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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondations_en_1189"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fondations en 1189</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondations_en_1189-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1189" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1189"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naissances en 1189</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1189-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1189" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1189"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Décès en 1189</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1189-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1189</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 136 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1189 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1189 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="১১৮৯ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১৮৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১১৮৯ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১১৮৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189." title="1189. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1189." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1189 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1189 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A9" title="١١٨٩ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١١٨٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189." title="1189. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1189." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1189 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1189 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1189 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1189 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%EB%85%84" title="1189년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1189년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_m." title="1189 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1189 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189._gads" title="1189. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1189. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. ११८९ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. ११८९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B8" title="1189 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1189 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9" title="۱۱۸۹ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۱۸۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् ११८९ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् ११८९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୧୮୯ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୧୮୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1189-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1189-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1189 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1189 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%D8%B9" title="1189ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1189ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1189" title="Соли 1189 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1189" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1732" title="พ.ศ. 1732 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1732" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1189 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1189 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%D8%A1" title="1189ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1189ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_n%C3%AE" title="1189 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1189 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1189"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit" 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title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&oldid=213623309" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=1189&id=213623309&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1189"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1189"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1189"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1189</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Barbarossa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg/220px-Barbarossa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg/330px-Barbarossa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg/440px-Barbarossa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Frédéric Barberousse en croisé, miniature d’un manuscrit de 1188.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a> <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a> <a href="/wiki/1188" title="1188">1188</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1189</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a> <a href="/wiki/1191" title="1191">1191</a> <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1150" title="Années 1150">1150</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1160" title="Années 1160">1160</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1170" title="Années 1170">1170</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1180" title="Années 1180">1180</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1190" title="Années 1190">1190</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1200" title="Années 1200">1200</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1210" title="Années 1210">1210</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Xe siècle">X<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle">XII<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1189 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>(,)</small> et * <a href="/wiki/1189_dans_les_croisades" title="1189 dans les croisades">Croisades</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1189 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1189_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1189 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1189</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_dimanche" title="Année commune commençant un dimanche">commence un dimanche</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13_janvier" title="13 janvier">13 janvier</a> : rupture de la trêve entre <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II d'Angleterre">Henri II Plantagenêt</a> et <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Auguste" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Auguste">Philippe Auguste</a> ; le roi de France et <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard <i>Cœur de Lion</i></a> envahissent ses domaines continentaux<sup id="cite_ref-Hosler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hosler-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_janvier" title="20 janvier">20 janvier</a> : mort de <a href="/wiki/Jin_Shizong" title="Jin Shizong">Shizong </a>. Début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Jin_Zhangzong" title="Jin Zhangzong">Zhangzong</a>, empereur <a href="/wiki/Dj%C3%BCrchet" class="mw-redirect" title="Djürchet">Djürchet</a> des <a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Jin_(1115-1234)" title="Dynastie Jin (1115-1234)">Jin</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1208" title="1208">1208</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11_mai" title="11 mai">11 mai</a> : l’empereur <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barberousse" title="Frédéric Barberousse">Frédéric Barberousse</a> quitte <a href="/wiki/Ratisbonne_(Bavi%C3%A8re)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratisbonne (Bavière)">Ratisbonne</a> pour la <a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_croisade" title="Troisième croisade">troisième croisade</a><sup id="cite_ref-Eddé_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eddé-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il prend la route avec 100 000 hommes, selon certains chroniqueurs, et au moins 20 000 chevaliers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_mai" title="15 mai">15 mai</a> : des Frisons, des Danois et des Norvégiens qui participent à la troisième croisade se rassemblent à <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_(Kent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandwich (Kent)">Sandwich</a>, en Angleterre ; ils arrivent à Lisbonne le <a href="/wiki/1er_juin" title="1er juin"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juin</a>, participent à la prise d’<a href="/wiki/Alvor" title="Alvor">Alvor</a>, puis débarquent devant <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Saint-Jean-d%27Acre_(1191)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siège de Saint-Jean-d'Acre (1191)">Acre assiégée</a> le <a href="/wiki/10_septembre" title="10 septembre">10 septembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4_juin" title="4 juin">4</a>-<a href="/wiki/9_juin" title="9 juin">9 juin</a> : nouvelle entrevue d’Henri II et de Philippe Auguste à <a href="/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-Bernard" title="La Ferté-Bernard">La Ferté-Bernard</a>, à l’initiative du nouveau légat du pape <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9v%C3%AAques_d%27Anagni" title="Liste des évêques d'Anagni">Jean d’Anagni</a>. Le roi de France exige le mariage de <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard</a> avec sa sœur <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_de_France_(1160-1221)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adèle de France (1160-1221)">Adèle de France</a>, séquestrée par Henri II, que Richard soit couronné roi d’Angleterre et que son frère <a href="/wiki/Jean_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean d'Angleterre">Jean</a> participe à la croisade. Henri II refuse les propositions avec le soutien du légat. Les hostilités reprennent<sup id="cite_ref-Hosler_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hosler-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_juin" title="12 juin">12 juin</a> : <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe II de France">Philippe Auguste</a> et <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard</a> prennent <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> où s’est retiré <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II d'Angleterre">Henri II</a>, qui après avoir incendié la ville, se réfugie à <a href="/wiki/Saumur" title="Saumur">Saumur</a> avec 700 chevaliers<sup id="cite_ref-Hosler_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hosler-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_juin" title="15 juin">15 juin</a> : au <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune" title="Minamoto no Yoshitsune">Minamoto no Yoshitsune</a> meurt à la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Koromogawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataille de Koromogawa">bataille de Koromogawa</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_juin" title="28 juin">28 juin</a> : <ul><li>l’armée de Frédéric Barberousse atteint l’<a href="/wiki/Empire_byzantin" title="Empire byzantin">Empire byzantin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Malgré les négociations préalables, il se heurte au <a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">basileus</a> qui refuse le passage de la croisade. <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Ange" title="Isaac II Ange">Isaac II Ange</a> s’allie à <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> contre qui la croisade est dirigée.</li> <li>mort de <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_d%27Angleterre_(1156-1189)" title="Mathilde d'Angleterre (1156-1189)">Mathilde d’Angleterre</a> à <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_(Basse-Saxe)" title="Brunswick (Basse-Saxe)">Brunswick</a>. Son époux <a href="/wiki/Henri_XII_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri XII de Bavière">Henri <i>le Lion</i></a>, exilé en Angleterre, prend ce prétexte pour débarquer en Saxe. Il tente en vain de reprendre ses duchés après le départ de l’empereur (1189-<a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg/220px-Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg/330px-Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg/440px-Mangaphas_Aspron_Trachy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>Monnaie de <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Mancaphas" title="Théodore Mancaphas">Théodore Mancaphas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juin" title="Juin">Juin</a> : <ul><li>l’empereur byzantin <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Ange" title="Isaac II Ange">Isaac II Ange</a> assiège <a href="/wiki/Philadelphie_(Asie_Mineure)" title="Philadelphie (Asie Mineure)">Philadelphie</a> où <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Mancaphas" title="Théodore Mancaphas">Théodore Mancaphas</a> s’est proclamé empereur et frappe monnaie ; l’arrivée des croisés l’oblige à négocier après quelques jours ; Théodore renonce au titre impérial, lui remet des otages, mais garde le contrôle de la ville comme gouverneur<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Venise" title="République de Venise">Venise</a> obtient de nouveaux avantages commerciaux de Byzance qui lui accorde les établissements concédés aux Français et aux Allemands<sup id="cite_ref-Muralt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muralt-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_juillet" title="3 juillet">3 juillet</a> : les troupes de <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe II de France">Philippe Auguste</a> prennent <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> d’assaut ; peu de temps après Raoul de Fougères livre une grande partie de la Bretagne au roi de France, suivi par les seigneurs poitevins<sup id="cite_ref-Hosler_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hosler-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_juillet" title="4 juillet">4 juillet</a> : traité de la Colombière. Le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">roi d’Angleterre</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II d'Angleterre">Henri II Plantagenêt</a>, malade, est contraint de conclure la paix à <a href="/wiki/Azay-le-Rideau" title="Azay-le-Rideau">Azay-le-Rideau</a>. Il rend <a href="/wiki/Hommage-lige" class="mw-redirect" title="Hommage-lige">hommage-lige</a> au roi de France et reconnaît son fils Richard comme seul héritier. Il accepte qu’<a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_de_France_(1160-1221)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adèle de France (1160-1221)">Adèle de France</a> soit donnée en garde à cinq personnes au choix de Richard pour qu’il l’épouse à son retour de croisade ; en contrepartie, Philippe Auguste lui rend le <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">Berry</a>, pour le prix de 20 000 marcs d’argent<sup id="cite_ref-Hosler_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hosler-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Prisonnier, il meurt à <a href="/wiki/Chinon" title="Chinon">Chinon</a> le <a href="/wiki/6_juillet" title="6 juillet">6 juillet</a><sup id="cite_ref-Crick_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crick-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lvisrdce_korunovace_1189.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lvisrdce_korunovace_1189.jpg/220px-Lvisrdce_korunovace_1189.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lvisrdce_korunovace_1189.jpg/330px-Lvisrdce_korunovace_1189.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lvisrdce_korunovace_1189.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Sacre de <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard <i>cœur de Lion</i></a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_juillet" title="20 juillet">20 juillet</a> : Richard est sacré <a href="/wiki/Duc_de_Normandie" class="mw-redirect" title="Duc de Normandie">duc de Normandie</a> à <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Crick_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crick-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24_ao%C3%BBt" title="24 août">24 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barberousse" title="Frédéric Barberousse">Frédéric Barberousse</a> prend <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Philippopolis</a>, désertée par ses habitants <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_ao%C3%BBt" title="27 août">27 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Lusignan_(1159-1194)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy de Lusignan (1159-1194)">Guy de Lusignan</a>, reniant sa parole, commence le <b><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Saint-Jean-d%27Acre_(1191)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siège de Saint-Jean-d'Acre (1191)">siège d’Acre</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> avec l’aide de contingents danois, frisons, saxons et de chevaliers flamands, français et anglais.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_septembre" title="3 septembre">3 septembre</a> : couronnement de <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard <i>cœur de Lion</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">roi d’Angleterre</a> à Westminster (fin de règne en <a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">1199</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Crick_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crick-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La délégation des <a href="/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> de Londres est empêchée de participer à la cérémonie du sacre. Elle est attaquée par la foule<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des Juifs sont massacrés à <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a>, à <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni)">Lincoln</a> et à <a href="/wiki/Stamford_(Lincolnshire)" title="Stamford (Lincolnshire)">Stamford</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_septembre" title="8 septembre">8 septembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Silves_(Portugal)" title="Silves (Portugal)">Silves</a>, capitale de l’<a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, est prise par <a href="/wiki/Sanche_Ier_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanche Ier de Portugal">Sanche <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> de Portugal</a>, avec l’aide d’une flotte de croisés anglais<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octobre" title="Octobre">Octobre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alep" title="Alep">Alep</a> : <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> apprend l’arrivée près de <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> de l’empereur d’Allemagne <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barberousse" title="Frédéric Barberousse">Frédéric Barberousse</a>, avec de 200 à 260 000 hommes. Saladin appelle tous les musulmans au <a href="/wiki/Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihad">jihad</a><sup id="cite_ref-Eddé_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eddé-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_novembre" title="16 novembre">16 novembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : mort du roi normand de <a href="/wiki/Sicile" title="Sicile">Sicile</a> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_II_de_Sicile" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume II de Sicile">Guillaume II</a> sans héritier mâle. <a href="/wiki/Henri_VI_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri VI du Saint-Empire">Henri</a>, fils de l’<a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barberousse" title="Frédéric Barberousse">empereur</a> hérite du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Sicile" title="Royaume de Sicile">royaume normand de Sicile</a> par son mariage avec <a href="/wiki/Constance_de_Hauteville" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance de Hauteville">Constance de Hauteville</a>, en compétition avec <a href="/wiki/Tancr%C3%A8de_de_Lecce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tancrède de Lecce">Tancrède de Lecce</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_novembre" title="22 novembre">22 novembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barberousse" title="Frédéric Barberousse">Frédéric Barberousse</a> prend <a href="/wiki/Andrinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrinople">Andrinople</a> et marche sur <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> mais recule au dernier moment. Sous la pression, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Ange" title="Isaac II Ange">Isaac II Ange</a> doit signer la paix et assurer le passage de l’armée en Asie<sup id="cite_ref-Bréhier_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bréhier-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1190-02-21" data-sort-value="1190-02-21">14 février 1190</time><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>).</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_d%C3%A9cembre" title="5 décembre">5 décembre</a> : <i>Quitclaim of Canterbury</i>. Abrogation du <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Falaise" title="Traité de Falaise">traité de Falaise</a>. Pour financer sa croisade, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard <i>cœur de Lion</i></a> revend sa suzeraineté et les forteresses de <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Roxburgh (Écosse)">Roxburgh</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick</a> pour 10 000 marcs d’or au <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Royaume d'Écosse">roi d’Écosse</a> <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier d'Écosse">Guillaume <i>le Lion</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_d%C3%A9cembre" title="11 décembre">11 décembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ier d'Angleterre">Richard <i>cœur de Lion</i></a> quitte l’Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Crick_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crick-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_d%C3%A9cembre" title="30 décembre">30 décembre</a> : traité de paix de <a href="/wiki/Nonancourt" title="Nonancourt">Nonancourt</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe II de France">Philippe Auguste</a> et Richard <i>cœur de Lion</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; le roi de France garde ses conquêtes en <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">Berry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7ay" title="Graçay">Graçay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Issoudun" title="Issoudun">Issoudun</a>) et la suzeraineté sur l’<a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a>. Il remet le <a href="/wiki/Maine_(province)" title="Maine (province)">Maine</a> et <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> au roi d’Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Gebre_Mesqel_Lalibela" title="Gebre Mesqel Lalibela">Lalibela</a>, roi d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89thiopie" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> ou <a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Traité entre les négociants allemands et <a href="/wiki/Gutnisk" title="Gutnisk">gutniques</a> de <a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a> avec le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_souverains_de_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des souverains de Novgorod">prince de Novgorod</a> Iaroslav<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_d%27Alsace" title="Philippe d'Alsace">Philippe d’Alsace</a> confirme la Charte de <a href="/wiki/Commune_(Moyen_%C3%82ge)" title="Commune (Moyen Âge)">commune</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fondations_en_1189">Fondations en 1189</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Fondations en 1189" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fondations en 1189"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Voir la catégorie : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Fondation_en_1189" title="Catégorie:Fondation en 1189">Fondation en 1189</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1189"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1189" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1189">Naissances en 1189</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1189" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1189"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1189" title="Naissance en 1189">Naissance en 1189</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1189"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1189"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1189" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1189">Décès en 1189</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1189" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1189"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1189" title="Décès en 1189">Décès en 1189</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hosler-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hosler_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hosler_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hosler_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hosler_1-3">d</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Hosler_1-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hosler2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_D._Hosler2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John D. Hosler, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Henry II : A Medieval Soldier at War, 1147-1189</cite>, Leiden, BRILL, <time>2007</time>, 275 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-15724-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-15724-8"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-15724-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=h_H2a8PPvjcC&pg=PA101">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+II&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.stitle=A+Medieval+Soldier+at+War%2C+1147-1189&rft.aulast=Hosler&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=275&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15724-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tao1976"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jing-shen_Tao1976"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jing-shen Tao, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China</cite>, University of Washington Press, <time>1976</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-295-95514-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-295-95514-7"><span class="nowrap">0-295-95514-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 6<span class="lang-en" lang="en"> (« The Jurchen Movement for Revival »)</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jurchen+in+Twelfth-Century+China&rft.atitle=The+Jurchen+Movement+for+Revival&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Jing-shen&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-295-95514-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eddé-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Eddé_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Eddé_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eddé1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne-Marie_Eddé1999">Anne-Marie Eddé, <cite class="italique">La principauté Ayyoubide d'Alep</cite>, Franz Steiner Verlag, <time>1999</time>, 727 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-515-07121-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-515-07121-5"><span class="nowrap">978-3-515-07121-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xMNdT4EVDUMC&pg=PA43">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+principaut%C3%A9+Ayyoubide+d%27Alep&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.aulast=Edd%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Anne-Marie&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=727&rft.isbn=978-3-515-07121-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edouard_Didier_Riant1865"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Edouard_Didier_Riant1865">Paul Edouard Didier Riant, <cite class="italique">Expéditions et pèlerinages des Scandinaves en Terre Sainte au temps des croisades</cite>, <time>1865</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=HG4JAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA276">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exp%C3%A9ditions+et+p%C3%A8lerinages+des+Scandinaves+en+Terre+Sainte+au+temps+des+croisades&rft.au=Paul+Edouard+Didier+Riant&rft.date=1865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sansom,_Sir_George_Bailey_Sansom1958"><span class="ouvrage" id="George_Sansom,_Sir_George_Bailey_Sansom1958">George Sansom, Sir George Bailey Sansom, <cite class="italique">A History of Japan to 1334</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, <time>1958</time>, 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8047-0523-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8047-0523-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8047-0523-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=t2c4t4yw21gC&pg=PA427">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan+to+1334&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.au=George+Sansom%2C+Sir+George+Bailey+Sansom&rft.date=1958&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=500&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0523-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bréhier-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier_6-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Bréhier_6-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bréhier2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Louis_Bréhier2006"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Br%C3%A9hier" title="Louis Bréhier">Louis Bréhier</a>, <cite class="italique">Vie et mort de Byzance</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Albin_Michel_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albin Michel (maison d'édition)">Albin Michel</a>, <time>2006</time>, 634 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-226-22331-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-226-22331-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-226-22331-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=_LCpYNCmbXAC&pg=PA288">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vie+et+mort+de+Byzance&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A9hier&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=634&rft.isbn=978-2-226-22331-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boulengier"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Boulengier">Bernard Boulengier, <cite class="italique">Les Félins de Brunswick : Henri le Lion, duc de Saxe, et ses fils : l’empereur Otton IV, le comte palatin Henri (<abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècles)</cite>, Mon Petit Editeur <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7483-9193-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7483-9193-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7483-9193-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=IOOlsJ3JBUkC&pg=PA147">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+F%C3%A9lins+de+Brunswick+%3A+Henri+le+Lion%2C+duc+de+Saxe%2C+et+ses+fils+%3A+l%E2%80%99empereur+Otton+IV%2C+le+comte+palatin+Henri+%28XIIe%26%2332%3Bet%26%2332%3BXIIIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cles%29&rft.pub=Mon+Petit+Editeur&rft.aulast=Boulengier&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.isbn=978-2-7483-9193-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Korobeinikov2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dimitri_Korobeinikov2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Dimitri Korobeinikov, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century</cite>, Oxford/New York, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2014</time>, 372 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-870826-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-870826-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-870826-1</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-870826-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-870826-2"><span class="nowrap">0-19-870826-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=eU9jBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Turks+in+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.place=Oxford%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Korobeinikov&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=372&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870826-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muralt-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Muralt_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="von_Muralt1871"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eduard_von_Muralt1871"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Muralt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduard von Muralt">Eduard von Muralt</a>, <cite class="italique">Essai de chronographie byzantine 1057-1453</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Eggers et Cie, <time>1871</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=QE1oAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA233">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essai+de+chronographie+byzantine+1057-1453&rft.pub=Eggers+et+Cie&rft.au=Eduard+von+Muralt&rft.date=1871&rft.volume=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crick-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Crick_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crick_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crick_10-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Crick_10-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Crick,_Elisabeth_van_Houts2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Julia_Crick,_Elisabeth_van_Houts2011">Julia Crick, Elisabeth van Houts, <cite class="italique">A Social History of England, 900–1200</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-139-50085-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-139-50085-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-139-50085-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=mM6OA8wtPOYC&pg=PA426">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+England%2C+900%E2%80%931200&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.au=Julia+Crick%2C+Elisabeth+van+Houts&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-50085-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1974"><cite class="italique">Mémoires de la Classe des lettres</cite>, Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, <time>1974</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=VL8tAAAAIAAJ&dq=%2224+ao%C3%BBt+1189%22&pg=PA163">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+la+Classe+des+lettres&rft.pub=Acad%C3%A9mie+royale+des+sciences%2C+des+lettres+et+des+beaux-arts+de+Belgique&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="d'Ault-Dumesnil1852"><span class="ouvrage" id="Édouard_d'Ault-Dumesnil1852">Édouard d'Ault-Dumesnil, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire historique, géographique et biographique des croisades</cite>, Jacques-Paul Migne, <time>1852</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=cgEMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA865">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+historique%2C+g%C3%A9ographique+et+biographique+des+croisades&rft.pub=Jacques-Paul+Migne&rft.aulast=d%27Ault-Dumesnil&rft.aufirst=%C3%89douard&rft.date=1852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Depping1844"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georges-Bernard_Depping1844">Georges-Bernard Depping, <cite class="italique">Les Juifs dans le Moyen Âge : essai historique sur leur état civil, commercial et littéraire</cite>, Wouters, <time>1844</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gQwRAAAAIAAJ&q=99">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Juifs+dans+le+Moyen+%C3%82ge+%3A+essai+historique+sur+leur+%C3%A9tat+civil%2C+commercial+et+litt%C3%A9raire&rft.pub=Wouters&rft.aulast=Depping&rft.aufirst=Georges-Bernard&rft.date=1844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/francais/leon/CMQJ03.htm">A. Léon : La conception matérialiste de la question juive - III</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bailie_Warden,_Nicolas_Viton_de_Saint-Allais,_Jean_Baptiste_Pierre_Jullien_de_Courcelles,_Agricole_Joseph_François_Xavier_Pierre_Esprit_Simon_Paul_Antoine_Fortia_d'Urban1818"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Bailie_Warden,_Nicolas_Viton_de_Saint-Allais,_Jean_Baptiste_Pierre_Jullien_de_Courcelles,_Agricole_Joseph_François_Xavier_Pierre_Esprit_Simon_Paul_Antoine_Fortia_d'Urban1818">David Bailie Warden, Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, Agricole Joseph François Xavier Pierre Esprit Simon Paul Antoine Fortia d'Urban, <cite class="italique">L'art de vérifier les dates…</cite>, Moreau, imprimeur, <time>1818</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=gag1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA4">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27art+de+v%C3%A9rifier+les+dates%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=Moreau%2C+imprimeur&rft.au=David+Bailie+Warden%2C+Nicolas+Viton+de+Saint-Allais%2C+Jean+Baptiste+Pierre+Jullien+de+Courcelles%2C+Agricole+Joseph+Fran%C3%A7ois+Xavier+Pierre+Esprit+Simon+Paul+Antoine+Fortia+d%27Urban&rft.date=1818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Édouard d'Ault-Dumesnil, <i>op. cit</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 919.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1964"><cite class="italique">Actes du <abbr class="abbr" title="Douzième">XII<sup>e</sup></abbr> Congrès international d'études byzantines : Ochride 10-16 septembre, 1961</cite>, Comité Yougoslave des Études Byzantines, <time>1964</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Kjg1AAAAIAAJ&dq=1190&pg=PA134">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Actes+du+XIIe+Congr%C3%A8s+international+d%27%C3%A9tudes+byzantines&rft.pub=Comit%C3%A9+Yougoslave+des+%C3%89tudes+Byzantines&rft.stitle=Ochride+10-16+septembre%2C+1961&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Seel2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Graham_E._Seel2012">Graham E. Seel, <cite class="italique">King John : An Underrated King</cite>, Anthem Press, <time>2012</time>, 230 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-85728-518-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-85728-518-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-85728-518-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=8ze_LhDQLvEC&pg=PA78">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+John&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.stitle=An+Underrated+King&rft.aulast=Seel&rft.aufirst=Graham+E.&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=230&rft.isbn=978-0-85728-518-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delisle1856"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léopold_Delisle1856">Léopold Delisle, <cite class="italique">Catalogue des actes de Philippe-Auguste</cite>, A. Durand, <time>1856</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=QElBL_DsEXUC&pg=PA63">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+des+actes+de+Philippe-Auguste&rft.pub=A.+Durand&rft.aulast=Delisle&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9opold&rft.date=1856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Raxis_de_Flassan1811"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gaétan_de_Raxis_de_Flassan1811">Gaétan de Raxis de Flassan, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale et raisonnée de la diplomatie française</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Treuttel et Würtz, <time>1811</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=STtPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA106">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+et+raisonn%C3%A9e+de+la+diplomatie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.pub=Treuttel+et+W%C3%BCrtz&rft.au=Ga%C3%A9tan+de+Raxis+de+Flassan&rft.date=1811&rft.volume=1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Getachew Mekonnen Hasen, <i>Wollo, Yager Dibab</i> (Addis Ababa: Nigd Matemiya Bet, 1992), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KaplanPicardZimmermann1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_KaplanChristophe_PicardMichel_Zimmermann1994">Michel Kaplan, Christophe Picard et Michel Zimmermann, <cite class="italique">Le Moyen Âge, <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> : <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Br%C3%A9al" title="Éditions Bréal">Éditions Bréal</a>, <time>1994</time>, 397 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-85394-732-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-85394-732-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-85394-732-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=RP-bn29KCB8C&pg=PA20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Moyen+%C3%82ge%2C+IVe&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Br%C3%A9al&rft.stitle=%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%2210%E1%B5%89+si%C3%A8cle%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22%3EX%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3A72%25%22%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Christophe+Picard&rft.au=Michel+Zimmermann&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=397&rft.isbn=978-2-85394-732-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Joseph_Tailliar1840"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eugène_François_Joseph_Tailliar1840">Eugène François Joseph Tailliar, <cite class="italique">Recherches sur l'histoire des institutions politiques et civiles du moyen âge (9e-16e siècle) et nouvelles recherches sur l’institution des communes</cite>, <time>1840</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=9WNbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA44">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+l%27histoire+des+institutions+politiques+et+civiles+du+moyen+%C3%A2ge+%289e-16e+si%C3%A8cle%29+et+nouvelles+recherches+sur+l%E2%80%99institution+des+communes&rft.au=Eug%C3%A8ne+Fran%C3%A7ois+Joseph+Tailliar&rft.date=1840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1189"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1189/">L’année 1189</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central" title="Portail du Moyen Âge central"><img alt="icône décorative" 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