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nomination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Republican_Party_nomination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Republican Party nomination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Republican_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Withdrawn_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawn_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Withdrawn candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawn_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Democratic Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Democratic Party nomination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Withdrawn_candidates_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawn_candidates_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Withdrawn candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawn_candidates_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Primary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other nominations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_nominations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other nominations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reform_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reform_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reform Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reform_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_of_State_Green_Parties_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_of_State_Green_Parties_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Association of State Green Parties nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_of_State_Green_Parties_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libertarian_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libertarian_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Libertarian Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libertarian_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitution_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitution_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Constitution Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitution_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_Law_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_Law_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Natural Law Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_Law_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Independents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>General election campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_election_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle General election campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-General_election_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Presidential debates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_expressions_and_phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_expressions_and_phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Notable expressions and phrases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_expressions_and_phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ballot_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballot_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ballot access</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballot_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Florida_recount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida_recount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Florida recount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida_recount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>National results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Results by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Close_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Close states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voter demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-recount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-recount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Post-recount</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-recount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Voting machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exit_polling_and_declaration_of_vote_winners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exit_polling_and_declaration_of_vote_winners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Exit polling and declaration of vote winners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exit_polling_and_declaration_of_vote_winners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ralph_Nader_spoiler_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ralph_Nader_spoiler_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Ralph Nader spoiler controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ralph_Nader_spoiler_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Press_influence_on_race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press_influence_on_race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Press influence on race</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press_influence_on_race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_future_elections_and_the_Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_future_elections_and_the_Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Effects on future elections and the Supreme Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_future_elections_and_the_Supreme_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Papers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2000 United States presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_2000" title="الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2000 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2000" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E-d%C9%99_prezident_se%C3%A7kil%C9%99ri_(2000)" title="ABŞ-də prezident seçkiləri (2000) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ-də prezident seçkiləri (2000)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_n%C3%AE_B%C3%AD-kok_ch%C3%B3ng-th%C3%B3ng_so%C3%A1n-k%C3%AD" title="2000 nî Bí-kok chóng-thóng soán-kí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="2000 nî Bí-kok chóng-thóng soán-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9_(2000)" title="Президентски избори в САЩ (2000) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президентски избори в САЩ (2000)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_presidencials_dels_Estats_Units_del_2000" title="Eleccions presidencials dels Estats Units del 2000 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions presidencials dels Estats Units del 2000" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volby_prezidenta_USA_2000" title="Volby prezidenta USA 2000 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volby prezidenta USA 2000" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_2000" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 2000 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 2000" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_2000" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 2000 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 2000" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_2000" title="Προεδρική εκλογή των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών 2000 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προεδρική εκλογή των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών 2000" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_2000" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2000 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2000" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000ko_Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_hauteskunde_presidentzialak" title="2000ko Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako hauteskunde presidentzialak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2000ko Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako hauteskunde presidentzialak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B0)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۲۰۰۰) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۲۰۰۰)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_2000" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 2000 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 2000" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000-ngi%C3%A8n_M%C3%AE-koet_ch%C3%BAng-th%C3%BAng_si%C3%A9n-k%C3%AD" title="2000-ngièn Mî-koet chúng-thúng sién-kí – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="2000-ngièn Mî-koet chúng-thúng sién-kí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="2000년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2000년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_2000" title="ԱՄՆ նախագահական ընտրություններ 2000 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ նախագահական ընտրություններ 2000" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_Presiden_Amerika_Serikat_2000" title="Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2000 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2000" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsetakosningar_%C3%AD_Bandar%C3%ADkjunum_2000" title="Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 2000 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsetakosningar í Bandaríkjunum 2000" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_2000" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 2000 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 2000" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_2000" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 2000 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 2000" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_(2000)" title="აშშ-ის საპრეზიდენტო არჩევნები (2000) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აშშ-ის საპრეზიდენტო არჩევნები (2000)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchaguzi_wa_Rais_wa_Marekani,_2000" title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 2000 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 2000" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000._gada_ASV_prezidenta_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas" title="2000. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="2000. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_met%C5%B3_JAV_prezidento_rinkimai" title="2000 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="2000 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_ni%C3%A8ng_M%C4%AB-gu%C3%B3k_c%C5%ABng-t%C5%ABng_s%C5%8Dng-g%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="2000 nièng Mī-guók cūng-tūng sōng-gṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="2000 nièng Mī-guók cūng-tūng sōng-gṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_2000" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 2000 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 2000" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="2000年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2000年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Presidentenwool_2000" title="US-Presidentenwool 2000 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="US-Presidentenwool 2000" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_2000" title="Presidentvalget i USA 2000 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 2000" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQSh_prezidentlik_saylovi_(2000)" title="AQSh prezidentlik saylovi (2000) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="AQSh prezidentlik saylovi (2000)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_2000_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 2000 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 2000 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_2000" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 2000 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 2000" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alegeri_preziden%C8%9Biale_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii,_2000" title="Alegeri prezidențiale în Statele Unite ale Americii, 2000 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alegeri prezidențiale în Statele Unite ale Americii, 2000" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(2000)" title="Президентские выборы в США (2000) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (2000)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2000 United States presidential election" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidentsk%C3%A9_vo%C4%BEby_v_USA_v_roku_2000" title="Prezidentské voľby v USA v roku 2000 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prezidentské voľby v USA v roku 2000" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A0%D9%A0)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (٢٠٠٠) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (٢٠٠٠)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_2000." title="Председнички избори у САД 2000. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председнички избори у САД 2000." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_presidentinvaalit_2000" title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 2000 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 2000" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_2000" title="Presidentvalet i USA 2000 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidentvalet i USA 2000" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2543" title="การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ พ.ศ. 2543 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐ พ.ศ. 2543" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1k_se%C3%A7imleri" title="2000 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2000 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_2000" title="Президентські вибори у США 2000 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президентські вибори у США 2000" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_c%E1%BB%AD_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_2000" title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 2000 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 2000" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">54th quadrennial U.S. presidential election</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2000 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>November 7, 2000</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr /><a href="/wiki/List_of_2000_United_States_presidential_electors" title="List of 2000 United States presidential electors">538 members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><sup id="cite_ref-Abstention_of_One_Elector_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abstention_of_One_Elector-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />270 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">54.2%<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.5 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeWBush_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg/150px-GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg/225px-GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg/300px-GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3333FF;"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Gore,_Vice_President_of_the_United_States,_official_portrait_1994_(a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/150px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/225px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/300px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>271</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">266<sup id="cite_ref-Discrepancy_Between_Pledged_Elector_Tally_and_Electoral_Vote_for_Gore/Lieberman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discrepancy_Between_Pledged_Elector_Tally_and_Electoral_Vote_for_Gore/Lieberman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>30</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">20 + <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">DC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">50,456,002 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>50,999,897</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span data-sort-value="7001478612416377646♠" style="display:none"></span>47.9% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><span data-sort-value="7001483771661856622♠" style="display:none"></span>48.4%</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/348px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="348" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/522px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/696px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" usemap="#ImageMap_125076c3d48236e7" 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alt="2000 United States presidential election in Alaska" title="2000 United States presidential election in Alaska" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" shape="rect" coords="295,104,316,111" alt="2000 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia" title="2000 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" shape="rect" coords="301,98,331,104" alt="2000 United States presidential election in Maryland" title="2000 United States presidential election in Maryland" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" shape="rect" coords="304,90,324,97" alt="2000 United States presidential election in Delaware" title="2000 United States presidential election in Delaware" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="rect" coords="307,83,331,89" alt="2000 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="rect" coords="313,72,333,78" alt="2000 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="2000 United States presidential election in Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" shape="rect" coords="316,62,334,68" alt="2000 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" title="2000 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="rect" coords="316,50,345,56" alt="2000 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="2000 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="rect" coords="269,21,290,28" alt="2000 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="2000 United States presidential election in Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="273,14,296,20" alt="2000 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:darkred;">Red</span> denotes states won by Bush/Cheney and <span style="color:darkblue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Gore/Lieberman. One of D.C.'s three electors <a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">abstained</a> from casting a vote for president or vice president. Numbers indicate <a href="/wiki/Electoral_votes" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral votes">electoral votes</a> cast by each state and the District of Columbia.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on November 7, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, narrowly defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>. It was the fourth of five U.S. presidential elections, and the first since <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">winning candidate lost the popular vote</a>, and is considered one of the closest U.S. presidential elections, with long-standing controversy about the result.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gore conceded the election on December 13 after the Supreme Court issued <a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">its decision</a>. </p><p>Incumbent Democratic <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> was ineligible to seek a third term because of term limits established by the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">22nd Amendment</a>. Incumbent Vice President Gore easily secured the <a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic nomination</a>, defeating former <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Democratic primaries">primaries</a>. He selected <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>. Bush was seen as the early favorite for the <a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican nomination</a>, and after a contentious primary battle with <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> and others, he secured the nomination by <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>. He selected former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>. </p><p>Both major-party candidates focused primarily on domestic issues, such as the budget, tax relief, and reforms for federal <a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">social insurance</a> programs, although foreign policy was not ignored. Due to President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Clinton%E2%80%93Lewinsky_scandal" title="Clinton–Lewinsky scandal">sex scandal</a> with <a href="/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky" title="Monica Lewinsky">Monica Lewinsky</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">impeachment</a>, Gore avoided campaigning with Clinton. Republicans denounced Clinton's indiscretions, while Gore criticized Bush's lack of experience. </p><p>On election night, it was unclear who had won, with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral votes</a> of the state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> still undecided. The returns showed that Bush won Florida by such a close margin that state law required a <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">recount</a>. A month-long series of legal battles led to the highly controversial 5–4 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> decision <i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i>, which ended the recount. Ultimately, Bush won Florida by 537 votes, a margin of 0.009%. The Florida recount and subsequent litigation resulted in major post-election controversy, with some analysis suggesting that limited county-based recounts would have confirmed a Bush victory, whereas a statewide recount would have given the state to Gore.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-battle_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postelection analysis has found that Palm Beach County's <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfly ballot">butterfly ballot</a> misdirected over 2,000 votes from Gore to third-party candidate <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a>, tipping Florida—and the election—to Bush.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, Bush won 271 electoral votes, one vote more than the 270 required to win, while Gore won the popular vote by 543,895 votes (a margin of 0.52% of all votes cast).<sup id="cite_ref-el2000_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el2000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bush flipped 11 states that had voted Democratic in <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>: Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia. This was the last time until <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> in which an incumbent vice president ran for president. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election#Procedure" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential election § Procedure</a></div> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> and former <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">Governor of Arkansas</a>, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-second Amendment</a>; in accordance with Section<span class="nowrap"> </span>1 of the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twentieth Amendment</a>, his term expired at noon <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Standard Time</a> on January 20, 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republican_Party_nomination">Republican Party nomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Republican Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">2000 Republican Party presidential primaries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">2000 Republican National Convention</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George-W-Bush_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/George-W-Bush_%28cropped%29.jpeg/75px-George-W-Bush_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/George-W-Bush_%28cropped%29.jpeg/113px-George-W-Bush_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/George-W-Bush_%28cropped%29.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2440" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">George W. Bush</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Business and personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_George_W._Bush" title="List of things named after George W. Bush">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of awards and honors received by George W. Bush">Honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Bibliography</a></li> <li>Non-profit organizaitons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">46th Governor of Texas</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">43rd President of the United States</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Efforts to impeach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Tenure</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Iraq and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">2007 Iraq surge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Stimulus_Act_of_2008" title="Economic Stimulus Act of 2008">Economic Stimulus Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_George_W._Bush" title="Political positions of George W. Bush">Policies</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">international trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Climate change policy of the George W. Bush administration">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Appointments</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Federal judges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nominations">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Miers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">Florida recount</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush's signature"><img alt="George W. Bush's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/GeorgeWBush_Signature.svg/150px-GeorgeWBush_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/GeorgeWBush_Signature.svg/225px-GeorgeWBush_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/GeorgeWBush_Signature.svg/300px-GeorgeWBush_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush_series" title="Template:George W. Bush series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush_series" title="Template talk:George W. Bush series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#F1F1F1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"><img alt="Republican Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/65px-Republican_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/98px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/130px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Republican Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big><b>2000 Republican Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">George W. Bush</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Dick Cheney</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#FFD0D7;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeWBush_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg/150px-GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg/225px-GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg/300px-GeorgeWBush_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Cheney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dick_Cheney.jpg/158px-Dick_Cheney.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dick_Cheney.jpg/237px-Dick_Cheney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Dick_Cheney.jpg/316px-Dick_Cheney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a><br /><small>(1995–2000)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense#List_of_secretaries_of_defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">17th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a><br /><small>(1989–1993)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg/200px-Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg/300px-Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg/400px-Bush_Cheney_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawn_candidates">Withdrawn candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Withdrawn candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; color:white; background:#E81B23;"><i>Candidates in this section are sorted by popular vote from the primaries</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer">Gary Bauer</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_McCain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_McCain.jpg/96px-John_McCain.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_McCain.jpg/145px-John_McCain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_McCain.jpg/193px-John_McCain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Keyes_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alan_Keyes_%281%29.jpg/90px-Alan_Keyes_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alan_Keyes_%281%29.jpg/135px-Alan_Keyes_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alan_Keyes_%281%29.jpg/180px-Alan_Keyes_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SteveForbesJun2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SteveForbesJun2009.jpg/93px-SteveForbesJun2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SteveForbesJun2009.jpg/140px-SteveForbesJun2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SteveForbesJun2009.jpg/187px-SteveForbesJun2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barybauerconcord_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barybauerconcord_%282%29.jpg/104px-Barybauerconcord_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barybauerconcord_%282%29.jpg/156px-Barybauerconcord_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barybauerconcord_%282%29.jpg/208px-Barybauerconcord_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg/95px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg/142px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg/189px-Orrin_Hatch_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4042" data-file-height="5120" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg/96px-Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg/144px-Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg/192px-Elizabeth_Dole_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pat_Buchanan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pat_Buchanan.jpg/100px-Pat_Buchanan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pat_Buchanan.jpg/150px-Pat_Buchanan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pat_Buchanan.jpg/200px-Pat_Buchanan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a><br /><small>(1987–2018)</small> </td> <td>Asst. Secretary of State<br /><small>(1985–1987)</small> </td> <td>Businessman </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">U.S. Under Secretary of Education</a><br /><small>(1985–1987)</small> </td> <td>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a><br /><small>(1977–2019)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">U.S. Secretary of Labor</a><br /><small>(1989–1990)</small> </td> <td>White House Communications Director<br /><small>(1985–1987)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg/100px-McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg/150px-McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg/200px-McCain_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="113" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg/100px-Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg/150px-Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg/200px-Alan_Keyes_2000_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2193" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign,_2000.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png/100px-Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png/150px-Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png/200px-Steve_Forbes_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign,_2000.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png/100px-Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png/150px-Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png/200px-Gary_Bauer_presidential_campaign%2C_2000.png 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orrin_Hatch_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Orrin_Hatch_2000.jpg/100px-Orrin_Hatch_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Orrin_Hatch_2000.jpg/150px-Orrin_Hatch_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Orrin_Hatch_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="79" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg/100px-Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg/150px-Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg/200px-Elizabeth_Dole_for_president_2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchanan2000.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Buchanan2000.gif/100px-Buchanan2000.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Buchanan2000.gif/150px-Buchanan2000.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Buchanan2000.gif/200px-Buchanan2000.gif 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="92" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_forbes_2000_presidential_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve forbes 2000 presidential campaign (page does not exist)">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer_2000_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Bauer 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Orrin Hatch 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole_2000_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Dole 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>W: March 9</i><br /><small><b>6,457,696</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>W: July 25</i><br /><small><b>1,009,232</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>W: Feb 10</i><br /><small><b>151,362</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>W: Feb 4</i><br /><small><b>65,128</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>W: Jan 26</i><br /><small><b>20,408</b> votes</small> </td> <td><i>W: Oct 20</i><br /> <p><small><b>231</b> votes</small> </p> </td> <td><i>W: Oct 25</i><br /> <p><small><b>0</b> votes</small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primaries">Primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bush became the early front-runner, acquiring unprecedented funding and a broad base of leadership support based on his governorship of Texas, the Bush family's name recognition, and connections in American politics. Former cabinet member <a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> played an important early role in securing establishment Republican support for Bush. In April 1998, he invited Bush to discuss policy issues with experts including <a href="/wiki/Michael_Boskin" title="Michael Boskin">Michael Boskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_B._Taylor" title="John B. Taylor">John Taylor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>, who later became his <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of State</a>. The group, which was "looking for a candidate for 2000 with good political instincts, someone they could work with", was impressed, and Shultz encouraged him to enter the race.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several aspirants withdrew before the <a href="/wiki/2000_Iowa_Republican_presidential_caucuses" title="2000 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> because they did not secure funding and endorsements sufficient to remain competitive with Bush. These included <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> dropped out to run for the Reform Party nomination. That left Bush, <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer">Gary Bauer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> as the only candidates still in the race. </p><p>On January 24, Bush won the Iowa caucuses with 41% of the vote. Forbes came in second with 30% of the vote. Keyes received 14%, Bauer 9%, McCain 5%, and Hatch 1%.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two days later, Hatch dropped out and endorsed Bush.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national media portrayed Bush as the establishment candidate. </p><p>With the support of many moderate Republicans and independents, McCain portrayed himself as a crusading insurgent who focused on <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">campaign reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 1, McCain, who had skipped the caucuses in order to divert resources toward New Hampshire and South Carolina, won a surprising 49–30% victory over Bush in the <a href="/wiki/2000_New_Hampshire_Republican_presidential_primary" title="2000 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bauer subsequently dropped out, followed by Forbes, who had won no primaries after spending $32 million of his own money on his campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This left three candidates. In the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2000 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina primary</a>, Bush soundly defeated McCain.<sup id="cite_ref-Borger_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borger-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some McCain supporters accused the Bush campaign of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mudslinging" class="extiw" title="wikt:mudslinging">mudslinging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negative_campaigning" title="Negative campaigning">negative campaigning</a>, citing <a href="/wiki/Push_poll" title="Push poll">push polls</a> that implied that McCain's adopted Bangladeshi-born daughter was an African-American child he fathered out of wedlock.<sup id="cite_ref-pushpolling_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pushpolling-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCain's loss in South Carolina damaged his campaign, but he won both Michigan and his home state of Arizona on February 22.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary campaigns impacted the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_House" title="South Carolina State House">South Carolina State House</a>, where a controversy about the Confederate flag flying over the capitol dome prompted the state legislature to move the flag to a less prominent position at a <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Flags of the Confederate States of America">Civil War memorial on the capitol grounds</a>. Most GOP candidates said the issue should be left to South Carolina voters, but McCain later recanted and said the flag should be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCain criticized Bush for speaking at and accepting the endorsement of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_University" title="Bob Jones University">Bob Jones University</a> despite its policy banning <a href="/wiki/Interracial_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Interracial dating">interracial dating</a>, actions for which Bush subsequently apologized.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 28, McCain also referred to <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Jerry Falwell</a> and televangelist <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a> as "agents of intolerance,"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a term from which he distanced himself during his <a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008 bid</a>. He lost Virginia to Bush on February 29.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>, March 7, Bush won New York, Ohio, Georgia, Missouri, California, Maryland, and Maine. McCain won Rhode Island, Vermont, Connecticut, and Massachusetts but dropped out of the race. McCain became the Republican presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">8 years later</a>, but lost the general election to <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. Bush took the majority of the remaining contests and won the Republican nomination on March 14, winning his home state of Texas and his brother <a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb's</a> home state of Florida, among others. At the <a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> in Philadelphia, Bush accepted the nomination. </p><p>Bush asked former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> to head up a team to help select a running mate for him, but ultimately chose Cheney himself as the vice presidential nominee. While the U.S. Constitution does not specifically disallow a president and a vice president from the same state, it prohibits electors from casting both of their votes for persons from their own state. Accordingly, Cheney—who had been a resident of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> for nearly 10 years—changed his voting registration back to Wyoming. Had Cheney not done this, either he or Bush would have forfeited his electoral votes from Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Delegate totals</dt></dl> <ul><li>Governor George W. Bush – 1,526</li> <li>Senator John McCain – 275</li> <li>Ambassador Alan Keyes – 23</li> <li>Businessman Steve Forbes – 10</li> <li>Gary Bauer – 2</li> <li>None of the names shown – 2</li> <li>Uncommitted – 1</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Democratic_Party_nomination">Democratic Party nomination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Democratic Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157919884"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Gore,_Vice_President_of_the_United_States,_official_portrait_1994_(a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/75px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/113px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/150px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Al Gore</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">U.S. Senator from Tennessee</a></div> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Vice President of the United States</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Presidency_of_Al_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Presidency of Al Gore">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Second inauguration of Bill Clinton">2nd inauguration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_and_information_technology" title="Al Gore and information technology">Information technology</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Presidential campaigns</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">Florida recount</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Vice presidential campaigns</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1992 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_activism_of_Al_Gore" title="Environmental activism of Al Gore">Environmental activism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth" title="An Inconvenient Truth">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_received_by_Al_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards received by Al Gore">Awards</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore's signature"><img alt="Al Gore's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Al_Gore_Signature_3.svg/90px-Al_Gore_Signature_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Al_Gore_Signature_3.svg/135px-Al_Gore_Signature_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Al_Gore_Signature_3.svg/180px-Al_Gore_Signature_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Al_Gore_series" title="Template:Al Gore series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Al_Gore_series" title="Template talk:Al Gore series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Al_Gore_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Al Gore series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 Democratic National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><img alt="Democratic Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/65px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/98px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/130px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Democratic Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big><b>2000 Democratic Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Al Gore</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Joe Lieberman</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Gore,_Vice_President_of_the_United_States,_official_portrait_1994.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/160px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/240px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg/320px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_(cropped_3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/150px-Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/225px-Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/300px-Joe_Lieberman_official_portrait_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">45th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1993–2001)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a><br /><small>(1989–2013)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png/200px-Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png/300px-Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png/400px-Gore-Liberman_2000_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawn_candidates_2">Withdrawn candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Withdrawn candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; width:700px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#3333FF;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Bill_Bradley_(NJ)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sen._Bill_Bradley_%28NJ%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/159px-Sen._Bill_Bradley_%28NJ%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sen._Bill_Bradley_%28NJ%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/239px-Sen._Bill_Bradley_%28NJ%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sen._Bill_Bradley_%28NJ%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/319px-Sen._Bill_Bradley_%28NJ%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="949" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><br /><small>(1979–1997)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Bradley_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bill_Bradley_logo.png/100px-Bill_Bradley_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bill_Bradley_logo.png/150px-Bill_Bradley_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bill_Bradley_logo.png/200px-Bill_Bradley_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="146" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Bradley 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i>W: March 9</i><br /><small><b>3,027,912</b> votes</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> was a consistent front-runner for the nomination. Other prominent Democrats mentioned as possible contenders included <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kerrey" title="Bob Kerrey">Bob Kerrey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Paul Wellstone</a>, and actor and director <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, only Wellstone formed an <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Running an insurgency campaign, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> positioned himself as the alternative to Gore, who was a founding member of the centrist <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a>. While former basketball star <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a> campaigned for him in the early primary states, Bradley announced his intention to campaign "in a different way" by conducting a positive campaign of "big ideas." His campaign's focus was a plan to spend the record-breaking budget surplus on a variety of social welfare programs to help the poor and the middle class, along with campaign finance reform and <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a>. </p><p>Gore easily defeated Bradley in the primaries, largely because of support from the Democratic Party establishment and Bradley's poor showing in the Iowa caucus, where Gore successfully painted Bradley as aloof and indifferent to the plight of farmers. The closest Bradley came to a victory was his 50–46 loss to Gore in the New Hampshire primary. On March 14, Gore clinched the Democratic nomination. </p><p>None of Bradley's delegates were allowed to vote for him, so Gore won the nomination unanimously at the <a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>. <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> was nominated for vice president by voice vote. Lieberman became the first <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish American</a> ever to be chosen for this position by a major party. Gore chose Lieberman over five other finalists: Senators <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Hampshire" title="Governor of New Hampshire">New Hampshire Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Jeanne Shaheen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GoreLiebermanCNN_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoreLiebermanCNN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Delegate totals: </p> <ul><li>Vice President Albert Gore Jr. – 4,328</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstentions</a> – 9</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_nominations">Other nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reform_Party_nomination">Reform Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reform Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">2000 Reform Party presidential primaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><big><b>2000 Reform Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8800AA; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Pat Buchanan</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#8800AA; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Ezola Foster</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#C26AD8;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pat_Buchanan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pat_Buchanan.jpg/167px-Pat_Buchanan.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Pat_Buchanan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a><br /><small>(1985–1987)</small> </td> <td>Conservative <a href="/wiki/Political_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activist">political activist</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg/200px-Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg/300px-Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg/400px-Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="132" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:700px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#6A287E;"><i>Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries</i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_S._Hagelin_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_S._Hagelin_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-John_S._Hagelin_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_S._Hagelin_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-John_S._Hagelin_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/John_S._Hagelin_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-John_S._Hagelin_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15,_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15%2C_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg/93px-Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15%2C_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15%2C_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg/140px-Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15%2C_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15%2C_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg/187px-Donald_Trump_poses_for_a_portrait_December_15%2C_1996_at_his_office_in_New_York_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1539" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">Physicist</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td>Chairman of<br /><a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a><br /><small>(1971–2017)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_2000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Trump_2000.svg/70px-Trump_2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Trump_2000.svg/105px-Trump_2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Trump_2000.svg/140px-Trump_2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hagelin_2000_presidential_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hagelin 2000 presidential campaign (page does not exist)">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 01, 2000</i><br /><small><b>28,539 votes</b></small> </td> <td><i><abbr title="Withdrew">W</abbr>: February 14, 2000</i><br /><small><b>0 votes</b></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The nomination went to Pat Buchanan<sup id="cite_ref-indy_weekly_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy_weekly-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and running mate <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola Foster</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> over the objections of party founder <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> and despite a rump convention nomination of <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a> by the Perot faction. In the end, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a> sided with Buchanan, and that ticket appeared on 49 of 51 possible ballots.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_of_State_Green_Parties_nomination">Association of State Green Parties nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Association of State Green Parties nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">2000 Green National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Green_Disc.svg/65px-Green_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Green_Disc.svg/98px-Green_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Green_Disc.svg/130px-Green_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <big>2000 Association of State Green Parties ticket</big> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:135%; background:#17aa5c"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">Ralph Nader</span></a> </th> <th style="font-size:135%; background:#17aa5c"><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">Winona LaDuke</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:100%; color:black; background:#6BDE9D"> <td><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Nader_1999_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ralph_Nader_1999_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Ralph_Nader_1999_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ralph_Nader_1999_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Ralph_Nader_1999_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ralph_Nader_1999_%28cropped%29.jpg/320px-Ralph_Nader_1999_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winona_duke_dream_reborn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Winona_duke_dream_reborn.png/160px-Winona_duke_dream_reborn.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Winona_duke_dream_reborn.png/240px-Winona_duke_dream_reborn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Winona_duke_dream_reborn.png 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:16em">Founder of<br /><a href="/wiki/Public_Citizen" title="Public Citizen">Public Citizen</a> </td> <td style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/Political_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activist">Activist</a> from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green Party</a> candidates:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> from <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> – 295</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> – 10</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin" title="Stephen Gaskin">Stephen Gaskin</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> – 11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kovel" title="Joel Kovel">Joel Kovel</a> from New York – 3</li> <li>Abstain – 1</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greens/Green_Party_USA" title="Greens/Green Party USA">Greens/Green Party USA</a>, a then-recognized national party organization, later endorsed Nader for president and he appeared on the ballots of 43 states and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libertarian_Party_nomination">Libertarian Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Libertarian Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">2000 Libertarian National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Libertarian_Disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Libertarian_Disc.svg/65px-Libertarian_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Libertarian_Disc.svg/98px-Libertarian_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Libertarian_Disc.svg/130px-Libertarian_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5620" data-file-height="5620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <big>2000 Libertarian Party ticket</big> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:135%; background:#FED105"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">Harry Browne</span></a> </th> <th style="font-size:135%; background:#FED105"><a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">Art Olivier</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:100%; color:black; background:#ffffbf"> <td><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HarryBrowneLPCon1998_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HarryBrowneLPCon1998_%28cropped2%29.jpg/160px-HarryBrowneLPCon1998_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/HarryBrowneLPCon1998_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Olivier_(105415391)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Art_Olivier_%28105415391%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Art_Olivier_%28105415391%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Art_Olivier_%28105415391%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Art_Olivier_%28105415391%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Art_Olivier_%28105415391%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:16em"><a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">Writer</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="width:16em">Mayor of<br /><a href="/wiki/Bellflower,_California" title="Bellflower, California">Bellflower, California</a><br /><small>(1998–1999)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> candidates delegate totals:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> – 493</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Gorman" title="Don Gorman">Don Gorman</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> – 166</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Hornberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Hornberger">Jacob Hornberger</a> from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> – 120</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Hess">Barry Hess</a> from <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> – 53</li> <li>None of the Above – 23</li> <li>other write-ins – 15</li> <li>David Hollist from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> – 8</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">National Nominating Convention</a> nominated <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a> from Tennessee and <a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a> from California for president and vice president. Browne was nominated on the first ballot and Olivier received the vice presidential nomination on the second ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Browne appeared on every state ballot except Arizona's, due to a dispute between the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Arizona">Libertarian Party of Arizona</a> (which instead nominated <a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a>) and the national <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitution_Party_nomination">Constitution Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Constitution Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention#1999_convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Constitution Party National Convention § 1999 convention</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a> candidates: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Titus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Titus">Herb Titus</a></li> <li>Mathew Zupan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a> U.S. Senator from New Hampshire (1990–2003)<br />Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from NH-01 (1985–1990) <i>Withdrew: August 17, 1999</i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The Constitution Party nominated <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a> from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> for a third time and Curtis Frazier from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>. It was on the ballot in 41 states.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_Law_Party_nomination">Natural Law Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Natural Law Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a> from Iowa and <a href="/wiki/Nat_Goldhaber" title="Nat Goldhaber">Nat Goldhaber</a> from California</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Natural_Law_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Natural Law Party">Natural Law Party</a> held its national convention in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, on August 31–September 2, unanimously nominating a ticket of Hagelin/Goldhaber without a roll-call vote.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was on 38 of the 51 ballots nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independents">Independents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Independents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a> U.S. Senator from New Hampshire (1990–2003)<br />Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from NH-01 (1985–1990) <i>Withdrew: October 28, 1999</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election_campaign">General election campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General election campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the campaign focused mainly on domestic issues, such as the projected budget surplus, proposed reforms of <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>, health care, and competing plans for tax relief, foreign policy was often an issue. </p><p>Bush criticized the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>'s policies in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, where 18 Americans died in 1993 intervening among warring factions, and in the Balkans, where United States troops performed a variety of functions. "I don't think our troops ought to be used for what's called <a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">nation-building</a>", Bush said in the second <a href="/wiki/American_presidential_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="American presidential debate">presidential debate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bush also pledged to bridge partisan gaps, claiming the atmosphere in Washington stood in the way of progress on necessary reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gore, meanwhile, questioned Bush's fitness for the job, pointing to gaffes Bush made in interviews and speeches and suggesting he lacked the necessary experience to be president. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">impeachment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewinsky scandal">sex scandal</a> that led up to it cast a shadow on the campaign. Republicans strongly denounced the Clinton scandals, and Bush made a promise to restore "honor and dignity" to the White House a centerpiece of his campaign. Gore studiously avoided the Clinton scandals, as did Lieberman, even though Lieberman had been the first Democratic senator to denounce Clinton's misbehavior. Some observers theorized that Gore chose Lieberman in an attempt to separate himself from Clinton's past misdeeds and help blunt the GOP's attempts to link him to his boss.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others pointed to the passionate kiss Gore gave his wife during the <a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">Democratic Convention</a> as a signal that despite the allegations against Clinton, Gore himself was a faithful husband.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gore avoided appearing with Clinton, who was shunted to low-visibility appearances in areas where he was popular. Experts have argued that this could have cost Gore votes from some of Clinton's core supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> was the most successful of the third-party candidates. His campaign was marked by a traveling tour of large "super-rallies" held in sports arenas like <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>, with retired <a href="/wiki/Talk_show_host" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk show host">talk show host</a> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> as master of ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After initially ignoring Nader, the Gore campaign made a pitch to potential Nader supporters in the campaign's final weeks,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> downplaying his differences with Nader on the issues and arguing that Gore's ideas were more similar to Nader's than Bush's were and that Gore had a better chance of winning than Nader.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other side, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Leadership_Council" title="Republican Leadership Council">Republican Leadership Council</a> ran pro-Nader ads in a few states in an effort to split the liberal vote.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nader said his campaign's objective was to pass the 5-percent threshold so his Green Party would be eligible for matching funds in future races.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vice-presidential candidates <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> campaigned aggressively. Both camps made numerous campaign stops nationwide, often just missing each other, such as when Cheney, <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Lieberman" title="Hadassah Lieberman">Hadassah Lieberman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tipper_Gore" title="Tipper Gore">Tipper Gore</a> attended Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Taste_of_Polonia" title="Taste of Polonia">Taste of Polonia</a> over <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day_Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Day Weekend">Labor Day Weekend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_debates">Presidential debates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Presidential debates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">2000 United States presidential debates</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Debates among candidates for the 2000 U.S. presidential election </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Host </th> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col">Moderator </th> <th scope="col">Participants </th> <th scope="col">Viewership<br />(millions) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">P1 </th> <td>Tuesday, October 3, 2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Boston" title="University of Massachusetts Boston">University of Massachusetts Boston</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Governor George W. Bush</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Vice President Al Gore</a> </td> <td>46.6<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">VP </th> <td>Thursday, October 5, 2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre_College" title="Centre College">Centre College</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville, Kentucky</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Shaw_(journalist)" title="Bernard Shaw (journalist)">Bernard Shaw</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Secretary Dick Cheney</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Senator Joe Lieberman</a> </td> <td>28.5<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">P2 </th> <td>Wednesday, October 11, 2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest University</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Governor George W. Bush</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Vice President Al Gore</a> </td> <td>37.5<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">P3 </th> <td>Tuesday, October 17, 2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Governor George W. Bush</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Vice President Al Gore</a> </td> <td>37.7<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media 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div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of United States showing debate locations"><img alt="Map of United States showing debate locations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/300px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/450px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/600px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.515%;left:86.453%;font-size:65%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="University of Massachusetts Boston Boston, MA"><img alt="University of Massachusetts Boston Boston, MA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b>University of Massachusetts Boston<br />Boston, MA</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.159%;left:69.113%;font-size:65%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Centre College Danville, KY"><img alt="Centre College Danville, KY" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b>Centre College<br />Danville, KY</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.01%;left:59.59%;font-size:65%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO"><img alt="Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><b>Washington University in St. Louis<br />St. Louis, MO</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.594%;left:77.26%;font-size:65%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wake Forest University Winston-Salem , NC"><img alt="Wake Forest University Winston-Salem , NC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b>Wake Forest University<br />Winston-Salem , NC</b></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" title="File:Usa edcp location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Sites of the 2000 general election debates<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 presidential election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Presidential_Debates" title="Commission on Presidential Debates">Commission on Presidential Debates</a> set new candidate selection criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new criteria required third-party candidates to poll at least 15% of the vote in <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2000">national polls</a> in order to take part in the CPD-sponsored presidential debates.<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nader was blocked from attending a closed-circuit screening of the first debate despite having a ticket,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and barred from attending an interview near the site of the third debate (<a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>) despite having a "perimeter pass".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nader later sued the CPD for its role in the former incident. A settlement was reached that included an apology to him.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_expressions_and_phrases">Notable expressions and phrases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable expressions and phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_vault" title="Bank vault">Lockbox</a>/Rainy Day fund: Gore's description of what he would do with the federal budget surplus, which was repeated many times in the first debate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzzy_math_(politics)" title="Fuzzy math (politics)">Fuzzy math</a>: a term used by Bush to dismiss the figures used by Gore. Others later turned the term against Bush.<sup id="cite_ref-Safire_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safire-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_invented_the_Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Gore invented the Internet">Al Gore invented the Internet</a>: an interpretation of Gore's having said he "took the initiative in creating the Internet," meaning that he was on the committee that funded the research leading to the Internet's formation.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strategery" title="Strategery">Strategery</a>": a phrase uttered by <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Bush character (portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Will_Ferrell" title="Will Ferrell">Will Ferrell</a>), which Bush staffers jokingly picked up to describe their operations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/2000 United States presidential election">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballot_access">Ballot access</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ballot access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#lightgrey"> <tbody><tr> <th>Presidential ticket </th> <th>Party </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access" title="Ballot access">Ballot access</a> </th> <th>Votes </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>Gore / Lieberman </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>50+DC </td> <td>50,999,897 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>Bush / Cheney </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>50+<a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">DC</a> </td> <td>50,456,002 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#17aa5c"> <td>Nader / LaDuke </td> <td>Green </td> <td>43+DC </td> <td>2,882,955 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#D08EE4"> <td>Buchanan / Foster </td> <td>Reform </td> <td>49 </td> <td>448,895 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FED105"> <td>Browne / Olivier </td> <td>Libertarian </td> <td>49+DC<sup>★</sup> </td> <td>384,431<sup>★</sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#A356DE"> <td>Phillips / Frazier </td> <td>Constitution </td> <td>41 </td> <td>98,020 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#1AD9FF"> <td>Hagelin / Goldhaber </td> <td>Natural Law </td> <td>38 </td> <td>83,714 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>★</sup>Although the Libertarian Party had ballot access in all fifty United States plus D.C., Browne's name only appeared on the ballot in forty-nine United States plus D.C. The <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Arizona">Libertarian Party of Arizona</a> opted to place <a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a> on the ballot in Browne's place. When adding Smith's 5,775 Arizona votes to Browne's 384,431 votes nationwide, that brings the total presidential votes cast for the Libertarian Party in 2000 to 390,206. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida_recount">Florida recount</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Florida recount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7,_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7%2C_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg/220px-Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7%2C_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7%2C_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg/330px-Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7%2C_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7%2C_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg/440px-Official_Palm_Beach_County_Votomatic_Voting_Machine_used_in_the_November_7%2C_2000_Presidential_Election.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Official <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach County, Florida</a> Votomatic Voting Machine used in the November 7, 2000 U.S. Presidential Election, on display at the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Historic_Capitol_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Historic Capitol Museum">Florida Historic Capitol Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee, Florida</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the exceptions of <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> and Gore's home state of <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="2000 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, Bush carried the Southern states by comfortable margins, including <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton's</a> home state of <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and also won <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2000 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a>, most of the rural <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> farming states, most of the Rocky Mountain states, and <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="2000 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a>. Gore balanced Bush by sweeping the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a> (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, which Bush won narrowly), the Pacific Coast states, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="2000 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and most of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>. </p><p>As the night wore on, the returns in a handful of small-to-medium-sized states, including <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="2000 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="2000 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="2000 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a> and New Mexico (Gore by 355 votes) were extremely close, but the election came down to Florida. As the final national results were tallied the following morning, Bush had clearly won 246 electoral votes and Gore 250, with 270 needed to win. Two smaller states—Wisconsin (11 electoral votes) and Oregon (7)—were still too close to call, but Florida's 25 electoral votes would be decisive regardless of their results. The election's outcome was not known for more than a month after voting ended because of the time required to count and recount Florida's ballots. </p><p>Between 7:50 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. EST on November 7, just before the polls closed in the largely Republican Florida panhandle, which is in the Central time zone, all major television news networks (<a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">FOX</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC</a>) declared that Gore had won Florida. They based this prediction substantially on <a href="/wiki/Exit_poll" title="Exit poll">exit polls</a>. But in the vote, Bush began to take a wide lead early in Florida, and by 10 p.m. EST, the networks had retracted their predictions and placed Florida back in the "undecided" column. At approximately 2:30 a.m. on November 8, with 85% of the vote counted in Florida and Bush leading Gore by more than 100,000 votes, the networks declared that Bush had carried Florida and therefore been elected president. But most of the remaining votes to be counted in Florida were in three heavily Democratic counties—<a href="/wiki/Broward_County,_Florida" title="Broward County, Florida">Broward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami-Dade County">Miami-Dade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Beach County">Palm Beach</a>—and as their votes were reported Gore began to gain on Bush. By 4:30 a.m., after all votes were counted, Gore had narrowed Bush's margin to under 2,000 votes, and the networks retracted their declarations that Bush had won Florida and the presidency. Gore, who had privately conceded the election to Bush, withdrew his <a href="/wiki/Concession_(politics)" title="Concession (politics)">concession</a>. The final result in Florida was slim enough to require a mandatory recount (by machine) under state law; Bush's lead dwindled to just over 300 votes when it was completed the day after the election. On November 8, Florida Division of Elections staff prepared a press release for <a href="/wiki/Florida_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Secretary of State">Florida Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Katherine Harris</a> that said overseas ballots must be "postmarked or signed and dated" by Election Day. It was never released.<sup id="cite_ref-battle_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> A count of the overseas ballots later boosted Bush's margin to 930 votes. (According to a report by <i>The New York Times</i>, 680 of the accepted overseas ballots were received after the legal deadline, lacked required postmarks or a witness signature or address, or were unsigned or undated, cast after election day, from unregistered voters or voters not requesting ballots, or double-counted.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT07152001_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT07152001-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1116c6_(5124003635).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/1116c6_%285124003635%29.jpg/220px-1116c6_%285124003635%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/1116c6_%285124003635%29.jpg/330px-1116c6_%285124003635%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/1116c6_%285124003635%29.jpg/440px-1116c6_%285124003635%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Florida Supreme Court during the recount</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the post-electoral controversy revolved around Gore's request for hand recounts in four counties (Broward, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, and <a href="/wiki/Volusia_County,_Florida" title="Volusia County, Florida">Volusia</a>), as provided under Florida state law. Harris, who also co-chaired Bush's Florida campaign, announced she would reject any revised totals from those counties if they were not turned in by 5 p.m. on November 14, the statutory deadline for amended returns. The <a href="/wiki/Florida_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Supreme Court">Florida Supreme Court</a> extended the deadline to November 26, a decision later <a href="/wiki/Vacated" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacated">vacated</a> by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>. Miami-Dade eventually halted its recount and resubmitted its original total to the state canvassing board, while Palm Beach County failed to meet the extended deadline, turning in its completed recount results at 7 p.m., which Harris rejected. On November 26, the state canvassing board certified Bush as the winner of Florida's electors by 537 votes. Gore formally contested the certified results. A state court decision overruling Gore was reversed by the Florida Supreme Court, which ordered a recount of over 70,000 ballots previously rejected as undervotes by machine counters. The U.S. Supreme Court halted that order the next day, with <a href="/wiki/Justice_Scalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice Scalia">Justice Scalia</a> issuing a concurring opinion that "the counting of votes that are of questionable legality does in my view threaten irreparable harm to petitioner" (Bush).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_(21746677994).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821746677994%29.jpg/220px-20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821746677994%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821746677994%29.jpg/330px-20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821746677994%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821746677994%29.jpg/440px-20.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821746677994%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4308" data-file-height="7008" /></a><figcaption>Gore-Lieberman supporters outside the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On December 12, the Supreme Court in <a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a> issued a 5–4 <a href="/wiki/Per_curiam_decision" title="Per curiam decision">per curiam decision</a> that the Florida Supreme Court's ruling requiring a statewide recount of ballots was unconstitutional on equal protection grounds, and in a 5–4 vote reversed and remanded the case to the Florida Supreme Court for modification before the optional "safe harbor" deadline, which the Supreme Court decided the Florida court had said the state intended to meet. With only two hours remaining until the December 12 deadline, the Supreme Court's order effectively ended the recount, and the previously certified total held. </p><p>Even if the Supreme Court had decided differently in <i>Bush v. Gore</i>, the Florida Legislature had been meeting in Special Session since December 8 with the purpose of selecting of a slate of electors on December 12 should the dispute still be ongoing.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Had the recount gone forward, it would have awarded those electors to Bush, based on the state-certified vote, and Gore's likely last recourse would have been to contest the electors in the United States Congress. The electors would then have been rejected only if both houses agreed to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_results">National results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: National results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though Gore came in second in the electoral vote, he received 543,895 more popular votes than Bush,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the first person since <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> in <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a> to win the popular vote but lose in the Electoral College.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gore failed to win the popular vote in his home state, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, which both he and his father had represented in the Senate, making him the first major-party presidential candidate to have lost his home state since <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> lost <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a>. Furthermore, Gore lost <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, a state that had voted Republican only once in the previous six presidential elections. This was the first time since 1948 that Democrats won the popular vote in three consecutive elections.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is one of only four U.S. presidential elections in which the winner did not carry any of the three Rust Belt states of Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin; the others were 2004, 1916 and 1884. </p><p>Before the election, the possibility that different candidates would win the popular vote and the Electoral College had been noted, but usually with the expectation of Gore winning the Electoral College and Bush the popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea that Bush could win the Electoral College and Gore the popular vote was not considered likely. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_(22179863008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2822179863008%29.jpg/200px-06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2822179863008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2822179863008%29.jpg/300px-06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2822179863008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2822179863008%29.jpg/400px-06.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2822179863008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7008" data-file-height="4624" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_(21752049743).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821752049743%29.jpg/200px-56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821752049743%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821752049743%29.jpg/300px-56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821752049743%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821752049743%29.jpg/400px-56.ElectionProtest.USSC.WDC.11December2000_%2821752049743%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7008" data-file-height="4712" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Bush–Cheney and Gore–Lieberman supporters protest</div></div></div></div> <p>This was the first time since 1928 when a non-incumbent Republican candidate won West Virginia. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a> results were the closest since <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>, making this election the second-closest Electoral College result in history and the third-closest popular vote victory. Gore's 266 electoral votes are the highest for a losing nominee. The 537-vote margin in Florida is the closest for a tipping point state in history.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bush was the first winning Republican since <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> to win with under 300 electoral votes. He was also the first son of a former president to be elected president himself since <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> in 1824. </p><p>Bush was the first Republican in American history to win the presidency without carrying Vermont, Illinois, or New Mexico, as well as the second Republican to win the presidency without carrying California after <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> in <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a>, and Pennsylvania, Maine, and Michigan after <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>, as well as the first winning Republican not to receive any electoral votes from California as Garfield received one electoral vote in 1880. Bush was the first Republican to win without New Jersey, Delaware, or Connecticut since 1888. As of 2024, Bush is the last Republican nominee to win New Hampshire. This marked the first time since Iowa entered the union in 1846 in which the state voted for a Democratic presidential candidate in four elections in a row and the last time until 2020 that Iowa did not vote for the overall winner. This election was the first time since 1976 that New Jersey, Connecticut, Vermont, Maine, Illinois, New Mexico, Michigan, and California voted for the losing candidate, as well as the first since 1980 that Maryland did so, the first since 1948 that Delaware did so, and the first since 1968 that Pennsylvania did so. </p><p>There were only two counties in the nation that had voted Republican in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Presidential_Election,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Presidential Election, 1996">1996</a> and flipped to the Democratic column in 2000: <a href="/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland" title="Charles County, Maryland">Charles County, Maryland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida" title="Orange County, Florida">Orange County, Florida</a>, both rapidly diversifying counties.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2000 election was also the last time a Republican won a number of populous urban counties that have since turned into Democratic strongholds. These include <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina" title="Mecklenburg County, North Carolina">Mecklenburg County, North Carolina</a> (Charlotte); <a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana" title="Marion County, Indiana">Marion County, Indiana</a> (Indianapolis), <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a> (DC suburbs), <a href="/wiki/Chatham_County,_Georgia" title="Chatham County, Georgia">Chatham County, Georgia</a> (Savannah), <a href="/wiki/Whatcom_County,_Washington" title="Whatcom County, Washington">Whatcom County, Washington</a> (Bellingham), and <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County, Texas</a> (Austin). Conversely, as of 2020, Gore is the last Democrat to have won any counties at all in Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-NewsOK_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewsOK-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br />vote </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,456,002 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.86% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">271 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">271 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50,999,897 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.38% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">266 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">266 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,882,955 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.74% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">448,895 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.43% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola Foster</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">384,431 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.36% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,020 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.09% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> Curtis Frazier</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Natural_Law_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Natural Law Party">Natural Law</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83,714 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.08% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Nat_Goldhaber" title="Nat Goldhaber">Nat Goldhaber</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>51,186 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">abstention</a>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-abstention_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abstention-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><b> <i>(abstention)</i><sup id="cite_ref-abstention_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abstention-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>105,421,423 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>538 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>538 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>270 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>270 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><b>Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2000/ptables.xlw">"2000 Presidential Electoral and Popular Vote"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel 4.0)</span>. Federal Election Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2000+Presidential+Electoral+and+Popular+Vote&rft.pub=Federal+Election+Commission.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fec.gov%2Fpubrec%2Ffe2000%2Fptables.xlw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></b></dd></dl> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Gore</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:48.38%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">48.38%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Bush</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:47.86%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">47.86%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Nader</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#17aa5c; width:2.74%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.74%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Buchanan</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#6A287E; width:0.43%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.43%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Browne</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FED105; width:0.36%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.22%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.22%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Bush</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:50.37%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">50.37%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Gore</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:49.44%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">49.44%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Abstention</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.19%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.19%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2000-Large.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ElectoralCollege2000-Large.png/650px-ElectoralCollege2000-Large.png" decoding="async" width="650" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/ElectoralCollege2000-Large.png/975px-ElectoralCollege2000-Large.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/ElectoralCollege2000-Large.png 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1629px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote."><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/500px-2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/750px-2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/1000px-2000_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote."><img alt="Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg/500px-2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg/750px-2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg/1000px-2000_United_States_presidential_election_by_congressional_district.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vote share by county for Green Party candidate Ralph Nader. Darker shades indicate a stronger Green performance."><img alt="Vote share by county for Green Party candidate Ralph Nader. Darker shades indicate a stronger Green performance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg/500px-Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg/750px-Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg/1000px-Nader2000percentagebycounty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vote share by county for Green Party candidate Ralph Nader. Darker shades indicate a stronger Green performance.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2000prescountymap2.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Election results by county."><img alt="Election results by county." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2000prescountymap2.PNG/488px-2000prescountymap2.PNG" decoding="async" width="488" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2000prescountymap2.PNG/733px-2000prescountymap2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2000prescountymap2.PNG/976px-2000prescountymap2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="983" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Election results by county.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2000_Presidential_Election,_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Election results by congressional district."><img alt="Election results by congressional district." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2000_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/496px-2000_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png" decoding="async" width="496" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2000_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/744px-2000_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2000_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png/991px-2000_Presidential_Election%2C_Results_by_Congressional_District.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Election results by congressional district.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 535px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 530px; height: 347px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1996 election to the 2000 election."><img alt="Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1996 election to the 2000 election." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/465px-1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="465" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/699px-1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg/931px-1996-2000_United_States_Presidential_swing_by_county_margin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1996 election to the 2000 election.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_state">Results by state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Results by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"> <caption>Legend </caption> <tbody><tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td colspan="2">States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td colspan="2">States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>†</td> <td>At-large results (For states that split electoral votes) </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">George W. Bush<br />Republican </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Al Gore<br />Democratic </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Ralph Nader<br />Green </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Pat Buchanan<br />Reform </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Harry Browne<br />Libertarian </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Howard Phillips<br />Constitution </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">John Hagelin<br />Natural Law </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Others </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Margin </th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">State Total </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="electoral votes">EV</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number"># </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="2000 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>941,173 </td> <td>56.48% </td> <td>9 </td> <td>692,611 </td> <td>41.57% </td> <td>– </td> <td>18,323 </td> <td>1.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,351 </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,893 </td> <td>0.35% </td> <td>– </td> <td>775 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>447 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>– </td> <td>699 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>248,562 </td> <td>14.92% </td> <td>1,666,272 </td> <td>AL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="2000 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>167,398 </td> <td>58.62% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>79,004 </td> <td>27.67% </td> <td>– </td> <td>28,747 </td> <td>10.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,192 </td> <td>1.82% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,636 </td> <td>0.92% </td> <td>– </td> <td>596 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>– </td> <td>919 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,068 </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td>– </td> <td>88,394 </td> <td>30.95% </td> <td>285,560 </td> <td>AK </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a>* </td> <td>8 </td> <td>781,652 </td> <td>51.02% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>685,341 </td> <td>44.73% </td> <td>– </td> <td>45,645 </td> <td>2.98% </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,373 </td> <td>0.81% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>110 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,120 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,775 </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td>– </td> <td>96,311 </td> <td>6.29% </td> <td>1,532,016 </td> <td>AZ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>472,940 </td> <td>51.31% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>422,768 </td> <td>45.86% </td> <td>– </td> <td>13,421 </td> <td>1.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,358 </td> <td>0.80% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,781 </td> <td>0.30% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,415 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,098 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>50,172 </td> <td>5.44% </td> <td>921,781 </td> <td>AR </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2000 United States presidential election in California">California</a> </td> <td>54 </td> <td>4,567,429 </td> <td>41.65% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,861,203 </td> <td>53.45% </td> <td>54 </td> <td>418,707 </td> <td>3.82% </td> <td>– </td> <td>44,987 </td> <td>0.41% </td> <td>– </td> <td>45,520 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>17,042 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,934 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>34 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−1,293,774 </td> <td>−11.80% </td> <td>10,965,856 </td> <td>CA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="2000 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>883,748 </td> <td>50.75% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>738,227 </td> <td>42.39% </td> <td>– </td> <td>91,434 </td> <td>5.25% </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,465 </td> <td>0.60% </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,799 </td> <td>0.73% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,319 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,240 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,136 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>145,521 </td> <td>8.36% </td> <td>1,741,368 </td> <td>CO </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="2000 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>561,094 </td> <td>38.44% </td> <td>– </td> <td>816,015 </td> <td>55.91% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>64,452 </td> <td>4.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,731 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,484 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,695 </td> <td>0.66% </td> <td>– </td> <td>40 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−254,921 </td> <td>−17.47% </td> <td>1,459,525 </td> <td>CT </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="2000 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>137,288 </td> <td>41.90% </td> <td>– </td> <td>180,068 </td> <td>54.96% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>8,307 </td> <td>2.54% </td> <td>– </td> <td>777 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>– </td> <td>774 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>– </td> <td>208 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>107 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>– </td> <td>93 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−42,780 </td> <td>−13.06% </td> <td>327,622 </td> <td>DE </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="2000 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">D.C.</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>18,073 </td> <td>8.95% </td> <td>– </td> <td>171,923 </td> <td>85.16% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>10,576 </td> <td>5.24% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>669 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>653 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>−153,850 </td> <td>−76.20% </td> <td>201,894 </td> <td>DC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td>25 </td> <td>2,912,790 </td> <td>48.85% </td> <td>25 </td> <td>2,912,253 </td> <td>48.84% </td> <td>– </td> <td>97,488 </td> <td>1.63% </td> <td>– </td> <td>17,484 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>16,415 </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,371 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,281 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,028 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>537 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>5,963,110 </td> <td>FL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="2000 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>1,419,720 </td> <td>54.67% </td> <td>13 </td> <td>1,116,230 </td> <td>42.98% </td> <td>– </td> <td>13,432 </td> <td>0.52% </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,926 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>36,332 </td> <td>1.40% </td> <td>– </td> <td>140 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>24 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>303,490 </td> <td>11.69% </td> <td>2,596,804 </td> <td>GA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="2000 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>137,845 </td> <td>37.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>205,286 </td> <td>55.79% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>21,623 </td> <td>5.88% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,071 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,477 </td> <td>0.40% </td> <td>– </td> <td>343 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>– </td> <td>306 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>−67,441 </td> <td>−18.33% </td> <td>367,951 </td> <td>HI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2000 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>336,937 </td> <td>67.17% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>138,637 </td> <td>27.64% </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,292 </td> <td>2.45% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,615 </td> <td>1.52% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,488 </td> <td>0.70% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,469 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,177 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>198,300 </td> <td>39.53% </td> <td>501,621 </td> <td>ID </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="2000 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>2,019,421 </td> <td>42.58% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,589,026 </td> <td>54.60% </td> <td>22 </td> <td>103,759 </td> <td>2.19% </td> <td>– </td> <td>16,106 </td> <td>0.34% </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,623 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>– </td> <td>57 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,127 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−569,605 </td> <td>−12.01% </td> <td>4,742,123 </td> <td>IL </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1,245,836 </td> <td>56.65% </td> <td>12 </td> <td>901,980 </td> <td>41.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>18,531 </td> <td>0.84% </td> <td>– </td> <td>16,959 </td> <td>0.77% </td> <td>– </td> <td>15,530 </td> <td>0.71% </td> <td>– </td> <td>200 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>167 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>99 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>343,856 </td> <td>15.63% </td> <td>2,199,302 </td> <td>IN </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="2000 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>634,373 </td> <td>48.22% </td> <td>– </td> <td>638,517 </td> <td>48.54% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>29,374 </td> <td>2.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,731 </td> <td>0.44% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,209 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>– </td> <td>613 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,281 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,465 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−4,144 </td> <td>−0.31% </td> <td>1,315,563 </td> <td>IA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>622,332 </td> <td>58.04% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>399,276 </td> <td>37.24% </td> <td>– </td> <td>36,086 </td> <td>3.37% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,370 </td> <td>0.69% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,525 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,254 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,375 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>223,056 </td> <td>20.80% </td> <td>1,072,218 </td> <td>KS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="2000 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>872,492 </td> <td>56.50% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>638,898 </td> <td>41.37% </td> <td>– </td> <td>23,192 </td> <td>1.50% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,173 </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,896 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>– </td> <td>923 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,533 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>80 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>233,594 </td> <td>15.13% </td> <td>1,544,187 </td> <td>KY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>927,871 </td> <td>52.55% </td> <td>9 </td> <td>792,344 </td> <td>44.88% </td> <td>– </td> <td>20,473 </td> <td>1.16% </td> <td>– </td> <td>14,356 </td> <td>0.81% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,951 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,483 </td> <td>0.31% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,075 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,103 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>135,527 </td> <td>7.68% </td> <td>1,765,656 </td> <td>LA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="2000 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a><sup>†</sup> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>286,616 </td> <td>43.97% </td> <td>– </td> <td>319,951 </td> <td>49.09% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>37,127 </td> <td>5.70% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,443 </td> <td>0.68% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,074 </td> <td>0.47% </td> <td>– </td> <td>579 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>27 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−33,335 </td> <td>−5.11% </td> <td>651,817 </td> <td>ME </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0CEFF; font-style:italic"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Maine%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Maine's 1st congressional district"><abbr title="Maine's 1st congressional district">ME-1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Maine's 1st congressional district</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>148,618 </td> <td>42.59% </td> <td>– </td> <td>176,293 </td> <td>50.52% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>20,297 </td> <td>5.82% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,994 </td> <td>0.57% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,479 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>253 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>17 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−27,675 </td> <td>−7.93% </td> <td>348,951 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">ME-1</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#B0CEFF; font-style:italic"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Maine%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Maine's 2nd congressional district"><abbr title="Maine's 2nd congressional district">ME-2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Maine's 2nd congressional district</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>137,998 </td> <td>45.56% </td> <td>– </td> <td>143,658 </td> <td>47.43% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>16,830 </td> <td>5.56% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,449 </td> <td>0.81% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,595 </td> <td>0.53% </td> <td>– </td> <td>326 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−5,660 </td> <td>−1.87% </td> <td>302,866 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">ME-2</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="2000 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>813,797 </td> <td>40.18% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,145,782 </td> <td>56.57% </td> <td>10 </td> <td>53,768 </td> <td>2.65% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,248 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,310 </td> <td>0.26% </td> <td>– </td> <td>919 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>176 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,480 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−331,985 </td> <td>−16.39% </td> <td>2,025,480 </td> <td>MD </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>878,502 </td> <td>32.50% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,616,487 </td> <td>59.80% </td> <td>12 </td> <td>173,564 </td> <td>6.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,149 </td> <td>0.41% </td> <td>– </td> <td>16,366 </td> <td>0.61% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,884 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,032 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−737,985 </td> <td>−27.30% </td> <td>2,702,984 </td> <td>MA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="2000 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>1,953,139 </td> <td>46.15% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,170,418 </td> <td>51.28% </td> <td>18 </td> <td>84,165 </td> <td>1.99% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,851 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>16,711 </td> <td>0.39% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,791 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,426 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>−217,279 </td> <td>−5.13% </td> <td>4,232,501 </td> <td>MI </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1,109,659 </td> <td>45.50% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,168,266 </td> <td>47.91% </td> <td>10 </td> <td>126,696 </td> <td>5.20% </td> <td>– </td> <td>22,166 </td> <td>0.91% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,282 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,272 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,294 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,050 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−58,607 </td> <td>−2.40% </td> <td>2,438,685 </td> <td>MN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="2000 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>572,844 </td> <td>57.62% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>404,614 </td> <td>40.70% </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,122 </td> <td>0.82% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,265 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,009 </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,267 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>– </td> <td>450 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>613 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>168,230 </td> <td>16.92% </td> <td>994,184 </td> <td>MS </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1,189,924 </td> <td>50.42% </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1,111,138 </td> <td>47.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>38,515 </td> <td>1.63% </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,818 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,436 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,957 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,104 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>78,786 </td> <td>3.34% </td> <td>2,359,892 </td> <td>MO </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>240,178 </td> <td>58.44% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>137,126 </td> <td>33.36% </td> <td>– </td> <td>24,437 </td> <td>5.95% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,697 </td> <td>1.39% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,718 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,155 </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td>– </td> <td>675 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>– </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>103,052 </td> <td>25.07% </td> <td>410,997 </td> <td>MT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="2000 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a><sup>†</sup> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>433,862 </td> <td>62.25% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>231,780 </td> <td>33.25% </td> <td>– </td> <td>24,540 </td> <td>3.52% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,646 </td> <td>0.52% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,245 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>– </td> <td>468 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>478 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>202,082 </td> <td>28.99% </td> <td>697,019 </td> <td>NE </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFB6B6; font-style:italic"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Nebraska's 1st congressional district"><abbr title="Nebraska's 1st congressional district">NE-1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Nebraska's 1st congressional district</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>142,562 </td> <td>58.90% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>86,946 </td> <td>35.92% </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,085 </td> <td>4.17% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,324 </td> <td>0.55% </td> <td>– </td> <td>754 </td> <td>0.31% </td> <td>– </td> <td>167 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>185 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>55,616 </td> <td>22.98% </td> <td>242,023 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">NE-1</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFB6B6; font-style:italic"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Nebraska's 2nd congressional district"><abbr title="Nebraska's 2nd congressional district">NE-2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Nebraska's 2nd congressional district</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>131,485 </td> <td>56.92% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>88,975 </td> <td>38.52% </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,495 </td> <td>3.68% </td> <td>– </td> <td>845 </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td>– </td> <td>925 </td> <td>0.40% </td> <td>– </td> <td>146 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>141 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>42,510 </td> <td>18.40% </td> <td>231,012 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">NE-2</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FFB6B6; font-style:italic"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Nebraska's 3rd congressional district"><abbr title="Nebraska's 3rd congressional district">NE-3</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Nebraska's 3rd congressional district</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>159,815 </td> <td>71.35% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>55,859 </td> <td>24.94% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,960 </td> <td>2.66% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,477 </td> <td>0.66% </td> <td>– </td> <td>566 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>– </td> <td>155 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>152 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>103,956 </td> <td>46.41% </td> <td>223,984 </td> <td><span class="nowrap">NE-3</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="2000 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>301,575 </td> <td>49.52% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>279,978 </td> <td>45.98% </td> <td>– </td> <td>15,008 </td> <td>2.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,747 </td> <td>0.78% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,311 </td> <td>0.54% </td> <td>– </td> <td>621 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>415 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,315 </td> <td>0.54% </td> <td>– </td> <td>21,597 </td> <td>3.55% </td> <td>608,970 </td> <td>NV </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>273,559 </td> <td>48.07% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>266,348 </td> <td>46.80% </td> <td>– </td> <td>22,198 </td> <td>3.90% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,615 </td> <td>0.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,757 </td> <td>0.48% </td> <td>– </td> <td>328 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>55 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,221 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,211 </td> <td>1.27% </td> <td>569,081 </td> <td>NH </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>1,284,173 </td> <td>40.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,788,850 </td> <td>56.13% </td> <td>15 </td> <td>94,554 </td> <td>2.97% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,989 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,312 </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,409 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,215 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,724 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−504,677 </td> <td>−15.83% </td> <td>3,187,226 </td> <td>NJ </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>286,417 </td> <td>47.85% </td> <td>– </td> <td>286,783 </td> <td>47.91% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>21,251 </td> <td>3.55% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,392 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,058 </td> <td>0.34% </td> <td>– </td> <td>343 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>361 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>−366 </td> <td>−0.06% </td> <td>598,605 </td> <td>NM </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>2,403,374 </td> <td>35.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,107,697 </td> <td>60.21% </td> <td>33 </td> <td>244,030 </td> <td>3.58% </td> <td>– </td> <td>31,599 </td> <td>0.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,649 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,498 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>– </td> <td>24,361 </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,791 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−1,704,323 </td> <td>−24.98% </td> <td>6,821,999 </td> <td>NY </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="2000 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>1,631,163 </td> <td>56.03% </td> <td>14 </td> <td>1,257,692 </td> <td>43.20% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,874 </td> <td>0.30% </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,307 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,226 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>373,471 </td> <td>12.83% </td> <td>2,911,262 </td> <td>NC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2000 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>174,852 </td> <td>60.66% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>95,284 </td> <td>33.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,486 </td> <td>3.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,288 </td> <td>2.53% </td> <td>– </td> <td>660 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>373 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>– </td> <td>313 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>79,568 </td> <td>27.60% </td> <td>288,256 </td> <td>ND </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2000 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>2,351,209 </td> <td>49.97% </td> <td>21 </td> <td>2,186,190 </td> <td>46.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>117,857 </td> <td>2.50% </td> <td>– </td> <td>26,724 </td> <td>0.57% </td> <td>– </td> <td>13,475 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,823 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,169 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>– </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>165,019 </td> <td>3.51% </td> <td>4,705,457 </td> <td>OH </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2000 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>744,337 </td> <td>60.31% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>474,276 </td> <td>38.43% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,014 </td> <td>0.73% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,602 </td> <td>0.53% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>270,061 </td> <td>21.88% </td> <td>1,234,229 </td> <td>OK </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="2000 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>713,577 </td> <td>46.52% </td> <td>– </td> <td>720,342 </td> <td>46.96% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>77,357 </td> <td>5.04% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,063 </td> <td>0.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,447 </td> <td>0.49% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,189 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,574 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,419 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−6,765 </td> <td>−0.44% </td> <td>1,533,968 </td> <td>OR </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2000 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>2,281,127 </td> <td>46.43% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,485,967 </td> <td>50.60% </td> <td>23 </td> <td>103,392 </td> <td>2.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>16,023 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,248 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>– </td> <td>14,428 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>934 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−204,840 </td> <td>−4.17% </td> <td>4,913,119 </td> <td>PA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="2000 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>130,555 </td> <td>31.91% </td> <td>– </td> <td>249,508 </td> <td>60.99% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>25,052 </td> <td>6.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,273 </td> <td>0.56% </td> <td>– </td> <td>742 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>– </td> <td>97 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>– </td> <td>271 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>614 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−118,953 </td> <td>−29.08% </td> <td>409,112 </td> <td>RI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2000 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>785,937 </td> <td>56.84% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>565,561 </td> <td>40.90% </td> <td>– </td> <td>20,200 </td> <td>1.46% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,519 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,876 </td> <td>0.35% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,682 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>942 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>220,376 </td> <td>15.94% </td> <td>1,382,717 </td> <td>SC </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2000 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>190,700 </td> <td>60.30% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>118,804 </td> <td>37.56% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,322 </td> <td>1.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,662 </td> <td>0.53% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,781 </td> <td>0.56% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>71,896 </td> <td>22.73% </td> <td>316,269 </td> <td>SD </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="2000 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1,061,949 </td> <td>51.15% </td> <td>11 </td> <td>981,720 </td> <td>47.28% </td> <td>– </td> <td>19,781 </td> <td>0.95% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,250 </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,284 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,015 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>613 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,569 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>80,229 </td> <td>3.86% </td> <td>2,076,181 </td> <td>TN </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>3,799,639 </td> <td>59.30% </td> <td>32 </td> <td>2,433,746 </td> <td>37.98% </td> <td>– </td> <td>137,994 </td> <td>2.15% </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,394 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>– </td> <td>23,160 </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>– </td> <td>567 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>137 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,365,893 </td> <td>21.32% </td> <td>6,407,637 </td> <td>TX </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="2000 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>515,096 </td> <td>66.83% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>203,053 </td> <td>26.34% </td> <td>– </td> <td>35,850 </td> <td>4.65% </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,319 </td> <td>1.21% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,616 </td> <td>0.47% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,709 </td> <td>0.35% </td> <td>– </td> <td>763 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>348 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>312,043 </td> <td>40.49% </td> <td>770,754 </td> <td>UT </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="2000 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>119,775 </td> <td>40.70% </td> <td>– </td> <td>149,022 </td> <td>50.63% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>20,374 </td> <td>6.92% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,192 </td> <td>0.74% </td> <td>– </td> <td>784 </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td>– </td> <td>153 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>– </td> <td>219 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,789 </td> <td>0.61% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−29,247 </td> <td>−9.94% </td> <td>294,308 </td> <td>VT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2000 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>1,437,490 </td> <td>52.47% </td> <td>13 </td> <td>1,217,290 </td> <td>44.44% </td> <td>– </td> <td>59,398 </td> <td>2.17% </td> <td>– </td> <td>5,455 </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td>– </td> <td>15,198 </td> <td>0.55% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,809 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>– </td> <td>171 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,636 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>– </td> <td>220,200 </td> <td>8.04% </td> <td>2,739,447 </td> <td>VA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="2000 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1,108,864 </td> <td>44.58% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,247,652 </td> <td>50.16% </td> <td>11 </td> <td>103,002 </td> <td>4.14% </td> <td>– </td> <td>7,171 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>– </td> <td>13,135 </td> <td>0.53% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,989 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,927 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,693 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−138,788 </td> <td>−5.58% </td> <td>2,487,433 </td> <td>WA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="2000 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>336,475 </td> <td>51.92% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>295,497 </td> <td>45.59% </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,680 </td> <td>1.65% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,169 </td> <td>0.49% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,912 </td> <td>0.30% </td> <td>– </td> <td>23 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>367 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>– </td> <td>40,978 </td> <td>6.32% </td> <td>648,124 </td> <td>WV </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="2000 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1,237,279 </td> <td>47.61% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,242,987 </td> <td>47.83% </td> <td>11 </td> <td>94,070 </td> <td>3.62% </td> <td>– </td> <td>11,471 </td> <td>0.44% </td> <td>– </td> <td>6,640 </td> <td>0.26% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,042 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>– </td> <td>853 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,265 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>– </td> <td>−5,708 </td> <td>−0.22% </td> <td>2,598,607 </td> <td>WI </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="2000 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>147,947 </td> <td>67.76% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>60,481 </td> <td>27.70% </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,625 </td> <td>2.12% </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,724 </td> <td>1.25% </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,443 </td> <td>0.66% </td> <td>– </td> <td>720 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>– </td> <td>411 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>87,466 </td> <td>40.06% </td> <td>218,351 </td> <td>WY </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th scope="row">Totals<sup>†</sup> </th> <th>538 </th> <th>50,456,002 </th> <th>47.86% </th> <th>271 </th> <th>50,999,897 </th> <th>48.38% </th> <th>266 </th> <th>2,882,955 </th> <th>2.74% </th> <th>– </th> <th>448,895 </th> <th>0.43% </th> <th>– </th> <th>384,431* </th> <th>0.36%* </th> <th>– </th> <th>98,020 </th> <th>0.09% </th> <th>– </th> <th>83,714 </th> <th>0.08% </th> <th>– </th> <th>51,186 </th> <th>0.05% </th> <th>– </th> <th>−543,895 </th> <th>−0.52% </th> <th>105,405,100 </th> <th>US </th></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><sup>†</sup>Maine and Nebraska each allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates. In both states, two electoral votes are awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote is awarded to the winner of each congressional district. The votes for each candidate are only singly counted in the column totals.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nebraska_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nebraska-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>*The <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Arizona">Libertarian Party of Arizona</a> had ballot access but opted to supplant Browne with <a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a>. In Arizona, Smith received 5,775 votes, or 0.38% of the Arizona vote. Adding Smith's 5,775 votes to Browne's 384,431 votes nationwide, the total votes cast for president for the Libertarian Party in 2000 was 390,206, or 0.37% of the national vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_that_flipped_from_Democratic_to_Republican">States that flipped from Democratic to Republican</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Democratic to Republican"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Close_states">Close states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Close states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#1560BD; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px #AAAAAA solid;background-color:#E32636; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div> <p>States where the margin of victory was less than 1% (55 electoral votes):<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><span style="color:red;"><b>Florida, 0.009% (537 votes)</b></span> <i>(tipping point state)</i></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Mexico, 0.061% (366 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Wisconsin, 0.22% (5,708 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Iowa, 0.31% (4,144 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Oregon, 0.44% (6,765 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p>States where the margin of victory was more than 1% but less than 5% (84 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:red;"><b>New Hampshire, 1.27% (7,211 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine's 2nd Congressional District, 1.87% (5,660 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Minnesota, 2.41% (58,607 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Missouri, 3.34% (78,786 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Ohio, 3.51% (165,019 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Nevada, 3.54% (21,597 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Tennessee, 3.87% (80,229 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Pennsylvania, 4.17% (204,840 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p>States where the margin of victory was more than 5% but less than 10% (84 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine, 5.12% (33,335 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Michigan, 5.14% (217,279 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Arkansas, 5.45% (50,172 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Washington, 5.57% (138,788 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Arizona, 6.28% (96,311 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>West Virginia, 6.33% (40,978 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Louisiana, 7.67% (135,527 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine's 1st Congressional District, 7.93% (27,675 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Virginia, 8.03% (220,200 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Colorado, 8.36% (145,518 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Vermont, 9.93% (29,247 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistics">Statistics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Glasscock_County,_Texas" title="Glasscock County, Texas">Glasscock County, Texas</a> 92.47%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Ochiltree_County,_Texas" title="Ochiltree County, Texas">Ochiltree County, Texas</a> 90.72%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Hansford_County,_Texas" title="Hansford County, Texas">Hansford County, Texas</a> 89.75%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Harding_County,_South_Dakota" title="Harding County, South Dakota">Harding County, South Dakota</a> 88.92%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Montana" title="Carter County, Montana">Carter County, Montana</a> 88.84% </span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Alabama" title="Macon County, Alabama">Macon County, Alabama</a> 86.80%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx County, New York</a> 86.28%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Oglala_Lakota_County,_South_Dakota" title="Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota">Shannon County, South Dakota</a> 85.36%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> 85.16%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">City of Baltimore, Maryland</a> 82.52%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_Colorado" title="San Miguel County, Colorado">San Miguel County, Colorado</a> 17.20%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/wiki/Missoula_County,_Montana" title="Missoula County, Montana">Missoula County, Montana</a> 15.03%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_County,_Utah" title="Grand County, Utah">Grand County, Utah</a> 14.94%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino County, California</a> 14.68%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:green;"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire County, Massachusetts</a> 14.59%</span></b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voter_demographics">Voter demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Voter demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>The 2000 presidential vote by demographic subgroup </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Demographic subgroup </th> <th style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Gore </th> <th style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Bush </th> <th style="background-color:#DCDCDC">Other </th> <th>% of<br />total vote </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total vote </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">48 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">48 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Ideology </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberals</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">81 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">13 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Moderates" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderates">Moderates</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">53 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">45 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatives</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">17 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">82 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Party </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">87 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">11 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">8 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">91 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(voter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (voter)">Independents</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">46 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">48 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Gender </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Men </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">43 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">54 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Women </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">54 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">44 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Race </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">42 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>81 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">90 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">9 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">55 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">41 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">62 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">35 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Age </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">18–24 years old </th> <td style="background:#d0c0d7;">47 </td> <td style="background:#d0c0d7;">47 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">25–29 years old </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">49 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">46 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">30–49 years old </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">48 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">50 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>45 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">50–64 years old </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">50 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">48 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">65 and older </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">51 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">47 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Sexual orientation </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">Gay, lesbian, or bisexual</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">71 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">25 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexual</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">47 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">50 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>96 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Family income </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Under $15,000 </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">58 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">38 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">$15,000–30,000 </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">54 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">42 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">$30,000–50,000 </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">49 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">48 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">$50,000–75,000 </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">46 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">51 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">$75,000–100,000 </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">46 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">52 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Over $100,000 </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">43 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">55 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Region </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">East</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">56 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">40 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">48 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">49 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">43 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">56 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">49 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">47 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Union households </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Union</a> </th> <td style="background:#b0ceff;">59 </td> <td style="background:#fff3f3;">37 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-union </th> <td style="background:#f0f0ff;">45 </td> <td style="background:#ffb6b6;">53 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>74 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <a href="/wiki/Voter_News_Service" title="Voter News Service">Voter News Service</a> exit poll from the <a href="/wiki/Roper_Center_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="Roper Center for Public Opinion Research">Roper Center for Public Opinion Research</a> (<small>13,225 surveyed</small>)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Florida was decided and Gore conceded, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Texas Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> became the <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a> and began forming his <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_transition" title="United States presidential transition">transition</a> committee.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a speech on December 13, in the Texas House of Representatives chamber,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bush stated he was reaching across party lines to bridge a divided America, saying, "the President of the United States is the President of every single American, of every race, and every background."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election was one of only two U.S. presidential elections since the Democrats and Republicans became the two major parties in U.S. politics in which the winner did not carry any of the three <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a> states of <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="2000 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2000 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="2000 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>; the other was <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>, when Bush was reelected.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-recount">Post-recount</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Post-recount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 6, 2001, a <a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">joint session of Congress</a> met to certify the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral vote</a>. Twenty members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, most of them members of the all-Democratic <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a>, rose one by one to file objections to the electoral votes of Florida. But pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a>, any such objection had to be sponsored by both a representative and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senator</a>. No senator co-sponsored these objections, deferring to the Supreme Court's ruling. Therefore, Gore, who presided in his capacity as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President of the Senate</a>, ruled each of these objections out of order.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the joint session of Congress on January 7, 2001, certified the electoral votes from all 50 states and the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bush took the oath of office on January 20, 2001. He served for the next eight years. Gore has not, as of 2024, considered another presidential run, endorsing <a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a>'s candidacy during the 2004 Democratic primary and remaining neutral in the Democratic primaries of 2008, 2016 and 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first independent recount of undervotes was conducted by the <i>Miami Herald</i> and <i>USA Today</i>. The commission found that under most scenarios for completion of the initiated recounts, Bush would have won the election, but Gore would have won using the most generous standards for undervotes.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, a media consortium—comprising <i>The New York Times</i>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>, Tribune Co. (parent of the <i>Los Angeles Times</i>), Associated Press, CNN, <i>The Palm Beach Post</i> and the <i>St. Petersburg Times</i><sup id="cite_ref-fair2002_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fair2002-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—hired <a href="/wiki/National_Opinion_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Opinion Research Center">NORC</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to examine 175,010 ballots collected from the entire state, not just the disputed counties that were recounted; these ballots contained undervotes (ballots with no machine-detected choice made for president) and overvotes (ballots with more than one choice marked). Their goal was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the systems used for the voting process. Based on the NORC review, the media group concluded that if the disputes over all the ballots in question had been resolved by applying statewide any of five standards that would have met Florida's legal standard for recounts, the electoral result would have been reversed and Gore would have won by 60 to 171 votes. (Any analysis of NORC data requires, for each punch ballot, at least two of the three ballot reviewers' codes to agree or instead, for all three to agree.) For all undervotes and overvotes statewide, these five standards are:<sup id="cite_ref-battle_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freemanbleifuss_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freemanbleifuss-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Prevailing standard – accepts at least one detached corner of a chad and all affirmative marks on optical scan ballots.</li> <li>County-by-county standard – applies each county's own standards independently.</li> <li>Two-corner standard – accepts at least two detached corners of a chad and all affirmative marks on optical scan ballots.</li> <li>Most restrictive standard – accepts only so-called perfect ballots that machines somehow missed and did not count, or ballots with unambiguous expressions of voter intent.</li> <li>Most inclusive standard – applies uniform criteria of "dimple or better" on punch marks and all affirmative marks on optical scan ballots.</li></ul> <p>Such a statewide review including all uncounted votes was a tangible possibility, as Leon County Circuit Court Judge <a href="/wiki/Terry_Lewis_(Florida_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terry Lewis (Florida judge)">Terry Lewis</a>, whom the Florida Supreme Court had assigned to oversee the statewide recount, had scheduled a hearing for December 13 (mooted by the U.S. Supreme Court's final ruling on the 12th) to consider the question of including overvotes as well as undervotes. Subsequent statements by Lewis and internal court documents support the likelihood of including overvotes in the recount.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek2001_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek2001-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a> professor of public policy Lance deHaven-Smith observed that, even considering only undervotes, "under any of the five most reasonable interpretations of the Florida Supreme Court ruling, Gore does, in fact, more than make up the deficit".<sup id="cite_ref-battle_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fairness_and_Accuracy_in_Reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting">Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting</a>'s analysis of the NORC study and media coverage of it supports these interpretations and criticizes the coverage of the study by media outlets such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and the other media consortium members.<sup id="cite_ref-fair2002_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fair2002-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further, according to sociologists <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Uggen" title="Christopher Uggen">Christopher Uggen</a> and Jeff Manza, the 2000 election might have gone to Gore if the disenfranchised population of Florida had voted. Florida law disenfranchises convicted felons, requiring individual applications to regain suffrage. In a 2002 <i>American Sociological Review</i> article, Uggen and Manza found that the released felon vote could have altered the outcome of seven senatorial races between 1978 and 2000, and the 2000 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matt Ford noted their study concluded, "if the state's 827,000 disenfranchised felons had voted at the same rate as other Floridians, Democratic candidate Al Gore would have won Florida—and the presidency—by more than 80,000 votes."<sup id="cite_ref-restore_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-restore-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effect of Florida's law is such that in 2014, purportedly "[m]ore than one in ten Floridians—and nearly one in four African-American Floridians—are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_machines">Voting machines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Voting machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because the 2000 presidential election was so close in Florida, the federal government and state governments pushed for <a href="/wiki/Election_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Election reform">election reform</a> to be prepared by the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>. Many of Florida's 2000 election night problems stemmed from <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a> and ballot design factors with voting systems, including the potentially confusing "<a href="/wiki/Butterfly_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfly ballot">butterfly ballot</a>." Many voters had difficulties with the paper-based <a href="/wiki/Voting_machine#Punch_card" title="Voting machine">punch card</a> voting machines and were either unable to understand the voting process or unable to perform it. This resulted in an unusual number of <a href="/wiki/Overvote" title="Overvote">overvotes</a> (voting for more candidates than is allowed) and <a href="/wiki/Undervote" title="Undervote">undervotes</a> (voting for fewer than the minimum candidates, including none at all). Many undervotes were caused by voter error, unmaintained punch card voting booths, or errors having to do merely with the characteristics of punch card ballots (resulting in hanging, dimpled, or pregnant <a href="/wiki/Chad_(paper)" title="Chad (paper)">chads</a>). </p><p>Post-election analyses of Florida voting data found higher rates of ballot spoilage in Florida counties with larger numbers of African Americans, especially in Duval County, with its "caterpillar ballot", in which the presidential section stretched across multiple pages.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A proposed solution to these problems was the installation of modern <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">electronic voting</a> machines. The 2000 presidential election spurred the debate about election and voting reform but did not end it. </p><p>In the aftermath of the election, the <a href="/wiki/Help_America_Vote_Act" title="Help America Vote Act">Help America Vote Act</a> (HAVA) was passed to help states upgrade their election technology in the hopes of preventing similar problems in future elections. But the electronic voting systems that many states purchased to comply with HAVA actually caused problems in the 2004 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exit_polling_and_declaration_of_vote_winners">Exit polling and declaration of vote winners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Exit polling and declaration of vote winners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Voter_News_Service" title="Voter News Service">Voter News Service</a>'s reputation was damaged by its treatment of Florida's presidential vote in 2000. Breaking its own guidelines,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> VNS called the state as a win for Gore 12 minutes before polls closed in the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Panhandle">Florida Panhandle</a>. Although most of the state is in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Time Zone</a>, counties in the Panhandle, in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central Time Zone</a>, had not yet closed their polls. Discrepancies between the results of exit polls and the actual vote count caused the VNS to change its call twice, first from Gore to Bush and then to "too close to call." Due in part to this (and other polling inaccuracies) the VNS was disbanded in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Bush adviser <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Karl Rove</a>, exit polls early in the afternoon on election day showed Gore winning by three percentage points, but when the networks called the state for Gore, Bush led by about 75,000 votes in raw tallies from the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Secretary of State">Florida Secretary of State</a>. </p><p>Charges of media bias were leveled against the networks by Republicans, who claimed that the networks called states more quickly for Al Gore than for George W. Bush. Congress held hearings on this matter,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at which the networks claimed to have no intentional bias in their election night reporting. A study of the calls made on election night 2000 indicated that states carried by Gore were called more quickly than states won by Bush;<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, notable states carried by Bush, such as New Hampshire and Florida, were very close, and close states won by Gore, such as Iowa, Oregon, New Mexico and Wisconsin, were called late as well.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early call of Florida for Gore has been alleged to have cost Bush several close states, including Iowa, New Mexico, Oregon, and Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In each of these states, Gore won by less than 10,000 votes, and the polls closed after the networks called Florida for Gore. Because the Florida call was widely seen as an indicator that Gore had won the election, researcher John Lott said it was possible that the call depressed Republican turnout in these states during the final hours of voting, giving Gore the slim margin by which he carried each of them.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lott's survey assumed that the turnout in the Panhandle counties, which was 65%, would have equaled the statewide average of 68% if the state had not been called for Gore while the polls were still open. But the relatively smaller turnout percentage in the Panhandle has been attributed to the surge in the black vote elsewhere in Florida to 16% of the total, from 10% of the total in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-crow_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crow-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research by Henry Brady and David Collier strongly disputed Lott's findings.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady,_Henry_E._2004_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady,_Henry_E._2004-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brady and Collier sharply criticized Lott's methodology and claimed that when all relevant factors are accounted for, Bush was likely cost only between 28 and 56 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-Brady,_Henry_E._2004_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brady,_Henry_E._2004-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ralph_Nader_spoiler_controversy">Ralph Nader spoiler controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Ralph Nader spoiler controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_presidential_campaign,_2000#The_spoiler_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2000">Ralph Nader presidential campaign, 2000 § The spoiler controversy</a></div> <p>Many Gore supporters claimed that third-party candidate Nader acted as a <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiler</a> in the election, under the presumption that Nader voters would have voted for Gore had Nader not been in the race.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nader received 2.74% of the popular vote nationwide, including 97,000 votes in Florida (by comparison, there were 111,251 <a href="/wiki/Overvotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Overvotes">overvotes</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 22,000 in New Hampshire, where Bush beat Gore by 7,000 votes. Winning either state would have made Gore president. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Tomorrow" title="Tom Tomorrow">Dan Perkins</a> agreed and said that the margin in Florida was small enough that Democrats could blame any number of third-party candidates for the defeat, including <a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a>, who received 1,500 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nader's reputation was hurt by this perception, which may have hindered his goals as an activist. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i> wrote about the so-called "rank-and-file liberals" who saw Nader negatively after the election and pointed out that <a href="/wiki/Public_Citizen" title="Public Citizen">Public Citizen</a>, the organization Nader founded in 1971, suffered a drop in contributions. <i>Mother Jones</i> also cited a Public Citizen letter sent out to people interested in Nader's relation with the organization at that time, with the disclaimer: "Although Ralph Nader was our founder, he has not held an official position in the organization since 1980 and does not serve on the board. Public Citizen—and the other groups that Mr. Nader founded—act independently."<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press_influence_on_race">Press influence on race</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Press influence on race"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In their 2007 book <i>The Nightly News Nightmare: Network Television's Coverage of US Presidential Elections, 1988–2004</i>, professors Stephen J. Farnsworth and S. Robert Lichter said that most media outlets influenced the outcome of the election through the use of <a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">horse race journalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some liberal supporters of Al Gore argued that the media had a bias against Gore and in favor of Bush. Peter Hart and Jim Naureckas, two commentators for <a href="/wiki/Fairness_and_Accuracy_in_Reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting">Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting</a> (FAIR), called the media "serial exaggerators" and took the view that several media outlets were constantly exaggerating criticism of Gore:<sup id="cite_ref-ipqvzww_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipqvzww-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they further argued that the media falsely claimed Gore lied when he claimed he spoke in an overcrowded science class in Sarasota, Florida,<sup id="cite_ref-ipqvzww_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipqvzww-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the media gave Bush a pass on certain issues, such as Bush allegedly exaggerating how much money he signed into the annual Texas state budget to help the uninsured during his second debate with Gore in October 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-ipqvzww_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipqvzww-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the April 2000 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a></i>, columnist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Parry_(journalist)" title="Robert Parry (journalist)">Robert Parry</a> wrote that media outlets exaggerated Gore's supposed claim that he "discovered" the <a href="/wiki/Love_Canal" title="Love Canal">Love Canal</a> neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls, New York</a> during a campaign speech in Concord, New Hampshire on November 30, 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-kqvz_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kqvz-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he had only claimed he "found" it after it was already evacuated in 1978 because of chemical contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-kqvz_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kqvz-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> columnist <a href="/wiki/Eric_Boehlert" title="Eric Boehlert">Eric Boehlert</a> also alleged media outlets exaggerated criticism of Gore as early as July 22, 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-ipqkva_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipqkva-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Gore, known for being an environmentalist, had a friend release 500 million gallons of water into a drought-stricken river to help keep his boat afloat for a photo shoot;<sup id="cite_ref-ipqkva_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipqkva-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boehlert claimed that media outlets exaggerated the actual number of gallons that were released, as they claimed it was 4 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-ipqkva_123-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipqkva-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_future_elections_and_the_Supreme_Court">Effects on future elections and the Supreme Court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Effects on future elections and the Supreme Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of subsequent articles have characterized the election in 2000, and the Supreme Court's decision in <i>Bush v. Gore</i>, as damaging the reputation of the Supreme Court, increasing the view of judges as partisan, and decreasing Americans' trust in the integrity of elections.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-slate.com_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate.com-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of lawsuits brought over election issues more than doubled following the 2000 election cycle, an increase Richard L. Hasen of UC Irvine School of Law attributes to the "Florida fiasco".<sup id="cite_ref-slate.com_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate.com-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blue_iPod_Nano.jpg/12px-Blue_iPod_Nano.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blue_iPod_Nano.jpg/18px-Blue_iPod_Nano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blue_iPod_Nano.jpg/24px-Blue_iPod_Nano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="798" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:2000s" title="Portal:2000s">2000s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2000 United States gubernatorial elections">2000 United States gubernatorial elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">2000 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">2000 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">First inauguration of George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_close_election_results" title="List of close election results">List of close election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader%27s_presidential_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Nader's presidential campaigns">Ralph Nader's presidential campaigns</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Abstention_of_One_Elector-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abstention_of_One_Elector_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Electors were elected to all 538 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College#Apportionment" title="United States Electoral College">apportioned</a> positions; however, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lett-Simmons" title="Barbara Lett-Simmons">an elector</a> from the District of Columbia pledged to the Gore/Lieberman ticket <a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">abstained</a> from casting a vote for president or vice president, bringing the total number of electoral votes cast to 537.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Discrepancy_Between_Pledged_Elector_Tally_and_Electoral_Vote_for_Gore/Lieberman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Discrepancy_Between_Pledged_Elector_Tally_and_Electoral_Vote_for_Gore/Lieberman_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">267 electors pledged to the Gore/Lieberman ticket were elected; however, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lett-Simmons" title="Barbara Lett-Simmons">an elector</a> from the District of Columbia <a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">abstained</a> from casting a vote for president or vice president, bringing the ticket's total number of electoral votes to 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abstention-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abstention_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abstention_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">One <a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">faithless elector</a> from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lett-Simmons" title="Barbara Lett-Simmons">Barbara Lett-Simmons</a>, abstained from voting in <a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">protest</a> of the District's lack of voting representation in the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">United States Congress</a>. Washington, D.C. has a <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(United_States_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegate (United States Congress)">non-voting delegate</a> to Congress. She had been expected to vote for Gore/Lieberman.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present"</a>. <i>United States Election Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Election+Project&rft.atitle=National+General+Election+VEP+Turnout+Rates%2C+1789-Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electproject.org%2Fnational-1789-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPruitt" class="citation web cs1">Pruitt, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/7-most-contentious-u-s-presidential-elections">"7 Most Contentious U.S. Presidential Elections"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427112856/https://www.history.com/news/7-most-contentious-u-s-presidential-elections">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=7+Most+Contentious+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.aulast=Pruitt&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2F7-most-contentious-u-s-presidential-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddad2016" class="citation web cs1">Haddad, Ken (November 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/elections/5-of-the-closest-presidential-elections-in-us-history">"5 of the closest Presidential elections in US history"</a>. <i>WDIV</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110183524/https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/elections/5-of-the-closest-presidential-elections-in-us-history">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WDIV&rft.atitle=5+of+the+closest+Presidential+elections+in+US+history&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.aulast=Haddad&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickondetroit.com%2Fnews%2Felections%2F5-of-the-closest-presidential-elections-in-us-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFain" class="citation web cs1">Fain, Thom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fosters.com/zz/elections/20161101/5-of-closest-presidential-elections-in-us-history/1">"5 of the closest presidential elections in U.S. history"</a>. <i>fosters.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110183510/https://www.fosters.com/zz/elections/20161101/5-of-closest-presidential-elections-in-us-history/1">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fosters.com&rft.atitle=5+of+the+closest+presidential+elections+in+U.S.+history&rft.aulast=Fain&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fosters.com%2Fzz%2Felections%2F20161101%2F5-of-closest-presidential-elections-in-us-history%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2017" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Richard (July 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2017/07/23/top-9-closest-us-presidential-elections-since-1945/">"Top 9 closest US presidential elections since 1945"</a>. <i>Here Is The City</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110133656/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2017/07/23/top-9-closest-us-presidential-elections-since-1945/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Here+Is+The+City&rft.atitle=Top+9+closest+US+presidential+elections+since+1945&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitc.com%2Fen-gb%2F2017%2F07%2F23%2Ftop-9-closest-us-presidential-elections-since-1945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolterJergovicMooreMurphy2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wolter, Kirk; Jergovic, Diana; Moore, Whitney; Murphy, Joe; O'Muircheartaigh, Colm (February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318154912/http://www.amstat.org/misc/PresidentialElectionBallots.pdf">"Statistical Practice: Reliability of the Uncertified Ballots in the 2000 Presidential Election in Florida"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The American Statistician</i>. <b>57</b> (1). American Statistical Association: 1–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1198%2F0003130031144">10.1198/0003130031144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1305">0003-1305</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3087271">3087271</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120778921">120778921</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amstat.org/misc/PresidentialElectionBallots.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Elections+2000%3A+2000+Presidential+Electoral+and+Popular+Vote+Table&rft.pub=Federal+Election+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransition.fec.gov%2Fpubrec%2Ffe2000%2Felecpop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)"><i>Frontline</i></a>. Boston. October 12, 2004. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gwu.edu&rft.atitle=Iowa+Caucuses&rft.date=2000-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fp2000.us%2Fchrniowa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/27/us/the-2000-campaign-crushed-in-iowa-hatch-abandons-campaign-and-endorses-bush.html">"The 2000 Campaign; Crushed in Iowa, Hatch Abandons Campaign and Endorses Bush"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. January 27, 2000. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220501031435/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/27/us/the-2000-campaign-crushed-in-iowa-hatch-abandons-campaign-and-endorses-bush.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+2000+Campaign%3B+Crushed+in+Iowa%2C+Hatch+Abandons+Campaign+and+Endorses+Bush&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2000-01-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F01%2F27%2Fus%2Fthe-2000-campaign-crushed-in-iowa-hatch-abandons-campaign-and-endorses-bush.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_Evan_and_Isikoff,_Michael2000" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Evan_Thomas" title="Evan Thomas">Thomas, Evan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Isikoff" title="Michael Isikoff">Isikoff, Michael</a> (March 5, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/id/83219?tid=relatedcl">"How McCain Does It"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=How+McCain+Does+It&rft.date=2000-03-05&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Evan+and+Isikoff%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F83219%3Ftid%3Drelatedcl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalz2000" class="citation news cs1">Balz, Dan (February 2, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/2000-02/02/012r-020200-idx.html">"McCain Stuns Bush in N.H. 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Retrieved 2015-06-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroderAllen2000" class="citation news cs1">Broder, David S.; Allen, Mike (February 28, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/02/28/bush-cites-regret-on-bob-jones/ae6ee98e-cef3-4acf-b576-3e7e69a9f57c/">"Bush Cites Regret on Bob Jones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=McCain+Attacks+Two+Leaders+of+Christian+Right&rft.date=2000-02-29&rft.aulast=Timberg&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Blum%2C+Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2000%2F02%2F29%2Fmccain-attacks-two-leaders-of-christian-right%2F0bf3e70f-8859-499c-9cfa-79d3417e03d9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-virginia-loves-george/">"Why Virginia Loves George"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. February 29, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118192828/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-virginia-loves-george/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Why+Virginia+Loves+George&rft.date=2000-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fwhy-virginia-loves-george%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2000/7/22/19519524/cheney-changes-voter-registration-boosts-bush-running-mate-chances">"Cheney changes voter registration, boosts Bush running mate chances"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. July 22, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Cheney+changes+voter+registration%2C+boosts+Bush+running+mate+chances&rft.date=2000-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2000%2F7%2F22%2F19519524%2Fcheney-changes-voter-registration-boosts-bush-running-mate-chances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/12/13/kerrey/">"West Memphis Kerrey bows out of 2000 presidential race"</a>. CNN. December 13, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071228114246/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/12/13/kerrey/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=West+Memphis+Kerrey+bows+out+of+2000+presidential+race&rft.date=1998-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FALLPOLITICS%2Fstories%2F1998%2F12%2F13%2Fkerrey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">York, Anthony (September 2, 1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/09/02/beatty/index.html">"Life of the Party?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015093716/http://salon.com/news/feature/1999/09/02/beatty/index.html">Archived</a> October 15, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Salon News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDessauer1998" class="citation news cs1">Dessauer, Carin (April 8, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/08/wellstone/index.html">"Wellstone Launches Presidential Exploratory Committee"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071230075616/http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/08/wellstone/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wellstone+Launches+Presidential+Exploratory+Committee&rft.date=1998-04-08&rft.aulast=Dessauer&rft.aufirst=Carin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FALLPOLITICS%2F1998%2F04%2F08%2Fwellstone%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoreLiebermanCNN-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoreLiebermanCNN_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081105210049/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/07/gore.lieberman/index.html">"Gore, Lieberman prepare for public debut of Democratic ticket"</a>. CNN. August 8, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/07/gore.lieberman/index.html">the original</a> on November 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gore%2C+Lieberman+prepare+for+public+debut+of+Democratic+ticket&rft.date=2000-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2000%2FALLPOLITICS%2Fstories%2F08%2F07%2Fgore.lieberman%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indy_weekly-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indy_weekly_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104184456/http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A266409">"Q&A with Socialist Party presidential candidate Brian Moore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Weekly">Independent Weekly</a></i>. October 8, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A266409">the original</a> on January 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent+Weekly&rft.atitle=Q%26A+with+Socialist+Party+presidential+candidate+Brian+Moore&rft.date=2008-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indyweek.com%2Fgyrobase%2FContent%3Foid%3Doid%253A266409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Buchanan/Foster ticket did not appear in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">D.C.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/News/20000625-0.html">"Green Party Presidential Ticket – President: Ralph Nader, Vice President: Winona LaDuke"</a>. Thegreenpapers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101106153513/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/News/20000625-0.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Party+Presidential+Ticket+%E2%80%93+President%3A+Ralph+Nader%2C+Vice+President%3A+Winona+LaDuke&rft.pub=Thegreenpapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FNews%2F20000625-0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/News/20000702-0.html">"Libertarian Party Presidential Ticket – President: Harry Browne, Vice President: Art Olivier"</a>. The Green Papers. July 3, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101106153457/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/News/20000702-0.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Party+Presidential+Ticket+%E2%80%93+President%3A+Harry+Browne%2C+Vice+President%3A+Art+Olivier&rft.pub=The+Green+Papers&rft.date=2000-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FNews%2F20000702-0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/News/20000702-0.html">"Libertarian Party Presidential Ticket"</a>. The Green Papers. July 2, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928212155/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/News/20000702-0.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Party+Presidential+Ticket&rft.pub=The+Green+Papers&rft.date=2000-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FNews%2F20000702-0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web.archive.org-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-web.archive.org_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020917230202/http://ballot-access.org/2000/status.html">"Bob Bickford "2000 Presidential Status Summary (table)" <i>Ballot Access News</i> June 29, 2000"</a>. October 1, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2000/status.html">the original</a> on September 17, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bob+Bickford+%222000+Presidential+Status+Summary+%28table%29%22+Ballot+Access+News+June+29%2C+2000&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2000%2Fstatus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Winger" title="Richard Winger">Richard Winger</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2000/1001.html#17">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Natural Law Convention" <i>Ballot Access News</i> October 1, 2000, Volume 16, Number 7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020618140231/http://ballot-access.org/2000/1001.html#17">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2002</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Natural+Law+Convention%22+Ballot+Access+News+October+1%2C+2000%2C+Volume+16%2C+Number+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2000%2F1001.html%2317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403122916/http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2000b.html">"The Second Gore-Bush Presidential Debate"</a>. <i>2000 Debate Transcript</i>. Commission on Presidential Debates. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2000b.html">the original</a> on April 3, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2000+Debate+Transcript&rft.atitle=The+Second+Gore-Bush+Presidential+Debate&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debates.org%2Fpages%2Ftrans2000b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080730055332/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/">"Election 2000 Archive"</a>. CNN/AllPolitics.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/">the original</a> on July 30, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Election+2000+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FELECTION%2F2000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRather2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather, Dan</a> (August 9, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/out-of-the-shadows-09-08-2000/">"Out of the Shadows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214103931/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/08/09/politics/main223151.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Out+of+the+Shadows&rft.date=2000-08-09&rft.aulast=Rather&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fout-of-the-shadows-09-08-2000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E3D6123EF933A1575BC0A9669C8B63">When a Kiss Isn't Just a Kiss</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080903133553/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E3D6123EF933A1575BC0A9669C8B63">Archived</a> September 3, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. August 20, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greens.org/s-r/25/25-03.html">"Gore's Defeat: Don't Blame Nader"</a>. Greens.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510025027/http://www.greens.org/s-r/25/25-03.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Why+Gore+%28Probably%29+Lost&rft.date=2000-11-08&rft.aulast=Weisberg&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F1006450%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cH7Y52A74vs">"YouTube"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220133836/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cH7Y52A74vs">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcH7Y52A74vs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nader-assails-major-parties/">"Nader assails major parties: scoffs at charge he drains liberal vote"</a>. <i>CBS</i>. Associated Press. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2008</span>. <q>There is a difference between Tweedledum and Tweedledee, but not that much.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS&rft.atitle=Nader+assails+major+parties%3A+scoffs+at+charge+he+drains+liberal+vote&rft.date=2000-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnader-assails-major-parties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0010/26/nsst.00.html">"CNN Transcript - CNN NewsStand: Presidential Race Intensifies; Gore Campaign Worried Ralph Nader Could Swing Election to Bush - October 26, 2000"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220122806/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0010/26/nsst.00.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+2000+Campaign%3A+Campaign+Briefing+Published&rft.date=2000-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9901E2DB1F30F936A3575AC0A9669C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2000-debates">"CPD: 2000 Debates"</a>. <i>www.debates.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145524/https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=2000-debates">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 270–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195343342" title="Special:BookSources/9780195343342"><bdi>9780195343342</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172833/https://books.google.com/books?id=c4UoX6-Sv1AC&q=%22fuzzy+math%22&pg=PA271">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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W. W. 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No. 00-949 (00A504) Bush v. Gore, On Application For Stay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. December 9, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114002000/http://election2000.law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/00-949x.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Calling" States in the 2000 Presidential Election"</a>. <i>Public Choice</i>. <b>118</b> (1/2): 53–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3APUCH.0000013793.82613.60">10.1023/B:PUCH.0000013793.82613.60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-5829">0048-5829</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30025921">30025921</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51066655">51066655</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221001104/https://www.jstor.org/stable/30025921">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Choice&rft.atitle=Are+the+Networks+Biased%3F+%22Calling%22+States+in+the+2000+Presidential+Election&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=53-59&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0048-5829&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51066655%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30025921%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3APUCH.0000013793.82613.60&rft.aulast=Mixon&rft.aufirst=J.+Wilson&rft.au=Sen%2C+Amit&rft.au=Stephenson%2C+E.+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30025921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Uscinski" title="Joseph Uscinski">Joseph Uscinski</a>. 2007. 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February 14, 2001. pp. 29, 139. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331185052/https://www.congress.gov/107/chrg/CHRG-107hhrg71490/CHRG-107hhrg71490.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Election+Night+Coverage+by+the+Networks&rft.pages=29%2C+139&rft.date=2001-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F107%2Fchrg%2FCHRG-107hhrg71490%2FCHRG-107hhrg71490.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLott_Jr.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Lott Jr., John (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30026690">"The Impact of Early Media Election Calls on Republican Voting Rates in Florida's Western Panhandle Counties in 2000"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Choice_(journal)" title="Public Choice (journal)">Public Choice</a></i>. <b>123</b> (3/4): 349–361. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11127-005-7166-1">10.1007/s11127-005-7166-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30026690">30026690</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240601000030/https://www.jstor.org/stable/30026690">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Choice&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Early+Media+Election+Calls+on+Republican+Voting+Rates+in+Florida%27s+Western+Panhandle+Counties+in+2000&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=349-361&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11127-005-7166-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30026690%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lott+Jr.&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30026690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crow-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crow_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenfield2001" class="citation book cs1">Greenfield, Jeff (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ohwaiteroneorder00gree"><i>Oh, Waiter! One Order of Crow!</i></a></span>. New York: G. P. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Overvote+county+summary&rft.date=2001-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2001-05-10-overvotetable.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerronLewis2007" class="citation journal cs1">Herron, Michael C.; Lewis, Jeffrey B. (August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316125745/http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/lewis/pdf/greenreform9.pdf">"Did Ralph Nader spoil Al Gore's Presidential bid? 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(2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nightlynewsnight0000farn"><i>The Nightly News Nightmare: Network Television's Coverage of US Presidential Elections, 1988–2004</i></a></span>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nightlynewsnight0000farn/page/n174">159</a>–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742553774" title="Special:BookSources/9780742553774"><bdi>9780742553774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nightly+News+Nightmare%3A+Network+Television%27s+Coverage+of+US+Presidential+Elections%2C+1988%E2%80%932004&rft.pages=159-160&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780742553774&rft.au=Farnsworth%2C+S.J.&rft.au=Lichter%2C+S.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnightlynewsnight0000farn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipqvzww-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ipqvzww_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipqvzww_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipqvzww_121-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartNaureckas2001" class="citation news cs1">Hart, Peter; Naureckas, Jim (January 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fair.org/extra/serial-exaggerators/">"Serial Exaggerators: Media's double standard on political lying"</a>. FAIR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220045744/http://fair.org/extra/serial-exaggerators/">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Serial+Exaggerators%3A+Media%27s+double+standard+on+political+lying&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Naureckas%2C+Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffair.org%2Fextra%2Fserial-exaggerators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kqvz-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kqvz_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kqvz_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Parry, Robert (April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131115051407/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2000/0004.parry.html">"He's No Pinocchio: How the press exaggerated Al Gores exaggerations"</a>. <i>Washington Monthly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2000/0004.parry.html">the original</a> on November 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=He%27s+No+Pinocchio%3A+How+the+press+exaggerated+Al+Gores+exaggerations&rft.date=2000-04&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonmonthly.com%2Ffeatures%2F2000%2F0004.parry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipqkva-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ipqkva_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipqkva_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipqkva_123-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Boehlert" title="Eric Boehlert">Boehlert, Eric</a>, (December 6, 2001), "The Press v. Al Gore", <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/ct-xpm-2012-07-02-ct-oped-0702-krauthammer-20120702-17-story.html">"Why Roberts did it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. July 2, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703052113/https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/ct-xpm-2012-07-02-ct-oped-0702-krauthammer-20120702-17-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Why+Roberts+did+it&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fopinion%2Fct-xpm-2012-07-02-ct-oped-0702-krauthammer-20120702-17-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalkin" class="citation web cs1">Balkin, Jack M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141205/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=4557&context=ylj">"Bush v. Gore and the Boundary - Between Law and Politics"</a>. <i>digitalcommons.law.yale.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=4557&context=ylj">the original</a> on July 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitalcommons.law.yale.edu&rft.atitle=Bush+v.+Gore+and+the+Boundary+-+Between+Law+and+Politics&rft.aulast=Balkin&rft.aufirst=Jack+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.law.yale.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D4557%26context%3Dylj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2006" class="citation web cs1">Cole, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1417&context=facpub">"The Liberal Legacy of Bush v. Gore"</a>. Georgetown University Law Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190531023521/https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1417&context=facpub">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Liberal+Legacy+of+Bush+v.+Gore&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Law+Center&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.georgetown.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1417%26context%3Dfacpub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/articles/488658/legacy-bush-v-gore">"The legacy of Bush v. Gore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a></i>. December 9, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703052114/https://theweek.com/articles/488658/legacy-bush-v-gore">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=The+legacy+of+Bush+v.+Gore&rft.date=2010-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Farticles%2F488658%2Flegacy-bush-v-gore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slate.com-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-slate.com_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-slate.com_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hasen, Richard L. (December 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2010/12/the-real-legacy-of-bush-v-gore.html">"The real legacy of Bush v. Gore"</a>. <i>Slate</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703052114/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2010/12/the-real-legacy-of-bush-v-gore.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+real+legacy+of+Bush+v.+Gore&rft.date=2010-12-03&rft.aulast=Hasen&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2010%2F12%2Fthe-real-legacy-of-bush-v-gore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/11/just-how-bad-was-bush-v-gore/343247/">"Just How Bad Was Bush v. Gore?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. November 29, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703052114/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/11/just-how-bad-was-bush-v-gore/343247/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Just+How+Bad+Was+Bush+v.+Gore%3F&rft.date=2010-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2010%2F11%2Fjust-how-bad-was-bush-v-gore%2F343247%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramsonRohde,_David_W.Aldrich,_John_Herbert2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Abramson_(political_scientist)" title="Paul R. Abramson (political scientist)">Abramson, Paul R.</a>; Rohde, David W.; Aldrich, John Herbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/changecontinuity0000abra_a2s3"><i>Change and Continuity in the 2000 Elections</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56802-740-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56802-740-0"><bdi>1-56802-740-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change+and+Continuity+in+the+2000+Elections&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56802-740-0&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft.au=Rohde%2C+David+W.&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+John+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchangecontinuity0000abra_a2s3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Brinkley, Douglas</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/36days00newy"><i>36 Days: The Complete Chronicle of the 2000 Presidential Election Crisis</i></a>. Times Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6850-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6850-3"><bdi>0-8050-6850-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=36+Days%3A+The+Complete+Chronicle+of+the+2000+Presidential+Election+Crisis&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8050-6850-3&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F36days00newy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBugliosi2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bugliosi" title="Vincent Bugliosi">Bugliosi, Vincent</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_America" title="The Betrayal of America"><i>The Betrayal of America: How the Supreme Court Undermined the Constitution and Chose Our President</i></a>. Thunder's Mouth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-355-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-355-X"><bdi>1-56025-355-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Betrayal+of+America%3A+How+the+Supreme+Court+Undermined+the+Constitution+and+Chose+Our+President&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-56025-355-X&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrado2001" class="citation book cs1">Corrado, Anthony; et al. (2001). <i>Election of 2000: Reports and Interpretations</i>. Chatham House Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Election+of+2000%3A+Reports+and+Interpretations&rft.pub=Chatham+House+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Corrado&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_La_Garza,_Rodolfo_O.2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_de_la_Garza" title="Rodolfo de la Garza">de La Garza, Rodolfo O.</a>, ed. (2004). <i>Muted Voices: Latinos and the 2000 Elections</i>. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-3590-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-3590-8"><bdi>0-7425-3590-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muted+Voices%3A+Latinos+and+the+2000+Elections&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7425-3590-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenton2002" class="citation book cs1">Denton, Robert E. Jr. (2002). <i>The 2000 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective</i>. Praeger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+2000+Presidential+Campaign%3A+A+Communication+Perspective&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDershowitz2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_M._Dershowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan M. Dershowitz">Dershowitz, Alan M.</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supremeinjustice00alan_0"><i>Supreme Injustice: How the High Court Hijacked Election 2000</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514827-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514827-4"><bdi>0-19-514827-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supreme+Injustice%3A+How+the+High+Court+Hijacked+Election+2000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-514827-4&rft.aulast=Dershowitz&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsupremeinjustice00alan_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDover2002" class="citation book cs1">Dover, E. D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missedopportunit00eddo"><i>Missed Opportunity: Gore, Incumbency, and Television in Election 2000</i></a>. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97638-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97638-6"><bdi>0-275-97638-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missed+Opportunity%3A+Gore%2C+Incumbency%2C+and+Television+in+Election+2000&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-275-97638-6&rft.aulast=Dover&rft.aufirst=E.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissedopportunit00eddo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillman2001" class="citation book cs1">Gillman, H. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/votesthatcounted00gill"><i>The Votes That Counted: How the Court Decided the 2000 Presidential Election</i></a></span>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-29408-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-29408-0"><bdi>0-226-29408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Votes+That+Counted%3A+How+the+Court+Decided+the+2000+Presidential+Election&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-226-29408-0&rft.aulast=Gillman&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvotesthatcounted00gill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsonRosenfeld,_Michel2002" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, Arthur J.; <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rosenfeld" title="Michel Rosenfeld">Rosenfeld, Michel</a> (2002). <i>The Longest Night: Polemics and Perspectives on Election 2000</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longest+Night%3A+Polemics+and+Perspectives+on+Election+2000&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Arthur+J.&rft.au=Rosenfeld%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2006" class="citation book cs1">Moore, David W. (2006). <i>How to Steal an Election: The Inside Story of How George Bush's Brother and FOX Network Miscalled the 2000 Election and Changed the Course of History</i>. New York: Nation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-929-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-929-9"><bdi>1-56025-929-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Steal+an+Election%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+How+George+Bush%27s+Brother+and+FOX+Network+Miscalled+the+2000+Election+and+Changed+the+Course+of+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nation+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-56025-929-9&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalast2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Palast" title="Greg Palast">Palast, Greg</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Democracy_Money_Can_Buy" title="The Best Democracy Money Can Buy"><i>The Best Democracy Money Can Buy</i></a>. Pluto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7453-1846-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7453-1846-0"><bdi>0-7453-1846-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Democracy+Money+Can+Buy&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7453-1846-0&rft.aulast=Palast&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosner2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Posner, Richard A.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/breakingdeadlock00posn"><i>Breaking the Deadlock: The 2000 Election, the Constitution, and the Courts</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-09073-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-09073-4"><bdi>0-691-09073-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+the+Deadlock%3A+The+2000+Election%2C+the+Constitution%2C+and+the+Courts&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-691-09073-4&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbreakingdeadlock00posn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRakove2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_N._Rakove" title="Jack N. Rakove">Rakove, Jack N.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unfinishedelecti00rako"><i>The Unfinished Election of 2000</i></a>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-06837-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-06837-5"><bdi>0-465-06837-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unfinished+Election+of+2000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-465-06837-5&rft.aulast=Rakove&rft.aufirst=Jack+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funfinishedelecti00rako&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabato2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Sabato" title="Larry Sabato">Sabato, Larry J.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/overtimeelection00saba"><i>Overtime! The Election 2000 Thriller</i></a>. New York: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-10028-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-10028-X"><bdi>0-321-10028-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Overtime%21+The+Election+2000+Thriller&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-321-10028-X&rft.aulast=Sabato&rft.aufirst=Larry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fovertimeelection00saba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammon2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sammon" title="Bill Sammon">Sammon, Bill</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atanycosthowalgo00samm"><i>At Any Cost: How Al Gore Tried to Steal the Election</i></a>. Regnery Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-227-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-227-4"><bdi>0-89526-227-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Any+Cost%3A+How+Al+Gore+Tried+to+Steal+the+Election&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-89526-227-4&rft.aulast=Sammon&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatanycosthowalgo00samm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteed,_Robert_P.2002" class="citation book cs1">Steed, Robert P., ed. (2002). <i>The 2000 Presidential Election in the South: Partisanship and Southern Party Systems in the 21st Century</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+2000+Presidential+Election+in+the+South%3A+Partisanship+and+Southern+Party+Systems+in+the+21st+Century&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToobin2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Toobin" title="Jeffrey Toobin">Toobin, Jeffrey</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tooclosetocallth00toob"><i>Too Close To Call: The Thirty-Six-Day Battle to Decide the 2000 Election</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50708-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-50708-6"><bdi>0-375-50708-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Too+Close+To+Call%3A+The+Thirty-Six-Day+Battle+to+Decide+the+2000+Election&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-375-50708-6&rft.aulast=Toobin&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftooclosetocallth00toob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerKlobucar2003" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Arthur H.; Klobucar, Thomas F. (2003). "The Role of Issues in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election". <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 101+. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2003.tb00018.x">10.1111/j.1741-5705.2003.tb00018.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Issues+in+the+2000+U.S.+Presidential+Election&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=101%2B&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1741-5705.2003.tb00018.x&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Arthur+H.&rft.au=Klobucar%2C+Thomas+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWattenberg1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wattenberg_(political_scientist)" title="Martin Wattenberg (political scientist)">Wattenberg, Martin P.</a> (1999). "The Democrats' Decline in the House during the Clinton Presidency: An Analysis of Partisan Swings". <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 685. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0268-2141.2003.00057.x">10.1111/j.0268-2141.2003.00057.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Democrats%27+Decline+in+the+House+during+the+Clinton+Presidency%3A+An+Analysis+of+Partisan+Swings&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=685&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0268-2141.2003.00057.x&rft.aulast=Wattenberg&rft.aufirst=Martin+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWattier2004" class="citation journal cs1">Wattier, Mark J. (2004). "The Clinton Factor: The Effects of Clinton's Personal Image in 2000 Presidential Primaries and in the General Election". <i>White House Studies</i>. <b>4</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+House+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Clinton+Factor%3A+The+Effects+of+Clinton%27s+Personal+Image+in+2000+Presidential+Primaries+and+in+the+General+Election&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Wattier&rft.aufirst=Mark+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2000+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Tribe" title="Laurence Tribe">Tribe, Laurence H.</a>: "<i>Erog .v Hsub</i> and its Disguises: Freeing <i>Bush v. Gore</i> from its Hall of Mirrors", 115 <i>Harvard Law Review</i> 170 (November 2001).</li> <li>Jowei Chen and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rodden" title="Jonathan Rodden">Jonathan Rodden</a> (2013), "Unintentional Gerrymandering: Political Geography and Electoral Bias in Legislatures", Quarterly Journal of Political Science: Vol. 8: No. 3, pp 239–269. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00012033">http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00012033</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papers">Papers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Keating, Dan (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/104548804/20040526-KeatingPaper">"Democracy Counts, The Florida ballot recount project"</a>, paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, 2002.</li> <li>Underhill, Wendy <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/election-2000-before-and-after.aspx">"Election 2000: Before and After: September 2012"</a>, State Legislatures Magazine, a 2012 retrospective on improvements started by the 2000 election.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr 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Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_George_W._Bush" title="Political positions of George W. Bush">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer">Gary Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Orrin Hatch 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Kasich" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of John Kasich">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Lieberman" title="Political positions of Joe Lieberman">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Bradley 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Curtis Frazier</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Titus" title="Herbert Titus">Herb Titus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin" title="Stephen Gaskin">Stephen Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kovel" title="Joel Kovel">Joel Kovel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Harry Browne 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola B. Foster</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Nat_Goldhaber" title="Nat Goldhaber">Nat Goldhaber</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Watkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean Watkins">W. Dean Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trowe" title="Margaret Trowe">Margaret Trowe</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Gordon_Brown" title="Cathy Gordon Brown">Cathy Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Florida_election_recount_and_legal_proceedings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">Florida election recount and legal proceedings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Katherine Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Olson" title="Theodore Olson">Theodore Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Whouley" title="Michael Whouley">Michael Whouley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ginsberg_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Ginsberg (lawyer)">Benjamin Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Butterworth" title="Bob Butterworth">Bob Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Allbaugh" title="Joe Allbaugh">Joe Allbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Stipanovich" title="Mac Stipanovich">Mac Stipanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Waters" title="Craig Waters">Craig Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_LePore" title="Theresa LePore">Theresa LePore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Roberts_(politician)" title="Carol Roberts (politician)">Carol Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Election day</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Central_Voter_File" title="Florida Central Voter File">Florida Central Voter File</a> (scrub list)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volusia_error" title="Volusia error">Volusia error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_(paper)" title="Chad (paper)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot#Design" title="Ballot">Butterfly ballot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath and <br />legal proceedings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida election recount">Florida election recount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Brothers_riot" title="Brooks Brothers riot">Brooks Brothers riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board_v._Harris_(Harris_I)" title="Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris (Harris I)"><i>Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris</i> (Harris I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore"><i>Gore v. Harris</i> (Harris II)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board" title="Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board">Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Recount_(film)" title="Recount (film)">Recount</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_Family_Fortunes:_The_Best_Democracy_Money_Can_Buy" title="Bush Family Fortunes: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy">Bush Family Fortunes</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unprecedented:_The_2000_Presidential_Election" title="Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election">Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_elections,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:United States elections, 2000">Other 2000 elections</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2000 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_district_results_of_the_2000_United_States_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_results_of_the_2000_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template:State results of the 2000 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_results_of_the_2000_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template talk:State results of the 2000 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_results_of_the_2000_U.S._presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State results of the 2000 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_district_results_of_the_2000_United_States_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State and district results of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">2000 United States presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="2000 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="2000 United States presidential election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2000 United States presidential election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="2000 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="2000 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="2000 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="2000 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="2000 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Hawaii" title="2000 United States presidential election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="2000 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="2000 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="2000 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="2000 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="2000 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="2000 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="2000 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="2000 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="2000 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="2000 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="2000 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="2000 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2000 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2000 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2000 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="2000 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2000 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="2000 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2000 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2000 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="2000 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="2000 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="2000 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="2000 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="2000 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="2000 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="2000 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="2000 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="2000 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electoral map, 2000 election"><img alt="Electoral map, 2000 election" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/150px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/225px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElectoralCollege2000.svg/300px-ElectoralCollege2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(1999_←)_2000_United_States_elections_(→_2001)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_United_States_elections" title="Template:2000 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:2000 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(1999_←)_2000_United_States_elections_(→_2001)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1999_United_States_elections" title="1999 United States elections">1999 ←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_elections" title="2000 United States elections">2000 United States elections</a>   (<a href="/wiki/2001_United_States_elections" title="2001 United States elections">→ 2001</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2000 United States presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">U.S.<br />Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="2000 United States Senate election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="2000 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2000 United States Senate election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Shadow_Senator_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="2000 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia (shadow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Georgia" title="2000 United States Senate special election in Georgia">Georgia (special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="2000 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2000 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2000 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="2000 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Michigan" title="2000 United States Senate election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="2000 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana" title="2000 United States Senate election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2000 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="2000 United States Senate election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Jersey" title="2000 United States Senate election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2000 United States Senate election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2000 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="2000 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="2000 United States Senate election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="2000 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas" title="2000 United States Senate election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2000 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2000 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="2000 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="2000 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_West_Virginia" title="2000 United States Senate election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="2000 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wyoming" title="2000 United States Senate election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S.<br />House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Colorado" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li>District of Columbia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in the District of Columbia">delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Shadow_Representative_election_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="2000 United States Shadow Representative election in the District of Columbia">shadow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Florida" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Georgia" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Hawaii" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">1st</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kansas" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maryland" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Montana" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Ohio" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Tennessee" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Vermont" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Virginia" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Washington" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" title="2000 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2000 United States gubernatorial elections">State<br />governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Missouri_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Montana_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Montana gubernatorial election">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_North_Carolina_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:2000_United_States_Attorney_General_elections" title="Category:2000 United States Attorney General elections">Attorneys<br />General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_North_Carolina_Attorney_General_election" title="2000 North Carolina Attorney General election">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Pennsylvania_Attorney_General_election" title="2000 Pennsylvania Attorney General election">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Washington_Attorney_General_election" title="2000 Washington Attorney General election">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2000 United States state legislative elections">State <br />legislature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Arizona_Senate_election" title="2000 Arizona Senate election">Arizona Senate</a></li> <li>California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_California_State_Assembly_election" title="2000 California State Assembly election">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_California_State_Senate_election" title="2000 California State Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Delaware <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Delaware_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2000 Delaware House of Representatives election">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Delaware_Senate_election" title="2000 Delaware Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Iowa_Senate_election" title="2000 Iowa Senate election">Iowa Senate</a></li> <li>Minnesota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Minnesota_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2000 Minnesota House of Representatives election">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Minnesota_Senate_election" title="2000 Minnesota Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Montana_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2000 Montana House of Representatives election">Montana House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_New_Mexico_Senate_election" title="2000 New Mexico Senate election">New Mexico Senate</a></li> <li>North Carolina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2000 North Carolina House of Representatives election">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_North_Carolina_Senate_election" title="2000 North Carolina Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2000 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Pennsylvania_Senate_election" title="2000 Pennsylvania Senate election">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Texas_House_of_Representatives_election" title="2000 Texas House of Representatives election">Texas House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_West_Virginia_Senate_election" title="2000 West Virginia Senate election">West Virginia Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_elections" title="2000 United States elections">Mayors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Anchorage_mayoral_election" title="2000 Anchorage mayoral election">Anchorage, <abbr title="Alaska">AK</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Baton_Rouge_mayoral_election" title="2000 Baton Rouge mayoral election">Baton Rouge, <abbr title="Louisiana">LA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Fort_Lauderdale_mayoral_election" title="2000 Fort Lauderdale mayoral election">Fort Lauderdale, <abbr title="Florida">FL</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Fresno_mayoral_election" title="2000 Fresno mayoral election">Fresno, <abbr title="California">CA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Irvine_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Irvine mayoral election">Irvine, <abbr title="California">CA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Milwaukee_mayoral_election" title="2000 Milwaukee mayoral election">Milwaukee, <abbr title="Wisconsin">WI</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Orlando_mayoral_election" title="2000 Orlando mayoral election">Orlando, <abbr title="Florida">FL</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Portland,_Oregon_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Portland, Oregon mayoral election">Portland, <abbr title="Oregon">OR</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Sacramento_mayoral_election" title="2000 Sacramento mayoral election">Sacramento, <abbr title="California">CA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_San_Diego_mayoral_election" title="2000 San Diego mayoral election">San Diego, <abbr title="California">CA</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 San Juan, Puerto Rico mayoral election">San Juan, <abbr title="Puerto Rico">PR</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_elections_in_Santa_Ana,_California#2000" title="Mayoral elections in Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, CA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_participation_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of states by participation in United States presidential elections">Elections by state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alabama" title="United States presidential elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alaska" title="United States presidential elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arizona" title="United States presidential elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas" title="United States presidential elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_California" title="United States presidential elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Colorado" title="United States presidential elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Connecticut" title="United States presidential elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Delaware" title="United States presidential elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Florida" title="United States presidential elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Georgia" title="United States presidential elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Hawaii" title="United States presidential elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Indiana" title="United States presidential elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kansas" title="United States presidential elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kentucky" title="United States presidential elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Louisiana" title="United States presidential elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maine" title="United States presidential elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maryland" title="United States presidential elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Michigan" title="United States presidential elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Minnesota" title="United States presidential elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Mississippi" title="United States presidential elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Montana" title="United States presidential elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nebraska" title="United States presidential elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nevada" title="United States presidential elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="United States presidential elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="United States presidential elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="United States presidential elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_York" title="United States presidential elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Ohio" title="United States presidential elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="United States presidential elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oregon" title="United States presidential elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="United States presidential elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Tennessee" title="United States presidential elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Texas" title="United States presidential elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah" title="United States presidential elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Vermont" title="United States presidential elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="United States presidential elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="United States presidential elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wyoming" title="United States presidential elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Primaries and caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada presidential caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_presidential_primary" title="South Carolina presidential primary">South Carolina presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Nominating conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List of nominating conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokered_convention" title="Brokered convention">Brokered convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">Convention bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />and popular vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Results <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election summary">summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">elections in which the winner lost the popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_results_by_state" title="List of United States presidential election results by state">Electoral College results by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_vote_changes_between_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections">electoral vote changes between elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">electoral vote recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of votes received">popular votes received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">popular-vote margins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_ascertainment" title="Certificate of ascertainment">Certificate of ascertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of vote">Certificate of vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">Faithless elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Voter turnout in United States presidential elections">Voter turnout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Polling for United States presidential elections">Historical election polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States major party presidential tickets">Major party tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Major party losers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">Presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">Swing state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">Tipping-point state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_recount" title="Election recount">Election recount</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">Guam straw poll</a></li> <li>Vice presidential confirmations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">1974</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Template:United States House of Representatives elections">House elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Senate_elections" title="Template:United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="Template:United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_W._Bush" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush" title="Template talk:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_W._Bush" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> (1995–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">1st inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">2nd inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2001)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2001)">2001</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2002)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2002)">2002</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2003)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2003)">2003</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2004)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2004)">2004</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2005)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2005)">2005</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2006)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2006)">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2007)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2007)">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)#January_2009" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">January 2009</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economic policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">International trips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Russia–United States summits">Russia summits</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of Forces Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Medicare_Prescription_Drug,_Improvement,_and_Modernization_Act" title="Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act">Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Corps" title="USA Freedom Corps">USA Freedom Corps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">"War on Terror"</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Service_and_Civic_Participation" title="President's Council on Service and Civic Participation">President's Council on Service and Civic Participation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Volunteer_Service_Award" title="President's Volunteer Service Award">award</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nomination">John Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Harriet Miers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Samuel Alito</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Cabinet">Cabinet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Impeachment efforts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Childhood_Home" title="George W. Bush Childhood Home">Childhood home</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life and career</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_portraits_of_George_W._and_Laura_Bush" title="Presidential portraits of George W. and Laura Bush">Presidential portrait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Military service controversy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_controversy" title="Killian documents controversy">Killian documents controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_authenticity_issues" title="Killian documents authenticity issues">authenticity issues</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship of Texas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Chapel_Ranch" title="Prairie Chapel Ranch">Prairie Chapel Ranch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker's Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2003 State of the Union Address">2003</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2004 State of the Union Address">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2005 State of the Union Address">2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2006 State of the Union Address">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2007 State of the Union Address">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2008 State of the Union Address">2008</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Texas gubernatorial election">1994</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Texas gubernatorial election">1998</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bushism" title="Bushism">Bushisms</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of nicknames used by George W. Bush">Nicknames</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_and_films_about_George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books and films about George W. Bush">As the subject of books and films</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fictionalized_portrayals_of_George_W._Bush" title="Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush">Fictionalized portrayals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Me_Yet%3F" title="Miss Me Yet?">Miss Me Yet?</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">Yo, Blair</a>"</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Charge_to_Keep" title="A Charge to Keep">A Charge to Keep</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Courage" title="Portraits of Courage">Portraits of Courage</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Many,_One:_Portraits_of_America%27s_Immigrants" title="Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants">Out of Many, One</a></i> (2021)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11"><i>Fahrenheit 9/11</i> (2004 documentary)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)"><i>W.</i> (2008 film)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)" title="Barbara Bush (born 1981)">Barbara Pierce Bush</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Robin Bush</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_(dog)" title="Barney (dog)">Barney</a> (dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Beazley" title="Miss Beazley">Miss Beazley</a> (dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_(cat)" title="India (cat)">India</a> (cat)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spot_Fetcher" title="Spot Fetcher">Spot Fetcher</a> (dog)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">← Bill Clinton</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama →</a></b></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush" title="Category:George W. Bush">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dick_Cheney" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dick_Cheney" title="Template:Dick Cheney"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dick_Cheney" title="Template talk:Dick Cheney"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dick_Cheney" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dick Cheney"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dick_Cheney" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li>17th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wyoming%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Wyoming's at-large congressional district">WY–AL</a> (1979–1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Dick_Cheney" title="Electoral history of Dick Cheney">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" title="1984 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" title="1986 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" title="1988 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">1988</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates#October_5:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Centre_College)" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates#October_5:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Case_Western_Reserve_University)" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathidium_cheneyi" title="Agathidium cheneyi">Agathidium cheneyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney_hunting_accident" title="Dick Cheney hunting accident">Dick Cheney hunting accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Dick_Cheney" title="Efforts to impeach Dick Cheney">Efforts to impeach Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exceptional:_Why_the_World_Needs_a_Powerful_America" title="Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America">Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_My_Time:_A_Personal_and_Political_Memoir" title="In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir">In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vice_(2018_film)" title="Vice (2018 film)">Vice</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halliburton" title="Halliburton">Halliburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Cheney" title="Lynne Cheney">Lynne Cheney</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Cheney" title="Liz Cheney">Liz Cheney</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cheney" title="Mary Cheney">Mary Cheney</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">← Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Al_Gore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Al_Gore" title="Template:Al Gore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Al_Gore" title="Template talk:Al Gore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Al_Gore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Al Gore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Al_Gore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">45th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Tennessee" title="List of United States senators from Tennessee">from Tennessee</a> (1985–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tennessee%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Tennessee's 4th congressional district">TN–4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Tennessee's 6th congressional district">TN–6</a> (1977–1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Democrat" title="Atari Democrat">Atari Democrat</a></li> <li>Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Al_Gore" title="Vice presidency of Al Gore">Vice presidency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Al_Gore" title="Electoral history of Al Gore">Electoral History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1980 United States House of Representatives elections">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1982 United States House of Representatives elections">1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1984 United States Senate elections">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1990 United States Senate elections">1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1992 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates#October_13:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Georgia_Tech)" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">1996 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_debates#October_9:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Mahaffey_Theater)" title="1996 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">election</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Bush transition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marshall_Plan" title="Global Marshall Plan">Global Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_and_the_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Gore and the environment">Environmental activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Climate_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance for Climate Protection">Alliance for Climate Protection</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth" title="An Inconvenient Truth">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Need_to_Wake_Up" title="I Need to Wake Up">I Need to Wake Up</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_Earth" title="Live Earth">Live Earth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Sequel:_Truth_to_Power" title="An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power">An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Truth_to_Power_(song)" title="Truth to Power (song)">Truth to Power</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_and_information_technology" title="Al Gore and information technology">Role in information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_Computing_Act_of_1991" title="High Performance Computing Act of 1991">High Performance Computing Act of 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Information_Infrastructure" title="National Information Infrastructure">National Information Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_superhighway" title="Information superhighway">Information superhighway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhighway_Summit" title="Superhighway Summit">The Superhighway Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">Deep Space Climate Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Hours_in_Cyberspace" title="24 Hours in Cyberspace">24 Hours in Cyberspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetDay" title="NetDay">NetDay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Earth" title="Digital Earth">Digital Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_TV" title="Current TV">Current TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_received_by_Al_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards received by Al Gore">Awards and honors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_in_the_Balance" title="Earth in the Balance">Earth in the Balance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Truth (book)">An Inconvenient Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Assault_on_Reason" title="The Assault on Reason">The Assault on Reason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Choice" title="Our Choice">Our Choice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future:_Six_Drivers_of_Global_Change" title="The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change">The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Sequel_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Sequel (book)">An Inconvenient Sequel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipper_Gore" title="Tipper Gore">Tipper Gore</a> (wife, <i>separated</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenna_Gore" title="Karenna Gore">Karenna Gore</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Gore" title="Kristin Gore">Kristin Gore</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gore_Sr." title="Albert Gore Sr.">Albert Gore Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_LaFon_Gore" title="Pauline LaFon Gore">Pauline LaFon Gore</a> (mother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Al_Gore" title="Category:Al Gore">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dan_Quayle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dan_Quayle" title="Template:Dan Quayle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dan_Quayle" title="Template talk:Dan Quayle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dan_Quayle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dan Quayle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dan_Quayle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Indiana" title="List of United States senators from Indiana">from Indiana</a> (1981—1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 4th congressional district">IN–4</a> (1977—1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Dan_Quayle" title="Electoral history of Dan Quayle">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">1978</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="1980 United States Senate election in Indiana">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="1986 United States Senate election in Indiana">1986</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1988_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1988 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_debates#October_5:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Omaha_Civic_Auditorium)" title="1988 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George H. W. Bush">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates#October_13:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Georgia_Tech)" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">Clinton transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senator,_you%27re_no_Jack_Kennedy" title="Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy">Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle#Murphy_Brown" title="Dan Quayle"><i>Murphy Brown</i> speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle#Gaffes" title="Dan Quayle">Gaffes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danny_Goes_to_Mars" title="Danny Goes to Mars">Danny Goes to Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quayle_Vice_Presidential_Learning_Center" title="Quayle Vice Presidential Learning Center">Quayle Vice Presidential Learning Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_C._Pulliam" title="Eugene C. Pulliam">Eugene C. Pulliam</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Quayle" title="James C. Quayle">James C. Quayle</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Mason_Pulliam" title="Nina Mason Pulliam">Nina Mason Pulliam</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Quayle" title="Marilyn Quayle">Marilyn Quayle</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Quayle" title="Ben Quayle">Ben Quayle</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">← George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore →</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ralph_Nader" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ralph_Nader" title="Template:Ralph Nader"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ralph_Nader" title="Template talk:Ralph Nader"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ralph_Nader" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ralph Nader"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ralph_Nader" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph 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Automobile">Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Action_for_a_Change" title="Action for a Change">Action for a Change</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crashing_the_Party" title="Crashing the Party">Crashing the Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Only_the_Super-Rich_Can_Save_Us!" title="Only the Super-Rich Can Save Us!">Only the Super-Rich Can Save Us!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unstoppable_(Nader_book)" title="Unstoppable (Nader book)">Unstoppable: The Emerging Left–Right Alliance to Dismantle the Corporate State</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader%27s_presidential_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Nader's presidential campaigns">Presidential campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader#1992" title="Ralph Nader">1992 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 1996 presidential campaign">1996 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Citizen" title="Public Citizen">Public Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Mass_Energy_Project" title="Critical Mass Energy Project">Critical Mass Energy Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Ecology_International" title="Knowledge Ecology International">Knowledge Ecology International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Research_Group" title="Public Interest Research Group">Public Interest Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Auto_Safety" title="Center for Auto Safety">Center for Auto Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Citizen_Action_Group" title="Connecticut Citizen Action Group">Connecticut Citizen Action Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential Information">Essential Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_AlumniCorps" title="Princeton AlumniCorps">Princeton AlumniCorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleseed_Foundation" title="Appleseed Foundation">Appleseed Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Rising" title="Democracy Rising">Democracy Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Antitrust_Institute" title="American Antitrust Institute">American Antitrust Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Alert" title="Commercial Alert">Commercial Alert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Citizen" title="Capitol Hill Citizen">Capitol Hill Citizen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Unreasonable_Man" title="An Unreasonable Man">An Unreasonable Man</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_Principles" title="Concord Principles">Concord Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Tort_Law" title="American Museum of Tort Law">American Museum of Tort Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chemical_Feast" title="The Chemical Feast"><i>The Chemical Feast</i> introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_-_On_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Small - On 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