83" title="Manuscrisele de la Marea Moartă">Manuscrisele de la Qumran</a>.</li> <li>Perioada Talmudului și a Masoreților. Surse: <i>Midraș</i>, <i>Piutim</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></i>.</li> <li>Perioada medievală. Surse: Comentariile biblice și talmudice (<i>Rași</i>, <i>Maimonide</i>, <i>Nahmanid</i>); poeți hispanici (Iehuda Ha-Levi, Ibn-Ezra); Kabbala.</li> <li>Perioada secolelor XVIII–XIX. Surse: reviste, ziare, romane, manuale școlare la toate disciplinele.</li> <li>Perioada renașterii limbii ebraice (<a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XX-lea" title="Secolul al XX-lea">secolul al XX-lea</a>). Limba, care timp de 18 secole a fost socotită una moartă devine în secolul al XX-lea limbă de stat a Palestinei sub mandat britanic (alături de arabă și engleză), iar apoi limbă oficială a Israelului. Aceasta a devenit posibil datorită eforturilor unui șir de cărturari entuziaști, între care s-a evidențiat figura lui Eliezer Ben-Yehuda. Renașterea limbii ebraice s-a înscris în mod armonic în mișcarea și ideologia sionistă. Importante în acest aspect sînt cuvintele lui Haim Weizmann, care va deveni primul președinte al Israelului: „<i>Noi nu am venit în Eretz-Israel să copiem viața Varșoviei, Minskului sau Londrei. Esența sionismului este de a transforma valorile pe care evreii le-au acumulat sub influența altor culturi</i>”. În anul 1905 la <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> se deschide primul gimnaziu ebraic, „Herzelia”, cu predarea exclusiv în limba ebraică. Politica de promovare activă și intransigentă în instituțiile evreiești și în organizațiile de stat, după proclamarea Statului Israel, a garantat succesul renașterii acestei limbi.</li></ol> <p>Se disting următoarele etape ale limbii ebraice clasice: </p> <ul><li>ebraica biblică arhaică (secolele X–VI î. Hr.);</li> <li>ebraica clasică (secolul al VI-lea î. Hr.);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraica_biblic%C4%83_t%C3%A2rzie" title="Ebraica biblică târzie">ebraica biblică târzie</a> (secolele VI–IV î. Hr.);</li> <li>ebraica manuscriselor din Qumran (secolul al III-lea î. Hr.–secolul I e. n.);</li> <li>ebraica textelor mișnaice (secolele I–V e. n.).</li></ul> <p>Limba ebraică antică prezintă două perioade distincte de evoluare: ebraica biblică și ebraica din <i>Mișna</i>. În timpul Imperiului Bizantin timpuriu (secolul al IV-lea e. n.) ebraica vorbită dispare mai ales după apariția textului <i>Mișna</i> și după războiul lui Bar Kohba din 135 e. n. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ebraica_textelor_din_Mișna_și_Talmud"><span id="Ebraica_textelor_din_Mi.C8.99na_.C8.99i_Talmud"></span>Ebraica textelor din Mișna și Talmud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ebraica textelor din Mișna și Talmud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ebraica textelor din Mișna și Talmud"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denotarea ebraicii mișnaice este introdusă pentru a distinge dialectul <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudului</a> de cel al <a href="/wiki/Biblia_ebraic%C4%83" title="Biblia ebraică">Tanahului</a> (Vechiului Testament). Dialectele textelor talmudice se împart în două grupuri: ebraica mișnaică (sau tannaită), care era o limbă vorbită, și ebraica amoraică, care era o limbă literară, preponderent scrisă. </p><p>Cel mai vechi text talmudic a fost <i><a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99na" title="Mișna">Mișna</a></i> (משנה), care a fost scris aproximativ în anul 200 e. n. în așa numita ebraică mișnaică. Același dialect al ebraicei a fost observat și în manuscrisele de la <a href="/wiki/Marea_Moart%C4%83" title="Marea Moartă">Marea Moartă</a>. Ebraica mișnaică este considerată un dialect al limbii ebraice clasice și a funcționat ca limbă de comunicație în Israel. </p><p>O formă de tranziție a limbii ebraice poate fi întâlnită în textele care au fost scrise drept comentariu la <i>Mișna</i> în următoarele secole: <i>Midrashim</i> (<i>Sifra</i>, <i>Sifre</i>, <i>Mechilta</i>) și culegerea de comentarii suplimentare la <i>Mișna</i> cunoscută ca <i>Tosefta</i> (תוספתא). Peste un secol după scrierea textului <i>Mișna</i>, ebraica mișnaică a încetat de a fi folosită ca limbă curentă vorbită. Totuși ebraica a supraviețuit ca limbă literară și liturgică în forma „amoraică”, care poate fi găsită în <i>Ghemara</i> (comentarii suplimentare la <i>Mișna</i> și <i>Baraitot</i>), alături de textul dominant scris in aramaică </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ebraica_medievală"><span id="Ebraica_medieval.C4.83"></span>Ebraica medievală</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ebraica medievală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ebraica medievală"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După încheierea <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudului</a> (scris timp de câteva generații) a apărut o varietate de dialecte medievale ebraice. Cel mai răspândit dintre ele a fost ebraica tiberiană sau masoretică, un dialect din <a href="/wiki/Galileea" title="Galileea">Galileea</a>, care a devenit standardizat în vocalizarea textelor scrise. Ebraica tiberiană reprezintă lucrarea de vocalizare a textelor biblice, pentru a păstra exact pronunția corectă a cuvintelor. Cărturarii care au promovat-o, „masoreții”, au adăugat semnele diacritice (<i>nekudot</i>) pentru a folosi textele în cântările liturgice. Unicul text masoretic păstrat este <i>Codexul Aleppo</i>, scris în secolul al X-lea e. n. </p><p>În Secolul de Aur al culturii evreiești din <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberic%C4%83" title="Peninsula Iberică">Peninsula Iberică</a> s-au scris cele mai însemnate lucrări la capitolul gramatică și lexicologie al ebraicii biblice. Necesitatea de a exprima concepte abstracte împrumutate din filosofia clasică greacă sau arabă a impus învățaților medievali să împrumute termeni și structuri gramaticale din aceste limbi sau să creeze cuvinte noi cu ajutorul rădăcinilor ebraice existente. </p><p>O altă personalitate care a cizelat ebraica medievală a fost <a href="/wiki/Moise_Maimonide" title="Moise Maimonide">Moise Maimonide</a>, care a folosit (pe lângă scrierile sale în limba arabă) o ebraică bazată pe tradiția mișnaică. Literatura rabinică ulterioară este scrisă într-un amestec dintre stilul lui Maimonide și ebraica arameică a Talmudului. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evul Mediu</a> ebraica a fost folosită ca limbă de comunicare între evrei din diferite țări, în special în domeniul comerțului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folosirea_limbii_ebraice_în_liturghie"><span id="Folosirea_limbii_ebraice_.C3.AEn_liturghie"></span>Folosirea limbii ebraice în liturghie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Folosirea limbii ebraice în liturghie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Folosirea limbii ebraice în liturghie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limba ebraică a fost, împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Limba_aramaic%C4%83" title="Limba aramaică">aramaica</a>, o limbă a rugăciunilor și a studiilor religioase iudaice. Istoric, datorită diasporei, împrăștierii poporului evreu, legătura dintre diferitele comunități păstrându-se aproape exclusiv, în scris, au apărut deosebiri de pronunțare: </p> <ul><li><i>Ebraica așkenazilor</i> a apărut în <a href="/wiki/Europa_Central%C4%83" title="Europa Centrală">Europa Centrală</a> și <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Est" title="Europa de Est">de Est</a> și este folosită în unele sinagogi din Israel și din diaspora. Ea are unele particularități comune cu ebraica folosită de evreii din <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.</li> <li><i>Ebraica sefarzilor</i> a fost și este vorbită de evreii originari din <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> și <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a>. Pronunția acestui grai a stat la baza fonologiei ebraice contemporane.</li> <li><i>Ebraica orientală (mizrahică)</i> este un grup de graiuri apropiate de cel sefard, folosite de evrei în țările islamice. Posibil că au fost influențate de limba aramaică și de dialectele limbii arabe. Unii lingviști susțin că acest grai, mai gutural, ar fi mai apropiat de modul inițial de pronunțare al ebraicii biblice.</li></ul> <p>Pronunția askenază este mai frecventă în rândurile credincioșilor așkenazi ortodocși. Pronunția sefardă este uzitată astăzi în Israel în ambele rituri : așkenaz și sefard. Unii evrei în Israel și în diaspora pot stăpâni liturghia în ambele graiuri (pronunțări). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ebraica_modernă"><span id="Ebraica_modern.C4.83"></span>Ebraica modernă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ebraica modernă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ebraica modernă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În epoca modernă, începând cu <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolul al XIX-lea</a>, limba ebraică este supranumită „ebraica contemporană”, „ebraica israeliană”, „noua ebraică” (<i>ivrit hadashá</i>). Ebraica contemporană a păstrat multe caracteristici ale graiului sefardic, dar s-a îmbogățit considerabil cu neologisme numeroase (mai ales din domeniul tehnicii, științei și administrației) și cu împrumuturi de cuvinte și expresii din limbile europene (mai ales din <a href="/wiki/Englez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleză">engleză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusă">rusă</a>, <a href="/wiki/German%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Germană">germană</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idi%C8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiș">idiș</a>) și din cea <a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabă">arabă</a>. Și din <a href="/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Limba română">limba română</a> au pătruns câteva cuvinte, de notat în special „hora”, intrată în ebraica modernă de la finele secolului al XIX-lea, împreună cu dansul respectiv, adoptat ca principal dans popular israelian. </p><p>Limba și argoul israeliene folosesc și ele astăzi un număr de cuvinte împrumutate din limbile diasporei – ca idiș, ladino, rusă, poloneză, arabă, inclusiv saluturi (<i>ahlan</i>), cuvinte apreciative ca <i>sababa</i> sau <i>ahla</i> (excelent), cât și înjurături. </p><p>Forma și uzul literar al limbii ebraice contemporane începe cu <i>Haskala</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism">Iluminismul</a> evreiesc) din mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea. În acea perioadă apar o serie de publicații periodice în limba ebraică (<i>Hamagid</i> – în <a href="/wiki/Prusia" title="Prusia">Prusia</a>, <i>Haioeț</i> – în <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a> ș.a.). Între poeții care au scris în ebraica modernă s-au distins la începutul secolului al XX-lea <a href="/wiki/Haim_Nahman_Bialik" title="Haim Nahman Bialik">Haim Nahman Bialik</a> și <a href="/wiki/Saul_Cernihovski" title="Saul Cernihovski">Saul Cernihovski</a>. </p><p>Renașterea limbii ebraice ca „limbă vie”, folosită unanim și cotidian, a fost inițiată de <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Ben-Yehuda" title="Eliezer Ben-Yehuda">Eliezer Ben-Yehuda</a> (1858–1922). El s-a alăturat mișcării sioniste de renaștere națională și în <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a> a emigrat în <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, pe atunci parte a <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman" title="Imperiul Otoman">Imperiului Otoman</a>. Motivat de idealurile de schimbare a modului de viață din diaspora evreiască europeană (<i>ștetl</i>), Ben-Yehuda începe să caute căi pentru a transforma o limbă liturgică și livrescă într-una vorbită. Efortul principal a fost de a deschide instituții de învățământ care să folosească numai ebraica ca limbă de predare. Pentru a realiza acest proiect Ben-Yehuda a scris o serie de manuale școlare. Numai după cea de-a doua <i>Alia</i> (val de reîntoarcere a evreilor în Israel) se poate constata o mișcare organizată de modernizare a limbii. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Biblia_ebraic%C4%83" title="Biblia ebraică">Biblia ebraică</a> (תנ"ך, <i>Tanah</i>) este scrisă în limba clasică ebraică din perioada exilului babilonian în secolul al VI-lea î. Hr. De aceea evreii au numit ebraica în decursul veacurilor „limbă sacră” (לשון הקודש, <i>Lashon Hakodesh</i>). </p><p>După căderea <a href="/wiki/Ierusalim" title="Ierusalim">Ierusalimului</a> în anul <a href="/wiki/70" title="70">70</a> și începutul diasporei evreiești, ebraica a devenit o limbă literară, folosită în rugăciune și studiul <a href="/wiki/Biblie" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblie">Bibliei</a>. A fost reînviată în secolele al XIX-lea și al XX-lea, pentru a înlocui dialectele <a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">iudeo-arabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_aramaic%C4%83" title="Limba aramaică">iudeo-arameice</a>, iudeo-buhare, <a href="/wiki/Limba_ladino" title="Limba ladino">limba ladino</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_idi%C8%99" title="Limba idiș">limba idiș</a> ca limbă națională a evreilor. Începând cu anul <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> limba ebraică a devenit limbă oficială în <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, aflată la acea dată sub mandat britanic, iar odată cu proclamarea statului independent Israel, la <a href="/wiki/14_mai" title="14 mai">14 mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>, ea a devenit limba oficială a acestuia. </p><p>Ebraica modernă este singura care a supraviețuit dintre limbile canaanite.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemul_de_scriere_și_vocalizare"><span id="Sistemul_de_scriere_.C8.99i_vocalizare"></span>Sistemul de scriere și vocalizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistemul de scriere și vocalizare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemul de scriere și vocalizare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limba ebraică contemporană folosește alfabetul ebraic (pătrat). Alfabetul pătrat de asemenea este folosit în aramaică și idiș. Acest alfabet a fost împrumutat din arameică în sec. al VI-lea înainte de <a href="/wiki/Cristos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristos">Cristos</a>. În alfabetul ebraic fiecare semn denotă un anumit sunet. În total alfabetul conține 22 de semne, toate fiind consonante. În ebraică nu există semne alfabetice care ar fi vocale, dar unele litere (alef, ain, iud și vav) și-au pierdut calitatea de consoane și sunt folosite ca vocale. </p><p>Scrierea literelor se face una după alta, fără legătură, de la dreapta spre stânga. Acest mod de scris se datorează faptului că primele scrieri s-au făcut pe dale de piatră, cu dalta și ciocanul, dalta în mâna stângă și ciocanul în cea dreaptă. Scrierea ebraică nu cunoaște litere majuscule și minuscule. Există două seturi de litere: unul pentru tipar, și unul pentru scrierea de mână. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_alef.png" class="mw-file-description" title="א Alef"><img alt="א Alef" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hebrew_letter_alef.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_alef.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hebrew_letter_alef.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_alef.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Hebrew_letter_alef.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> א Alef</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_bet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ב Bet"><img alt="ב Bet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hebrew_letter_bet.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_bet.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hebrew_letter_bet.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_bet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Hebrew_letter_bet.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ב Bet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_gimel.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ג Gimel"><img alt="ג Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hebrew_letter_gimel.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_gimel.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hebrew_letter_gimel.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_gimel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Hebrew_letter_gimel.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ג Gimel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_dalet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ד Dalet"><img alt="ד Dalet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hebrew_letter_dalet.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_dalet.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hebrew_letter_dalet.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_dalet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Hebrew_letter_dalet.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ד Dalet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_he.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ה He"><img alt="ה He" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hebrew_letter_he.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_he.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hebrew_letter_he.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_he.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Hebrew_letter_he.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ה He</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_vav.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ו Vav"><img alt="ו Vav" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hebrew_letter_vav.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_vav.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hebrew_letter_vav.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_vav.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Hebrew_letter_vav.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ו Vav</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_zayin.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ז Zain"><img alt="ז Zain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hebrew_letter_zayin.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_zayin.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hebrew_letter_zayin.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_zayin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Hebrew_letter_zayin.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ז Zain </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_het.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ח Het"><img alt="ח Het" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hebrew_letter_het.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_het.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hebrew_letter_het.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_het.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Hebrew_letter_het.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ח Het</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_tet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ט Tet"><img alt="ט Tet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hebrew_letter_tet.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_tet.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hebrew_letter_tet.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_tet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Hebrew_letter_tet.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ט Tet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_yod.png" class="mw-file-description" title="י Iud"><img alt="י Iud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hebrew_letter_yod.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_yod.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hebrew_letter_yod.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_yod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Hebrew_letter_yod.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> י Iud</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_kaf.png" class="mw-file-description" title="כ Kaf"><img alt="כ Kaf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hebrew_letter_kaf.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_kaf.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hebrew_letter_kaf.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_kaf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Hebrew_letter_kaf.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> כ Kaf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_final_kaf.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ך Kaf (finală)"><img alt="ך Kaf (finală)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hebrew_letter_final_kaf.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_final_kaf.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Hebrew_letter_final_kaf.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_final_kaf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Hebrew_letter_final_kaf.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ך Kaf (finală)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_lamed.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ל Lamed"><img alt="ל Lamed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hebrew_letter_lamed.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_lamed.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hebrew_letter_lamed.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_lamed.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Hebrew_letter_lamed.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ל Lamed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_mem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="מ Mem"><img alt="מ Mem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hebrew_letter_mem.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_mem.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hebrew_letter_mem.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_mem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Hebrew_letter_mem.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> מ Mem</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_final_mem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ם Mem (finală)"><img alt="ם Mem (finală)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hebrew_letter_final_mem.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_final_mem.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hebrew_letter_final_mem.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_final_mem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Hebrew_letter_final_mem.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ם Mem (finală)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_nun.png" class="mw-file-description" title="נ Nun"><img alt="נ Nun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hebrew_letter_nun.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_nun.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hebrew_letter_nun.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_nun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Hebrew_letter_nun.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> נ Nun</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_final_nun.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ן Nun (finală)"><img alt="ן Nun (finală)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Hebrew_letter_final_nun.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_final_nun.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Hebrew_letter_final_nun.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_final_nun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Hebrew_letter_final_nun.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ן Nun (finală)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_samekh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ס Sameh"><img alt="ס Sameh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hebrew_letter_samekh.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_samekh.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hebrew_letter_samekh.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_samekh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Hebrew_letter_samekh.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ס Sameh </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_ayin.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ע Ain"><img alt="ע Ain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hebrew_letter_ayin.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_ayin.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hebrew_letter_ayin.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_ayin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Hebrew_letter_ayin.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ע Ain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_pe.png" class="mw-file-description" title="פ Pe"><img alt="פ Pe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hebrew_letter_pe.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_pe.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hebrew_letter_pe.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_pe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Hebrew_letter_pe.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> פ Pe </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_final_pe.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ף Pe (finală)"><img alt="ף Pe (finală)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hebrew_letter_final_pe.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_final_pe.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Hebrew_letter_final_pe.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_final_pe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Hebrew_letter_final_pe.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ף Pe (finală)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_tsadi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="צ Țadi"><img alt="צ Țadi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hebrew_letter_tsadi.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_tsadi.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hebrew_letter_tsadi.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_tsadi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Hebrew_letter_tsadi.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> צ Țadi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_final_tsadi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ץ Țadi (finală)"><img alt="ץ Țadi (finală)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hebrew_letter_final_tsadi.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_final_tsadi.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hebrew_letter_final_tsadi.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_final_tsadi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Hebrew_letter_final_tsadi.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ץ Țadi (finală)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_qof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ק Kuf"><img alt="ק Kuf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hebrew_letter_qof.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_qof.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hebrew_letter_qof.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_qof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Hebrew_letter_qof.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ק Kuf</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_resh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ר Reș"><img alt="ר Reș" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hebrew_letter_resh.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_resh.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hebrew_letter_resh.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_resh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Hebrew_letter_resh.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ר Reș</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_shin.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ש Sin/Șin"><img alt="ש Sin/Șin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hebrew_letter_shin.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_shin.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hebrew_letter_shin.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_shin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Hebrew_letter_shin.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ש Sin/Șin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hebrew_letter_tav.png" class="mw-file-description" title="ת Tav"><img alt="ת Tav" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hebrew_letter_tav.png/120px-Hebrew_letter_tav.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Hebrew_letter_tav.png/180px-Hebrew_letter_tav.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Hebrew_letter_tav.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> ת Tav</div> </li> </ul> <p>Alfabetul ebraic conține în total 22 de litere, iar scrierea și, respectiv, citirea se fac de la dreapta la stânga și de sus în jos (în acest tabel sunt prezentate numai literele de tipar - 2 fonturi). </p><p>Vocalele sunt înregistrate cu ajutorul vocalizării - așa numitele (נקודות) „nekudot” - o serie de puncte și linioare (ștrihuri). În majoritatea textelor vocalizarea este omisă, dar se păstrează în mod obligatoriu în textele religioase,în cântece, în poezii, în manualele școlare și în cărțile pentru copii. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemul_de_notare_a_vocalelor">Sistemul de notare a vocalelor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistemul de notare a vocalelor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemul de notare a vocalelor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semnele de notare a vocalelor sunt folosite în texte pentru a completa textul consonantic cu vocale. Pronunția sunetelor "a, e, i, o, u" coincide în general cu cele din limba română. Vocalele în limba ebraică nu sunt palatalizate înaintea sunetelor i, e. Vocalele sunt scrise dedesubtul sau deasupra literei. </p> <table class="standard"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Semnul<br />vocalizării </th> <th>Denumirea<br />semnului </th> <th>Cum se citește </th> <th> </th> <th>Exemple </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:3em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ַ </td> <td>Patah </td> <td> </td> <td><i>а</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>אַתָּה(<i>ata</i>), עַיִן(<i>iain</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ָ </td> <td>Kamaț </td> <td> </td> <td><i>а</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>קָרָא (<i>kara</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֵ </td> <td>Țere </td> <td> </td> <td><i>e</i> închis </td> <td> </td> <td>בֵּן (<i>ben</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֶ </td> <td>Segol </td> <td> </td> <td><i>e</i> deschis </td> <td> </td> <td>דֶּרֶךְ (<i>dereh</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ִ </td> <td>Hirik </td> <td> </td> <td><i>i</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>אִם (<i>im</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">י ִ </td> <td>Hirik cu yod </td> <td> </td> <td><i>i</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>כִּי (<i>ki</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֹ </td> <td>Holam haser </td> <td> </td> <td><i>о</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>כֹּהֵן (<i>kohen</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֹו </td> <td>Holam male </td> <td> </td> <td><i>о</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>טוֹב (<i>tov</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ָ </td> <td>Kamaț katan </td> <td> </td> <td><i>о</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>כָּל (<i>kol</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֻ </td> <td>Kubbuț </td> <td> </td> <td><i>u</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ו </td> <td>Șuruk </td> <td> </td> <td><i>u</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>הוּא (<i>hu</i>) </td> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption></table> <p><br /> </p> <div id="vowels"></div> <p>Unele vocale neaccentuate pot fi notate cu ajutorul semnului <i>șva</i>ְ (două puncte sub literă), sau cu ajutorul unei combinații <i>șva</i> și semnele <i>segol</i>, <i>kamaț</i> și <i>patah</i>. Acest grup este numit hataf-vocale. </p><p>Hataf - vocale : </p> <table class="standard"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Senmul<br />vocalizării </th> <th>Denumirea<br />semnului </th> <th>Cum se citește </th> <th>Exemple </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֳ </td> <td><i>hataf-kamaț</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>sunet neaccentuat<i>b</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֲ </td> <td><i>hataf-patah</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>sunet neaccentuat <i>а</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:4em;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;">ֱ </td> <td><i>hataf-segol</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>אֱלֹהִים (elohim) </td> <td>sunet neaccentuat <i>e</i> deschis </td> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg/350px-Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg/525px-Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg/700px-Example_of_biblical_Hebrew_trope.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><b>Textul versetului din Geneza 1:9 „Și a zis Dumnezeu: Să se strângă apele”.</b><br /><b>Literele sînt scrise cu negru, <font color="#CC0000">semnele de vocalizare în roșu</font>, <font color="#0000CC">semnele de cantilare în albastru</font></b></figcaption></figure> <p>Faptul că unui sunet îi revine mai multe semne de notare este explicat tradițional prin diferențierea sunetelor lungi și scurte. În ebraica contemporană această diferență în pronunție nu mai există, dar s-a păstrat în scrierea și ortografierea cuvintelor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <cite class="citation web">Irene Thompson (<time datetime="2016-06-15">15 iunie 2016</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aboutworldlanguages.com/hebrew">„Hebrew”</a>. <i>About World Languages</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+World+Languages&rft.atitle=Hebrew&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft.au=Irene+Thompson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faboutworldlanguages.com%2Fhebrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+ebraic%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moore Cross, Frank (<time datetime="1997">1997</time>). <i>Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in History of the Religion of Israel</i>. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-674-09176-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-674-09176-0">0-674-09176-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canaanite+Myth+and+Hebrew+Epic%3A+Essays+in+History+of+the+Religion+of+Israel&rft.place=Massachusetts&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-674-09176-0&rft.aulast=Moore+Cross&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+ebraic%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kuzar, Ron (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Hebrew and Zionism: a discourse analytic cultural study</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3-11-016993-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/3-11-016993-2">3-11-016993-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hebrew+and+Zionism%3A+a+discourse+analytic+cultural+study&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-11-016993-2&rft.aulast=Kuzar&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+ebraic%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a>, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781403917232"><i>Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. (<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781403917232" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781403917232</a> / <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781403938695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781403938695</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_ebraic%C4%83&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox" style="align:right; padding:0.2em; margins:0em; clear:right;"> <table class="expansion" style="width:24em; background:#f7f8ff; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0em; margins:0em; font-size:83%; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Shalom_black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shalom_black.svg/65px-Shalom_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shalom_black.svg/98px-Shalom_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shalom_black.svg/130px-Shalom_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="168" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;"><b>Acest articol conține text în <a class="mw-selflink selflink">limba ebraică</a>.</b></span> Fără suport de afișare corespunzător, se pot vedea semne de întrebare, pătrățele sau alte simboluri în locul caracterelor ebraice. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vopus.org/ro/gnoza-gnosticism/cabala/secretele-alfabetului-ebraic.html">Alfabetul ebraic și gematria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080211125423/http://www.vopus.org/ro/gnoza-gnosticism/cabala/secretele-alfabetului-ebraic.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-02-11">11 februarie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebrew.ecott.ch">Ebraica moderna</a> (engl.)</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Limbi_afro-asiatice_majore1" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Limbi_afro-asiatice" title="Format:Limbi afro-asiatice"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_chaou%C3%AFa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba chaouïa — pagină inexistentă">Chaouïa</a> <small>(2,1 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_kabil%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba kabilă — pagină inexistentă">Kabilă</a> <small>(5,5 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_tacelhit%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba tacelhită — pagină inexistentă">Tacelhită</a> <small>(7 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_tamazight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba tamazight — pagină inexistentă">Tamazight</a> <small>(4,7 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_tarifit%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba tarifită — pagină inexistentă">Tarifită</a> <small>(4,3 mil.)</small></li></ul> 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mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_beja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba beja — pagină inexistentă">Beja</a> <small>(3,3 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_oromo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba oromo — pagină inexistentă">Oromo</a> <small>(17,4 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_sidamo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba sidamo — pagină inexistentă">Sidamo</a> <small>(3 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_somalez%C4%83" title="Limba somaleză">Somaleză</a> <small>(16,2 mil.)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limba_egiptean%C4%83" title="Limba egipteană">Egiptene</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limba_copt%C4%83" title="Limba coptă">Coptă</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limba_egiptean%C4%83" title="Limba egipteană">Egipteană</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_omotice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbi omotice — pagină inexistentă">Omotice</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_wolaytta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba wolaytta — pagină inexistentă">Wolaytta</a> <small>(1,7 mil.)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_semitice" title="Limbi semitice">Semitice</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limba_akkadian%C4%83" title="Limba akkadiană">Akkadiană</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_amharic%C4%83" title="Limba amharică">Amharică</a> <small>(25,8 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">Arabă</a> <small>(313,1 mil.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_aramaic%C4%83" title="Limba aramaică">Aramaică</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ebraică</a> <small>(9,2 mil.)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limba_fenician%C4%83" title="Limba feniciană">Feniciană</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_g%C3%AE%27%C3%AEz" title="Limba gî'îz">Gî'îz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_tigrinya" title="Limba tigrinya">Tigrinya</a> <small>(7,6 mil.)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italicele</i> indică o <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_moart%C4%83" title="Limbă moartă">limbă moartă</a>.<br /><sup>1</sup> Cu cel puțin un milion de vorbitori</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>203 limbi</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Adăugare subiect</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c5dd74596-qcwbj","wgBackendResponseTime":131,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.319","walltime":"0.416","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1011,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":45977,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3334,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":35086,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 338.330 1 -total"," 42.29% 143.072 1 Format:Infocaseta_Limbă"," 41.31% 139.780 1 Format:Infocasetă"," 22.01% 74.457 1 Format:Limbi_afro-asiatice"," 21.49% 72.721 1 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