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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="আবু শামা মাকদিসি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবু শামা মাকদিসি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Xama_al-Maqdiss%C3%AD" title="Abu-Xama al-Maqdissí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abu-Xama al-Maqdissí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ابوشامه مقدسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابوشامه مقدسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Sh%C4%81ma" title="Abū Shāma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abū Shāma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99" title="אבו שאמה אל-מקדיסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבו שאמה אל-מקדיסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Әбу Шама әл-Мақдиси – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әбу Шама әл-Мақдиси" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_S%C3%A1ma" title="Abu Sáma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abu Sáma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ابو شامة المقدسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابو شامة المقدسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Szama" title="Abu Szama – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abu Szama" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Абу Шама аль-Макдиси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абу Шама аль-Макдиси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Shama" title="Abu Shama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abu Shama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="ابو شامہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابو شامہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%87_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%85%DB%95%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ئىمام ئەبۇ شامە ئەلمەقدىسىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىمام ئەبۇ شامە ئەلمەقدىسىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" 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id="mw-revision-info-current"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Carthago814" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Carthago814" data-mw-revid="1276810359"><bdi>Carthago814</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Carthago814" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Carthago814">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Carthago814" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Carthago814">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">22:06, 20 February 2025</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b><span id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 22:06, 20 February 2025 by <a href="/wiki/User:Carthago814" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Carthago814" data-mw-revid="1276810359"><bdi>Carthago814</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Carthago814" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Carthago814">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Carthago814" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Carthago814">contribs</a>)</span></span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Shama&diff=prev&oldid=1276810359" title="Abu Shama">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Shama&direction=prev&oldid=1276810359" title="Abu Shama">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Damascene historian</div> <p><b>Abū Shāma Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maḳdisī</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (10 January 1203 – 13 June 1267)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> historian. </p><p>Abū Shāma was born in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, where he passed his whole life save for one year in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, a fortnight in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and two pilgrimages to the <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ij%C4%81z" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥijāz">Ḥijāz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an eyewitness to and provides the most precise information about the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1229)" title="Siege of Damascus (1229)">siege of Damascus</a> in May–June 1229.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphreys1977448_n22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphreys1977448_n22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a diverse <a href="/wiki/Sunn%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnī">Sunnī</a> education and wrote on a variety of topics. In 1263, he became a professor in the Damascene <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a> of al-Rukniyya and al-Ashrafiyya. He died five years later in Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five works by Abū Shāma survive. All the rest have been lost, some in a fire that destroyed his library. He is best known today for his three historical writings, especially his two volumes on <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Zengid" class="mw-redirect" title="Zengid">Zengid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a> periods:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Kitāb al-rawḍatayn fī akhbār al-dawlatayn al-Nūriyya wa-l-Ṣalāḥiyya</i> (The Book of the Two Gardens, Concerning Affairs of the Reigns of Nūr al-Dīn and Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a chronological account of the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din (died 1174)">Nūr al-Dīn</a> (1146–1174) and <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn</a> (1174–1193). He is careful to cite his sources. His main ones are <i>al-Barḳ al-Shāmī</i> of <a href="/wiki/Imad_al-Din_al-Isfahani" title="Imad al-Din al-Isfahani">ʿImād al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī</a>, <i>Sīrat Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn</i> of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ab%C4%AB_%E1%B9%ACayy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abī Ṭayy">Ibn Abī Ṭayy</a> and the epistles (<i>Rasāʾil</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Al-%E1%B8%B2%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB_al-F%C4%81%E1%B8%8Dil" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ḳāḍī al-Fāḍil">al-Ḳāḍī al-Fāḍil</a>. He usually quotes his sources verbatim, with the exception of ʿImād al-Dīn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>al-Dhayl ʿalaʾl-rawḍatayn</i> (Sequel to the Two Gardens),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a continuation of the previous work down to contemporary events. His main source in the first part is the <i>Mirʾāt al-Zamān</i> of <a href="/wiki/Sib%E1%B9%AD_ibn_al-Jawz%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī">Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī</a> and in the second part himself as eyewitness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Taʾrīkh Dimashḳ</i> (History of Damascus), a summary of the eponymous work of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BFAs%C4%81kir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʿAsākir">Ibn ʿAsākir</a> (died 1175). It survives in two versions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Abū Shāma's works are important sources for the history of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are partial translations in French<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and German.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abū Shāma also wrote commentaries on: </p> <ul><li>the <i>Ḳaṣīda al-Shāṭibiyya</i> of <a href="/wiki/Abu%CA%BEl-%E1%B8%B2%C4%81sim_ibn_Firruh_al-Ru%CA%BFayn%C4%AB_al-Sh%C4%81%E1%B9%ADib%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuʾl-Ḳāsim ibn Firruh al-Ruʿaynī al-Shāṭibī">al-Shāṭibī</a> (died 1194)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>seven poems on <a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥammad">Muḥammad</a> by his teacher ʿAlam al-Dīn al-Sakhāwī (died 1245)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Shama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Full name: <i>Abū Shāma Shihāb al-Dīn Abuʾl-Ḳāsim ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn ʿUthmān ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Maḳdisī</i> (or <i>al-Maqdisī</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmad1960">Ahmad 1960</a> gives the <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijrī</a> dates 23 Rabīʿ II 599 – 19 Ramaḍān 665, but gives the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a> year of his death as 1268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i><a href="/wiki/Recueil_des_Historiens_des_Croisades" class="mw-redirect" title="Recueil des Historiens des Croisades">Recueil des Historiens des Croisades</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recueildeshistor04acad_0/page/n21/mode/2up">Historiens Orientaux 4</a> (Paris, 1898).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Shama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmad1960_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmad1960">Ahmad 1960</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphreys1977448_n22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphreys1977448_n22_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphreys1977">Humphreys 1977</a>, p. 448 n22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAntrim2009_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAntrim2009">Antrim 2009</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Shama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAhmad1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ahmad, Hilmy (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0250">"Abū Shāma"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hendrik_Kramers" title="Johannes Hendrik Kramers">Kramers, J. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume I:<i> A–B</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_0250">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0250</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ab%C5%AB+Sh%C4%81ma&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_0250&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Hilmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_0250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Shama" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntrim2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Antrim, Zayde (2009). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37274422/Abu_Shama_EI3_2009_2">"Abū Shāma Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maqdisī"</a></span>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ab%C5%AB+Sh%C4%81ma+Shih%C4%81b+al-D%C4%ABn+al-Maqdis%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft.aulast=Antrim&rft.aufirst=Zayde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37274422%2FAbu_Shama_EI3_2009_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Shama" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys1977" class="citation book cs1">Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977). <i>From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260</i>. State University of New York Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Saladin+to+the+Mongols%3A+The+Ayyubids+of+Damascus%2C+1193%E2%80%931260&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=R.+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Shama" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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