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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Esther 1:22 He sent letters to all the provinces of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language, proclaiming that every man should be master of his own household.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/esther/1-22.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/19/17_Est_01_22.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Esther 1:22 - Queen Vashti Deposed" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="He sent letters to all the provinces of the kingdom, to each province in its own 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src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad2.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/esther/1-21.htm" title="Esther 1:21">◄</a> Esther 1:22 <a href="/esther/2-1.htm" title="Esther 2:1">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/esther/1.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/esther/1.htm">New International Version</a> He sent dispatches to all parts of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language, proclaiming that every man should be ruler over his own household, using his native tongue. <a href="/nlt/esther/1.htm">New Living Translation</a> He sent letters to all parts of the empire, to each province in its own script and language, proclaiming that every man should be the ruler of his own home and should say whatever he pleases. <a href="/esv/esther/1.htm">English Standard Version</a> He sent letters to all the royal provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, that every man be master in his own household and speak according to the language of his people. <a href="/bsb/esther/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> He sent letters to all the provinces of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language, proclaiming that every man should be master of his own household. <a href="/kjv/esther/1.htm">King James Bible</a> For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people. <a href="/nkjv/esther/1.htm">New King James Version</a> Then he sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to each province in its own script, and to every people in their own language, that each man should be master in his own house, and speak in the language of his own people. <a href="/nasb_/esther/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> So he sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to each province according to its script and to every people according to their language, that every man was to be the ruler in his own house and the one who speaks in the language of his own people. <a href="/nasb/esther/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> So he sent letters to all the king&#8217s provinces, to each province according to its script and to every people according to their language, that every man should be the master in his own house and the one who speaks in the language of his own people. <a href="/nasb77/esther/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> So he sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to each province according to its script and to every people according to their language, that every man should be the master in his own house and the one who speaks in the language of his own people. <a href="/lsb/esther/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> So he sent letters to all the king’s provinces, to each province according to its script and to every people according to their tongue, that every man should be the ruler in his own house and the one who speaks in the tongue of his own people. <a href="/amp/esther/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> So he sent letters to all the royal provinces, to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language, saying that every man should be the master and rule in his own home and that he should speak [in the household] in the language of his own people. <a href="/csb/esther/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> He sent letters to all the royal provinces, to each province in its own script and to each ethnic group in its own language, that every man should be master of his own house and speak in the language of his own people. <a href="/hcsb/esther/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> He sent letters to all the royal provinces, to each province in its own script and to each ethnic group in its own language, that every man should be master of his own house and speak in the language of his own people. <a href="/asv/esther/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and should speak according to the language of his people. <a href="/cev/esther/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> and he sent letters to all of his provinces. Each letter was written in the language of the province to which it was sent, and it said that husbands should be in charge of their wives and children. <a href="/erv/esther/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and should publish it according to the language of his people. <a href="/gwt/esther/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> He sent official documents to all the king's provinces, to each province in its own script and to the people in each province in their own language: "Let every husband be the ruler in his own house and speak with authority." <a href="/gnt/esther/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> To each of the royal provinces he sent a message in the language and the system of writing of that province, saying that every husband should be the master of his home and speak with final authority. <a href="/isv/esther/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> He sent letters to all the provinces of the king, written in the script of that province, and to each people in their own language, ordering that every man should be the master in his house and speak the language of his own people. <a href="/msb/esther/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> He sent letters to all the provinces of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language, proclaiming that every man should be master of his own household. <a href="/net/esther/1.htm">NET Bible</a> He sent letters throughout all the royal provinces, to each province according to its own script and to each people according to its own language, that every man should be ruling his family and should be speaking the language of his own people. <a href="/nheb/esther/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, that every man should rule his own house, speaking in the language of his own people. <a href="/wbt/esther/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing of it, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people. <a href="/web/esther/1.htm">World English Bible</a> for he sent letters into all the king’s provinces, into every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, that every man should rule his own house, speaking in the language of his own people. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/esther/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> and sends letters to all provinces of the king, to province and province according to its writing, and to people and people according to its tongue, for every man being head in his own house—and speaking according to the language of his people. <a href="/ylt/esther/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> and sendeth letters unto all provinces of the king, unto province and province according to its writing, and unto people and people according to its tongue, for every man being head in his own house -- and speaking according to the language of his people. <a href="/slt/esther/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And he will send letters to all the provinces of the king, to provinces and provinces, according to its writing, and to people and people, according to their tongue, for every man to be ruling in his house; and being spoken according to the tongue of his people.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/esther/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And he sent letters to all the provinces of his kingdom, as every nation could hear and read, in divers languages and characters, that the husbands should be rulers and masters in their houses: and that this should be published to every people. <a href="/cpdv/esther/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> <V 3:22>and he sent letters to all the provinces of his kingdom, so that every nation was able to hear and to read, in various languages and letters, that husbands are to be the greater rulers in their own houses, and that this should be published to every people. <a href="/nabre/esther/1.htm">New American Bible</a> He sent letters to all the royal provinces, to each province in its own script and to each people in its own language, to the effect that every man should be lord in his own home. <a href="/nrsvce/esther/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> he sent letters to all the royal provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, declaring that every man should be master in his own house.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/esther/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And he sent letters to all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof and to every people according to its own language, that every man should bear rule in his own house and that it should be published according to the language of every people. <a href="/hpbt/esther/1.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And he sent a letter to all the provinces of the King, to each province according to its writing, and to each people according to its language, to cause every man to be authorized in his house, and communicating according to the language of its people. <div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/esther/1.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and speak according to the language of his people. <a href="/sep/esther/1.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> and sent into all his kingdom through the several provinces, according to their language, in order that men might be feared in their own houses. <a href="/parallel/esther/1-22.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TRosJDhNG-8?start=254" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/esther/1.htm">Queen Vashti Deposed</a> …21The king and his princes were pleased with this counsel; so the king did as Memucan had advised. 22<a href="/hebrew/7971.htm" title="7971: way·yiš·laḥ (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To send. A primitive root; to send away, for, or out.">He sent</a> <a href="/hebrew/5612.htm" title="5612: sə·p̄ā·rîm (N-mp) -- A missive, document, writing, book. Or ciphrah; from caphar; properly, writing; by implication, a book.">letters</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">to</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: kāl- (N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">all</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: mə·ḏî·nō·wṯ (N-fpc) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region.">the provinces</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·me·leḵ (Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">of the kingdom,</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">to</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: mə·ḏî·nāh (N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region.">each province</a> <a href="/hebrew/4082.htm" title="4082: ū·mə·ḏî·nāh (Conj-w:: N-fs) -- A province. From diyn; properly, a judgeship, i.e. Jurisdiction; by implication, a district; generally, a region."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3791.htm" title="3791: kiḵ·ṯā·ḇāh (Prep-k:: N-msc:: 3fs) -- A writing. From kathab; something written, i.e. A writing, record or book.">in its own script</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: wə·’el- (Conj-w:: Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">and to</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: ‘am (N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock.">each people</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: wā·‘ām (Conj-w:: N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3956.htm" title="3956: kil·šō·w·nōw (Prep-k:: N-csc:: 3ms) -- Tongue. Or lashon; also feminine lshonah; from lashan; the tongue, used literally, and figuratively.">in their own language,</a> <a href="/hebrew/1696.htm" title="1696: ū·mə·ḏab·bêr (Conj-w:: V-Piel-Prtcpl-ms) -- To speak. A primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively, to speak; rarely to subdue.">proclaiming</a> <a href="/hebrew/3956.htm" title="3956: kil·šō·wn (Prep-k:: N-csc) -- Tongue. Or lashon; also feminine lshonah; from lashan; the tongue, used literally, and figuratively."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: ‘am·mōw (N-msc:: 3ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: kāl- (N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">that every</a> <a href="/hebrew/376.htm" title="376: ’îš (N-ms) -- Man. Contracted for 'enowsh; a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term.">man</a> <a href="/hebrew/1961.htm" title="1961: lih·yō·wṯ (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To fall out, come to pass, become, be. A primitive root; to exist, i.e. Be or become, come to pass.">should be</a> <a href="/hebrew/8323.htm" title="8323: śō·rêr (V-Qal-Prtcpl-ms) -- To be or act as prince, rule. A primitive root; to have dominion.">master</a> <a href="/hebrew/1004.htm" title="1004: bə·ḇê·ṯōw (Prep-b:: N-msc:: 3ms) -- A house. Probably from banah abbreviated; a house.">of his own household.</a> <div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/ephesians/5-22.htm">Ephesians 5:22-24</a> Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. / For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, His body, of which He is the Savior. / Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything. <a href="/colossians/3-18.htm">Colossians 3:18</a> Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord. <a href="/1_peter/3-1.htm">1 Peter 3:1-6</a> Wives, in the same way, submit yourselves to your husbands, so that even if they refuse to believe the word, they will be won over without words by the behavior of their wives / when they see your pure and reverent demeanor. / Your beauty should not come from outward adornment, such as braided hair or gold jewelry or fine clothes, ... <a href="/genesis/3-16.htm">Genesis 3:16</a> To the woman He said: “I will sharply increase your pain in childbirth; in pain you will bring forth children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.” <a href="/1_corinthians/11-3.htm">1 Corinthians 11:3</a> But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. <a href="/1_timothy/2-11.htm">1 Timothy 2:11-12</a> A woman must learn in quietness and full submissiveness. / I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; she is to remain quiet. <a href="/titus/2-4.htm">Titus 2:4-5</a> In this way they can train the young women to love their husbands and children, / to be self-controlled, pure, managers of their households, kind, and submissive to their own husbands, so that the word of God will not be discredited. <a href="/proverbs/31-10.htm">Proverbs 31:10-31</a> A wife of noble character, who can find? She is far more precious than rubies. / The heart of her husband trusts in her, and he lacks nothing of value. / She brings him good and not harm all the days of her life. ... <a href="/1_corinthians/14-34.htm">1 Corinthians 14:34-35</a> Women are to be silent in the churches. They are not permitted to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says. / If they wish to inquire about something, they are to ask their own husbands at home; for it is dishonorable for a woman to speak in the church. <a href="/genesis/2-24.htm">Genesis 2:24</a> For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh. <a href="/1_samuel/25-19.htm">1 Samuel 25:19-20</a> and said to her young men, “Go ahead of me. I will be right behind you.” But she did not tell her husband Nabal. / As Abigail came riding her donkey into a mountain ravine, she saw David and his men coming down toward her, and she met them. <a href="/judges/4-4.htm">Judges 4:4-5</a> Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, was judging Israel at that time. / And she would sit under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, where the Israelites would go up to her for judgment. <a href="/numbers/30-3.htm">Numbers 30:3-16</a> And if a woman in her father’s house during her youth makes a vow to the LORD or obligates herself by a pledge, / and her father hears about her vow or pledge but says nothing to her, then all the vows or pledges by which she has bound herself shall stand. / But if her father prohibits her on the day he hears about it, then none of the vows or pledges by which she has bound herself shall stand. The LORD will absolve her because her father has prohibited her. ... <a href="/deuteronomy/24-5.htm">Deuteronomy 24:5</a> If a man is newly married, he must not be sent to war or be pressed into any duty. For one year he is free to stay at home and bring joy to the wife he has married. <a href="/ruth/1-16.htm">Ruth 1:16-18</a> But Ruth replied: “Do not urge me to leave you or to turn from following you. For wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you live, I will live; your people will be my people, and your God will be my God. / Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me.” / When Naomi saw that Ruth was determined to go with her, she stopped trying to persuade her.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people.into every province.<a href="/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12</a> Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.<a href="/esther/8-9.htm">Esther 8:9</a> Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.<a href="/daniel/3-29.htm">Daniel 3:29</a> Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill: because there is no other God that can deliver after this sort.that every man.<a href="/ephesians/5-22.htm">Ephesians 5:22-24</a> Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord… <a href="/1_timothy/2-12.htm">1 Timothy 2:12</a> But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence.<a href="/titus/2-4.htm">Titus 2:4,5</a> That they may teach the young women to be sober, to love their husbands, to love their children, … it should, etc.<a href="/esther/3-12.htm">Esther 3:12</a> Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.according.<a href="/luke/16-8.htm">Luke 16:8</a> And the lord commended the unjust steward, because he had done wisely: for the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light.<a href="/acts/2-5.htm">Acts 2:5-11</a> And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven… <a href="/1_corinthians/14-19.htm">1 Corinthians 14:19,20</a> Yet in the church I had rather speak five words with my understanding, that by my voice I might teach others also, than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/nehemiah/9-30.htm">Bear</a> <a href="/esther/1-9.htm">House</a> <a href="/esther/1-20.htm">King's</a> <a href="/nehemiah/6-19.htm">Letters</a> <a href="/nehemiah/11-3.htm">Province</a> <a href="/esther/1-16.htm">Provinces</a> <a href="/esther/1-20.htm">Published</a> <a href="/esther/1-19.htm">Royal</a> <a href="/esther/1-3.htm">Rule</a> <a href="/ezra/4-7.htm">Script</a> <a href="/nehemiah/13-24.htm">Speaking</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-5.htm">Speaks</a> <a href="/nehemiah/13-14.htm">Thereof</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-38.htm">Writing</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/esther/8-6.htm">Bear</a> <a href="/esther/2-3.htm">House</a> <a href="/esther/2-1.htm">King's</a> <a href="/esther/3-13.htm">Letters</a> <a href="/esther/3-12.htm">Province</a> <a href="/esther/2-3.htm">Provinces</a> <a href="/esther/2-8.htm">Published</a> <a href="/esther/2-16.htm">Royal</a> <a href="/esther/2-16.htm">Rule</a> <a href="/isaiah/8-1.htm">Script</a> <a href="/esther/3-4.htm">Speaking</a> <a href="/job/2-10.htm">Speaks</a> <a href="/esther/2-22.htm">Thereof</a> <a href="/esther/3-9.htm">Writing</a><div class="vheading2">Esther 1</div>1. <a href="/esther/1-1.htm">Xerxes makes royal feasts.</a> 10. <a href="/esther/1-10.htm">Vashti, sent for, refuses to come.</a> 13. <a href="/esther/1-13.htm">Xerxes, by the counsel of Memucan, puts away Vashti, and decrees men's sovereignty.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/1.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/esther/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/esther/1.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>He sent letters to all the provinces of the kingdom This phrase highlights the vastness of King Ahasuerus's empire, which stretched from India to Cush, encompassing 127 provinces. The use of letters indicates the administrative sophistication of the Persian Empire, which relied on an efficient postal system. This system is also referenced in <a href="/esther/8-10.htm">Esther 8:10</a>, where Mordecai sends letters to counter Haman's decree. The act of sending letters underscores the king's authority and the centralized power of the Persian monarchy.to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language The diversity of languages and scripts within the empire reflects its multicultural nature. This inclusivity ensured that the king's decrees were understood by all subjects, emphasizing the importance of communication in governance. The use of multiple languages is also seen in the story of the Tower of Babel (<a href="/genesis/11.htm">Genesis 11:1-9</a>), where language diversity is a result of divine intervention. The attention to linguistic detail in Esther foreshadows the New Testament's emphasis on the spread of the Gospel to all nations and tongues (<a href="/acts/2-6.htm">Acts 2:6-11</a>).proclaiming that every man should be master of his own household This decree reflects the patriarchal structure of ancient Near Eastern societies, where men held authority over their families. The cultural context of the time placed significant emphasis on male leadership within the home, as seen in other biblical passages like <a href="/ephesians/5-22.htm">Ephesians 5:22-24</a>, which discusses the roles of husbands and wives. The decree can be seen as a response to Queen Vashti's defiance, aiming to reinforce traditional gender roles. This theme of authority and submission is echoed in the broader biblical narrative, where Christ is depicted as the head of the Church, His bride (<a href="/ephesians/5-25.htm">Ephesians 5:25-27</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/k/king_ahasuerus.htm">King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I)</a> The Persian king who reigned over 127 provinces from India to Cush. He is known for his opulent lifestyle and the grand feast he held, which sets the stage for the events in the Book of Esther. 2. <a href="/topical/q/queen_vashti.htm">Queen Vashti</a> The queen who defied King Ahasuerus' command to appear before him and his guests, leading to her removal as queen. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_persian_empire.htm">The Persian Empire</a> A vast empire that stretched from India to Cush, known for its diverse cultures and languages, which is reflected in the king's decree being sent in various scripts and languages. 4. <a href="/topical/t/the_royal_decree.htm">The Royal Decree</a> A proclamation sent by King Ahasuerus to assert male authority in households across the empire, emphasizing cultural and linguistic unity within each household. 5. <a href="/topical/t/the_scribes_and_messengers.htm">The Scribes and Messengers</a> Those responsible for translating and delivering the king's decree to ensure it reached every corner of the empire in the appropriate language and script.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/c/cultural_sensitivity_and_communication.htm">Cultural Sensitivity and Communication</a> The king's decree was sent in each province's own script and language, highlighting the importance of clear communication and cultural sensitivity. In our interactions, we should strive to understand and respect cultural differences. <a href="/topical/a/authority_and_responsibility.htm">Authority and Responsibility</a> The decree emphasizes male leadership in the household. In a Christian context, this leadership should be exercised with love, humility, and responsibility, reflecting Christ's relationship with the Church. <a href="/topical/u/unity_in_diversity.htm">Unity in Diversity</a> Despite the vast diversity of the Persian Empire, the decree sought to establish a common order within households. Similarly, in the body of Christ, unity should be pursued amidst diversity, with each member contributing to the whole. <a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_decrees_and_laws.htm">The Role of Decrees and Laws</a> The king's decree shows the power of laws to shape societal norms. As Christians, we should be aware of how laws and cultural norms influence our lives and align them with biblical principles. <a href="/topical/t/the_impact_of_decisions.htm">The Impact of Decisions</a> The decision to remove Vashti and issue the decree had far-reaching consequences. Our decisions, especially those made in positions of authority, should be considered carefully, with an awareness of their potential impact.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_esther_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Esther 1</a> <a href="/q/what_is_the_feast_of_purim.htm">What is the Feast of Purim?</a> <a href="/q/why_do_acts_and_paul's_letters_differ.htm">Why does the Book of Acts contradict Paul's letters in describing his conversion?</a> <a href="/q/is_rapid_communication_in_esther_8_10_plausible.htm">How plausible is the rapid communication in Esther 8:10, given ancient travel and logistics constraints across such a vast empire?</a> <a href="/q/is_king_ahasuerus's_vast_domain_reliable.htm">How historically reliable is the vast domain of King Ahasuerus described in Esther 1:1, from India to Ethiopia?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/esther/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(22) He sent letters.--The Persian Empire was the first to possess a postal system (see esp. Herod. vii. 98). The Greek word for "compel," in <a href="/matthew/5-41.htm" title="And whoever shall compel you to go a mile, go with him two.">Matthew 5:41</a>; <a href="/matthew/27-32.htm" title="And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.">Matthew 27:32</a>, is simply a corruption of the Persian word for the impressment of men and horses for the royal service.That every man should . . .--The following words are, literally, be ruling in his own house, and speaking according to the language of his own people. The former clause may probably be taken as a proof of the existence of an undue amount of female influence generally in Persia; the second clause is more doubtful. The English Version does distinct violence to the Hebrew, perhaps because the literal rendering yielded a somewhat peculiar sense. Taking the words exactly as they stand, they can only mean that in a house where two or more languages are used, from the presence of foreign wives, the husband is to take care that his own language is not supplanted by any of theirs. This is intelligible enough, but is perhaps rather irrelevant to what goes before.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/esther/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 22. - For he sent. Rather, "and he sent." Besides publishing the decree, Ahasuerus sent letters prescribing certain things, viz.: - 1. That every man should bear rule in his own house; and, 2. That every man should speak his own language in his family, and not that of his wife, if it were different. This is the plain meaning of the existing text, which cannot bear either of the senses suggested in the Authorised Version. . . . <a href="/commentaries/esther/1-22.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>He sent וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח (way·yiš·laḥ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7971.htm">Strong's 7971: </a> To send away, for, out letters סְפָרִים֙ (sə·p̄ā·rîm) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5612.htm">Strong's 5612: </a> A missive, document, writing, book to אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to all כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> The whole, all, any, every the provinces מְדִינ֣וֹת (mə·ḏî·nō·wṯ) Noun - feminine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4082.htm">Strong's 4082: </a> A judgeship, jurisdiction, a district, a region of the kingdom, הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king to אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to each province מְדִינָ֤ה (mə·ḏî·nāh) Noun - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4082.htm">Strong's 4082: </a> A judgeship, jurisdiction, a district, a region in its own script כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ (kiḵ·ṯā·ḇāh) Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3791.htm">Strong's 3791: </a> Something written, a writing, record, book and to וְאֶל־ (wə·’el-) Conjunctive waw | Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to each people עַ֥ם (‘am) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5971.htm">Strong's 5971: </a> A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock in their own language, כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ (kil·šō·w·nōw) Preposition-k | Noun - common singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3956.htm">Strong's 3956: </a> The tongue proclaiming וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר (ū·mə·ḏab·bêr) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1696.htm">Strong's 1696: </a> To arrange, to speak, to subdue that every כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> The whole, all, any, every man אִישׁ֙ (’îš) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_376.htm">Strong's 376: </a> A man as an individual, a male person should be לִהְי֤וֹת (lih·yō·wṯ) Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1961.htm">Strong's 1961: </a> To fall out, come to pass, become, be master שֹׂרֵ֣ר (śō·rêr) Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8323.htm">Strong's 8323: </a> To be or act as prince, rule of his own household. בְּבֵית֔וֹ (bə·ḇê·ṯōw) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1004.htm">Strong's 1004: </a> A house <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/esther/1-22.htm">Esther 1:22 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/esther/1-22.htm">OT History: Esther 1:22 For he sent letters into all (Est Esth. Es) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/esther/1-21.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Esther 1:21"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Esther 1:21" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/esther/2-1.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Esther 2:1"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Esther 2:1" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>