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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Life History Evolution</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">11,593 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Life History Evolution</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Life_History_Evolution">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54046091 coauthored" data-work_id="54046091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54046091/Evolution_The_Story_of_Lifes_Development_on_Earth">Evolution: The Story of Life's Development on Earth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Evolution: The Story Of Life’s Development On Earth provides a detailed look at evolution, the process by which living organisms have developed and diversified over the course of history. Originally proposed by Charles Darwin in 1858, it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54046091" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Evolution: The Story Of Life’s Development On Earth provides a detailed look at evolution, the process by which living organisms have developed and diversified over the course of history. Originally proposed by Charles Darwin in 1858, it provides the most complete answer to the question of how life develops over time. The chapters delve into the history and formulation of evolutionary theory, the science behind it, future trajectory and impact on society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54046091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39039029865f7a3e189ddffa4e9e33c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70598659,"asset_id":54046091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70598659/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5401149" rel="nofollow" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/AustinMardon">Austin A Mardon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5401149" type="text/json">{"id":5401149,"first_name":"Austin","last_name":"Mardon","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"AustinMardon","display_name":"Austin A Mardon","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/AustinMardon?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5401149/2371340/2762654/s65_austin.mardon.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-54046091">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-54046091"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LajendonJeyakumar">Lajendon Jeyakumar</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JananiRajendra1">Janani Rajendra</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariyamSardar">Mariyam Sardar</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DarlaChloeDaniva">Darla Chloe Daniva</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-54046091'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-54046091').html(); 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Spirorhaphe azteca, are reported from an Early Permian intertidal flat in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. Remarkably similar spiral-shaped... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8768834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spiral-shaped foraging trace fossils, assigned to the graphoglyptid cf. Spirorhaphe azteca, are reported from an Early Permian intertidal flat in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. Remarkably similar spiral-shaped structures are produced in modern intertidal flats by the paraonid polychaete Paraonis fulgens, and function as traps to capture mobile microorganisms migrating in the sediment in response to tides. We envisage a similar function for the Early Permian trace fossils. Previous studies have suggested that the lack of P. fulgens-type traces from ancient intertidal deposits indicates that such behavior only evolved geologically recently in such settings. However, this report demonstrates that such specialized foraging behavior was present in intertidal settings by at least the Early Permian. Graphoglyptids are typical of deep-marine settings, and characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies. This represents their first undoubted occurrence in intertidal facies in the geological record. We postulate that the occurrence of graphoglyptids in deep-marine and intertidal settings is related to the predictability of resources. The scarcity of intertidal graphoglyptids in the geological record is most likely a preservational effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8768834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac696157fac5464dbeff1310867bdf82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35121990,"asset_id":8768834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35121990/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18858695" href="https://usask.academia.edu/LBuatois">Luis Buatois</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18858695" type="text/json">{"id":18858695,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Buatois","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"LBuatois","display_name":"Luis Buatois","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/LBuatois?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8768834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8768834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8768834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8768834", }); 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Spirorhaphe azteca, are reported from an Early Permian intertidal flat in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. Remarkably similar spiral-shaped structures are produced in modern intertidal flats by the paraonid polychaete Paraonis fulgens, and function as traps to capture mobile microorganisms migrating in the sediment in response to tides. We envisage a similar function for the Early Permian trace fossils. Previous studies have suggested that the lack of P. fulgens-type traces from ancient intertidal deposits indicates that such behavior only evolved geologically recently in such settings. However, this report demonstrates that such specialized foraging behavior was present in intertidal settings by at least the Early Permian. Graphoglyptids are typical of deep-marine settings, and characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies. This represents their first undoubted occurrence in intertidal facies in the geological record. We postulate that the occurrence of graphoglyptids in deep-marine and intertidal settings is related to the predictability of resources. The scarcity of intertidal graphoglyptids in the geological record is most likely a preservational effect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35121990,"asset_id":8768834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18858695,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Buatois","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"LBuatois","display_name":"Luis Buatois","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/LBuatois?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":162,"name":"Paleobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleobiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":2588,"name":"Ichnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17638,"name":"Benthic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benthic_Ecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28160,"name":"Palaeontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeontology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":70233,"name":"Trace Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Fossils?f_ri=21070"},{"id":363556,"name":"Foraging Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foraging_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":454433,"name":"Trace Fossil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_Fossil?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1084699,"name":"Resource Utilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Utilization?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68372570" data-work_id="68372570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68372570/Evolution_of_Multihost_Parasites">Evolution of Multihost Parasites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Multihost parasites can infect different types of hosts or even different host species. Epidemiological models have shown the importance of the diversity of potential hosts for understanding the dynamics of infectious disease (e.g., the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68372570" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Multihost parasites can infect different types of hosts or even different host species. Epidemiological models have shown the importance of the diversity of potential hosts for understanding the dynamics of infectious disease (e.g., the importance of reservoirs), but the consequences of this diversity for virulence and transmission evolution remain largely overlooked. Here, I present a general theoretical framework for the study of life-history evolution of multihost parasites. This analysis highlights the importance of epidemiology (the relative quality and quantity of different types of infected hosts) and between-trait constraints (both within and between different hosts) to parasite evolution. I illustrate these effects in different transmission scenarios under the simplifying assumption that parasites can infect only two types of hosts. These simple but contrasted evolutionary scenarios yield new insights into virulence evolution and the evolution of transmission routes among different hosts. Because many of the pathogens that have large public-health and agricultural impacts have complex life cycles, an understanding of their evolutionary dynamics could hold substantial benefits for management.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68372570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d480862bd6077ff96f7adf77952bcea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78870358,"asset_id":68372570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78870358/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48909677" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SylvainGandon">Sylvain Gandon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48909677" type="text/json">{"id":48909677,"first_name":"Sylvain","last_name":"Gandon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SylvainGandon","display_name":"Sylvain Gandon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SylvainGandon?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68372570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68372570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68372570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68372570", }); 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Epidemiological models have shown the importance of the diversity of potential hosts for understanding the dynamics of infectious disease (e.g., the importance of reservoirs), but the consequences of this diversity for virulence and transmission evolution remain largely overlooked. Here, I present a general theoretical framework for the study of life-history evolution of multihost parasites. This analysis highlights the importance of epidemiology (the relative quality and quantity of different types of infected hosts) and between-trait constraints (both within and between different hosts) to parasite evolution. I illustrate these effects in different transmission scenarios under the simplifying assumption that parasites can infect only two types of hosts. These simple but contrasted evolutionary scenarios yield new insights into virulence evolution and the evolution of transmission routes among different hosts. Because many of the pathogens that have large public-health and agricultural impacts have complex life cycles, an understanding of their evolutionary dynamics could hold substantial benefits for management.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78870358,"asset_id":68372570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48909677,"first_name":"Sylvain","last_name":"Gandon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SylvainGandon","display_name":"Sylvain Gandon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SylvainGandon?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":52873,"name":"Virulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence?f_ri=21070"},{"id":76095,"name":"Transmission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission?f_ri=21070"},{"id":81309,"name":"Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Disease?f_ri=21070"},{"id":94271,"name":"Parasite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasite?f_ri=21070"},{"id":103375,"name":"Parasites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasites?f_ri=21070"},{"id":142138,"name":"Host-parasite interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host-parasite_interactions?f_ri=21070"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":219872,"name":"Evolutionary Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Dynamics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":412636,"name":"Theoretical Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Framework?f_ri=21070"},{"id":742440,"name":"Parasitic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitic_Diseases?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28638358" data-work_id="28638358" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28638358/On_the_adaptive_significance_of_stress_induced_immunosuppression">On the adaptive significance of stress-induced immunosuppression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We approach the ¢eld of stress immunology from an ecological point of view and ask: why should a heavy physical workload, for example as a result of a high reproductive e¡ort, compromise immune function? We argue that immunosuppression by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28638358" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We approach the ¢eld of stress immunology from an ecological point of view and ask: why should a heavy physical workload, for example as a result of a high reproductive e¡ort, compromise immune function? We argue that immunosuppression by neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as stress hormones, during heavy physical workload is adaptive, and consider two di¡erent ultimate explanations of such immunosuppression. First, several authors have suggested that the immune system is suppressed to reallocate resources to other metabolic demands. In our view, this hypothesis assumes that considerable amounts of energy or nutrients can be saved by suppressing the immune system; however, this assumption requires further investigation. Second, we suggest an alternative explanation based on the idea that the immune system is tightly regulated by neuroendocrine mechanisms to avoid hyperactivation and ensuing autoimmune responses. We hypothesize that the risk of autoimmune responses increases during heavy physical workload and that the immune system is suppressed to counteract this.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28638358" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36a75301729a81586b21b042e3802882" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49006363,"asset_id":28638358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49006363/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43842160" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErikSvensson5">Erik Svensson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43842160" type="text/json">{"id":43842160,"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"Svensson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErikSvensson5","display_name":"Erik Svensson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErikSvensson5?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43842160/11694106/13038088/s65_erik.svensson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28638358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28638358"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28638358, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28638358", }); 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We argue that immunosuppression by neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as stress hormones, during heavy physical workload is adaptive, and consider two di¡erent ultimate explanations of such immunosuppression. First, several authors have suggested that the immune system is suppressed to reallocate resources to other metabolic demands. In our view, this hypothesis assumes that considerable amounts of energy or nutrients can be saved by suppressing the immune system; however, this assumption requires further investigation. Second, we suggest an alternative explanation based on the idea that the immune system is tightly regulated by neuroendocrine mechanisms to avoid hyperactivation and ensuing autoimmune responses. We hypothesize that the risk of autoimmune responses increases during heavy physical workload and that the immune system is suppressed to counteract this.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49006363,"asset_id":28638358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43842160,"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"Svensson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ErikSvensson5","display_name":"Erik Svensson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ErikSvensson5?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43842160/11694106/13038088/s65_erik.svensson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":60620,"name":"Immunoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoecology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":179010,"name":"Natural Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Sciences?f_ri=21070"},{"id":722449,"name":"Physiological Stress Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Stress_Markers?f_ri=21070"},{"id":894787,"name":"Immune Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_Tolerance?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1236907" data-work_id="1236907" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1236907/Spiral_shaped_graphoglyptids_from_an_Early_Permian_intertidal_flat">Spiral-shaped graphoglyptids from an Early Permian intertidal flat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spiral-shaped foraging trace fossils, assigned to the graphoglyptid cf. Spirorhaphe azteca, are reported from an Early Permian intertidal flat in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. Remarkably similar spiral-shaped... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1236907" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spiral-shaped foraging trace fossils, assigned to the graphoglyptid cf. Spirorhaphe azteca, are reported from an Early Permian intertidal flat in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. Remarkably similar spiral-shaped structures are produced in modern intertidal flats by the paraonid polychaete Paraonis fulgens, and function as traps to capture mobile microorganisms migrating in the sediment in response to tides. We envisage a similar function for the Early Permian trace fossils. Previous studies have suggested that the lack of P. fulgens–type traces from ancient intertidal deposits indicates that such behavior only evolved geologically recently in such settings. However, this report demonstrates that such specialized foraging behavior was present in intertidal settings by at least the Early Permian. Graphoglyptids are typical of deep-marine settings, and characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies. This represents their first undoubted occurrence in intertidal facies in the geological record. We postulate that the occurrence of graphoglyptids in deep-marine and intertidal settings is related to the predictability of resources. The scarcity of intertidal graphoglyptids in the geological record is most likely a preservational effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1236907" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c88d7746c160d59696d09ccad296780a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":19304004,"asset_id":1236907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/19304004/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1974364" href="https://port.academia.edu/NicholasMinter">Nicholas Minter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1974364" type="text/json">{"id":1974364,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Minter","domain_name":"port","page_name":"NicholasMinter","display_name":"Nicholas Minter","profile_url":"https://port.academia.edu/NicholasMinter?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1974364/655227/858107/s65_nicholas.minter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1236907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1236907"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1236907, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1236907", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1236907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1236907; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1236907"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1236907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1236907"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1236907; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1236907]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1236907").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1236907").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1236907"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleobiology">Paleobiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="162" type="text/json">{"id":162,"name":"Paleobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleobiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="417" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology">Paleontology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="417" type="text/json">{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology">Ichnology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2588" type="text/json">{"id":2588,"name":"Ichnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1236907]'), work: {"id":1236907,"title":"Spiral-shaped graphoglyptids from an Early Permian intertidal flat","created_at":"2012-06-19T02:56:47.651-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1236907/Spiral_shaped_graphoglyptids_from_an_Early_Permian_intertidal_flat?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_1236907","summary":"Spiral-shaped foraging trace fossils, assigned to the graphoglyptid cf. Spirorhaphe azteca, are reported from an Early Permian intertidal flat in the Robledo Mountains of southern New Mexico, USA. Remarkably similar spiral-shaped structures are produced in modern intertidal flats by the paraonid polychaete Paraonis fulgens, and function as traps to capture mobile microorganisms migrating in the sediment in response to tides. We envisage a similar function for the Early Permian trace fossils. Previous studies have suggested that the lack of P. fulgens–type traces from ancient intertidal deposits indicates that such behavior only evolved geologically recently in such settings. However, this report demonstrates that such specialized foraging behavior was present in intertidal settings by at least the Early Permian. Graphoglyptids are typical of deep-marine settings, and characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies. This represents their first undoubted occurrence in intertidal facies in the geological record. We postulate that the occurrence of graphoglyptids in deep-marine and intertidal settings is related to the predictability of resources. The scarcity of intertidal graphoglyptids in the geological record is most likely a preservational effect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":19304004,"asset_id":1236907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1974364,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Minter","domain_name":"port","page_name":"NicholasMinter","display_name":"Nicholas Minter","profile_url":"https://port.academia.edu/NicholasMinter?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1974364/655227/858107/s65_nicholas.minter.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":162,"name":"Paleobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleobiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":417,"name":"Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleontology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":2588,"name":"Ichnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ichnology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17638,"name":"Benthic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benthic_Ecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28160,"name":"Palaeontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeontology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28845,"name":"Palaeobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeobiology?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61573903" data-work_id="61573903" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61573903/The_evolutionary_pressure_from_fishing_on_size_at_maturation_of_Baltic_cod">The evolutionary pressure from fishing on size at maturation of Baltic cod</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent observations suggest fishing pressure is driving the evolution of smaller female maturation size in some fish stocks. We construct a general size-based theoretical framework to derive the rate and ultimate destination of this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61573903" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent observations suggest fishing pressure is driving the evolution of smaller female maturation size in some fish stocks. We construct a general size-based theoretical framework to derive the rate and ultimate destination of this evolution based on life-history, community ecology and evolutionary theory. For Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), we find a maximum evolutionary rate of approximately −36 g/generation (−0.072 Haldanes) and optimum maturation size &lt;250 g (mean≈50 g). Whilst this is consistent with many previous observations, it is substantially less than observed in rapidly declining cod stocks, suggesting additional evolutionary processes may affect them. Analysis of management remedies finds only an effective ban on fishing will halt the evolution. Unable to maximise fitness, the fish will remain under evolutionary stress for the foreseeable future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61573903" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d925fb5a44dbd004cc849a92bdea92aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74565586,"asset_id":61573903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74565586/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34019508" href="https://dtu.academia.edu/UThygesen">U. Thygesen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34019508" type="text/json">{"id":34019508,"first_name":"U.","last_name":"Thygesen","domain_name":"dtu","page_name":"UThygesen","display_name":"U. Thygesen","profile_url":"https://dtu.academia.edu/UThygesen?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61573903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61573903"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61573903, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61573903", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61573903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61573903; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61573903"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61573903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61573903"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61573903; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61573903]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61573903").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61573903").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61573903"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4267" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology">Community Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4267" type="text/json">{"id":4267,"name":"Community Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14490" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Biology">Fisheries Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14490" type="text/json">{"id":14490,"name":"Fisheries Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61573903]'), work: {"id":61573903,"title":"The evolutionary pressure from fishing on size at maturation of Baltic cod","created_at":"2021-11-12T01:25:01.646-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61573903/The_evolutionary_pressure_from_fishing_on_size_at_maturation_of_Baltic_cod?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_61573903","summary":"Recent observations suggest fishing pressure is driving the evolution of smaller female maturation size in some fish stocks. We construct a general size-based theoretical framework to derive the rate and ultimate destination of this evolution based on life-history, community ecology and evolutionary theory. For Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), we find a maximum evolutionary rate of approximately −36 g/generation (−0.072 Haldanes) and optimum maturation size \u0026lt;250 g (mean≈50 g). Whilst this is consistent with many previous observations, it is substantially less than observed in rapidly declining cod stocks, suggesting additional evolutionary processes may affect them. Analysis of management remedies finds only an effective ban on fishing will halt the evolution. Unable to maximise fitness, the fish will remain under evolutionary stress for the foreseeable future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74565586,"asset_id":61573903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34019508,"first_name":"U.","last_name":"Thygesen","domain_name":"dtu","page_name":"UThygesen","display_name":"U. Thygesen","profile_url":"https://dtu.academia.edu/UThygesen?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4267,"name":"Community Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Ecology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":14490,"name":"Fisheries Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28697,"name":"Ecological Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Modelling?f_ri=21070"},{"id":53844,"name":"Evolutionary theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_theory?f_ri=21070"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=21070"},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=21070"},{"id":112289,"name":"Gadus morhua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gadus_morhua?f_ri=21070"},{"id":162620,"name":"Ecological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological?f_ri=21070"},{"id":320962,"name":"Evolutionary rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_rate?f_ri=21070"},{"id":351487,"name":"Harvest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harvest?f_ri=21070"},{"id":412636,"name":"Theoretical Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Framework?f_ri=21070"},{"id":522542,"name":"Size at Maturity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Size_at_Maturity?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7959968" data-work_id="7959968" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7959968/Dating_and_Sexual_Behavior_Among_Single_Parents_of_Young_Children_in_the_United_States">Dating and Sexual Behavior Among Single Parents of Young Children in the United States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Theory and research on partnered parents suggests trade-offs between parenting and sexuality, with those trade-offs most pronounced among mothers of young children. However, little research has focused on how a growing demographic of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7959968" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Theory and research on partnered parents suggests trade-offs  between parenting and sexuality, with those trade-offs most pronounced among mothers of young children. However, little research has focused on how a growing demographic of single parents negotiates dating and sexual activity. The current study drew upon a 2012 nationally representative sample of 5,481 single Americans 21 years of age and older, of whom 4.3% were parents of a child age five or younger. Dependent variables were sexual thoughts, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners in the past year, dates during the previous three months, and whether one was actively seeking a relationship partner. Covariates included parental age, sex=gender, sexual orientation, education, and income. Using the entire sample of singles, we found no main effects of number (0, 1, 2þ) of children aged five years and younger or number of children aged two years and younger on dating and sexual behavior variables. Next, using analyses restricted to single parents (n=2,121), we found that single parents with a child aged five years or younger, adjusting for covariates, reported greater frequency of sexual activity and first dates but no differences in other outcomes compared with single parents of older children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7959968" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0138ecc2fb6a88aa33c0579d5f6493f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34432630,"asset_id":7959968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34432630/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27719" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray">Peter Gray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27719" type="text/json">{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7959968 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7959968"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7959968, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7959968", }); 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However, little research has focused on how a growing demographic of single parents negotiates dating and sexual activity. The current study drew upon a 2012 nationally representative sample of 5,481 single Americans 21 years of age and older, of whom 4.3% were parents of a child age five or younger. Dependent variables were sexual thoughts, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners in the past year, dates during the previous three months, and whether one was actively seeking a relationship partner. Covariates included parental age, sex=gender, sexual orientation, education, and income. Using the entire sample of singles, we found no main effects of number (0, 1, 2þ) of children aged five years and younger or number of children aged two years and younger on dating and sexual behavior variables. Next, using analyses restricted to single parents (n=2,121), we found that single parents with a child aged five years or younger, adjusting for covariates, reported greater frequency of sexual activity and first dates but no differences in other outcomes compared with single parents of older children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34432630,"asset_id":7959968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4545,"name":"Parenting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12413422" data-work_id="12413422" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12413422/growth_reproduction_and_life_span_in_Blanchards_Cricket_Frog_with_notes_on_the_growth_of_the_Northern_Crickt_Frog">growth, reproduction, and life span in Blanchard's Cricket Frog with notes on the growth of the Northern Crickt Frog</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi) and the Northern Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans) are small frogs commonly found along water bodies in eastern North America. We determined growth and seasonal size classes from museum specimens... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12413422" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi) and the Northern Cricket Frog (Acris crepitans) are small frogs commonly found along water bodies in eastern North America. We determined growth and seasonal size classes from museum specimens of the Northern Cricket Frog (from Georgia and Florida) and Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (from Arkansas and Missouri). We characterized the male and female reproductive phenophases of Blanchard’s Cricket Frog using histological technique and gross examination and assessed its age and growth using skeletochronology. Our results show that male and female Blanchard’s Cricket Frogs metamorphose in the summer, and snout-vent (SVL) length quickly reaches adult size. Body mass (BM) follows SVL with female BM growing faster than males from spring through oviposition. Male and female reproductive phenophases follow growth patterns. Some males are reproductively viable by late summer. Most ovarian development occurs in the spring and summer with oviposition occurring sometime between late May and June. Growth, reproductive and skeletochronological evidence suggest that very few Blanchard’s Cricket Frogs live more than one year. The growth data for the Northern Cricket Frog was insufficient to support either semelparity or iteroparity. As a semelparous species, Blanchard’s Cricket Frog may be susceptible to transient and temporary stressors that interfere with reproduction or recruitment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12413422" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="885c2a8549ce1d94242dd40bb0cb06b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37652344,"asset_id":12413422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37652344/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6728795" href="https://langston.academia.edu/MalcolmMcCallum">Malcolm McCallum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6728795" type="text/json">{"id":6728795,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"McCallum","domain_name":"langston","page_name":"MalcolmMcCallum","display_name":"Malcolm McCallum","profile_url":"https://langston.academia.edu/MalcolmMcCallum?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6728795/2672924/3110866/s65_malcolm.mccallum.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12413422 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12413422"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12413422, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12413422", }); 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We determined growth and seasonal size classes from museum specimens of the Northern Cricket Frog (from Georgia and Florida) and Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (from Arkansas and Missouri). We characterized the male and female reproductive phenophases of Blanchard’s Cricket Frog using histological technique and gross examination and assessed its age and growth using skeletochronology. Our results show that male and female Blanchard’s Cricket Frogs metamorphose in the summer, and snout-vent (SVL) length quickly reaches adult size. Body mass (BM) follows SVL with female BM growing faster than males from spring through oviposition. Male and female reproductive phenophases follow growth patterns. Some males are reproductively viable by late summer. Most ovarian development occurs in the spring and summer with oviposition occurring sometime between late May and June. Growth, reproductive and skeletochronological evidence suggest that very few Blanchard’s Cricket Frogs live more than one year. The growth data for the Northern Cricket Frog was insufficient to support either semelparity or iteroparity. As a semelparous species, Blanchard’s Cricket Frog may be susceptible to transient and temporary stressors that interfere with reproduction or recruitment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37652344,"asset_id":12413422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6728795,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"McCallum","domain_name":"langston","page_name":"MalcolmMcCallum","display_name":"Malcolm McCallum","profile_url":"https://langston.academia.edu/MalcolmMcCallum?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6728795/2672924/3110866/s65_malcolm.mccallum.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":181,"name":"Herpetology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herpetology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":27552,"name":"Reproductive Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Biology?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49231331" data-work_id="49231331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49231331/Scythians_the_Tribe_From_the_Moon_The_Root_People_and_the_Root_Language_of_Earth_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8">Scythians: the Tribe From the Moon. The Root People and the Root Language of Earth // Скифы: племя с Луны. Корневой народ и корневой язык Земли</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The life came to Earth from the Universe: a part is alive thanks to the Whole, this world is alive thanks to Everything. The first tribe of our Earth were the Scythians, people from the Moon; their lunar language is the root of all... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49231331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The life came to Earth from the Universe: a part is alive thanks to the Whole, this world is alive thanks to Everything. The first  tribe of our Earth were the Scythians, people from the Moon; their lunar language is the root of all earthly languages. // Жизнь на Землю пришла из Вселенной: часть Целым жива, мир сей — Всем. Племя первое нашей Земли — Скифы, люди с Луны, Мены Греков: врат в То, отколь пали они —  Вечность в тлен; их язык, корневой земным — лунная молвь, душ нагих имена.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49231331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92dc8ed6a2d581c9c9793ae59bcd18cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":113179543,"asset_id":49231331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113179543/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="347618" href="https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/OlegYermakov">Oleg V Yermakov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="347618" type="text/json">{"id":347618,"first_name":"Oleg","last_name":"Yermakov","domain_name":"univ-kiev","page_name":"OlegYermakov","display_name":"Oleg V Yermakov","profile_url":"https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/OlegYermakov?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/347618/853373/1063642/s65_oleg.yermakov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49231331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49231331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49231331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49231331", }); 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The Root People and the Root Language of Earth // Скифы: племя с Луны. Корневой народ и корневой язык Земли","created_at":"2021-06-13T09:53:52.973-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49231331/Scythians_the_Tribe_From_the_Moon_The_Root_People_and_the_Root_Language_of_Earth_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_49231331","summary":"The life came to Earth from the Universe: a part is alive thanks to the Whole, this world is alive thanks to Everything. The first tribe of our Earth were the Scythians, people from the Moon; their lunar language is the root of all earthly languages. // Жизнь на Землю пришла из Вселенной: часть Целым жива, мир сей — Всем. Племя первое нашей Земли — Скифы, люди с Луны, Мены Греков: врат в То, отколь пали они — Вечность в тлен; их язык, корневой земным — лунная молвь, душ нагих имена.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":113179543,"asset_id":49231331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":347618,"first_name":"Oleg","last_name":"Yermakov","domain_name":"univ-kiev","page_name":"OlegYermakov","display_name":"Oleg V Yermakov","profile_url":"https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/OlegYermakov?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/347618/853373/1063642/s65_oleg.yermakov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3497,"name":"Cosmology (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology_Anthropology_?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":10187,"name":"Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Love?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":31390,"name":"Scythian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scythian_archaeology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":51567,"name":"Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universe?f_ri=21070"},{"id":58816,"name":"Cosmogony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmogony?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90325,"name":"Orpheus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orpheus?f_ri=21070"},{"id":110408,"name":"Scythians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scythians?f_ri=21070"},{"id":177538,"name":"Moon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moon?f_ri=21070"},{"id":187613,"name":"Scythian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scythian_History?f_ri=21070"},{"id":211518,"name":"Paradise Lost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paradise_Lost?f_ri=21070"},{"id":301431,"name":"Doctrine of God, Christology, Soteriology, Historical Theology, Biblical Studies, Dogmatic Theology, Analytic Theology, Continental Theology, Biblical Theology, Thomas F. Torrance, Karl Barth, John Calvin, Systematic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_God_Christology_Soteriology_Historical_Theology_Biblical_Studies_Dogmatic_Theology_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":384860,"name":"Moon conspiracy theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moon_conspiracy_theories?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6059392" data-work_id="6059392" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6059392/Parent_Offspring_Conflict_Theory_An_Evolutionary_Framework_for_Understanding_Conflict_Within_Human_Families">Parent–Offspring Conflict Theory: An Evolutionary Framework for Understanding Conflict Within Human Families</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Decades of research demonstrate that conflict shapes and permeates a broad range of family processes. In the current article, we argue that greater insight, integration of knowledge, and empirical achievement in the study of family... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6059392" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Decades of research demonstrate that conflict shapes and permeates a broad range of family processes. In the current article, we argue that greater insight, integration of knowledge, and empirical achievement in the study of family conflict can be realized by utilizing a powerful theory from evolutionary biology that is barely known within psychology: parent-offspring conflict theory (POCT). In the current article, we articulate POCT for psychological scientists, extend its scope by connecting it to the broader framework of life history theory, and draw out its implications for understanding conflict within human families. We specifically apply POCT to 2 instances of early mother-offspring interaction (prenatal conflict and weaning conflict); discuss the effects of genetic relatedness on behavioral conflict between parents, children, and their siblings; review the emerging literature on parent-offspring conflict over the choice of mates and spouses; and examine parent-offspring conflict from the perspective of imprinted genes. This review demonstrates the utility of POCT, not only for explaining what is known about conflict within families but also for generating novel hypotheses, suggesting new lines of research, and moving us toward the "big picture" by integrating across biological and psychological domains of knowledge.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6059392" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d783c61cce723e649d0d3c53e4911e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49035110,"asset_id":6059392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49035110/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9113689" href="https://psu-us.academia.edu/GabrielSchlomer">Gabriel Schlomer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9113689" type="text/json">{"id":9113689,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Schlomer","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"GabrielSchlomer","display_name":"Gabriel Schlomer","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/GabrielSchlomer?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9113689/2951351/3457304/s65_gabriel.schlomer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6059392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6059392"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6059392, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6059392", }); 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In the current article, we argue that greater insight, integration of knowledge, and empirical achievement in the study of family conflict can be realized by utilizing a powerful theory from evolutionary biology that is barely known within psychology: parent-offspring conflict theory (POCT). In the current article, we articulate POCT for psychological scientists, extend its scope by connecting it to the broader framework of life history theory, and draw out its implications for understanding conflict within human families. We specifically apply POCT to 2 instances of early mother-offspring interaction (prenatal conflict and weaning conflict); discuss the effects of genetic relatedness on behavioral conflict between parents, children, and their siblings; review the emerging literature on parent-offspring conflict over the choice of mates and spouses; and examine parent-offspring conflict from the perspective of imprinted genes. This review demonstrates the utility of POCT, not only for explaining what is known about conflict within families but also for generating novel hypotheses, suggesting new lines of research, and moving us toward the \"big picture\" by integrating across biological and psychological domains of knowledge.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49035110,"asset_id":6059392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9113689,"first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Schlomer","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"GabrielSchlomer","display_name":"Gabriel Schlomer","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/GabrielSchlomer?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9113689/2951351/3457304/s65_gabriel.schlomer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20013,"name":"Parent Child Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_Child_Relationships?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":670468,"name":"Parent Child Conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_Child_Conflicts?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60759734" data-work_id="60759734" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60759734/A_Very_Short_History_of_Life_on_Earth_4_6_Billion_Years_in_12_Pithy_Chapters_by_Henry_Gee_a_Review">A (Very) Short History of Life on Earth: 4.6 Billion Years in 12 Pithy Chapters by Henry Gee, a Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dr. Henry Gee, Senior Editor for the Journal Nature, is coming out with a new book that debuts in the U.S on 11/2/21! This is a review of what I think is a fantastic book that all those people who are involved in scientific endeavors,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60759734" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dr. Henry Gee, Senior Editor for the Journal Nature, is coming out with a new book that debuts in the U.S on 11/2/21! <br /><br />This is a review of what I think is a fantastic book that all those people who are involved in scientific endeavors, especially SciComm should take a moment to read this book. <br /><br />It shows the complex, can be made simple and fun.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60759734" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50b4ca1e88a81d7a496da49ccd78107f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74059847,"asset_id":60759734,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74059847/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42393836" href="https://asu.academia.edu/SethChagi">Seth R Chagi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42393836" type="text/json">{"id":42393836,"first_name":"Seth","last_name":"Chagi","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"SethChagi","display_name":"Seth R Chagi","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/SethChagi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42393836/11636824/135838126/s65_seth.chagi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60759734 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60759734"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60759734, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60759734", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60759734 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60759734; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60759734"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60759734 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60759734"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60759734; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60759734]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60759734").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60759734").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60759734"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60759734]'), work: {"id":60759734,"title":"A (Very) Short History of Life on Earth: 4.6 Billion Years in 12 Pithy Chapters by Henry Gee, a Review","created_at":"2021-11-01T20:40:03.749-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60759734/A_Very_Short_History_of_Life_on_Earth_4_6_Billion_Years_in_12_Pithy_Chapters_by_Henry_Gee_a_Review?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_60759734","summary":"Dr. Henry Gee, Senior Editor for the Journal Nature, is coming out with a new book that debuts in the U.S on 11/2/21! \n\nThis is a review of what I think is a fantastic book that all those people who are involved in scientific endeavors, especially SciComm should take a moment to read this book. \n\nIt shows the complex, can be made simple and fun. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74059847,"asset_id":60759734,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42393836,"first_name":"Seth","last_name":"Chagi","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"SethChagi","display_name":"Seth R Chagi","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/SethChagi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42393836/11636824/135838126/s65_seth.chagi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":11873,"name":"Fish Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Biology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":13827,"name":"Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Biology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":20297,"name":"Nature of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_of_Science?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=21070"},{"id":35722,"name":"Philosophy of Nature and the Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Nature_and_the_Environment?f_ri=21070"},{"id":109337,"name":"Life Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Science?f_ri=21070"},{"id":136835,"name":"Earth History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_History?f_ri=21070"},{"id":427301,"name":"Geologic Timescale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geologic_Timescale?f_ri=21070"},{"id":916887,"name":"Early Life on Earth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Life_on_Earth?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42681748" data-work_id="42681748" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42681748/Exchanging_fluids_The_sociocultural_implications_of_microbial_cultural_and_ethnic_admixture_in_Latin_America">Exchanging fluids The sociocultural implications of microbial, cultural, and ethnic admixture in Latin America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Knowledge of evolutionary influences on patterns of human mating, social interactions, and differential health is increasing, yet these insights have rarely been applied to historical analyses of human population dynamics. The genetic and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42681748" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Knowledge of evolutionary influences on patterns of human mating, social interactions, and differential health is increasing, yet these insights have rarely been applied to historical analyses of human population dynamics. The genetic and evolutionary forces behind biases in interethnic mating and in the health of individuals of different ethnic groups in Latin America and the Caribbean since the European colonization of America are still largely ignored. We discuss how historical and contemporary sociocultural interactions and practices are strongly influenced by population-level evolutionary forces. Specifically, we discuss the historical implications of functional (de facto) polygyny, sex-biased admixture, and assortative mating in Latin America. We propose that these three evolutionary mechanisms influenced mating patterns, shaping the genetic and cultural landscape across Latin America and the Caribbean. Further, we discuss how genetic differences between the original populations that migrated at different times into Latin America contributed to their accommodation to and survival in the different local ecologies and interethnic interactions. Relevant medical and social implications follow from the genetic and cultural changes reviewed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42681748" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0df63213cd05ddbad034c5e642463d3a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62891184,"asset_id":42681748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62891184/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="524142" href="https://ucr.academia.edu/VanessaSmithCastro">Vanessa Smith-Castro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="524142" type="text/json">{"id":524142,"first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Smith-Castro","domain_name":"ucr","page_name":"VanessaSmithCastro","display_name":"Vanessa Smith-Castro","profile_url":"https://ucr.academia.edu/VanessaSmithCastro?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/524142/191387/158431296/s65_vanessa.smith-castro.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42681748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42681748"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42681748, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42681748", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42681748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42681748; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42681748"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42681748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42681748"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42681748; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42681748]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42681748").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42681748").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42681748"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12532" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assortative_Mating">Assortative Mating</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12532" type="text/json">{"id":12532,"name":"Assortative Mating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assortative_Mating?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56989" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America">Latin America</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="56989" type="text/json">{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42681748]'), work: {"id":42681748,"title":"Exchanging fluids The sociocultural implications of microbial, cultural, and ethnic admixture in Latin America","created_at":"2020-04-09T12:23:20.388-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42681748/Exchanging_fluids_The_sociocultural_implications_of_microbial_cultural_and_ethnic_admixture_in_Latin_America?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_42681748","summary":"Knowledge of evolutionary influences on patterns of human mating, social interactions, and differential health is increasing, yet these insights have rarely been applied to historical analyses of human population dynamics. The genetic and evolutionary forces behind biases in interethnic mating and in the health of individuals of different ethnic groups in Latin America and the Caribbean since the European colonization of America are still largely ignored. We discuss how historical and contemporary sociocultural interactions and practices are strongly influenced by population-level evolutionary forces. Specifically, we discuss the historical implications of functional (de facto) polygyny, sex-biased admixture, and assortative mating in Latin America. We propose that these three evolutionary mechanisms influenced mating patterns, shaping the genetic and cultural landscape across Latin America and the Caribbean. Further, we discuss how genetic differences between the original populations that migrated at different times into Latin America contributed to their accommodation to and survival in the different local ecologies and interethnic interactions. Relevant medical and social implications follow from the genetic and cultural changes reviewed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62891184,"asset_id":42681748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":524142,"first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Smith-Castro","domain_name":"ucr","page_name":"VanessaSmithCastro","display_name":"Vanessa Smith-Castro","profile_url":"https://ucr.academia.edu/VanessaSmithCastro?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/524142/191387/158431296/s65_vanessa.smith-castro.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":12532,"name":"Assortative Mating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assortative_Mating?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":601212,"name":"Pathogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathogens?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43158252" data-work_id="43158252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43158252/Size_does_matter_the_eco_evolutionary_effects_of_changing_body_size_in_fish">Size does matter -the eco-evolutionary effects of changing body size in fish</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Body size acts as a proxy for many fitness-related traits. Body size is also subject to directional selection from various anthropogenic stressors such as increasing water temperature, decreasing dissolved oxygen, fisheries, as well as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43158252" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Body size acts as a proxy for many fitness-related traits. Body size is also subject to directional selection from various anthropogenic stressors such as increasing water temperature, decreasing dissolved oxygen, fisheries, as well as natural predators. Changes in individual body size correlate with changes in fecundity, behaviour, and survival, and can propagate through populations and ecosystems by truncating age and size structures and  changing predator-prey dynamics. In this review, we will explore the causes and consequences of changing body size in fish in the light of recent literature and relevant theories. We will investigate the central role of body size in ecology by first discussing the main selective agents that influence body size: fishing, increasing water temperature, decreasing dissolved oxygen, and predation. We will then explore the impacts of these changes at the individual, population and ecosystem levels. Considering the relatively high heritability of body size, we will discuss how a change in body size can leave a genetic signature in the population and translate to a change in the evolutionary potential of the species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43158252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1563d887b56a78560223eed20b4ea376" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63420354,"asset_id":43158252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63420354/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6719959" href="https://miami.academia.edu/PauliinaAhti">Pauliina Ahti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6719959" type="text/json">{"id":6719959,"first_name":"Pauliina","last_name":"Ahti","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"PauliinaAhti","display_name":"Pauliina Ahti","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/PauliinaAhti?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6719959/6672904/7539622/s65_pauliina.ahti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43158252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43158252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43158252, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43158252", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43158252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43158252").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43158252").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43158252"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries">Fisheries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4711" type="text/json">{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11417" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics">Population Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11417" type="text/json">{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43158252]'), work: {"id":43158252,"title":"Size does matter -the eco-evolutionary effects of changing body size in fish","created_at":"2020-05-25T07:58:44.790-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43158252/Size_does_matter_the_eco_evolutionary_effects_of_changing_body_size_in_fish?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_43158252","summary":"Body size acts as a proxy for many fitness-related traits. Body size is also subject to directional selection from various anthropogenic stressors such as increasing water temperature, decreasing dissolved oxygen, fisheries, as well as natural predators. Changes in individual body size correlate with changes in fecundity, behaviour, and survival, and can propagate through populations and ecosystems by truncating age and size structures and changing predator-prey dynamics. In this review, we will explore the causes and consequences of changing body size in fish in the light of recent literature and relevant theories. We will investigate the central role of body size in ecology by first discussing the main selective agents that influence body size: fishing, increasing water temperature, decreasing dissolved oxygen, and predation. We will then explore the impacts of these changes at the individual, population and ecosystem levels. Considering the relatively high heritability of body size, we will discuss how a change in body size can leave a genetic signature in the population and translate to a change in the evolutionary potential of the species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63420354,"asset_id":43158252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6719959,"first_name":"Pauliina","last_name":"Ahti","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"PauliinaAhti","display_name":"Pauliina Ahti","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/PauliinaAhti?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6719959/6672904/7539622/s65_pauliina.ahti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":28157,"name":"Environmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Change?f_ri=21070"},{"id":88930,"name":"Predation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":106333,"name":"Ecosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystems?f_ri=21070"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=21070"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=21070"},{"id":304881,"name":"Life-History Traits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life-History_Traits?f_ri=21070"},{"id":575273,"name":"Dissolved Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissolved_Oxygen?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72553077" data-work_id="72553077" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72553077/Testing_predictions_of_small_brood_models_using_parasitoid_wasps">Testing predictions of small brood models using parasitoid wasps</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Question: How is variation in offspring size (between broods) related to brood size? Hypotheses: Variance in offspring size (between broods) should decrease with increasing brood size as predicted by Charnov and colleagues’ (Charnov and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72553077" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Question: How is variation in offspring size (between broods) related to brood size? Hypotheses: Variance in offspring size (between broods) should decrease with increasing brood size as predicted by Charnov and colleagues’ (Charnov and Downhower, 1995; Charnov et al., 1995) small brood invariant. The range in resources put towards reproduction (for mothers producing a certain brood size) should be invariant over brood size (Downhower and Charnov, 1998). We also test assumptions underlying these predictions. Data studied: We use previously collected data on six parasitoid wasp species. Conclusions: As predicted, variance in offspring size among broods decreased with increasing brood size. However, this decrease did not follow closely the quantitative predictions of Charnov and colleagues (Charnov and Downhower, 1995; Charnov et al., 1995). We found some support for the prediction that the range in resources invested in reproduction is invariant over brood size. The assumption that m...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72553077" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b3de85c085fa83b7afd8d4c4deec587" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81436938,"asset_id":72553077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81436938/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="206295560" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MeghanGuinnee">Meghan Guinnee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="206295560" type="text/json">{"id":206295560,"first_name":"Meghan","last_name":"Guinnee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeghanGuinnee","display_name":"Meghan Guinnee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeghanGuinnee?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206295560/66724246/55080599/s65_meghan.guinnee.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72553077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72553077"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72553077, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72553077", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72553077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72553077; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72553077"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72553077 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72553077"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72553077; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72553077]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72553077").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72553077").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72553077"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72553077]'), work: {"id":72553077,"title":"Testing predictions of small brood models using parasitoid wasps","created_at":"2022-02-27T13:00:29.934-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72553077/Testing_predictions_of_small_brood_models_using_parasitoid_wasps?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_72553077","summary":"Question: How is variation in offspring size (between broods) related to brood size? Hypotheses: Variance in offspring size (between broods) should decrease with increasing brood size as predicted by Charnov and colleagues’ (Charnov and Downhower, 1995; Charnov et al., 1995) small brood invariant. The range in resources put towards reproduction (for mothers producing a certain brood size) should be invariant over brood size (Downhower and Charnov, 1998). We also test assumptions underlying these predictions. Data studied: We use previously collected data on six parasitoid wasp species. Conclusions: As predicted, variance in offspring size among broods decreased with increasing brood size. However, this decrease did not follow closely the quantitative predictions of Charnov and colleagues (Charnov and Downhower, 1995; Charnov et al., 1995). We found some support for the prediction that the range in resources invested in reproduction is invariant over brood size. The assumption that m...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81436938,"asset_id":72553077,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206295560,"first_name":"Meghan","last_name":"Guinnee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MeghanGuinnee","display_name":"Meghan Guinnee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MeghanGuinnee?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206295560/66724246/55080599/s65_meghan.guinnee.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":9742,"name":"Resource Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":18594,"name":"Evolutionary Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Ecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":27190,"name":"Insect Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insect_Ecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":27552,"name":"Reproductive Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Biology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":151960,"name":"Clutch Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clutch_Size?f_ri=21070"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=21070"},{"id":242842,"name":"Offspring Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Offspring_Size?f_ri=21070"},{"id":338196,"name":"Sex Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Change?f_ri=21070"},{"id":351779,"name":"Parasitoid Wasp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitoid_Wasp?f_ri=21070"},{"id":363577,"name":"Parasitoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitoids?f_ri=21070"},{"id":363587,"name":"Parasitoid Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitoid_Ecology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":680959,"name":"Parasitoid Hymenoptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitoid_Hymenoptera?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1971355,"name":"Litter Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litter_Size?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50353744" data-work_id="50353744" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50353744/On_Persistent_and_New_Ascension_Symptoms_Part_II_Sleeplessness_and_Exhaustion">On Persistent and New Ascension Symptoms-Part II: Sleeplessness and Exhaustion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The discussion of Ascension symptoms arising as a result of accretion and absorption of the high frequency plasma light that we have been receiving is continued with particular attention on sleeplessness and tiredness. It is elucidated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50353744" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The discussion of Ascension symptoms arising as a result of accretion and absorption of the high frequency plasma light that we have been receiving is continued with particular attention on sleeplessness and tiredness. It is elucidated that the function of our mitochondria DNA being responsible for processing light has been intensified due to the accelerated bombardment of the high frequency plasmic light energies upon us, practically putting our bodies on a state of overdrive causing exhaustion. And, what is more, that this operation does not seize during the nights and while we are sleep. Actually, the majority of the process of accretion and absorption of the high frequency plasma light occurs at night and while we are supposed to be sleep, relaxed, with our conscious mind being turned off. So, instead of acquiring rest, our bodies are actually in the state of overdrive trying to accrete and absorb these lights received, leading to the activation of our dormant and atrophic Lightbody layers whose purpose is to upshift our overall natural frequency of vibration-light quotient, restructuring, re-encrypting, and recalibrating our DNA-RNA system, restoring us to the status of full Diamond Sun Oraphim Angelic Genetics, which entails having a 12D DNA Strand Crystalline Silicate-Based morphogenetics. And, all this requires efforts by our body that also represents an incompatibility between the natural frequency of consciousness vibration of our core manifestation body template and the frequencies of the incoming lights incident upon us. As a result, the body expresses its discomforts having been literally knocked our of its ‘comfort zone’ through the advent of these Ascension symptoms, ultimately to trigger our transmigrating and Ascending to the higher realms of consciousness. The outpour of high frequency plasma lights are changing the structure of matter-antimatter leading to its loss of constitution or compaction-density, at the same time introducing new elements in the periodic table. And, although a change of carbon-based to silicate-based DNA structure epitomizes de-densification, our bodies erroneously perceive this as ‘energy loss’ and densification or compaction, leading to always feeling tired, stiff, and being afflicted by a variety of pains. At the same time, the very action of accreting and absorbing higher frequencies leading to periodic upshifts in our natural frequency of vibration puts us in a state of much more alertness and awareness than usual, leading to our sleeplessness that adds to the complicated nature of the whole process. Thus, as a result, we actually feel like sleeping more during the days than nights that has its roots in the Earth’s rotational spinning and its magnetic field changing, with some areas on Earth practically ‘flipping’ their positions with respect to the Sun, leading to a sensation of confusion in our internal Cosmic Clock or circadian rhythm, practically perceiving what is night as day, and vice versa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50353744" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e92713df118d33cfc61e88afcc8817a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68373736,"asset_id":50353744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68373736/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50353744 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50353744"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50353744, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50353744", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50353744 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50353744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50353744"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50353744 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50353744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50353744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50353744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50353744").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50353744").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50353744"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="248" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology">Social Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="248" type="text/json">{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50353744]'), work: {"id":50353744,"title":"On Persistent and New Ascension Symptoms-Part II: Sleeplessness and Exhaustion","created_at":"2021-07-29T05:44:00.854-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50353744/On_Persistent_and_New_Ascension_Symptoms_Part_II_Sleeplessness_and_Exhaustion?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_50353744","summary":"The discussion of Ascension symptoms arising as a result of accretion and absorption of the high frequency plasma light that we have been receiving is continued with particular attention on sleeplessness and tiredness. It is elucidated that the function of our mitochondria DNA being responsible for processing light has been intensified due to the accelerated bombardment of the high frequency plasmic light energies upon us, practically putting our bodies on a state of overdrive causing exhaustion. And, what is more, that this operation does not seize during the nights and while we are sleep. Actually, the majority of the process of accretion and absorption of the high frequency plasma light occurs at night and while we are supposed to be sleep, relaxed, with our conscious mind being turned off. So, instead of acquiring rest, our bodies are actually in the state of overdrive trying to accrete and absorb these lights received, leading to the activation of our dormant and atrophic Lightbody layers whose purpose is to upshift our overall natural frequency of vibration-light quotient, restructuring, re-encrypting, and recalibrating our DNA-RNA system, restoring us to the status of full Diamond Sun Oraphim Angelic Genetics, which entails having a 12D DNA Strand Crystalline Silicate-Based morphogenetics. And, all this requires efforts by our body that also represents an incompatibility between the natural frequency of consciousness vibration of our core manifestation body template and the frequencies of the incoming lights incident upon us. As a result, the body expresses its discomforts having been literally knocked our of its ‘comfort zone’ through the advent of these Ascension symptoms, ultimately to trigger our transmigrating and Ascending to the higher realms of consciousness. The outpour of high frequency plasma lights are changing the structure of matter-antimatter leading to its loss of constitution or compaction-density, at the same time introducing new elements in the periodic table. And, although a change of carbon-based to silicate-based DNA structure epitomizes de-densification, our bodies erroneously perceive this as ‘energy loss’ and densification or compaction, leading to always feeling tired, stiff, and being afflicted by a variety of pains. At the same time, the very action of accreting and absorbing higher frequencies leading to periodic upshifts in our natural frequency of vibration puts us in a state of much more alertness and awareness than usual, leading to our sleeplessness that adds to the complicated nature of the whole process. Thus, as a result, we actually feel like sleeping more during the days than nights that has its roots in the Earth’s rotational spinning and its magnetic field changing, with some areas on Earth practically ‘flipping’ their positions with respect to the Sun, leading to a sensation of confusion in our internal Cosmic Clock or circadian rhythm, practically perceiving what is night as day, and vice versa. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68373736,"asset_id":50353744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28377,"name":"Stress (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Psychology_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":38943,"name":"Evolución","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evoluci%C3%B3n?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":111330,"name":"Philosophy of Mind (the hard problem of consciousness)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_the_hard_problem_of_consciousness_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":143233,"name":"Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":166506,"name":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":706975,"name":"Depressive Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1019278,"name":"Consciousness and Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_and_Creativity?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5025235" data-work_id="5025235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5025235/Evolution_and_Human_Sexuality">Evolution and Human Sexuality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this review is to put core features of human sexuality in an evolutionary light. Toward that end, I address five topics concerning the evolution of human sexuality. First, I address theoreticalfoundations, including recent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5025235" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this review is to put core features of human sexuality in an evolutionary light. Toward that end, I address five topics concerning the evolution of human sexuality. First, I address theoreticalfoundations, including recent critiques and  developments. While much traces back to Darwin and his view <br />of sexual selection, more recent work helps refine the theoretical bases to sex differences and life history allocations to mating effort. Second, I consider central models attempting to specify the phylogenetic details regarding how hominin sexuality might have changed, with most of those models honing in on transitions from a possible chimpanzee-like ancestor to the slightly polygynous and long-term bonded sociosexual partnerships observed among most recently studied hunter-gatherers. Third, I address recent genetic and physiological data contributing to a refined understanding of human sexuality. As examples, the availability of rapidly increasing genomic information aids comparative approaches to discern signals of selection in sexuality-related phenotypes, and neuroendocrine studies of human responses to sexual stimuli provide insight into homologous and derived mechanisms. Fourth, I consider some of the most recent, large, and rigorous studies of human sexuality. These provide insights into sexual behavior across other national samples and on the Internet. Fifth, I discuss the relevance of a life course perspective to understanding the evolution of human sexuality. Most research on the evolution of human sexuality focuses on young adults. Yet humans are sexual beings from gestation to death, albeit in different ways across the life course, and in ways that can be theoretically couched within life history theory.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5025235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ea35b33379aaeb56a8d4d5cfce010f0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32258102,"asset_id":5025235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32258102/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27719" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray">Peter Gray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27719" type="text/json">{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5025235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5025235"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5025235, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5025235", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5025235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5025235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5025235"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5025235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5025235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5025235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5025235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5025235").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5025235").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5025235"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7044" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection">Sexual Selection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7044" type="text/json">{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5025235]'), work: {"id":5025235,"title":"Evolution and Human Sexuality","created_at":"2013-11-07T12:41:49.004-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5025235/Evolution_and_Human_Sexuality?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_5025235","summary":"The aim of this review is to put core features of human sexuality in an evolutionary light. Toward that end, I address five topics concerning the evolution of human sexuality. First, I address theoreticalfoundations, including recent critiques and developments. While much traces back to Darwin and his view\r\nof sexual selection, more recent work helps refine the theoretical bases to sex differences and life history allocations to mating effort. Second, I consider central models attempting to specify the phylogenetic details regarding how hominin sexuality might have changed, with most of those models honing in on transitions from a possible chimpanzee-like ancestor to the slightly polygynous and long-term bonded sociosexual partnerships observed among most recently studied hunter-gatherers. Third, I address recent genetic and physiological data contributing to a refined understanding of human sexuality. As examples, the availability of rapidly increasing genomic information aids comparative approaches to discern signals of selection in sexuality-related phenotypes, and neuroendocrine studies of human responses to sexual stimuli provide insight into homologous and derived mechanisms. Fourth, I consider some of the most recent, large, and rigorous studies of human sexuality. These provide insights into sexual behavior across other national samples and on the Internet. Fifth, I discuss the relevance of a life course perspective to understanding the evolution of human sexuality. Most research on the evolution of human sexuality focuses on young adults. Yet humans are sexual beings from gestation to death, albeit in different ways across the life course, and in ways that can be theoretically couched within life history theory.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32258102,"asset_id":5025235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":53732,"name":"Human Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Sexuality?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50227631" data-work_id="50227631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50227631/On_Persistent_Ascension_Symptoms_Part_I_Flu_and_Allergy_Like_Complications">On Persistent Ascension Symptoms -Part I: Flu-and-Allergy-Like Complications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A general overview of the common Ascension Symptoms have been presented. It is elucidated that none of these Ascension Symptoms, that nevertheless constitute complications which may include feelings of pains and discomforts, are entropic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50227631" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A general overview of the common Ascension Symptoms have been presented. It is elucidated that none of these Ascension Symptoms, that nevertheless constitute complications which may include feelings of pains and discomforts, are entropic that would otherwise constitute loss of energies arising as the result of pathological factors such as infections, diseases, etc. In fact, it is stressed that these symptoms are the end results or the associated side effects with regard to our bodies acclimating itself with the high frequential plasma light energies we are currently receiving whose purpose of accretion and absorption is to reactivate the dormant and atrophic layers of our lightbody leading to building our 'Crystal Light Palace,' also referred to as the 'RA center,' in our alias solar plexus area situated slightly above our naval. Yet, as our bodies are neither used to such highly potent incident frequential light energies, nor they were designed to withstand such energies (that are actually occurring as a result of acceleration of time-light deemed essential to see us finally attain Ascension after millennia of deprivation of our inherent right of consciousness expansibility as negated by the negative aliens), our bodies show their discomforts as such Ascension Allergies or Ascension Symptoms. And, this will, ultimately, culminate in crystallization of our DNA-RNA system via re-encryption and recalibration of our dark matter core manifestation body template and morphogenetics. This, in turn, will lead to the activation of our Oraphim Angelic Crystalline Silicate-based 12D Strand DNA and 6 Strand RNA system, also referred to as our Diamond Sun Body, thus restoring our full status of Christos-Sophia crystalline consciousness. In this respect, although a general overview of these persistent Ascension symptoms has been elucidated, focused attention has been paid to the case of socalled Flu-Like or Allergy-Like Ascension symptoms, leaving further details on other such persistent Ascension symptoms to be presented elsewhere, as well as comprehensive discussions on the nature of our accretion and absorption of these incoming high frequency plasma light energies giving rise to the activation of our Diamond Sun Body morphogenetics and consciousness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50227631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fc2587c11b6d268f20ee3c41490244c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68291854,"asset_id":50227631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68291854/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50227631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50227631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50227631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50227631", }); 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It is elucidated that none of these Ascension Symptoms, that nevertheless constitute complications which may include feelings of pains and discomforts, are entropic that would otherwise constitute loss of energies arising as the result of pathological factors such as infections, diseases, etc. In fact, it is stressed that these symptoms are the end results or the associated side effects with regard to our bodies acclimating itself with the high frequential plasma light energies we are currently receiving whose purpose of accretion and absorption is to reactivate the dormant and atrophic layers of our lightbody leading to building our 'Crystal Light Palace,' also referred to as the 'RA center,' in our alias solar plexus area situated slightly above our naval. Yet, as our bodies are neither used to such highly potent incident frequential light energies, nor they were designed to withstand such energies (that are actually occurring as a result of acceleration of time-light deemed essential to see us finally attain Ascension after millennia of deprivation of our inherent right of consciousness expansibility as negated by the negative aliens), our bodies show their discomforts as such Ascension Allergies or Ascension Symptoms. And, this will, ultimately, culminate in crystallization of our DNA-RNA system via re-encryption and recalibration of our dark matter core manifestation body template and morphogenetics. This, in turn, will lead to the activation of our Oraphim Angelic Crystalline Silicate-based 12D Strand DNA and 6 Strand RNA system, also referred to as our Diamond Sun Body, thus restoring our full status of Christos-Sophia crystalline consciousness. In this respect, although a general overview of these persistent Ascension symptoms has been elucidated, focused attention has been paid to the case of socalled Flu-Like or Allergy-Like Ascension symptoms, leaving further details on other such persistent Ascension symptoms to be presented elsewhere, as well as comprehensive discussions on the nature of our accretion and absorption of these incoming high frequency plasma light energies giving rise to the activation of our Diamond Sun Body morphogenetics and consciousness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68291854,"asset_id":50227631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21692,"name":"Anthropology of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":143233,"name":"Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":423501,"name":"Psychological Symptom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Symptom?f_ri=21070"},{"id":778977,"name":"Ascension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascension?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60194946" data-work_id="60194946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60194946/Scale_invariant_Symmetry_Breaking_of_a_Musical_Master_code_from_a_5_D_Superfluid_Sub_Quantum_Space_Is_Instrumental_in_the_Fabric_of_Reality_Life_Conditions_and_Cosmic_Consciousness">Scale-invariant Symmetry Breaking of a Musical Master-code from a 5-D Superfluid Sub-Quantum Space Is Instrumental in the Fabric of Reality, Life Conditions and Cosmic Consciousness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Meta-analysis of current biomedical and biophysical literature revealed the presence of a fractal pattern of discrete EMF frequency bands, in a wide range of animate and non-animate systems, framed as the Generalized Music (GM)-scale... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60194946" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Meta-analysis of current biomedical and biophysical literature revealed the presence of a fractal pattern of discrete EMF frequency bands, in a wide range of animate and non-animate systems, framed as the Generalized Music (GM)-scale biophysical principle and also applied by us to study cognitive brain function as well as quantum mechanical aspects of first life. In this respect, it is proposed that nature is guided by a resonating set of quantum vacuum fluctuations of an all-pervading zero-point energy (ZPE)-field. It was shown that the toroidal GM-code can accommodate 4 spatial dimensions, in line with the Kaluza Klein concept as a feature of the Sub-Quatum SFQS, conceived as a homogenous 5-D space-time manifold. The related photon/phonon and soliton fluxes can be modelled by toroidal geometry as also obtained from Perelmann-Ricci-Flow mappings, processes that enable crucial wave damping and tone separation. The GM-scale exhibits a self-similar fractal) wave pattern that gives rise to a series of more than 500 EMF frequencies from the Hz to the GHz ranges, thereby exhibiting a field-like character. In this paper we report on a series of 46 experimentally determined ZPE-frequencies, from 15 separate studies, that fit the GM-scale eigenvalues closely. The central message of these quantum wave studies implies a cosmic connectivity operating in a primordial context, possibly related to known bounce models of our universe, that is likely also mirrored in life processes, including the human brain. It is postulated that the generation of life in the cosmos resulted from a symmetry breaking from the homogenous 5-D manifold that contains condensed boson type of quantum wave information and is instrumental in past/future transactional information processing and/or pilot-wave type of wave guiding. In this sense, the ZPE-field is seen as a transition zone from the 5D Sub-Quantum domain to our quantum world. We hold that the ZPE-field presents an all-pervading quantum field, that provides longdistance solitons (electron-phonon quasi-particles) that can guide the 3D folding of brain macromolecules embedded in coherently structured water domains, in which hydronium ions and Ca2+ ions are particularly instrumental. In this manner cell proteins and DNA may function as wave-antennas to receive active lifeinformation for the functional architecture of cell, and the generation of cell memory and conscious states. For the permanent transmission of external information a holographic 5D memory workspace of the brain is required that is associated with, but not reducible to the brain. This field-sensitive holographic workspace is involved in predictive coding and quality control of individual awareness. Recent studies by Wong et al., show that the creation of life can be conceived as being guided through a symmetry breaking of condensed (charge neutral, massless) bosons from the 5D informational manifold. The particuar "Diagonal Long Range Ordered" bosons represent the monopoles from the Maxwell magnetic monopole potential, a solitonic eigenstate of the homogenous 5-D manifold, that through Perelmann mapping generates toroidals, instrumental in the formation bio-rings including the nitrogenous bases of RNA and DNA. The retained EMF from these monopole bosons within the RNA and DNA can interact with the molecular entities of life, such as H2O, carbon and nitrogen, by inducing mobile positive valence band hole charges in the molecules. This provides an offdiagonal-long-range ordered superconducting phase that enables cell grow and survival in its thermal environment. It is finally concluded that all matter, from galaxies through life creation therein, is derived from scale invariant information transfer, expressed at the holographic event horizons of each individual cosmic entity, a process that was intended to be verified and observed by the intelligent subjects of its own creation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60194946" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f2eb4855f99aeddce37def2921c45a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73746648,"asset_id":60194946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73746648/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52756562" href="https://rug.academia.edu/DirkMeijer">Dirk K F Meijer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52756562" type="text/json">{"id":52756562,"first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Meijer","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"DirkMeijer","display_name":"Dirk K F Meijer","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/DirkMeijer?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52756562/14843470/15628934/s65_dirk.meijer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60194946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60194946"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60194946, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60194946", }); 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In this respect, it is proposed that nature is guided by a resonating set of quantum vacuum fluctuations of an all-pervading zero-point energy (ZPE)-field. It was shown that the toroidal GM-code can accommodate 4 spatial dimensions, in line with the Kaluza Klein concept as a feature of the Sub-Quatum SFQS, conceived as a homogenous 5-D space-time manifold. The related photon/phonon and soliton fluxes can be modelled by toroidal geometry as also obtained from Perelmann-Ricci-Flow mappings, processes that enable crucial wave damping and tone separation. The GM-scale exhibits a self-similar fractal) wave pattern that gives rise to a series of more than 500 EMF frequencies from the Hz to the GHz ranges, thereby exhibiting a field-like character. In this paper we report on a series of 46 experimentally determined ZPE-frequencies, from 15 separate studies, that fit the GM-scale eigenvalues closely. The central message of these quantum wave studies implies a cosmic connectivity operating in a primordial context, possibly related to known bounce models of our universe, that is likely also mirrored in life processes, including the human brain. It is postulated that the generation of life in the cosmos resulted from a symmetry breaking from the homogenous 5-D manifold that contains condensed boson type of quantum wave information and is instrumental in past/future transactional information processing and/or pilot-wave type of wave guiding. In this sense, the ZPE-field is seen as a transition zone from the 5D Sub-Quantum domain to our quantum world. We hold that the ZPE-field presents an all-pervading quantum field, that provides longdistance solitons (electron-phonon quasi-particles) that can guide the 3D folding of brain macromolecules embedded in coherently structured water domains, in which hydronium ions and Ca2+ ions are particularly instrumental. In this manner cell proteins and DNA may function as wave-antennas to receive active lifeinformation for the functional architecture of cell, and the generation of cell memory and conscious states. For the permanent transmission of external information a holographic 5D memory workspace of the brain is required that is associated with, but not reducible to the brain. This field-sensitive holographic workspace is involved in predictive coding and quality control of individual awareness. Recent studies by Wong et al., show that the creation of life can be conceived as being guided through a symmetry breaking of condensed (charge neutral, massless) bosons from the 5D informational manifold. The particuar \"Diagonal Long Range Ordered\" bosons represent the monopoles from the Maxwell magnetic monopole potential, a solitonic eigenstate of the homogenous 5-D manifold, that through Perelmann mapping generates toroidals, instrumental in the formation bio-rings including the nitrogenous bases of RNA and DNA. The retained EMF from these monopole bosons within the RNA and DNA can interact with the molecular entities of life, such as H2O, carbon and nitrogen, by inducing mobile positive valence band hole charges in the molecules. This provides an offdiagonal-long-range ordered superconducting phase that enables cell grow and survival in its thermal environment. It is finally concluded that all matter, from galaxies through life creation therein, is derived from scale invariant information transfer, expressed at the holographic event horizons of each individual cosmic entity, a process that was intended to be verified and observed by the intelligent subjects of its own creation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73746648,"asset_id":60194946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52756562,"first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Meijer","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"DirkMeijer","display_name":"Dirk K F Meijer","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/DirkMeijer?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52756562/14843470/15628934/s65_dirk.meijer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":109250,"name":"Biología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50305820" data-work_id="50305820" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50305820/Ascension_Maladies_or_Symptoms_Part_I_Difficulties_Associated_with_Clearing_Cleansing_and_Evolutional_Changes">Ascension 'Maladies' or Symptoms -Part I: Difficulties Associated with Clearing-Cleansing and Evolutional Changes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An overview of the myriad forms of Ascension maladies or symptoms affecting the awakened and enlightened souls within the 3 rd dimensional Earth plane awaiting to ascend to the higher dimensions of consciousness has been explicated. It is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50305820" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An overview of the myriad forms of Ascension maladies or symptoms affecting the awakened and enlightened souls within the 3 rd dimensional Earth plane awaiting to ascend to the higher dimensions of consciousness has been explicated. It is clarified that due to the outpour of the colossal quanta of light energies bombarding Earth nowadays together with their acceleration, certain maladies are being developed and felt by sentient human beings that are mainly associated with the resulting clearing and cleansing of the soul from the stored genetic karma, as well as the consequent evolutional changes that are being experienced within the genetics-physiology of human beings. Indeed, this paper concentrates on this broad category of Ascension maladies with other symptoms being discussed in two other companion papers. It is explicated herein that, broadly speaking, such maladies may be classified as extreme random deep aches and pains that appear and then disappear within diverse parts of the body that can culminate in overstress, anxiety, restlessness and fear, as well as extreme tiredness and fatigue, lethargy, craving for more sleep, drastic changes in night time dreaming, diarrhea or stomach problems, sensation of heart problems, outbreak of rashes and hives, etc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50305820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c94b7afaeb94a72c7e6d63d7ee99499c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68341599,"asset_id":50305820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68341599/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50305820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50305820"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50305820, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50305820", }); 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It is clarified that due to the outpour of the colossal quanta of light energies bombarding Earth nowadays together with their acceleration, certain maladies are being developed and felt by sentient human beings that are mainly associated with the resulting clearing and cleansing of the soul from the stored genetic karma, as well as the consequent evolutional changes that are being experienced within the genetics-physiology of human beings. Indeed, this paper concentrates on this broad category of Ascension maladies with other symptoms being discussed in two other companion papers. It is explicated herein that, broadly speaking, such maladies may be classified as extreme random deep aches and pains that appear and then disappear within diverse parts of the body that can culminate in overstress, anxiety, restlessness and fear, as well as extreme tiredness and fatigue, lethargy, craving for more sleep, drastic changes in night time dreaming, diarrhea or stomach problems, sensation of heart problems, outbreak of rashes and hives, etc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68341599,"asset_id":50305820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":38943,"name":"Evolución","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evoluci%C3%B3n?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":143233,"name":"Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":423501,"name":"Psychological Symptom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Symptom?f_ri=21070"},{"id":706975,"name":"Depressive Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":778977,"name":"Ascension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascension?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13248904" data-work_id="13248904" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13248904/Lifetime_reproductive_success_and_longevity_of_queens_in_an_annual_social_insect">Lifetime reproductive success and longevity of queens in an annual social insect</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although central to understanding life-history evolution, the relationship between lifetime reproductive success and longevity remains uncertain in many organisms. In social insects, no studies have reported estimates of queens' lifetime... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13248904" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although central to understanding life-history evolution, the relationship between lifetime reproductive success and longevity remains uncertain in many organisms. In social insects, no studies have reported estimates of queens' lifetime reproductive success and longevity within populations, despite the importance of understanding how sociality and associated within-group conflict affect life-history traits. To address this issue, we studied two samples of colonies of the annual bumblebee, Bombus terrestris audax, reared from wild-caught queens from a single population. In both samples, queens' lifetime reproductive success, measured as either queens' inclusive fitness or as total biomass of queen-produced sexuals (new queens and males), was significantly positively associated with queen longevity, measured from the day the first worker was produced. We suggest that a positive relationship between reproductive success and longevity was inherited from nonsocial ancestors showing parental care and maintained, at least in part, because the presence of workers buffers queens against extrinsic mortality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13248904" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d27781aac0c97df0650a6e34355ab176" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45551813,"asset_id":13248904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45551813/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32505632" href="https://uoguelph.academia.edu/NigelRaine">Nigel Raine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32505632" type="text/json">{"id":32505632,"first_name":"Nigel","last_name":"Raine","domain_name":"uoguelph","page_name":"NigelRaine","display_name":"Nigel Raine","profile_url":"https://uoguelph.academia.edu/NigelRaine?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13248904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13248904"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13248904, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13248904", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13248904]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13248904").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13248904").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13248904"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction">Reproduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4559" type="text/json">{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13248904]'), work: {"id":13248904,"title":"Lifetime reproductive success and longevity of queens in an annual social insect","created_at":"2015-06-24T11:47:08.609-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13248904/Lifetime_reproductive_success_and_longevity_of_queens_in_an_annual_social_insect?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_13248904","summary":"Although central to understanding life-history evolution, the relationship between lifetime reproductive success and longevity remains uncertain in many organisms. In social insects, no studies have reported estimates of queens' lifetime reproductive success and longevity within populations, despite the importance of understanding how sociality and associated within-group conflict affect life-history traits. To address this issue, we studied two samples of colonies of the annual bumblebee, Bombus terrestris audax, reared from wild-caught queens from a single population. In both samples, queens' lifetime reproductive success, measured as either queens' inclusive fitness or as total biomass of queen-produced sexuals (new queens and males), was significantly positively associated with queen longevity, measured from the day the first worker was produced. We suggest that a positive relationship between reproductive success and longevity was inherited from nonsocial ancestors showing parental care and maintained, at least in part, because the presence of workers buffers queens against extrinsic mortality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45551813,"asset_id":13248904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32505632,"first_name":"Nigel","last_name":"Raine","domain_name":"uoguelph","page_name":"NigelRaine","display_name":"Nigel Raine","profile_url":"https://uoguelph.academia.edu/NigelRaine?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070"},{"id":8954,"name":"Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=21070"},{"id":59690,"name":"Bees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bees?f_ri=21070"},{"id":60631,"name":"Parental care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parental_care?f_ri=21070"},{"id":61214,"name":"Longevity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longevity?f_ri=21070"},{"id":151886,"name":"Lifetime Reproductive Success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lifetime_Reproductive_Success?f_ri=21070"},{"id":151945,"name":"Reproductive Success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Success?f_ri=21070"},{"id":308889,"name":"Inclusive Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inclusive_Fitness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":344302,"name":"Bombus Terrestris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bombus_Terrestris?f_ri=21070"},{"id":525582,"name":"Social Insect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Insect?f_ri=21070"},{"id":525583,"name":"Worker Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Worker_Reproduction?f_ri=21070"},{"id":702621,"name":"Genetic Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Fitness?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50882725" data-work_id="50882725" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50882725/Alleviating_the_Ascension_Maladies_through_Understanding_and_Living_from_the_Heart_Part_I_General_Discussion">Alleviating the Ascension Maladies through Understanding and Living from the Heart -Part I: General Discussion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is emphasized, herein, that this era of pre-Ascension has involved bombardment of potent light energies of consciousness upon the potentially Ascending population of Earth that has created a demanding impetus upon Earth humanity, one... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50882725" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is emphasized, herein, that this era of pre-Ascension has involved bombardment of potent light energies of consciousness upon the potentially Ascending population of Earth that has created a demanding impetus upon Earth humanity, one that will eventually lead to mankind’s overall genetic evolution. And, due to the apparent lack of capability to accommodate such drastic energetics and their requisite changes in human physiognomy, mankind is practically faced with challenging situations that have led to the inception or augmentation of experience of further anxiety, stress, and pain. It is, therefore, incumbent on mankind to make an effort to better understand the nature of its energetics, physiognomy, and genetics, and seek avenues by which such discomforts may be alleviated, thus aiding the process of Ascension, and at the same time, making the challenges of day-to-day physical existence more bearable. It has been explicated, herein, that it is the heart that is the gateway to the higher dimensional consciousness and ethereal existence. As such, the heart, as an extremely sophisticated neurophysiological organ, serves as the emotional center and the focused location for intuitive intelligence, connecting us to our HIGHERSELF, and in turn, to the Unified Field and the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator. Furthermore, the heart is not just a pump supplying the body with blood via a cardiovascular-respiratory-circulatory system by which simply oxygen and nutrients are carried out throughout the body. Indeed, the heart epitomizes the main central neuro-cardiological center that counsels the brain through the afferent parasympathetic vagus nerve that sends ascending neurological signals to the subcortical portion of the brain by which the hypothalamus plays its dominant role in the decision-making process of the brain. Thus, in order to achieve a highly coherent coordination between our heart, brain and the autonomic nervous system, we are wise to embark on a form of emotional self-regulation that would eventually lead to efficient functioning of our neuro-cardiological system. It is explained, herein, that such coherence leading to proper functioning of our entire body is achieved through proper beating of the heart. In particular, this may be epitomized by efficient heart rate variability that ultimately culminates in vitality and our overall well-being. Ultimately, emotional self-regulation gives rise to coherence and better health, alleviating stress, anxiety, pain, leading to better cognition, with such improved physiological indicators as the heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, better endocrine secretion, etc. In particular, positive thinking should be exercised as to set a new precedence or template for memory system against which the hypothalamus would weigh new challenging situations, leading to perseverance, resulting in comfort, prosperity, and general well-being.  And, when one encounters potentially highly challenging situations, direct and prompt intervention through effective breathing by a way of 6 breathing cycles per minutes is shown to result in optimal heart rate variability that is equivalent to a frequency of 0.1 Hz.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50882725" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3881f1735116020b44486509f82e3e45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68757882,"asset_id":50882725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68757882/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50882725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50882725"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50882725, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50882725", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50882725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50882725; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50882725"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50882725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50882725"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50882725; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50882725]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50882725").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50882725").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50882725"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Physiology">Human Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168" type="text/json">{"id":168,"name":"Human Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Physiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50882725]'), work: {"id":50882725,"title":"Alleviating the Ascension Maladies through Understanding and Living from the Heart -Part I: General Discussion","created_at":"2021-08-15T07:38:21.399-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50882725/Alleviating_the_Ascension_Maladies_through_Understanding_and_Living_from_the_Heart_Part_I_General_Discussion?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_50882725","summary":"It is emphasized, herein, that this era of pre-Ascension has involved bombardment of potent light energies of consciousness upon the potentially Ascending population of Earth that has created a demanding impetus upon Earth humanity, one that will eventually lead to mankind’s overall genetic evolution. And, due to the apparent lack of capability to accommodate such drastic energetics and their requisite changes in human physiognomy, mankind is practically faced with challenging situations that have led to the inception or augmentation of experience of further anxiety, stress, and pain. It is, therefore, incumbent on mankind to make an effort to better understand the nature of its energetics, physiognomy, and genetics, and seek avenues by which such discomforts may be alleviated, thus aiding the process of Ascension, and at the same time, making the challenges of day-to-day physical existence more bearable. It has been explicated, herein, that it is the heart that is the gateway to the higher dimensional consciousness and ethereal existence. As such, the heart, as an extremely sophisticated neurophysiological organ, serves as the emotional center and the focused location for intuitive intelligence, connecting us to our HIGHERSELF, and in turn, to the Unified Field and the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator. Furthermore, the heart is not just a pump supplying the body with blood via a cardiovascular-respiratory-circulatory system by which simply oxygen and nutrients are carried out throughout the body. Indeed, the heart epitomizes the main central neuro-cardiological center that counsels the brain through the afferent parasympathetic vagus nerve that sends ascending neurological signals to the subcortical portion of the brain by which the hypothalamus plays its dominant role in the decision-making process of the brain. Thus, in order to achieve a highly coherent coordination between our heart, brain and the autonomic nervous system, we are wise to embark on a form of emotional self-regulation that would eventually lead to efficient functioning of our neuro-cardiological system. It is explained, herein, that such coherence leading to proper functioning of our entire body is achieved through proper beating of the heart. In particular, this may be epitomized by efficient heart rate variability that ultimately culminates in vitality and our overall well-being. Ultimately, emotional self-regulation gives rise to coherence and better health, alleviating stress, anxiety, pain, leading to better cognition, with such improved physiological indicators as the heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, better endocrine secretion, etc. In particular, positive thinking should be exercised as to set a new precedence or template for memory system against which the hypothalamus would weigh new challenging situations, leading to perseverance, resulting in comfort, prosperity, and general well-being. And, when one encounters potentially highly challenging situations, direct and prompt intervention through effective breathing by a way of 6 breathing cycles per minutes is shown to result in optimal heart rate variability that is equivalent to a frequency of 0.1 Hz. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68757882,"asset_id":50882725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":168,"name":"Human Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Physiology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":2055,"name":"Consciousness (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Psychology_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":11050,"name":"Galaxy Formation and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galaxy_Formation_and_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21692,"name":"Anthropology of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":41123,"name":"Self-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10277936" data-work_id="10277936" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10277936/Hublin_J_J_Neubauer_S_and_P_Gunz_2015_Brain_ontogeny_and_life_history_in_Pleistocene_hominins_Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_B_370_20140062_http_dx_doi_org_10_1098_rstb_2014_0062">Hublin, J.-J., Neubauer, S. and P. Gunz (2015) Brain ontogeny and life history in Pleistocene hominins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 370:20140062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0062</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A high level of encephalization is critical to the human adaptive niche and emerged among hominins over the course of the past 2 Myr. Evolving larger brains required important adaptive adjustments, in particular regarding energy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10277936" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A high level of encephalization is critical to the human adaptive niche and emerged among hominins over the course of the past 2 Myr. Evolving larger brains required important adaptive adjustments, in particular regarding energy allocation and life history. These adaptations included a relatively small brain at birth and a protracted growth of highly dependent offspring within a complex social environment. In turn, the extended period of growth and delayed maturation of the brain structures of humans contribute to their cognitive complexity. The current palaeoanthropological evidence shows that, regarding life history and brain ontogeny, the Pleistocene hominin taxa display different patterns and that one cannot simply contrast an 'ape-model' to a 'human-model'. Large-brained hominins such as Upper Pleistocene Neandertals have evolved along their own evolutionary pathway and can be distinguished from modern humans in terms of growth pattern and brain development. The life-history pattern and brain ontogeny of extant humans emerged only recently in the course of human evolution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10277936" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0ea8474ea4ae9c015dfce67f0ab3f06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36360010,"asset_id":10277936,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36360010/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203708" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203708" type="text/json">{"id":203708,"first_name":"Jean-Jacques","last_name":"Hublin","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"JeanJacquesHublin","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Hublin","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203708/352648/1039737/s65_jean-jacques.hublin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10277936 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10277936"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10277936, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10277936", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10277936]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10277936").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10277936").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10277936"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10277936]'), work: {"id":10277936,"title":"Hublin, J.-J., Neubauer, S. and P. Gunz (2015) Brain ontogeny and life history in Pleistocene hominins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 370:20140062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0062","created_at":"2015-01-22T02:35:00.280-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10277936/Hublin_J_J_Neubauer_S_and_P_Gunz_2015_Brain_ontogeny_and_life_history_in_Pleistocene_hominins_Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_B_370_20140062_http_dx_doi_org_10_1098_rstb_2014_0062?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_10277936","summary":"A high level of encephalization is critical to the human adaptive niche and emerged among hominins over the course of the past 2 Myr. Evolving larger brains required important adaptive adjustments, in particular regarding energy allocation and life history. These adaptations included a relatively small brain at birth and a protracted growth of highly dependent offspring within a complex social environment. In turn, the extended period of growth and delayed maturation of the brain structures of humans contribute to their cognitive complexity. The current palaeoanthropological evidence shows that, regarding life history and brain ontogeny, the Pleistocene hominin taxa display different patterns and that one cannot simply contrast an 'ape-model' to a 'human-model'. Large-brained hominins such as Upper Pleistocene Neandertals have evolved along their own evolutionary pathway and can be distinguished from modern humans in terms of growth pattern and brain development. The life-history pattern and brain ontogeny of extant humans emerged only recently in the course of human evolution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36360010,"asset_id":10277936,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203708,"first_name":"Jean-Jacques","last_name":"Hublin","domain_name":"eva-mpg","page_name":"JeanJacquesHublin","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Hublin","profile_url":"https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203708/352648/1039737/s65_jean-jacques.hublin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":55608,"name":"Ontogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontogeny?f_ri=21070"},{"id":56971,"name":"Brain evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_evolution?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_194295" data-work_id="194295" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/194295/Grandma_Plays_Favourites_X_Chromosome_Relatedness_and_Sex_Specific_Childhood_Mortality">Grandma Plays Favourites: X-Chromosome Relatedness and Sex-Specific Childhood Mortality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/194295" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23c69194bd1878adff225b795c7eb39a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":449169,"asset_id":194295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/449169/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17282" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/MollyFox">Molly Fox</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17282" type="text/json">{"id":17282,"first_name":"Molly","last_name":"Fox","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"MollyFox","display_name":"Molly Fox","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/MollyFox?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17282/3207194/3774611/s65_molly.fox.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_194295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="194295"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 194295, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_194295", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=194295]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_194295").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_194295").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="194295"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61214" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longevity">Longevity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61214" type="text/json">{"id":61214,"name":"Longevity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longevity?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=194295]'), work: {"id":194295,"title":"Grandma Plays Favourites: X-Chromosome Relatedness and Sex-Specific Childhood Mortality","created_at":"2009-10-28T04:10:47.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/194295/Grandma_Plays_Favourites_X_Chromosome_Relatedness_and_Sex_Specific_Childhood_Mortality?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_194295","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":449169,"asset_id":194295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17282,"first_name":"Molly","last_name":"Fox","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"MollyFox","display_name":"Molly Fox","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/MollyFox?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17282/3207194/3774611/s65_molly.fox.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":61214,"name":"Longevity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longevity?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53139606" data-work_id="53139606" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53139606/Consciousness_Expansibility">Consciousness Expansibility</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An overview of conscious vibration is presented. Via modelling a sentient being as a harmonic resonator comprised of two fundamental elements of ‘constitution’ (matter-antimatter) and ‘consciousness expansibility,’ it is envisioned that a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53139606" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An overview of conscious vibration is presented. Via modelling a sentient being as a harmonic resonator comprised of two fundamental elements of ‘constitution’ (matter-antimatter) and ‘consciousness expansibility,’ it is envisioned that a sentient being is harmonically oscillating towards and away from the central SOURCE located at the center of the Cosmos, which in essence, constitutes the body of the Prime Creator. In this respect, the SOURCE acts as a source of support for all sentient beings, providing ALL with an infinite and inexhaustible open loop of consciousness energy. It is proposed that a sentient being is endowed with a sense of ‘consciousness expansibility’ that compels the sentient being to deflect away from the SOURCE in a quest for self-discovery, experimenting with the sojourns of life, seeking spiritual education in order to expand its ‘local’ state of consciousness by having anchored its consciousness to a Zero-Point Field that epitomizes a point on the Neural Network of God. However, such wandering away from the SOURCE must be disciplined as to not culminate in excessive deflection away from the SOURCE, a phenomenon referred to as ‘negative karma,’ and must be counteracted with contraction towards the SOURCE, a concept that is referred to as ‘positive karma,’ in order to ensure connectivity to the SOURCE as to remain within an open energetic loop, being recipient of the Free Energies provided by the SOURCE. Accordingly, a sentient being undergoes sentient vibration in the innerspace in which the extent of positive and negative karma are not necessarily equal. Thus, deflecting away from the SOURCE is safeguarded by the consciousness expansibility of the sentient being, a trait which leads to the storage of the karmic energies within the structure of the soul, to be cleaned and cleansed at a later time during the course of the sentient being’s multiple lives in the future.  Consciousness expansibility, in another words, describes a measure of the characteristic trait of the soul that may be increased via positive karma leading to an upshift of its natural frequency of vibration, giving the soul the propensity for further life experimentation, or alternatively, diminished via negative karma, culminating in a reduction of the natural frequency. In fact, negative karma incites entropy or disorder, while positive karma inspires syntropy and results in Cosmic ORDER. It is also explicated that via increasing one’s consciousness expansibility leading to an upshift of frequency, a sentient being is privy to vibrate within higher dimensions of consciousness with a state of awareness of its life sojourns that is referred to as ‘conscious multidimensionality.’ Thus, one’s extent of multidimensionality increases with consciousness expansibility, and consequently, the natural frequency of vibration. It is also explicated that higher consciousness expansibility accentuates the notion of interconnectedness to all beings, diminishing low-chakra traits as ‘judge-mentality,’ leading to developing a sense of value and worthiness for ALL THINGS, a direct consequence of non-linear thinking.  Finally, a brief discussion of the relation of consciousness expansibility to mind and non-linear thinking and utilization of inherent intuitive intelligence, being effectively attuned or connected to the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator, is given. It is elucidated that our mind is but a small part of the matrix of consciousness of the WHOLE, what is referred to as the ‘Unified Field,’ whose usage is temporarily bestowed upon us. It is, thus, prudent that one engages in positive thinking and constructive and creational endeavors via benevolence and exercising compassion, unconditional love, firmly believing in the doctrine of SERVICE TO OTHERS (as opposed to oneself only), what was referred to as ‘positive karma,’ in order to ensure the longevity and eternal usage of the mind.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53139606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2c61ba51d529add7d3ea18c28b3c9a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70069176,"asset_id":53139606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70069176/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53139606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53139606"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53139606, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53139606", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53139606]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53139606").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53139606").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53139606"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3364" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution">Morphological evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3364" type="text/json">{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3769" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrations">Vibrations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3769" type="text/json">{"id":3769,"name":"Vibrations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrations?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4481" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics">Evolutionary genetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4481" type="text/json">{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53139606]'), work: {"id":53139606,"title":"Consciousness Expansibility","created_at":"2021-09-21T09:36:10.993-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53139606/Consciousness_Expansibility?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_53139606","summary":"An overview of conscious vibration is presented. Via modelling a sentient being as a harmonic resonator comprised of two fundamental elements of ‘constitution’ (matter-antimatter) and ‘consciousness expansibility,’ it is envisioned that a sentient being is harmonically oscillating towards and away from the central SOURCE located at the center of the Cosmos, which in essence, constitutes the body of the Prime Creator. In this respect, the SOURCE acts as a source of support for all sentient beings, providing ALL with an infinite and inexhaustible open loop of consciousness energy. It is proposed that a sentient being is endowed with a sense of ‘consciousness expansibility’ that compels the sentient being to deflect away from the SOURCE in a quest for self-discovery, experimenting with the sojourns of life, seeking spiritual education in order to expand its ‘local’ state of consciousness by having anchored its consciousness to a Zero-Point Field that epitomizes a point on the Neural Network of God. However, such wandering away from the SOURCE must be disciplined as to not culminate in excessive deflection away from the SOURCE, a phenomenon referred to as ‘negative karma,’ and must be counteracted with contraction towards the SOURCE, a concept that is referred to as ‘positive karma,’ in order to ensure connectivity to the SOURCE as to remain within an open energetic loop, being recipient of the Free Energies provided by the SOURCE. Accordingly, a sentient being undergoes sentient vibration in the innerspace in which the extent of positive and negative karma are not necessarily equal. Thus, deflecting away from the SOURCE is safeguarded by the consciousness expansibility of the sentient being, a trait which leads to the storage of the karmic energies within the structure of the soul, to be cleaned and cleansed at a later time during the course of the sentient being’s multiple lives in the future. Consciousness expansibility, in another words, describes a measure of the characteristic trait of the soul that may be increased via positive karma leading to an upshift of its natural frequency of vibration, giving the soul the propensity for further life experimentation, or alternatively, diminished via negative karma, culminating in a reduction of the natural frequency. In fact, negative karma incites entropy or disorder, while positive karma inspires syntropy and results in Cosmic ORDER. It is also explicated that via increasing one’s consciousness expansibility leading to an upshift of frequency, a sentient being is privy to vibrate within higher dimensions of consciousness with a state of awareness of its life sojourns that is referred to as ‘conscious multidimensionality.’ Thus, one’s extent of multidimensionality increases with consciousness expansibility, and consequently, the natural frequency of vibration. It is also explicated that higher consciousness expansibility accentuates the notion of interconnectedness to all beings, diminishing low-chakra traits as ‘judge-mentality,’ leading to developing a sense of value and worthiness for ALL THINGS, a direct consequence of non-linear thinking. Finally, a brief discussion of the relation of consciousness expansibility to mind and non-linear thinking and utilization of inherent intuitive intelligence, being effectively attuned or connected to the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator, is given. It is elucidated that our mind is but a small part of the matrix of consciousness of the WHOLE, what is referred to as the ‘Unified Field,’ whose usage is temporarily bestowed upon us. It is, thus, prudent that one engages in positive thinking and constructive and creational endeavors via benevolence and exercising compassion, unconditional love, firmly believing in the doctrine of SERVICE TO OTHERS (as opposed to oneself only), what was referred to as ‘positive karma,’ in order to ensure the longevity and eternal usage of the mind. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70069176,"asset_id":53139606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3769,"name":"Vibrations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrations?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":23077,"name":"Vibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibration?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":41123,"name":"Self-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":113872,"name":"VIBRATION ANALYSIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/VIBRATION_ANALYSIS?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1019278,"name":"Consciousness and Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_and_Creativity?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50805223" data-work_id="50805223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50805223/Ascension_Maladies_or_Symptoms_Part_III_Other_Symptoms_or_Problems_Summary_and_Conclusions">Ascension 'Maladies' or Symptoms -Part III: Other Symptoms or Problems - Summary and Conclusions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An overview of the Ascension maladies or symptoms arising from clearing-cleansing from genetic karma and evolutional changes, as well as due to periodic upsurges in natural frequency of vibration that include heightened sense of awareness... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50805223" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An overview of the Ascension maladies or symptoms arising from clearing-cleansing from genetic karma and evolutional changes, as well as due to periodic upsurges in natural frequency of vibration that include heightened sense of awareness and apparent conscious vibrational episodes in the higher dimensions of consciousness, were presented in two companion papers. This paper concentrates on additional maladies that include symptoms of low-blood sugar; unprecedented craving for protein; food related issues; intolerance to low-consciousness and irritability with others; changes in habits and life interests; growing isolated from old friends, family members and people in general; desire to be alone; sudden feelings of loneliness; depression; and feeling emotional in an unprecedented way. It is explicated that consciousness expansion is an essential ingredient of the Principle of Syntropy Production rate that institutes ORDER within the Cosmos, ensuring its longevity. Furthermore, the Ascension symptoms and maladies are quite real that although at first appear to be discomforting and require a certain degree of resolve, perseverance, and positive attitude to be tolerated, they do not constitute any physical, mental or psychological disease whatsoever. In contrast, they represent growing pains and certain discomforts as we learn to adjust to our new genetic-consciousness condition. For start, the same maladies never last long. And, also, you are not alone in all this. Clearly, our genetics is changing. Simply, we are evolving, and doing this at an extraordinary rate. Negative energies have been building up for millennia stored WITHIN our souls. These have been cast aside so we could function, only to be dealt with at a later time in life. And, that time is now. It is time to have these genetic imprints purged from our emotional body forever. Thus, these Ascension maladies do not represent misfortunes, but blessings. As a result of clearing and cleansing, now our bodies are going through an eruption of frequential energies that were dormant within us before. As a result, these sensations or feelings are now incomprehensible by our physical bodies, thus feeling pains and discomforts while we clear these energetic blockages. Think of it as a rebooting process, one that at the core level, your body is intimately aware of, and indeed, is craving for. And, the best way to handle them is to go WITHIN and get attuned with your HIGHERSELF and cooperate and ‘go with the flow’ so the appropriate changes that are occurring within our physiognomy and consciousness are smoothly accommodated. Rest assured that you are very much watched over. And, if you feel overwhelmed by the gravity of the changes that are set to occur and cannot adapt to them readily, ask your HIGHERSELF to make things easier on you, diminishing the high intensity energies that are impacting you. Then, sit back and watch the miraculous results that would be transpiring. Remember that the whole endeavor requires a faithful resolute intent, and that doubt is destructive as it severs your ties with your HIGHERSELF, who streams the Light of consciousness and your programs of reality upon you.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50805223" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29f974de327fb4ae423744364988861b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68671199,"asset_id":50805223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68671199/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50805223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50805223"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50805223, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50805223", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50805223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50805223").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50805223").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50805223"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236" type="text/json">{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50805223]'), work: {"id":50805223,"title":"Ascension 'Maladies' or Symptoms -Part III: Other Symptoms or Problems - Summary and Conclusions","created_at":"2021-08-09T09:17:02.183-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50805223/Ascension_Maladies_or_Symptoms_Part_III_Other_Symptoms_or_Problems_Summary_and_Conclusions?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_50805223","summary":"An overview of the Ascension maladies or symptoms arising from clearing-cleansing from genetic karma and evolutional changes, as well as due to periodic upsurges in natural frequency of vibration that include heightened sense of awareness and apparent conscious vibrational episodes in the higher dimensions of consciousness, were presented in two companion papers. This paper concentrates on additional maladies that include symptoms of low-blood sugar; unprecedented craving for protein; food related issues; intolerance to low-consciousness and irritability with others; changes in habits and life interests; growing isolated from old friends, family members and people in general; desire to be alone; sudden feelings of loneliness; depression; and feeling emotional in an unprecedented way. It is explicated that consciousness expansion is an essential ingredient of the Principle of Syntropy Production rate that institutes ORDER within the Cosmos, ensuring its longevity. Furthermore, the Ascension symptoms and maladies are quite real that although at first appear to be discomforting and require a certain degree of resolve, perseverance, and positive attitude to be tolerated, they do not constitute any physical, mental or psychological disease whatsoever. In contrast, they represent growing pains and certain discomforts as we learn to adjust to our new genetic-consciousness condition. For start, the same maladies never last long. And, also, you are not alone in all this.\tClearly, our genetics is changing. Simply, we are evolving, and doing this at an extraordinary rate. Negative energies have been building up for millennia stored WITHIN our souls. These have been cast aside so we could function, only to be dealt with at a later time in life. And, that time is now. It is time to have these genetic imprints purged from our emotional body forever. Thus, these Ascension maladies do not represent misfortunes, but blessings. As a result of clearing and cleansing, now our bodies are going through an eruption of frequential energies that were dormant within us before. As a result, these sensations or feelings are now incomprehensible by our physical bodies, thus feeling pains and discomforts while we clear these energetic blockages. Think of it as a rebooting process, one that at the core level, your body is intimately aware of, and indeed, is craving for. And, the best way to handle them is to go WITHIN and get attuned with your HIGHERSELF and cooperate and ‘go with the flow’ so the appropriate changes that are occurring within our physiognomy and consciousness are smoothly accommodated. Rest assured that you are very much watched over. And, if you feel overwhelmed by the gravity of the changes that are set to occur and cannot adapt to them readily, ask your HIGHERSELF to make things easier on you, diminishing the high intensity energies that are impacting you. Then, sit back and watch the miraculous results that would be transpiring. Remember that the whole endeavor requires a faithful resolute intent, and that doubt is destructive as it severs your ties with your HIGHERSELF, who streams the Light of consciousness and your programs of reality upon you.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68671199,"asset_id":50805223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":25611,"name":"Medically Unexplained Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medically_Unexplained_Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":143233,"name":"Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":423501,"name":"Psychological Symptom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Symptom?f_ri=21070"},{"id":706975,"name":"Depressive Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":778977,"name":"Ascension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascension?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14164011 coauthored" data-work_id="14164011" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14164011/PERSPECTIVE_Potential_responses_to_climate_change_in_organisms_with_complex_life_histories_evolution_and_plasticity_in_Pacific_salmon">PERSPECTIVE: Potential responses to climate change in organisms with complex life histories: evolution and plasticity in Pacific salmon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Salmon life histories are finely tuned to local environmental conditions, which are intimately linked to climate. We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14164011" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Salmon life histories are finely tuned to local environmental conditions, which are intimately linked to climate. We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss the potential evolutionary consequences of these changes, with particular reference to Columbia River Basin spring/summer Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon. We discuss the possible evolutionary responses in migration and spawning date egg and juvenile growth and development rates, thermal tolerance, and disease resistance. We know little about ocean migration pathways, so cannot confidently suggest the potential changes in this life stage. Climate change might produce conflicting selection pressures in different life stages, which will interact with plastic (i.e. nongenetic) changes in various ways. To clarify these interactions, we present a conceptual model of how changing environmental conditions shift phenotypic optima and, through plastic responses, phenotype distributions, affecting the force of selection. Our predictions are tentative because we lack data on the strength of selection, heritability, and ecological and genetic linkages among many of the traits discussed here. Despite the challenges involved in experimental manipulation of species with complex life histories, such research is essential for full appreciation of the biological effects of climate change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14164011" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3744fc8b4a12d52ed5190b6a3aaa9ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44550032,"asset_id":14164011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44550032/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33148817" href="https://oregonstate.academia.edu/PeterLawson">Peter Lawson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33148817" type="text/json">{"id":33148817,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Lawson","domain_name":"oregonstate","page_name":"PeterLawson","display_name":"Peter Lawson","profile_url":"https://oregonstate.academia.edu/PeterLawson?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14164011">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14164011"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewHendry">Andrew Hendry</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14164011'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14164011').html(); 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We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss the potential evolutionary consequences of these changes, with particular reference to Columbia River Basin spring/summer Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon. We discuss the possible evolutionary responses in migration and spawning date egg and juvenile growth and development rates, thermal tolerance, and disease resistance. We know little about ocean migration pathways, so cannot confidently suggest the potential changes in this life stage. Climate change might produce conflicting selection pressures in different life stages, which will interact with plastic (i.e. nongenetic) changes in various ways. To clarify these interactions, we present a conceptual model of how changing environmental conditions shift phenotypic optima and, through plastic responses, phenotype distributions, affecting the force of selection. Our predictions are tentative because we lack data on the strength of selection, heritability, and ecological and genetic linkages among many of the traits discussed here. Despite the challenges involved in experimental manipulation of species with complex life histories, such research is essential for full appreciation of the biological effects of climate change.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44550032,"asset_id":14164011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33148817,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Lawson","domain_name":"oregonstate","page_name":"PeterLawson","display_name":"Peter Lawson","profile_url":"https://oregonstate.academia.edu/PeterLawson?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32975920,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Hendry","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewHendry","display_name":"Andrew Hendry","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewHendry?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=21070"},{"id":105062,"name":"Disease resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_resistance?f_ri=21070"},{"id":112270,"name":"Pacific Northwest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Northwest?f_ri=21070"},{"id":113159,"name":"Growth and development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_and_development?f_ri=21070"},{"id":139358,"name":"Conceptual Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Model?f_ri=21070"},{"id":197626,"name":"Evolutionary game theory and applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_game_theory_and_applications?f_ri=21070"},{"id":199148,"name":"Pacific Salmon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Salmon?f_ri=21070"},{"id":224794,"name":"Genetic linkage analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_linkage_analysis?f_ri=21070"},{"id":291498,"name":"River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin?f_ri=21070"},{"id":387102,"name":"Environmental Conditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Conditions?f_ri=21070"},{"id":575534,"name":"Physical Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Environment?f_ri=21070"},{"id":712179,"name":"Thermal Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Tolerance?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1822192,"name":"Genetic Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Correlation?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19733316" data-work_id="19733316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19733316/A_thousand_and_one_wasps_a_28S_rDNA_and_morphological_phylogeny_of_the_Ichneumonidae_Insecta_Hymenoptera_with_an_investigation_into_alignment_parameter_space_and_elision">A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To cite this Article Quicke, Donald L. J., Laurenne, Nina M., Fitton, Mike G. and Broad, Gavin R.(2009)'A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19733316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To cite this Article Quicke, Donald L. J., Laurenne, Nina M., Fitton, Mike G. and Broad, Gavin R.(2009)'A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision'</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19733316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7cf9c55581032271af6c89bb776d3a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42037841,"asset_id":19733316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42037841/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16083336" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DQuicke">Donald Quicke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16083336" type="text/json">{"id":16083336,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Quicke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DQuicke","display_name":"Donald Quicke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DQuicke?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19733316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19733316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19733316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19733316", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19733316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19733316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19733316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19733316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History">Natural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9588" type="text/json">{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19733316]'), work: {"id":19733316,"title":"A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision","created_at":"2015-12-18T19:35:14.046-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19733316/A_thousand_and_one_wasps_a_28S_rDNA_and_morphological_phylogeny_of_the_Ichneumonidae_Insecta_Hymenoptera_with_an_investigation_into_alignment_parameter_space_and_elision?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_19733316","summary":"To cite this Article Quicke, Donald L. J., Laurenne, Nina M., Fitton, Mike G. and Broad, Gavin R.(2009)'A thousand and one wasps: a 28S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision'","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42037841,"asset_id":19733316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16083336,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Quicke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DQuicke","display_name":"Donald Quicke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DQuicke?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":20099,"name":"Sensitivity Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_Analysis?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40738,"name":"Signal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Analysis?f_ri=21070"},{"id":119742,"name":"Parallel Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parallel_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":121607,"name":"Missing Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Data?f_ri=21070"},{"id":236975,"name":"Morphological Characters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_Characters?f_ri=21070"},{"id":460256,"name":"Natural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural?f_ri=21070"},{"id":521483,"name":"Large Data Sets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Data_Sets?f_ri=21070"},{"id":973347,"name":"Ribosomal DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_DNA?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10262576" data-work_id="10262576" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10262576/A_Regiment_of_Monstrous_Women_Female_Horror_Archetypes_and_Life_History_Theory">A Regiment of Monstrous Women: Female Horror Archetypes and Life History Theory. </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, psychologists have started to extend evolutionary behavioral analysis to art and literature. The question of whether story telling has an adaptive function—such as aiding social information-processing in the manner of the AI... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10262576" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, psychologists have started to extend evolutionary behavioral analysis to art and literature. The question of whether story telling has an adaptive function—such as aiding social information-processing in the manner of the AI frame problem—or is a pleasurable by-product is still debated. Across human cultures through time and space, both sexes share and consume stories. Given that much of the patterns of human mating show antagonistic and competitive elements it is thus unlikely that an adaptive function for story-telling is the answer—or else key tactics, stratagems, and patterns would be handed to the opposition. However, human social adaptations evolved in an adaptively relevant environment of small groups of close kin. In this ancestral environment, story-telling could have had adaptive functionality and the pleasure that we have in them now could be as a by-product of our being keyed to this system. Patterns of human expression are not random or arbitrary, and a biological understanding can illuminate eternal themes and concerns. Viewed in this way, stories were ways to make sense of past experience, integrating them into the biography of an organism that lives in a world of social meaning. In pursuit of furthering study in this area, I present a thematic analysis of specifically female characters in horror and myth. Female characters at puberty, mate selection, motherhood, and menopause show themes and concerns consistent with the critical life history decisions to be made at these stages. These patterns show signs of being both long-lived and cross-cultural. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10262576" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5bcae5cdd2d269e7f186624fe17f6094" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37893902,"asset_id":10262576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37893902/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="530242" href="https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/RobertKing">Robert King</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="530242" type="text/json">{"id":530242,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"King","domain_name":"ucc-ie","page_name":"RobertKing","display_name":"Robert King","profile_url":"https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/RobertKing?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/530242/188366/2361514/s65_robert.king.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10262576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10262576"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10262576, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10262576", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10262576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10262576; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10262576"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10262576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10262576"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10262576; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10262576]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10262576").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10262576").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10262576"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horror_Film">Horror Film</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5549" type="text/json">{"id":5549,"name":"Horror Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horror_Film?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10262576]'), work: {"id":10262576,"title":"A Regiment of Monstrous Women: Female Horror Archetypes and Life History Theory. ","created_at":"2015-01-21T05:50:24.346-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10262576/A_Regiment_of_Monstrous_Women_Female_Horror_Archetypes_and_Life_History_Theory?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_10262576","summary":"Recently, psychologists have started to extend evolutionary behavioral analysis to art and literature. The question of whether story telling has an adaptive function—such as aiding social information-processing in the manner of the AI frame problem—or is a pleasurable by-product is still debated. Across human cultures through time and space, both sexes share and consume stories. Given that much of the patterns of human mating show antagonistic and competitive elements it is thus unlikely that an adaptive function for story-telling is the answer—or else key tactics, stratagems, and patterns would be handed to the opposition. However, human social adaptations evolved in an adaptively relevant environment of small groups of close kin. In this ancestral environment, story-telling could have had adaptive functionality and the pleasure that we have in them now could be as a by-product of our being keyed to this system. Patterns of human expression are not random or arbitrary, and a biological understanding can illuminate eternal themes and concerns. Viewed in this way, stories were ways to make sense of past experience, integrating them into the biography of an organism that lives in a world of social meaning. In pursuit of furthering study in this area, I present a thematic analysis of specifically female characters in horror and myth. Female characters at puberty, mate selection, motherhood, and menopause show themes and concerns consistent with the critical life history decisions to be made at these stages. These patterns show signs of being both long-lived and cross-cultural. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37893902,"asset_id":10262576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":530242,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"King","domain_name":"ucc-ie","page_name":"RobertKing","display_name":"Robert King","profile_url":"https://ucc-ie.academia.edu/RobertKing?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/530242/188366/2361514/s65_robert.king.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":5549,"name":"Horror Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horror_Film?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54914421" data-work_id="54914421" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54914421/_Resurrecting_Ones_Inner_Masculinity_A_New_Form_of_Gender_Confusion_Splitting">"Resurrecting One's Inner Masculinity:" A New Form of Gender Confusion-Splitting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following short essay was inspired by the observation of the present developing consciousness field of humanity in which it appears that some women literally strive to proverbially “wear the pants” that may lead to emulating what has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54914421" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following short essay was inspired by the observation of the present developing consciousness field of humanity in which it appears that some women literally strive to proverbially “wear the pants” that may lead to emulating what has been quite hideous and shameful in the human history that involves narcissistic aggressive strive associated with the negative aliens’ ‘patriarchal domination,’ and quite contrary to their Divine Feminine role as a magnetic, loving, bonding agent that for long had kept the human family society, and in particular, human male-female and their inter-relationship together. It appears that with the outpour of a colossal amount of high frequency Divine Masculine plasmic energies upon the female population, it has led to a New Age of Spirituality on the Earth, in which the female gender has taken the standpoint of choosing unprecedented defensive and competitive strives with respect to their male partners and male population at large, leading to what only triggers conflicts between the two opposing genders, instead of such females choosing the loving approach that is the underlying nature of the divine magnetic design as a contrasting form of energetics and consciousness embodiment to the male gender. It is, therefore, proposed herein, that the female gender should elect the approach of being more agreeable, cooperative, and loving, fulfilling their motherly magnetic role of being the epitome of Divine Feminine, instead of emulating the stale role of Male Aggressor-Dominator Archetype that has been plaguing the human society for countless millennia. And, while it is well understood that females may inherently carry a grudge for being long subjected to the atrocious treatment of misogyny by the male population, it is now time to look into a new horizon that promises revering the right of sovereignty of female (as well male) human population, whose underlying foundation is based upon unconditional love, compassion, empathy, and strive to commit to SERVICE TO OTHERS, and in particular, to the females as one’s ‘genetic equal,’ that will be a step forward towards achieving Interconnectedness and Unity Consciousness that are, indeed, strongly encouraged, and now even mandated, by observing the provisions of the Law of One.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54914421" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="669e6ab9f05fdc6eaac76cbe02c8bce1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71042652,"asset_id":54914421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71042652/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54914421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54914421"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54914421, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54914421", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54914421]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54914421").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54914421").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54914421"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation">Program Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="202" type="text/json">{"id":202,"name":"Program Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54914421]'), work: {"id":54914421,"title":"\"Resurrecting One's Inner Masculinity:\" A New Form of Gender Confusion-Splitting","created_at":"2021-10-02T14:24:48.577-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54914421/_Resurrecting_Ones_Inner_Masculinity_A_New_Form_of_Gender_Confusion_Splitting?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_54914421","summary":"The following short essay was inspired by the observation of the present developing consciousness field of humanity in which it appears that some women literally strive to proverbially “wear the pants” that may lead to emulating what has been quite hideous and shameful in the human history that involves narcissistic aggressive strive associated with the negative aliens’ ‘patriarchal domination,’ and quite contrary to their Divine Feminine role as a magnetic, loving, bonding agent that for long had kept the human family society, and in particular, human male-female and their inter-relationship together. It appears that with the outpour of a colossal amount of high frequency Divine Masculine plasmic energies upon the female population, it has led to a New Age of Spirituality on the Earth, in which the female gender has taken the standpoint of choosing unprecedented defensive and competitive strives with respect to their male partners and male population at large, leading to what only triggers conflicts between the two opposing genders, instead of such females choosing the loving approach that is the underlying nature of the divine magnetic design as a contrasting form of energetics and consciousness embodiment to the male gender. It is, therefore, proposed herein, that the female gender should elect the approach of being more agreeable, cooperative, and loving, fulfilling their motherly magnetic role of being the epitome of Divine Feminine, instead of emulating the stale role of Male Aggressor-Dominator Archetype that has been plaguing the human society for countless millennia. And, while it is well understood that females may inherently carry a grudge for being long subjected to the atrocious treatment of misogyny by the male population, it is now time to look into a new horizon that promises revering the right of sovereignty of female (as well male) human population, whose underlying foundation is based upon unconditional love, compassion, empathy, and strive to commit to SERVICE TO OTHERS, and in particular, to the females as one’s ‘genetic equal,’ that will be a step forward towards achieving Interconnectedness and Unity Consciousness that are, indeed, strongly encouraged, and now even mandated, by observing the provisions of the Law of One. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71042652,"asset_id":54914421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":202,"name":"Program Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":12282,"name":"Historical Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":33713,"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_and_Human_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":41123,"name":"Self-Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":90905,"name":"Phenomenal Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenal_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":111330,"name":"Philosophy of Mind (the hard problem of consciousness)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_the_hard_problem_of_consciousness_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":119285,"name":"Philosophy of Embodied Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Embodied_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":959944,"name":"Quantum Physics and Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics_and_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1019278,"name":"Consciousness and Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_and_Creativity?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2764371" data-work_id="2764371" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2764371/Was_heisst_Leben_2013">Was heisst "Leben"? 2013</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this talk I start a project. I distinguish five philosophically relevant meanings of "life". Philosophers and scientists have claimed that one of these meanings is in a certain way more fundamental than the other meanings. I start by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2764371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this talk I start a project. I distinguish five philosophically relevant meanings of "life". Philosophers and scientists have claimed that one of these meanings is in a certain way more fundamental than the other meanings. I start by criticizing two of these accounts. In my view, the basic meaning is the organism or the living being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2764371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b33b99d43411ededa3858f771106f776" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30732492,"asset_id":2764371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30732492/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1672841" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/MarkusWild">Markus Wild</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1672841" type="text/json">{"id":1672841,"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Wild","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"MarkusWild","display_name":"Markus Wild","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/MarkusWild?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1672841/579692/16779993/s65_markus.wild.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2764371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2764371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2764371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2764371", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2764371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2764371; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2764371"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2764371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2764371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2764371; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2764371]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2764371").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2764371").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2764371"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology">Philosophy of Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="823" type="text/json">{"id":823,"name":"Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8014" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences">Life Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8014" type="text/json">{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography">Biography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8265" type="text/json">{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8437" type="text/json">{"id":8437,"name":"Martin Heidegger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2764371]'), work: {"id":2764371,"title":"Was heisst \"Leben\"? 2013","created_at":"2013-02-28T16:09:40.356-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2764371/Was_heisst_Leben_2013?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_2764371","summary":"In this talk I start a project. I distinguish five philosophically relevant meanings of \"life\". Philosophers and scientists have claimed that one of these meanings is in a certain way more fundamental than the other meanings. I start by criticizing two of these accounts. In my view, the basic meaning is the organism or the living being.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30732492,"asset_id":2764371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1672841,"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Wild","domain_name":"unibas","page_name":"MarkusWild","display_name":"Markus Wild","profile_url":"https://unibas.academia.edu/MarkusWild?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1672841/579692/16779993/s65_markus.wild.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":823,"name":"Philosophy of Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":8437,"name":"Martin Heidegger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":13791,"name":"Michel Henry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Henry?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27547455 coauthored" data-work_id="27547455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27547455/A_review_of_human_male_field_studies_of_hormones_and_behavioral_reproductive_effort">A review of human male field studies of hormones and behavioral reproductive effort</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this paper is to review field studies of human male hormones and reproductive behavior. We first discuss life history theory and related conceptual considerations. As illustrations, distinctive features of human male life... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27547455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this paper is to review field studies of human male hormones and reproductive behavior. We first discuss life history theory and related conceptual considerations. As illustrations, distinctive features of human male life histories such as coalitional aggression, long-term partnering and paternal care are noted, along with their relevance to overall reproductive effort and developmental plasticity. We address broad questions about what constitutes a human male field study of hormones and behavior, including the kinds of hormone and be-havioral measures employed in existing studies. Turning to several sections of empirical review, we present and discuss evidence for links between prenatal and juvenile androgens and sexual attraction and aggression. This includes the proposal that adrenal androgens—DHEA and androstenedione—may play functional roles during juvenility as part of a life-stage specific system. We next review studies of adult male testosterone responses to competition, with these studies emphasizing men's involvement in individual and team sports. These studies show that men's testosterone responses differ with respect to variables such as playing home/away, winning/los-ing, and motivation. Field studies of human male hormones and sexual behavior also focus on testosterone, showing some evidence of patterned changes in men's testosterone to sexual activity. Moreover, life stage-specific changes in male androgens may structure age-related differences in sexual behavior, including decreases in sexual behavior with senescence. We overview the considerable body of research on male testosterone, partnerships and paternal care, noting the variation in social context and refinements in research design. A few field studies provide insight into relationships between partnering and paternal behavior and prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. In the third section of the review, we discuss patterns, limitations and directions for future research. This includes discussion of conceptual and methodological issues future research might consider as well as opportunities for contributions in under-researched male life stages (juvenility, senescence) and hormones (e.g., vasopressin).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27547455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3c3d5716e22db6dbb54b3ab87ab3a8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47800580,"asset_id":27547455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47800580/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="258969" href="https://calpoly.academia.edu/TimothyMcHale">Timothy McHale</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="258969" type="text/json">{"id":258969,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"McHale","domain_name":"calpoly","page_name":"TimothyMcHale","display_name":"Timothy McHale","profile_url":"https://calpoly.academia.edu/TimothyMcHale?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/258969/9862246/29396823/s65_timothy.mchale.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27547455">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27547455"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray">Peter Gray</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27547455'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27547455').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27547455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27547455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27547455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27547455", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27547455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27547455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27547455"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27547455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27547455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27547455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27547455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27547455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27547455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27547455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology">Biological Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="768" type="text/json">{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27547455]'), work: {"id":27547455,"title":"A review of human male field studies of hormones and behavioral reproductive effort","created_at":"2016-08-04T17:19:50.513-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27547455/A_review_of_human_male_field_studies_of_hormones_and_behavioral_reproductive_effort?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_27547455","summary":"The purpose of this paper is to review field studies of human male hormones and reproductive behavior. We first discuss life history theory and related conceptual considerations. As illustrations, distinctive features of human male life histories such as coalitional aggression, long-term partnering and paternal care are noted, along with their relevance to overall reproductive effort and developmental plasticity. We address broad questions about what constitutes a human male field study of hormones and behavior, including the kinds of hormone and be-havioral measures employed in existing studies. Turning to several sections of empirical review, we present and discuss evidence for links between prenatal and juvenile androgens and sexual attraction and aggression. This includes the proposal that adrenal androgens—DHEA and androstenedione—may play functional roles during juvenility as part of a life-stage specific system. We next review studies of adult male testosterone responses to competition, with these studies emphasizing men's involvement in individual and team sports. These studies show that men's testosterone responses differ with respect to variables such as playing home/away, winning/los-ing, and motivation. Field studies of human male hormones and sexual behavior also focus on testosterone, showing some evidence of patterned changes in men's testosterone to sexual activity. Moreover, life stage-specific changes in male androgens may structure age-related differences in sexual behavior, including decreases in sexual behavior with senescence. We overview the considerable body of research on male testosterone, partnerships and paternal care, noting the variation in social context and refinements in research design. A few field studies provide insight into relationships between partnering and paternal behavior and prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. In the third section of the review, we discuss patterns, limitations and directions for future research. This includes discussion of conceptual and methodological issues future research might consider as well as opportunities for contributions in under-researched male life stages (juvenility, senescence) and hormones (e.g., vasopressin).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47800580,"asset_id":27547455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":258969,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"McHale","domain_name":"calpoly","page_name":"TimothyMcHale","display_name":"Timothy McHale","profile_url":"https://calpoly.academia.edu/TimothyMcHale?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/258969/9862246/29396823/s65_timothy.mchale.jpg"},{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":768,"name":"Biological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":401096,"name":"Hormones and Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones_and_Behaviour?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67845986" data-work_id="67845986" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67845986/Interpopulational_variation_in_human_brain_size_implications_for_hominin_cognitive_phylogeny">Interpopulational variation in human brain size: implications for hominin cognitive phylogeny</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Throughout the hominin lineage brain size is believed to have increased threefold-increase which, it is argued by some researchers, results in the enhanced brain power that distinguishes humans from any other living being. However, as we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67845986" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Throughout the hominin lineage brain size is believed to have increased threefold-increase which, it is argued by some researchers, results in the enhanced brain power that distinguishes humans from any other living being. However, as we demonstrate in this article this supposed increase is the result of comparing the species mean of contemporary humans with other great apes and fossil hominins. This method obscures both interpopulational variation among modern humans, and the fact that the putative increases in the mean are the result of an increase in the upper limit in some populations, which has the result of obscuring the relative stasis in the lower limit over the last 600k years. For example, populations such as Aboriginal Australians have a range that is more different from Danes than it is from that of Asian H. erectus over the last 600ka. Yet Aboriginal Australians, whose unique anatomy seems to be related to the climatic conditions of Australia, possess all of the socio-cognitive traits characteristic of all other modern-day populations-yet they seemed not to have undergone increase in brain size to the degree that many other populations have. In this instance brain size seems to be unrelated to cognition. In this article we present a statistical analysis of interpopulational variation in contemporary humans and why such an analysis is crucial for our understanding of hominin cognitive, social and technological evolution. We also suggest how such variation may add to our understanding of hominin ontogeny or life history. Additionally, we develop a model based on humanity's unique form of embodied social cognition that results from our upright bipedal posture and hand morphology. This model is then used to explain the results of our statistical analysis and the possible factors underpinning the human emergence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67845986" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5b501c34dc6a9b9047024c897f086cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78534087,"asset_id":67845986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78534087/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7666559" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/GaryClark">Gary Clark</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7666559" type="text/json">{"id":7666559,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Clark","domain_name":"adelaide","page_name":"GaryClark","display_name":"Gary Clark","profile_url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/GaryClark?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7666559/3331941/40145258/s65_gary.clark.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67845986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67845986"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67845986, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67845986", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67845986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67845986; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67845986"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67845986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67845986"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67845986; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67845986]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67845986").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67845986").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67845986"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15331" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_archaeology">Cognitive archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15331" type="text/json">{"id":15331,"name":"Cognitive archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_archaeology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67845986]'), work: {"id":67845986,"title":"Interpopulational variation in human brain size: implications for hominin cognitive phylogeny","created_at":"2022-01-11T22:32:53.591-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67845986/Interpopulational_variation_in_human_brain_size_implications_for_hominin_cognitive_phylogeny?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_67845986","summary":"Throughout the hominin lineage brain size is believed to have increased threefold-increase which, it is argued by some researchers, results in the enhanced brain power that distinguishes humans from any other living being. However, as we demonstrate in this article this supposed increase is the result of comparing the species mean of contemporary humans with other great apes and fossil hominins. This method obscures both interpopulational variation among modern humans, and the fact that the putative increases in the mean are the result of an increase in the upper limit in some populations, which has the result of obscuring the relative stasis in the lower limit over the last 600k years. For example, populations such as Aboriginal Australians have a range that is more different from Danes than it is from that of Asian H. erectus over the last 600ka. Yet Aboriginal Australians, whose unique anatomy seems to be related to the climatic conditions of Australia, possess all of the socio-cognitive traits characteristic of all other modern-day populations-yet they seemed not to have undergone increase in brain size to the degree that many other populations have. In this instance brain size seems to be unrelated to cognition. In this article we present a statistical analysis of interpopulational variation in contemporary humans and why such an analysis is crucial for our understanding of hominin cognitive, social and technological evolution. We also suggest how such variation may add to our understanding of hominin ontogeny or life history. Additionally, we develop a model based on humanity's unique form of embodied social cognition that results from our upright bipedal posture and hand morphology. This model is then used to explain the results of our statistical analysis and the possible factors underpinning the human emergence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78534087,"asset_id":67845986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7666559,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Clark","domain_name":"adelaide","page_name":"GaryClark","display_name":"Gary Clark","profile_url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/GaryClark?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7666559/3331941/40145258/s65_gary.clark.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":15331,"name":"Cognitive archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_archaeology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":236665,"name":"Asian Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Paleoanthropology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":957506,"name":"Evolution of Hominin and Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Hominin_and_Human_Behaviour?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39258174 coauthored" data-work_id="39258174" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39258174/Human_reproductive_behavior_life_history_and_the_Challenge_Hypothesis_A_30_year_review_retrospective_and_future_directions">Human reproductive behavior, life history, and the Challenge Hypothesis: A 30-year review, retrospective and future directions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Challenge Hypothesis (Wingfield et al., 1990) originally focused on adult male avian testosterone elevated in response to same-sex competition in reproductive contexts. The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate how the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39258174" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Challenge Hypothesis (Wingfield et al., 1990) originally focused on adult male avian testosterone elevated in response to same-sex competition in reproductive contexts. The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate how the Challenge Hypothesis has shaped ideas about human life histories. We conduct a citation analysis, drawing upon 400 Google Scholar citations in the human literature to identify patterns in this body of scholarship. We cover key factors, such as context and personality traits, that help explain variable testosterone responses such as winning/losing to adult competitive behavior. Findings from studies on courtship and sexual behavior indicate some variation in testosterone responses depending on factors such as motivation. A large body of research indicates that male testosterone levels are often lower in contexts of long-term committed partnerships and nurturant fathering and aligned with variation in male mating and parenting effort. As the Challenge Hypothesis is extended across the life course, DHEA and androstenedione (rather than testosterone) appear more responsive to juvenile male competitive behavior, and during reproductive senescence, baseline male testosterone levels decrease just as male life history allocations show decreased mating effort. We discuss how research on testosterone administration, particularly in older men, provides causal insight into effects of testosterone in humans, and how this "natural experiment" can be viewed in light of the Challenge Hypothesis. We synthesize central concepts and findings, such as an expanded array of costs of testosterone that inform life history tradeoffs between maintenance and reproductive effort, and we conclude with directions for future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39258174" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00b6c56f9c15e8c6c7fa92ed55972887" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59391408,"asset_id":39258174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59391408/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27719" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray">Peter Gray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27719" type="text/json">{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39258174">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39258174"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://calpoly.academia.edu/TimothyMcHale">Timothy McHale</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39258174'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39258174').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39258174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39258174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39258174; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39258174]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39258174").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39258174").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39258174"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16475" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition">Competition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16475" type="text/json">{"id":16475,"name":"Competition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39258174]'), work: {"id":39258174,"title":"Human reproductive behavior, life history, and the Challenge Hypothesis: A 30-year review, retrospective and future directions","created_at":"2019-05-25T08:38:36.800-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39258174/Human_reproductive_behavior_life_history_and_the_Challenge_Hypothesis_A_30_year_review_retrospective_and_future_directions?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_39258174","summary":"The Challenge Hypothesis (Wingfield et al., 1990) originally focused on adult male avian testosterone elevated in response to same-sex competition in reproductive contexts. The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate how the Challenge Hypothesis has shaped ideas about human life histories. We conduct a citation analysis, drawing upon 400 Google Scholar citations in the human literature to identify patterns in this body of scholarship. We cover key factors, such as context and personality traits, that help explain variable testosterone responses such as winning/losing to adult competitive behavior. Findings from studies on courtship and sexual behavior indicate some variation in testosterone responses depending on factors such as motivation. A large body of research indicates that male testosterone levels are often lower in contexts of long-term committed partnerships and nurturant fathering and aligned with variation in male mating and parenting effort. As the Challenge Hypothesis is extended across the life course, DHEA and androstenedione (rather than testosterone) appear more responsive to juvenile male competitive behavior, and during reproductive senescence, baseline male testosterone levels decrease just as male life history allocations show decreased mating effort. We discuss how research on testosterone administration, particularly in older men, provides causal insight into effects of testosterone in humans, and how this \"natural experiment\" can be viewed in light of the Challenge Hypothesis. We synthesize central concepts and findings, such as an expanded array of costs of testosterone that inform life history tradeoffs between maintenance and reproductive effort, and we conclude with directions for future research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59391408,"asset_id":39258174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"},{"id":258969,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"McHale","domain_name":"calpoly","page_name":"TimothyMcHale","display_name":"Timothy McHale","profile_url":"https://calpoly.academia.edu/TimothyMcHale?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/258969/9862246/29396823/s65_timothy.mchale.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":16475,"name":"Competition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":33714,"name":"Behavioral Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Endocrinology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":36791,"name":"Fatherhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatherhood?f_ri=21070"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=21070"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=21070"},{"id":115898,"name":"Androgens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Androgens?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50353607" data-work_id="50353607" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50353607/Ascension_Maladies_or_Symptoms_Part_II_Difficulties_Associated_with_Heightened_Sense_of_Awareness_Arising_from_Periodic_Upshifts_in_Natural_Frequency_and_Intermittent_Vibrations_within_Higher_Dimensions_of_Consciousness">Ascension 'Maladies' or Symptoms -Part II: Difficulties Associated with Heightened Sense of Awareness Arising from Periodic Upshifts in Natural Frequency and Intermittent Vibrations within Higher Dimensions of Consciousness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An overview of the Ascension maladies or symptoms arising from periodic upsurges in natural frequency of vibration that include heightened sense of awareness as well as apparent conscious vibrational episodes in the higher dimensions of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50353607" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An overview of the Ascension maladies or symptoms arising from periodic upsurges in natural frequency of vibration that include heightened sense of awareness as well as apparent conscious vibrational episodes in the higher dimensions of consciousness has been explicated. Indeed, this paper concentrates on this broad range of Ascension maladies with other symptoms having been deferred to be discussed in two other companion papers. It is explicated herein that, broadly speaking, these maladies being associated with the aforementioned causes may be classified as awakening at night between 2-4 a.m. (the 3 O' clock syndrome), constant sensations of humming, statics, and ringing in the ears, constant awareness of heart beating or palpitations, changes in vision, episodic periods of feeling either too hot or too cold, loss of self-identity, feelings of not belonging here, disorientation, dizziness or even vertigo, out of body sensations, and instantaneous laps of memory.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50353607" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2b59fd626c2cd83910e21c6895089e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68373577,"asset_id":50353607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68373577/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50353607 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50353607"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50353607, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50353607", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50353607]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50353607").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50353607").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50353607"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50353607]'), work: {"id":50353607,"title":"Ascension 'Maladies' or Symptoms -Part II: Difficulties Associated with Heightened Sense of Awareness Arising from Periodic Upshifts in Natural Frequency and Intermittent Vibrations within Higher Dimensions of Consciousness","created_at":"2021-07-29T05:35:40.260-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50353607/Ascension_Maladies_or_Symptoms_Part_II_Difficulties_Associated_with_Heightened_Sense_of_Awareness_Arising_from_Periodic_Upshifts_in_Natural_Frequency_and_Intermittent_Vibrations_within_Higher_Dimensions_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_50353607","summary":"An overview of the Ascension maladies or symptoms arising from periodic upsurges in natural frequency of vibration that include heightened sense of awareness as well as apparent conscious vibrational episodes in the higher dimensions of consciousness has been explicated. Indeed, this paper concentrates on this broad range of Ascension maladies with other symptoms having been deferred to be discussed in two other companion papers. It is explicated herein that, broadly speaking, these maladies being associated with the aforementioned causes may be classified as awakening at night between 2-4 a.m. (the 3 O' clock syndrome), constant sensations of humming, statics, and ringing in the ears, constant awareness of heart beating or palpitations, changes in vision, episodic periods of feeling either too hot or too cold, loss of self-identity, feelings of not belonging here, disorientation, dizziness or even vertigo, out of body sensations, and instantaneous laps of memory.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68373577,"asset_id":50353607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4481,"name":"Evolutionary genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_genetics?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":28377,"name":"Stress (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_Psychology_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":38943,"name":"Evolución","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evoluci%C3%B3n?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":143233,"name":"Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symptoms?f_ri=21070"},{"id":706975,"name":"Depressive Symptoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Symptoms?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50955118" data-work_id="50955118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50955118/Alleviating_the_Ascension_Maladies_through_Understanding_and_Living_from_the_Heart_Part_II_Literature_Review">Alleviating the Ascension Maladies through Understanding and Living from the Heart -Part II: Literature Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A review of the pertinent scientific research on the effect of emotion as well as such emotional maladies as stress, anxiety, depression, tension, fatigue, and pain has been conducted and reported, herein. All these studies confirm that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50955118" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A review of the pertinent scientific research on the effect of emotion as well as such emotional maladies as stress, anxiety, depression, tension, fatigue, and pain has been conducted and reported, herein. All these studies confirm that all these maladies are, indeed, may be attributed to the inadequacy or the non-optimal performance of the heart. Therefore, such terminologies as the heart being, indeed, the “emotional center,” or the “center for intuitive intelligence,” or such expressions as “heart-based or heart-focused emotions or maladies” can no longer be considered as cliché, as there is, indeed, scientific proof that the heart is the commander in chief of our autonomic nervous system, directly interacting with the brain through its afferent (ascending) signals that culminate in counseling the brain and directing its decision-making operation. However, due to the endowment of the power of Free Will on us as sentient beings, whose jurisdiction resides with the proper functionality of the brain, unfortunately, such afferent signaling from the heart communicated mainly by the hypothalamus (as well as the amygdala and other subcortical parts of the brain), are not always followed to the tee, often culminating in either total vetoing, or certain disregarding by the brain. And, such dogma of utter ignorance is often triggered or accentuated by the fact that the subcortical parts of the brain (e.g. hypothalamus) often follow an established template, resorting on past experiences, as to conduct its decision-making process. This is often exacerbated by the fact that humanity, in general, suffers from a bad case of amnesia not remembering its true divine identity, having practically severed its connection to the intuitive intelligence of the heart. In this regard, it has forsaken its alliance to its HIGHERSELF, effectively being deprived from the acumen of the Unified Field of the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator. As a result, the brain routinely makes ‘erroneous’ decisions, disregarding the counsel of the heart. With the state of emotional as well as physical well-being so much being dependent on the heart, the review of the scientific research on heart confirms that, indeed, the performance of the heart may be evaluated by such physiological indicators as the heart rate and the blood pressure. In particular, the research results indicate that it is the extent of heart rate variability that is of particular interest in assessing the emotional and physiological states that determine anxiety, stress, pain, and such maladies (that are particularly experienced during this era of pre-ascension). And, heart variability rate refers to the way the interval between consecutive heart beats either progressively increases (deceleration) or decreases (acceleration). It is the extent of heart rate variability that determines vitality. For example, the research results show that heart rate variability decreases with age or illness or any emotional-physical malady such as stress, anxiety, depression, tension, fatigue, and pain. It is however, possible to increase heart rate variability through self-regulation that leads to coherence or resonance among the heart, the brain, the autonomic nervous system, and all such vital bodily functions as respiration, blood circulation (or cardiovascular function), etc. Generally, effective breathing as may be described by 6 complete breathing cycles (inhalation-exhalation) per minute is found to culminate in coherence and better overall performance. This is equivalent to a frequency of 0.1 Hz or a 10 second interval between successive breathing (5 second for inhalation and 5 second for exhalation). Such a technique is particularly useful via direct intervention during the moments of panic, anxiety, and unforeseen stress or fatigue. The research results also indicate that not only coherence through instigating proper heart rate variability culminates in good health and well-being, it also adds to cognitive capability and memory retention, as well as reducing ageing. This is why the practice of yoga and such, when exercised through the aforementioned method of proper breathing, is highly beneficial to health, and assures relaxation and overall calmness. In fact, the results of many research experiments indicate that, generally, meditation as well as prayer can achieve the same results. Furthermore, the research results point to the fact that not all practices of prayer lead to better performance of the heart and overall well-being. Indeed, these scientific results indicate that prayer must be accompanied by benevolent intent and positive thinking, with the exercise of the emotion that is based upon the doctrine of the “good for the ALL.” Thus, praying for money, riches, personal success or selfish indulgences are quite ineffective. And, this is something that has been proven scientifically through controlled experimentation. Ultimately, what ensures good heart rate variability, coherence among physiological systems of the body, and general well-being, is the continuous practice of positive thinking and positive and benevolent emotional traits. This is the way, we are pre-designed, yet many believe that they can force their Will through aggressiveness or assertiveness. The brain, when run by ego, operates based upon adhering to the old beliefs that stem from a stale system (or matrix) of reality. And, what is more, people often endure to operate with the same status quo that entails anger, belligerence, stress, discomfort, and such. In other words, they just learn to ‘live’ with these emotions, believing there is nothing else in the horizon, and what they have been experiencing and getting accustomed to is the “norm.”  It is, therefore, prudent that one should embark on a new plan of action that include resorting to positive thinking-emotion, guided by the intuitive intelligence of the heart to set a new precedence, baseline, or template by which the hypothalamus and the other subcortical parts of the brain can properly advise the brain to carry out its decision-making process.  And, the result of the reviewed scientific research precisely advocate such a strategy. A detailed review of the role of emotion in brain activity is conducted and reported, herein. It is seen that the subcortical structures are involved in the processing of the emotional information that is guided by the afferent (ascending) signals from the brain. And, as such, there is a definite association between the pattern of the heart’s rhythm and emotions. Moreover, the different emotions reflected in the patterns of the heart’s rhythms are independent of the extent of the heart rate or heart rate variability. Coherence is a phenomenon that is assessed through observing the heart’s rhythms, which is commonly measured through a noninvasive earlobe sensor or a finger pulse indicator. It is experienced that cardiac coherence is reflected in a more ordered pattern of a sine-wave-like heart rhythm. It is seen that violence and aggression lowers cardiac coherence levels, while positive emotions, on the other hand, can shift psychophysiological systems into a more centrally coherent and harmonious order that is key to improved performance and overall well-being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50955118" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af2fa3f9f2bc6f8a5e8c184a8eb44416" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68832600,"asset_id":50955118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68832600/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50955118 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50955118"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50955118, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50955118", }); 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All these studies confirm that all these maladies are, indeed, may be attributed to the inadequacy or the non-optimal performance of the heart. Therefore, such terminologies as the heart being, indeed, the “emotional center,” or the “center for intuitive intelligence,” or such expressions as “heart-based or heart-focused emotions or maladies” can no longer be considered as cliché, as there is, indeed, scientific proof that the heart is the commander in chief of our autonomic nervous system, directly interacting with the brain through its afferent (ascending) signals that culminate in counseling the brain and directing its decision-making operation. However, due to the endowment of the power of Free Will on us as sentient beings, whose jurisdiction resides with the proper functionality of the brain, unfortunately, such afferent signaling from the heart communicated mainly by the hypothalamus (as well as the amygdala and other subcortical parts of the brain), are not always followed to the tee, often culminating in either total vetoing, or certain disregarding by the brain. And, such dogma of utter ignorance is often triggered or accentuated by the fact that the subcortical parts of the brain (e.g. hypothalamus) often follow an established template, resorting on past experiences, as to conduct its decision-making process. This is often exacerbated by the fact that humanity, in general, suffers from a bad case of amnesia not remembering its true divine identity, having practically severed its connection to the intuitive intelligence of the heart. In this regard, it has forsaken its alliance to its HIGHERSELF, effectively being deprived from the acumen of the Unified Field of the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator. As a result, the brain routinely makes ‘erroneous’ decisions, disregarding the counsel of the heart. With the state of emotional as well as physical well-being so much being dependent on the heart, the review of the scientific research on heart confirms that, indeed, the performance of the heart may be evaluated by such physiological indicators as the heart rate and the blood pressure. In particular, the research results indicate that it is the extent of heart rate variability that is of particular interest in assessing the emotional and physiological states that determine anxiety, stress, pain, and such maladies (that are particularly experienced during this era of pre-ascension). And, heart variability rate refers to the way the interval between consecutive heart beats either progressively increases (deceleration) or decreases (acceleration). It is the extent of heart rate variability that determines vitality. For example, the research results show that heart rate variability decreases with age or illness or any emotional-physical malady such as stress, anxiety, depression, tension, fatigue, and pain. It is however, possible to increase heart rate variability through self-regulation that leads to coherence or resonance among the heart, the brain, the autonomic nervous system, and all such vital bodily functions as respiration, blood circulation (or cardiovascular function), etc. Generally, effective breathing as may be described by 6 complete breathing cycles (inhalation-exhalation) per minute is found to culminate in coherence and better overall performance. This is equivalent to a frequency of 0.1 Hz or a 10 second interval between successive breathing (5 second for inhalation and 5 second for exhalation). Such a technique is particularly useful via direct intervention during the moments of panic, anxiety, and unforeseen stress or fatigue. The research results also indicate that not only coherence through instigating proper heart rate variability culminates in good health and well-being, it also adds to cognitive capability and memory retention, as well as reducing ageing. This is why the practice of yoga and such, when exercised through the aforementioned method of proper breathing, is highly beneficial to health, and assures relaxation and overall calmness. In fact, the results of many research experiments indicate that, generally, meditation as well as prayer can achieve the same results. Furthermore, the research results point to the fact that not all practices of prayer lead to better performance of the heart and overall well-being. Indeed, these scientific results indicate that prayer must be accompanied by benevolent intent and positive thinking, with the exercise of the emotion that is based upon the doctrine of the “good for the ALL.” Thus, praying for money, riches, personal success or selfish indulgences are quite ineffective. And, this is something that has been proven scientifically through controlled experimentation. Ultimately, what ensures good heart rate variability, coherence among physiological systems of the body, and general well-being, is the continuous practice of positive thinking and positive and benevolent emotional traits. This is the way, we are pre-designed, yet many believe that they can force their Will through aggressiveness or assertiveness. The brain, when run by ego, operates based upon adhering to the old beliefs that stem from a stale system (or matrix) of reality. And, what is more, people often endure to operate with the same status quo that entails anger, belligerence, stress, discomfort, and such. In other words, they just learn to ‘live’ with these emotions, believing there is nothing else in the horizon, and what they have been experiencing and getting accustomed to is the “norm.” It is, therefore, prudent that one should embark on a new plan of action that include resorting to positive thinking-emotion, guided by the intuitive intelligence of the heart to set a new precedence, baseline, or template by which the hypothalamus and the other subcortical parts of the brain can properly advise the brain to carry out its decision-making process. And, the result of the reviewed scientific research precisely advocate such a strategy. A detailed review of the role of emotion in brain activity is conducted and reported, herein. It is seen that the subcortical structures are involved in the processing of the emotional information that is guided by the afferent (ascending) signals from the brain. And, as such, there is a definite association between the pattern of the heart’s rhythm and emotions. Moreover, the different emotions reflected in the patterns of the heart’s rhythms are independent of the extent of the heart rate or heart rate variability. Coherence is a phenomenon that is assessed through observing the heart’s rhythms, which is commonly measured through a noninvasive earlobe sensor or a finger pulse indicator. It is experienced that cardiac coherence is reflected in a more ordered pattern of a sine-wave-like heart rhythm. It is seen that violence and aggression lowers cardiac coherence levels, while positive emotions, on the other hand, can shift psychophysiological systems into a more centrally coherent and harmonious order that is key to improved performance and overall well-being. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Transmission_Evolutionary_Biology_">Cultural Transmission (Evolutionary Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3313" type="text/json">{"id":3313,"name":"Cultural Transmission (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Transmission_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions">Oral Traditions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7540" type="text/json">{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18961" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_learning">Social learning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18961" type="text/json">{"id":18961,"name":"Social 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Sugiyama","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/MichelleScaliseSugiyama?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10377771/3162316/3722610/s65_michelle.scalise_sugiyama.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3313,"name":"Cultural Transmission (Evolutionary Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Transmission_Evolutionary_Biology_?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":18961,"name":"Social learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_learning?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=21070"},{"id":69417,"name":"Parental investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parental_investment?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20566289" data-work_id="20566289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20566289/r_AND_K_SELECTION_REVISITED_THE_ROLE_OF_POPULATION_REGULATION_IN_LIFE_HISTORY_EVOLUTION">r - AND K -SELECTION REVISITED: THE ROLE OF POPULATION REGULATION IN LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The theory of rand K-selection was one of the first predictive models for life-history evolution. It helped to galvanize the empirical field of comparative life-history and dominated thinking on the subject from the late 1960s through the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20566289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The theory of rand K-selection was one of the first predictive models for life-history evolution. It helped to galvanize the empirical field of comparative life-history and dominated thinking on the subject from the late 1960s through the 1970s. Large quantities of field data were collected that claimed to test predictions of the theory. By the early 1980s, sentiment about the theory had changed so completely that a proposal to test it or the use of it to interpret empirical results would likely be viewed as archaic and naïve. The theory was displaced by demographic models that concentrated on mortality patterns as the cause of life-history evolution. Although demographic models are known for their density-independent approach and focus on extrinsic mortality, these models can incorporate many ecological features captured by rand K-selection, such as density-dependent population regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations. We highlight the incorporation of these factors in recent theory, then show how they are manifest in our research on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Explanations of the repeatable suites of life-history differences across populations of guppies originate from demographic models of predator-driven age-specific mortality. Recently, careful examination of guppy demography and habitat has revealed that density-dependent regulation and resource availability may have influenced the evolution of guppy life histories. In the field, these factors covary with predation risk; however, they can be uncoupled experimentally, providing insight into how they may have synergistically driven guppy life-history evolution. Although life-history theory has shifted away from a focus on rand K-selection, the themes of density-dependent regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations are integral to current demographic theory and are potentially important in any natural system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20566289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6364b18f6c80b9a0ca76901b510cef63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41440985,"asset_id":20566289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41440985/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32805539" href="https://ucriverside.academia.edu/DavidReznick">David Reznick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32805539" type="text/json">{"id":32805539,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Reznick","domain_name":"ucriverside","page_name":"DavidReznick","display_name":"David Reznick","profile_url":"https://ucriverside.academia.edu/DavidReznick?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20566289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20566289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20566289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20566289", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20566289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20566289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20566289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20566289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Theory">Life History Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15156" type="text/json">{"id":15156,"name":"Life History Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Theory?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20566289]'), work: {"id":20566289,"title":"r - AND K -SELECTION REVISITED: THE ROLE OF POPULATION REGULATION IN LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION","created_at":"2016-01-22T10:35:48.745-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20566289/r_AND_K_SELECTION_REVISITED_THE_ROLE_OF_POPULATION_REGULATION_IN_LIFE_HISTORY_EVOLUTION?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_20566289","summary":"The theory of rand K-selection was one of the first predictive models for life-history evolution. It helped to galvanize the empirical field of comparative life-history and dominated thinking on the subject from the late 1960s through the 1970s. Large quantities of field data were collected that claimed to test predictions of the theory. By the early 1980s, sentiment about the theory had changed so completely that a proposal to test it or the use of it to interpret empirical results would likely be viewed as archaic and naïve. The theory was displaced by demographic models that concentrated on mortality patterns as the cause of life-history evolution. Although demographic models are known for their density-independent approach and focus on extrinsic mortality, these models can incorporate many ecological features captured by rand K-selection, such as density-dependent population regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations. We highlight the incorporation of these factors in recent theory, then show how they are manifest in our research on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Explanations of the repeatable suites of life-history differences across populations of guppies originate from demographic models of predator-driven age-specific mortality. Recently, careful examination of guppy demography and habitat has revealed that density-dependent regulation and resource availability may have influenced the evolution of guppy life histories. In the field, these factors covary with predation risk; however, they can be uncoupled experimentally, providing insight into how they may have synergistically driven guppy life-history evolution. Although life-history theory has shifted away from a focus on rand K-selection, the themes of density-dependent regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations are integral to current demographic theory and are potentially important in any natural system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41440985,"asset_id":20566289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32805539,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Reznick","domain_name":"ucriverside","page_name":"DavidReznick","display_name":"David Reznick","profile_url":"https://ucriverside.academia.edu/DavidReznick?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":15156,"name":"Life History Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Theory?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":60635,"name":"Guppy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guppy?f_ri=21070"},{"id":128413,"name":"Density dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Density_dependence?f_ri=21070"},{"id":156545,"name":"Environmental Variables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Variables?f_ri=21070"},{"id":175711,"name":"Poecilia Reticulata","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poecilia_Reticulata?f_ri=21070"},{"id":224767,"name":"Prediction Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Model?f_ri=21070"},{"id":254128,"name":"Predation Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation_Risk?f_ri=21070"},{"id":289896,"name":"Population Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Regulation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1127663,"name":"Field Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Data?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1334031,"name":"Resource Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Availability?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10820590 coauthored" data-work_id="10820590" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10820590/Middle_Pleistocene_Life_Histories_Metapopulation_Ecology_and_Innovation_in_the_Acheulian">Middle Pleistocene Life Histories, Metapopulation Ecology and Innovation in the Acheulian. </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the course of the evolution of the genus Homo, the most profound developments in life history parameters seem to have occurred in the Lower Pleistocene. Yet Acheulian industries are widely seen as having remained essentially unchanged... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10820590" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the course of the evolution of the genus Homo, the most profound developments in life history parameters seem to have occurred in the Lower Pleistocene. Yet Acheulian industries are widely seen as having remained essentially<br />unchanged for some 1.3 million years or more. In reality, however, although the Acheulian did not develop in a<br />cumulative or directional manner over its long history, it nevertheless displayed considerable levels of typological<br />and technological diversity and variability at continental, regional, and local levels. It is at the local level that this<br />variability is at its greatest, with prepared core technologies regarded as characteristic of the succeeding Middle<br />Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age appearing sporadically and ephemerally in the Acheulian. It is our contention<br />that this pattern of local, short term variability combined with global long term stasis cannot be accounted for by<br />models asserting that the hominin makers of the Acheulian lacked the cognitive capabilities of their evolutionary<br />successors. Instead, we argue that Acheulian hominins were cognitively capable of innovative technical behavior<br />and often displayed it; but that, despite structural life history parameters that approached those of living Homo<br />sapiens, relatively short childhood, juvenile, and adolescence phases, combined with small local group size, constrained<br />the social and developmental scope for innovation. Furthermore, we argue that metapopulation-level social,<br />demographic, and ecological dynamics in the Acheulian, relating to group size, foraging ranges, and levels of<br />individual migration, served to limit the lifespan of local groups and thereby reduced the likelihood of innovative<br />behaviors disseminating through social networks and becoming fixed in cultural repertoires before the originator<br />population became extinct. We explore the idea that the transition from the Acheulian to the ensuing Middle<br />Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age was therefore driven not by evolutionary developments in hominin cognitive<br />capacities, but by changes in life history and metapopulation factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10820590" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="732da6aca50f20904cc741f82b46b602" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36648610,"asset_id":10820590,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36648610/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32601151" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WhiteMj1">White M.j.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32601151" type="text/json">{"id":32601151,"first_name":"White","last_name":"M.j.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WhiteMj1","display_name":"White M.j.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WhiteMj1?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-10820590">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-10820590"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uvic.academia.edu/AprilNowell">April Nowell</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leicester.academia.edu/TerryHopkinson">Terry Hopkinson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-10820590'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-10820590').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10820590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10820590"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10820590; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10820590]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10820590").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10820590").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10820590"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9836" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Childhood">Archaeology of Childhood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9836" type="text/json">{"id":9836,"name":"Archaeology of Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Childhood?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28776" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acheulian_Archaeology_">Acheulian (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28776" type="text/json">{"id":28776,"name":"Acheulian (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acheulian_Archaeology_?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28778" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28778" type="text/json">{"id":28778,"name":"Lower Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Paleolithic?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10820590]'), work: {"id":10820590,"title":"Middle Pleistocene Life Histories, Metapopulation Ecology and Innovation in the Acheulian. ","created_at":"2015-02-15T16:20:17.992-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10820590/Middle_Pleistocene_Life_Histories_Metapopulation_Ecology_and_Innovation_in_the_Acheulian?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_10820590","summary":"In the course of the evolution of the genus Homo, the most profound developments in life history parameters seem to have occurred in the Lower Pleistocene. Yet Acheulian industries are widely seen as having remained essentially\nunchanged for some 1.3 million years or more. In reality, however, although the Acheulian did not develop in a\ncumulative or directional manner over its long history, it nevertheless displayed considerable levels of typological\nand technological diversity and variability at continental, regional, and local levels. It is at the local level that this\nvariability is at its greatest, with prepared core technologies regarded as characteristic of the succeeding Middle\nPaleolithic and Middle Stone Age appearing sporadically and ephemerally in the Acheulian. It is our contention\nthat this pattern of local, short term variability combined with global long term stasis cannot be accounted for by\nmodels asserting that the hominin makers of the Acheulian lacked the cognitive capabilities of their evolutionary\nsuccessors. Instead, we argue that Acheulian hominins were cognitively capable of innovative technical behavior\nand often displayed it; but that, despite structural life history parameters that approached those of living Homo\nsapiens, relatively short childhood, juvenile, and adolescence phases, combined with small local group size, constrained\nthe social and developmental scope for innovation. Furthermore, we argue that metapopulation-level social,\ndemographic, and ecological dynamics in the Acheulian, relating to group size, foraging ranges, and levels of\nindividual migration, served to limit the lifespan of local groups and thereby reduced the likelihood of innovative\nbehaviors disseminating through social networks and becoming fixed in cultural repertoires before the originator\npopulation became extinct. We explore the idea that the transition from the Acheulian to the ensuing Middle\nPaleolithic and Middle Stone Age was therefore driven not by evolutionary developments in hominin cognitive\ncapacities, but by changes in life history and metapopulation factors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36648610,"asset_id":10820590,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32601151,"first_name":"White","last_name":"M.j.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WhiteMj1","display_name":"White M.j.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WhiteMj1?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":184807,"first_name":"April","last_name":"Nowell","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"AprilNowell","display_name":"April Nowell","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/AprilNowell?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/184807/45404/152712734/s65_april.nowell.jpg"},{"id":48220863,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Hopkinson","domain_name":"leicester","page_name":"TerryHopkinson","display_name":"Terry Hopkinson","profile_url":"https://leicester.academia.edu/TerryHopkinson?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9836,"name":"Archaeology of Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Childhood?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":28776,"name":"Acheulian (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acheulian_Archaeology_?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":28778,"name":"Lower Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Paleolithic?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":160431,"name":"Metapopulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metapopulation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":338207,"name":"Handaxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handaxes?f_ri=21070"},{"id":970134,"name":"Metapopulations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metapopulations?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1390202,"name":"Evolution of Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Childhood?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31631532" data-work_id="31631532" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31631532/Do_Step_and_Biological_Grandparents_Show_Differences_in_Investment_and_Emotional_Closeness_With_Their_Grandchildren">Do Step-and Biological Grandparents Show Differences in Investment and Emotional Closeness With Their Grandchildren?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human children are raised by a variety of caregivers including grandparents. A few studies have assessed potential differences in direct caregiving, financial expenditures, and emotional closeness between biological and step-grandparents.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31631532" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human children are raised by a variety of caregivers including grandparents. A few studies have assessed potential differences in direct caregiving, financial expenditures, and emotional closeness between biological and step-grandparents. Drawing upon kin selection theory, we hypothesized that step-grandparents would provide less care and be less emotionally close to grandchildren than would biological grandparents. A sample of 341 heterosexual U.S. adults 25–35 years of age in a long-term partnership and with a biological child 5 years of age or younger were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Subjects provided sociodemographic information and answered questions about the dynamics between their own parent/stepparent and their own youngest biological child (hence, biological/step-grandparenting dynamics). Main analyses were restricted to within-subject comparisons. Results showed that biological grandmothers provided more direct childcare, financial expenditures, and had more emotionally close relationships with grandchildren than did step-grandmothers. Biological grandfathers provided less direct care and had less emotionally close relationships than step-grandfathers but did not exhibit differences in financial expenditures. Biological grandmothers provided more direct care, financial investment, and were more emotionally close to the referential grandchild than were biological grandfathers. Step-grandfathers were more emotionally close and more often played with grandchildren than step-grandmothers. These findings partially support kin selection theory. We discuss the relevance of factors such as competing demands on grandmothers' investment in biological and step-grandchildren and grandfathering serving in part as mating effort. Sex differences in biological grandparenting also mirror those in parenting. We suggest directions for future research, including on grandfathers, particularly in patrilineal societies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31631532" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77897ada801ca2f1e39643ea900b1d58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51955128,"asset_id":31631532,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51955128/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27719" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray">Peter Gray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27719" type="text/json">{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31631532 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31631532"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31631532, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31631532", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31631532 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31631532; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31631532"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31631532 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31631532"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31631532; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31631532]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31631532").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31631532").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31631532"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70353" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kin_Selection">Kin Selection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70353" type="text/json">{"id":70353,"name":"Kin Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kin_Selection?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="257268" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_development_and_Family_Studies">Human development and Family Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="257268" type="text/json">{"id":257268,"name":"Human development and Family Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_development_and_Family_Studies?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31631532]'), work: {"id":31631532,"title":"Do Step-and Biological Grandparents Show Differences in Investment and Emotional Closeness With Their Grandchildren?","created_at":"2017-02-27T08:01:18.372-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31631532/Do_Step_and_Biological_Grandparents_Show_Differences_in_Investment_and_Emotional_Closeness_With_Their_Grandchildren?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_31631532","summary":"Human children are raised by a variety of caregivers including grandparents. A few studies have assessed potential differences in direct caregiving, financial expenditures, and emotional closeness between biological and step-grandparents. Drawing upon kin selection theory, we hypothesized that step-grandparents would provide less care and be less emotionally close to grandchildren than would biological grandparents. A sample of 341 heterosexual U.S. adults 25–35 years of age in a long-term partnership and with a biological child 5 years of age or younger were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Subjects provided sociodemographic information and answered questions about the dynamics between their own parent/stepparent and their own youngest biological child (hence, biological/step-grandparenting dynamics). Main analyses were restricted to within-subject comparisons. Results showed that biological grandmothers provided more direct childcare, financial expenditures, and had more emotionally close relationships with grandchildren than did step-grandmothers. Biological grandfathers provided less direct care and had less emotionally close relationships than step-grandfathers but did not exhibit differences in financial expenditures. Biological grandmothers provided more direct care, financial investment, and were more emotionally close to the referential grandchild than were biological grandfathers. Step-grandfathers were more emotionally close and more often played with grandchildren than step-grandmothers. These findings partially support kin selection theory. We discuss the relevance of factors such as competing demands on grandmothers' investment in biological and step-grandchildren and grandfathering serving in part as mating effort. Sex differences in biological grandparenting also mirror those in parenting. We suggest directions for future research, including on grandfathers, particularly in patrilineal societies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51955128,"asset_id":31631532,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":70353,"name":"Kin Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kin_Selection?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":257268,"name":"Human development and Family Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_development_and_Family_Studies?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":334660,"name":"Grandparents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grandparents?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24671317" data-work_id="24671317" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24671317/Life_history_diversity_and_evolution_in_the_Asterinidae">Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Synopsis Asterinid sea stars have the greatest range of life histories known for the Asteroidea. Larval form in these sea stars has been modified in association with selection for planktonic, benthic, or intergonadal developmental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24671317" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Synopsis Asterinid sea stars have the greatest range of life histories known for the Asteroidea. Larval form in these sea stars has been modified in association with selection for planktonic, benthic, or intergonadal developmental habitats. Life history data are available for 31 species and molecular data for 28 of these. These data were used to assess life history evolution and relationships among asterinid clades. Lecithotrophy is prevalent in Asterinidae, with at least 6 independent origins of this developmental mode. Morphological differences in the attachment complex of brachiolaria larvae were evident among species with planktonic lecithotrophy. Some features are clade specific while others are variable within clades. Benthic brachiolariae are similar in Aquilonastra and Parvulastra with tripod-shaped larvae, while the bilobed sole-shaped larvae of Asterina species appear unique to this genus. Multiple transitions and pathways have been involved in the evolution of lecithotropy in the Asterinidae. Although several genera have a species with a planktonic feeding larva in a basal phylogenetic position, relative to species with planktonic or benthic lecithotrophy, there is little evidence for the expected life history transformation series from planktonic feeding, to planktonic non-feeding, to benthic non-feeding development. Intragonadal development, a life history pattern unique to the Asterinidae, arose three times through ancestors with benthic or pelagic lecithotrophy. Evolution of lecithotrophy appears more prevalent in the Asterinidae than other asteroid families. As diverse modes of development are discerned in cryptic species complexes, new insights into life history evolution in the Asterinidae are being generated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24671317" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0407b411c2155b0193c150eca73065d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45000571,"asset_id":24671317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45000571/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32593954" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/MariaByrne">Maria Byrne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32593954" type="text/json">{"id":32593954,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Byrne","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"MariaByrne","display_name":"Maria Byrne","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/MariaByrne?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24671317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24671317"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24671317, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24671317", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24671317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24671317; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24671317"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24671317 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24671317"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24671317; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24671317]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24671317").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24671317").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24671317"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution">Life History Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21070" type="text/json">{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="160843" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species">Cryptic Species</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="160843" type="text/json">{"id":160843,"name":"Cryptic Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24671317]'), work: {"id":24671317,"title":"Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae","created_at":"2016-04-22T18:09:15.436-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24671317/Life_history_diversity_and_evolution_in_the_Asterinidae?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_24671317","summary":"Synopsis Asterinid sea stars have the greatest range of life histories known for the Asteroidea. Larval form in these sea stars has been modified in association with selection for planktonic, benthic, or intergonadal developmental habitats. Life history data are available for 31 species and molecular data for 28 of these. These data were used to assess life history evolution and relationships among asterinid clades. Lecithotrophy is prevalent in Asterinidae, with at least 6 independent origins of this developmental mode. Morphological differences in the attachment complex of brachiolaria larvae were evident among species with planktonic lecithotrophy. Some features are clade specific while others are variable within clades. Benthic brachiolariae are similar in Aquilonastra and Parvulastra with tripod-shaped larvae, while the bilobed sole-shaped larvae of Asterina species appear unique to this genus. Multiple transitions and pathways have been involved in the evolution of lecithotropy in the Asterinidae. Although several genera have a species with a planktonic feeding larva in a basal phylogenetic position, relative to species with planktonic or benthic lecithotrophy, there is little evidence for the expected life history transformation series from planktonic feeding, to planktonic non-feeding, to benthic non-feeding development. Intragonadal development, a life history pattern unique to the Asterinidae, arose three times through ancestors with benthic or pelagic lecithotrophy. Evolution of lecithotrophy appears more prevalent in the Asterinidae than other asteroid families. As diverse modes of development are discerned in cryptic species complexes, new insights into life history evolution in the Asterinidae are being generated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45000571,"asset_id":24671317,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32593954,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Byrne","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"MariaByrne","display_name":"Maria Byrne","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/MariaByrne?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":160843,"name":"Cryptic Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptic_Species?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53559503" data-work_id="53559503" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53559503/On_Quantification_of_Consciousness_Coefficient_of_Consciousness_Expansibility">On Quantification of Consciousness: Coefficient of Consciousness Expansibility</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is proposed that the consciousness of an animating soul responding as a linear elastic harmonic resonator can be defined as the square root of the ratio of the soul's coefficient of consciousness expansibility, a karmic constant, to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53559503" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is proposed that the consciousness of an animating soul responding as a linear elastic harmonic resonator can be defined as the square root of the ratio of the soul's coefficient of consciousness expansibility, a karmic constant, to its constitution: Natural Frequency = √ [k/m]<br />Where k depicts Coefficient of Consciousness Expansibility (Karmic Constant) and m denotes constitution (matter-antimatter).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53559503" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53559503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53559503"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53559503, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53559503", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53559503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53559503; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53559503"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53559503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53559503"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53559503; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53559503]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53559503").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53559503").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53559503"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology">Evolutionary Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255" type="text/json">{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3344" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness">Metaphysics of Consciousness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3344" type="text/json">{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3364" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution">Morphological evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3364" type="text/json">{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53559503]'), work: {"id":53559503,"title":"On Quantification of Consciousness: Coefficient of Consciousness Expansibility","created_at":"2021-09-27T12:48:15.408-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53559503/On_Quantification_of_Consciousness_Coefficient_of_Consciousness_Expansibility?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_53559503","summary":"It is proposed that the consciousness of an animating soul responding as a linear elastic harmonic resonator can be defined as the square root of the ratio of the soul's coefficient of consciousness expansibility, a karmic constant, to its constitution: Natural Frequency = √ [k/m]\nWhere k depicts Coefficient of Consciousness Expansibility (Karmic Constant) and m denotes constitution (matter-antimatter). \n\n \n\n \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70348179,"asset_id":53559503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":3364,"name":"Morphological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphological_evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":17607,"name":"Evolution of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution_of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":23077,"name":"Vibration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibration?f_ri=21070"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=21070"},{"id":113872,"name":"VIBRATION ANALYSIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/VIBRATION_ANALYSIS?f_ri=21070"},{"id":727967,"name":"Expansion Of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expansion_Of_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":959944,"name":"Quantum Physics and Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics_and_Consciousness?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1019278,"name":"Consciousness and Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_and_Creativity?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23808478" data-work_id="23808478" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23808478/Phylogeny_of_the_mega_diverse_Gelechioidea_Lepidoptera_Adaptations_and_determinants_of_success">Phylogeny of the mega-diverse Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera): Adaptations and determinants of success</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Gelechioidea, with 18,000 described and many more unnamed species ranks among the most diverse lepidopteran superfamilies. Nevertheless, their taxonomy has remained largely unresolved, and phylogenetic affinities among gelechioid... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23808478" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Gelechioidea, with 18,000 described and many more unnamed species ranks among the most diverse lepidopteran superfamilies. Nevertheless, their taxonomy has remained largely unresolved, and phylogenetic affinities among gelechioid families and lower taxa have been insufficiently understood. We constructed, for the first time, a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Gelechioidea. We sampled seven genes, in total 5466 base pairs, of 109 gelechioid taxa representing 32 of 37 recognized subfamilies, and two outgroup taxa. We used maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian inference to construct phylogenetic trees. We found that the families Autostichidae, Lecithoceridae, Xyloryctidae, and Oecophoridae s. str., in this order, are the most basally arising clades. Elachistidae s. l. was found to be paraphyletic, with families such as Gelechiidae and Cosmopterigidae nested within it, and Parametriotinae associated with several families previously considered unrelated to them. Using the phylogenetic trees, we examined patterns of life history evolution and determinants of the success of different lineages. Gelechioids express unusually wide variability in life-history strategies, including herbivorous, saprophagous, fungivorous, and carnivorous lineages. Most species are highly specialized in diet and other life history traits. The results suggest that either saprophagy was the ancestral feeding strategy from which herbivory evolved independently on multiple occasions, or that the ancestor was herbivorous with repeated origins of saprophagy. External feeding is an ancestral trait from which internal feeding evolved independently several times. In terms of species number, saprophages are dominant in Australia, while elsewhere several phytophagous lineages have extensively specialized and diversified. Internal feeding has remained a somewhat less generally adopted feeding mode, although in a few lineages significant radiations of leaf mining species have occurred. We conclude that diverse feeding modes, specialization among saprophages, repeated shifts to phytophagy, and a generally high specialization rate on single plant species (monophagy) are the major factors behind the success of the Gelechioidea.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23808478" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05d12e2f7491cbc8201d7076d71e1812" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44227027,"asset_id":23808478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44227027/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46047715" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/LauriKaila">Lauri Kaila</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46047715" type="text/json">{"id":46047715,"first_name":"Lauri","last_name":"Kaila","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"LauriKaila","display_name":"Lauri Kaila","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/LauriKaila?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23808478 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23808478"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23808478, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23808478", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23808478]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23808478").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23808478").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23808478"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4967" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution">Molecular Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4967" type="text/json">{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23808478]'), work: {"id":23808478,"title":"Phylogeny of the mega-diverse Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera): Adaptations and determinants of success","created_at":"2016-03-30T03:28:14.485-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23808478/Phylogeny_of_the_mega_diverse_Gelechioidea_Lepidoptera_Adaptations_and_determinants_of_success?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_23808478","summary":"The Gelechioidea, with 18,000 described and many more unnamed species ranks among the most diverse lepidopteran superfamilies. Nevertheless, their taxonomy has remained largely unresolved, and phylogenetic affinities among gelechioid families and lower taxa have been insufficiently understood. We constructed, for the first time, a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Gelechioidea. We sampled seven genes, in total 5466 base pairs, of 109 gelechioid taxa representing 32 of 37 recognized subfamilies, and two outgroup taxa. We used maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian inference to construct phylogenetic trees. We found that the families Autostichidae, Lecithoceridae, Xyloryctidae, and Oecophoridae s. str., in this order, are the most basally arising clades. Elachistidae s. l. was found to be paraphyletic, with families such as Gelechiidae and Cosmopterigidae nested within it, and Parametriotinae associated with several families previously considered unrelated to them. Using the phylogenetic trees, we examined patterns of life history evolution and determinants of the success of different lineages. Gelechioids express unusually wide variability in life-history strategies, including herbivorous, saprophagous, fungivorous, and carnivorous lineages. Most species are highly specialized in diet and other life history traits. The results suggest that either saprophagy was the ancestral feeding strategy from which herbivory evolved independently on multiple occasions, or that the ancestor was herbivorous with repeated origins of saprophagy. External feeding is an ancestral trait from which internal feeding evolved independently several times. In terms of species number, saprophages are dominant in Australia, while elsewhere several phytophagous lineages have extensively specialized and diversified. Internal feeding has remained a somewhat less generally adopted feeding mode, although in a few lineages significant radiations of leaf mining species have occurred. We conclude that diverse feeding modes, specialization among saprophages, repeated shifts to phytophagy, and a generally high specialization rate on single plant species (monophagy) are the major factors behind the success of the Gelechioidea.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44227027,"asset_id":23808478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46047715,"first_name":"Lauri","last_name":"Kaila","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"LauriKaila","display_name":"Lauri Kaila","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/LauriKaila?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":31356,"name":"Lepidoptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lepidoptera?f_ri=21070"},{"id":51529,"name":"Bayesian Inference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayesian_Inference?f_ri=21070"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=21070"},{"id":60960,"name":"Adaptive Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Radiation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":151749,"name":"Molecular phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_phylogeny?f_ri=21070"},{"id":166506,"name":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Phylogenetics_and_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":356665,"name":"Life history strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history_strategy?f_ri=21070"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=21070"},{"id":550697,"name":"Phylogenetic Tree","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetic_Tree?f_ri=21070"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=21070"},{"id":985598,"name":"Predatory Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predatory_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1191613,"name":"Likelihood Functions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Likelihood_Functions?f_ri=21070"},{"id":2102157,"name":"Maximum Likelihood Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maximum_Likelihood_Method?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33096589" data-work_id="33096589" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33096589/Beyond_cumulative_risk_Distinguishing_harshness_and_unpredictability_as_determinants_of_parenting_and_early_life_history_strategy">Beyond cumulative risk: Distinguishing harshness and unpredictability as determinants of parenting and early life history strategy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Drawing on life history theory, Ellis and associates' (2009) recent across-and within-species analysis of ecological effects on reproductive development highlighted two fundamental dimensions of environmental variation and influence:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33096589" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Drawing on life history theory, Ellis and associates' (2009) recent across-and within-species analysis of ecological effects on reproductive development highlighted two fundamental dimensions of environmental variation and influence: harshness and unpredictability. To evaluate the unique contributions of these factors, the authors of present article examined data from a national sample 1364 mothers and their children participating in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Harshness was operationalized as income-to-needs ratio in the first 5 years of life; unpredictability was indexed by residential changes, paternal transitions, and parental job changes during this same period. Here the proposition was tested that these factors not only uniquely predict accelerated life-history strategy, operationalized in terms of sexual behavior at age 15, but that such effects are mediated by change over the early-childhood years in maternal depression and, thereby, observed maternal sensitivity in the early-elementary-school years. Structural equation modeling provided empirical support for Ellis et al.'s (2009) theorizing, calling attention once again to the contribution of evolutionary analysis to understanding contemporary human parenting and development. Implications of the findings for intervention are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33096589" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccb56b19bd5215a40bc46a64c301225c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53194717,"asset_id":33096589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53194717/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64497443" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielLSchlomer">Gabriel L. Schlomer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64497443" type="text/json">{"id":64497443,"first_name":"Gabriel L.","last_name":"Schlomer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrielLSchlomer","display_name":"Gabriel L. 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To evaluate the unique contributions of these factors, the authors of present article examined data from a national sample 1364 mothers and their children participating in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Harshness was operationalized as income-to-needs ratio in the first 5 years of life; unpredictability was indexed by residential changes, paternal transitions, and parental job changes during this same period. Here the proposition was tested that these factors not only uniquely predict accelerated life-history strategy, operationalized in terms of sexual behavior at age 15, but that such effects are mediated by change over the early-childhood years in maternal depression and, thereby, observed maternal sensitivity in the early-elementary-school years. Structural equation modeling provided empirical support for Ellis et al.'s (2009) theorizing, calling attention once again to the contribution of evolutionary analysis to understanding contemporary human parenting and development. Implications of the findings for intervention are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53194717,"asset_id":33096589,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64497443,"first_name":"Gabriel L.","last_name":"Schlomer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabrielLSchlomer","display_name":"Gabriel L. Schlomer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabrielLSchlomer?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4545,"name":"Parenting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=21070"},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=21070"},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070"},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=21070"},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=21070"},{"id":14249,"name":"Child Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Care?f_ri=21070"},{"id":15156,"name":"Life History Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Theory?f_ri=21070"},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":30140,"name":"Early Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Childhood?f_ri=21070"},{"id":50690,"name":"Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobility?f_ri=21070"},{"id":57280,"name":"Youth development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_development?f_ri=21070"},{"id":60585,"name":"Factor analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Factor_analysis?f_ri=21070"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=21070"},{"id":81504,"name":"Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":91079,"name":"Child Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Abuse?f_ri=21070"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=21070"},{"id":103551,"name":"Structural equation models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_equation_models?f_ri=21070"},{"id":111921,"name":"Sexual Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":112879,"name":"Elementary 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Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Depression?f_ri=21070"},{"id":690362,"name":"Risk Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=21070"},{"id":816819,"name":"Psychological Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Models?f_ri=21070"},{"id":958371,"name":"Risky Sexual Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risky_Sexual_Behavior?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=21070"},{"id":1993786,"name":"Cumulant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cumulant?f_ri=21070"},{"id":2463496,"name":"Statistics as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics_as_Topic?f_ri=21070"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1717506" data-work_id="1717506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1717506/The_ontogeny_of_bone_growth_in_two_species_of_dormice_Reconstructing_life_history_traits">The ontogeny of bone growth in two species of dormice: Reconstructing life history traits</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Though bone histology has become a powerful tool to reconstruct life history strategies and physiology in living and extinct reptiles and amphibians, it is of limited use in mammals. Dormice (Myoxidae) are good candidates for assessing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1717506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Though bone histology has become a powerful tool to reconstruct life history strategies and physiology in living and extinct reptiles and amphibians, it is of limited use in mammals. Dormice (Myoxidae) are good candidates for assessing the relation between bone microstructure and life history due to their long life span, marked physiological cycles and negligible bone remodelling. We carried out the most comprehensive study so far analyzing 16 wild individuals of unknown age belonging to two different species of dormice, Glis glis and Eliomys quercinus. Our study shows a high degree of consistency in the number of resting lines present in bones of the same individual, with femora providing the most accurate age estimations. Moreover, the presence of a single LAG in some juveniles allows discerning between offspring from different reproductive events (early or late litters).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1717506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ac7e32ec0e28e739907d2ed75328dc6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38268580,"asset_id":1717506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38268580/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2031693" href="https://uab.academia.edu/XavierJordana">Xavier Jordana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2031693" type="text/json">{"id":2031693,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Jordana","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"XavierJordana","display_name":"Xavier Jordana","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/XavierJordana?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2031693/670407/1791755/s65_xavier.jordana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1717506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1717506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1717506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1717506", }); 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Dormice (Myoxidae) are good candidates for assessing the relation between bone microstructure and life history due to their long life span, marked physiological cycles and negligible bone remodelling. We carried out the most comprehensive study so far analyzing 16 wild individuals of unknown age belonging to two different species of dormice, Glis glis and Eliomys quercinus. Our study shows a high degree of consistency in the number of resting lines present in bones of the same individual, with femora providing the most accurate age estimations. Moreover, the presence of a single LAG in some juveniles allows discerning between offspring from different reproductive events (early or late litters).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38268580,"asset_id":1717506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2031693,"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Jordana","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"XavierJordana","display_name":"Xavier Jordana","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/XavierJordana?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2031693/670407/1791755/s65_xavier.jordana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":39806,"name":"Fossil Bone Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Bone_Histology?f_ri=21070"},{"id":55015,"name":"Small Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Mammals?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7959864" data-work_id="7959864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7959864/Father_Darwin_Effects_of_Children_on_Men_Viewed_from_an_Evolutionary_Perspective">Father Darwin: Effects of Children on Men, Viewed from an Evolutionary Perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inspired by Charles Darwin, we explore the evolutionary trajectory of human fatherhood. Paternal behavior is a prominent feature of our species’ behavioral biology, with most models suggesting core features having been derived within the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7959864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inspired by Charles Darwin, we explore the evolutionary trajectory of human fatherhood. Paternal behavior is a prominent feature of our species’ behavioral biology, with most models suggesting core features having been derived within the past few million years of evolution. Specific components—holding, provisioning, protecting, providing moral guidance—have evolved in mosaic fashion rather than as a complete package. The impacts of fatherhood on men’s lives take a variety of forms. Becoming a father has impacts on men’s relationship quality, sexual function, neuroendocrine system, and other health-related outcomes. These effects suggest an overall model in which involved fathering of a young child can yield negative health impacts that may subsequently rebound as a child grows older.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7959864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a25a1abc14f8efd76b5e3dd3d50a3dd0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34432510,"asset_id":7959864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34432510/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27719" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray">Peter Gray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27719" type="text/json">{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7959864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7959864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7959864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7959864", }); 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Paternal behavior is a prominent feature of our species’ behavioral biology, with most models suggesting core features having been derived within the past few million years of evolution. Specific components—holding, provisioning, protecting, providing moral guidance—have evolved in mosaic fashion rather than as a complete package. The impacts of fatherhood on men’s lives take a variety of forms. Becoming a father has impacts on men’s relationship quality, sexual function, neuroendocrine system, and other health-related outcomes. These effects suggest an overall model in which involved fathering of a young child can yield negative health impacts that may subsequently rebound as a child grows older.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34432510,"asset_id":7959864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27719,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Gray","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"PeterGray","display_name":"Peter Gray","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/PeterGray?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27719/694911/12155324/s65_peter.gray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":255,"name":"Evolutionary Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Psychology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":4545,"name":"Parenting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":7610,"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Anthropology?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true},{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070"},{"id":36791,"name":"Fatherhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatherhood?f_ri=21070"},{"id":36810,"name":"Fatherhood, fathering and fathers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatherhood_fathering_and_fathers?f_ri=21070"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1862555" data-work_id="1862555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1862555/Hormones_and_the_physiological_architecture_of_life_history_evolution">Hormones and the physiological architecture of life history evolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1862555" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="471bbbac1aebe8d26acf3b49e7e51a1d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":26186822,"asset_id":1862555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/26186822/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2319850" href="https://uci.academia.edu/MichaelRose">Michael Rose</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2319850" type="text/json">{"id":2319850,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Rose","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"MichaelRose","display_name":"Michael Rose","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/MichaelRose?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2319850/733917/911153/s65_michael.rose.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1862555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1862555"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1862555, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1862555", }); 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STRIGATA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO CLOSELY RELATED LIZARD SPECIES BASED ON SKELETOCHRONOLOGY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Age and growth in Lacerta agilis (ssp. L. a. boemica) and a closely related sympatric species L. strigata from the eastern North Caucasus, Russia were assessed by skeletochronology and back-calculation methods. We examined 320 specimens... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30035097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Age and growth in Lacerta agilis (ssp. L. a. boemica) and a closely related sympatric species L. strigata from the eastern North Caucasus, Russia were assessed by skeletochronology and back-calculation methods. We examined 320 specimens from one lowland, two submontane (both species), and two mountain (L. agilis) localities. Age structure, back-calculated snout-vent length (SVL) at hatching and subsequent hibernations, and asymptotic SVL were studied for sexual dimorphism, altitudinal variation and interspecific differences. Pattern of resorption of growth layers in bone and its possible effects on growth inferences from skeletochronological data were also considered. The back-calculated SVLs showed a good conformity to comparable field data. Mean and maximum SVL at the first hibernation clearly decreased with altitude. Within the same localities, these parameters were consistently higher in L. agilis than in L. strigata. Between the 1 st and 2 nd hibernations (the period of the highest increment in SVL in all study populations), L. strigata grew faster than the syntopic L. agilis. In the lowland locality, females of both species tended to grow slower than males between the 1 st and 2 nd hibernations, while at higher elevations they exhibited lower SVL increments than the males between the 2 nd and 3 d hibernations. This pattern, along with occurrence of gravid yearlings in the lowland locality (but not in the other sites), suggests an earlier onset of reproduction in the lowland populations compared to those from higher elevations. Asymptotic SVLs in the study populations tended to be larger in males than in females. In L. agilis these sexual size differences (SSD) varied among populations, being quite strong in the lowland site and negligible at the highest locality. The mountain populations (960 and 1900 m a.s.l.) of L. a. boemica exhibited higher mean age and longevity than the lowland and submontane populations (20-600 m a.s.l.) of both species; however, no clear altitudinal trend was found for adult SVL. Much of the variation revealed in this study, including the interlocality differences in SSD, can be related to the length of activity season, in line with recently published theoretical models and experimental studies stressing the role of proximate factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30035097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f848fbf0ed4adf1ed7b0713ea4887739" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50487671,"asset_id":30035097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50487671/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7245974" href="https://zfmk.academia.edu/EvgenyRoitberg">Evgeny Roitberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7245974" type="text/json">{"id":7245974,"first_name":"Evgeny","last_name":"Roitberg","domain_name":"zfmk","page_name":"EvgenyRoitberg","display_name":"Evgeny Roitberg","profile_url":"https://zfmk.academia.edu/EvgenyRoitberg?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7245974/3643076/4272486/s65_evgeny.roitberg.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30035097">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30035097"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD">Володя Зажигин</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30035097'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30035097').html(); 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STRIGATA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO CLOSELY RELATED LIZARD SPECIES BASED ON SKELETOCHRONOLOGY","created_at":"2016-11-22T14:40:04.248-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30035097/AGE_BODY_SIZE_AND_GROWTH_OF_LACERTA_AGILIS_BOEMICA_AND_L_STRIGATA_A_COMPARATIVE_STUDY_OF_TWO_CLOSELY_RELATED_LIZARD_SPECIES_BASED_ON_SKELETOCHRONOLOGY?f_ri=21070","dom_id":"work_30035097","summary":"Age and growth in Lacerta agilis (ssp. L. a. boemica) and a closely related sympatric species L. strigata from the eastern North Caucasus, Russia were assessed by skeletochronology and back-calculation methods. We examined 320 specimens from one lowland, two submontane (both species), and two mountain (L. agilis) localities. Age structure, back-calculated snout-vent length (SVL) at hatching and subsequent hibernations, and asymptotic SVL were studied for sexual dimorphism, altitudinal variation and interspecific differences. Pattern of resorption of growth layers in bone and its possible effects on growth inferences from skeletochronological data were also considered. The back-calculated SVLs showed a good conformity to comparable field data. Mean and maximum SVL at the first hibernation clearly decreased with altitude. Within the same localities, these parameters were consistently higher in L. agilis than in L. strigata. Between the 1 st and 2 nd hibernations (the period of the highest increment in SVL in all study populations), L. strigata grew faster than the syntopic L. agilis. In the lowland locality, females of both species tended to grow slower than males between the 1 st and 2 nd hibernations, while at higher elevations they exhibited lower SVL increments than the males between the 2 nd and 3 d hibernations. This pattern, along with occurrence of gravid yearlings in the lowland locality (but not in the other sites), suggests an earlier onset of reproduction in the lowland populations compared to those from higher elevations. Asymptotic SVLs in the study populations tended to be larger in males than in females. In L. agilis these sexual size differences (SSD) varied among populations, being quite strong in the lowland site and negligible at the highest locality. The mountain populations (960 and 1900 m a.s.l.) of L. a. boemica exhibited higher mean age and longevity than the lowland and submontane populations (20-600 m a.s.l.) of both species; however, no clear altitudinal trend was found for adult SVL. Much of the variation revealed in this study, including the interlocality differences in SSD, can be related to the length of activity season, in line with recently published theoretical models and experimental studies stressing the role of proximate factors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50487671,"asset_id":30035097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7245974,"first_name":"Evgeny","last_name":"Roitberg","domain_name":"zfmk","page_name":"EvgenyRoitberg","display_name":"Evgeny Roitberg","profile_url":"https://zfmk.academia.edu/EvgenyRoitberg?f_ri=21070","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7245974/3643076/4272486/s65_evgeny.roitberg.jpg"},{"id":57261286,"first_name":"Володя","last_name":"Зажигин","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ВолодяЗажигин","display_name":"Володя Зажигин","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21070,"name":"Life History Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_History_Evolution?f_ri=21070","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20379111 coauthored" data-work_id="20379111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20379111/The_evolution_of_alternative_parasitic_life_histories_in_large_blue_butterflies">The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in large blue butterflies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20379111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a56bc1213e1c885842700b666f0f98e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41326330,"asset_id":20379111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41326330/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MzQ1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41734539" href="https://au.academia.edu/ThomasAls">Thomas Als</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41734539" type="text/json">{"id":41734539,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Als","domain_name":"au","page_name":"ThomasAls","display_name":"Thomas Als","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/ThomasAls?f_ri=21070","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20379111">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20379111"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YHsu1">Y. 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