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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Probleml%C3%B8sning" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Probleml%C3%B8sning" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Typer_av_problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typer_av_problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Typer av problem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typer_av_problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_for_problemløsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_for_problemløsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Former for problemløsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_for_problemløsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problemløsning_i_grupper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problemløsning_i_grupper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Problemløsning i grupper</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Problemløsning_i_grupper-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Problemløsning i grupper</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Problemløsning_i_grupper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fem_fremmende_faktorer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fem_fremmende_faktorer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fem fremmende faktorer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fem_fremmende_faktorer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fem_nedbrytende_faktorer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fem_nedbrytende_faktorer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fem nedbrytende faktorer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fem_nedbrytende_faktorer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Problemløsning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 44 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probleml%C3%B8sning" title="Problemløsning – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Problemløsning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probleml%C3%B6sning" title="Problemlösning – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Problemlösning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probleemoplossing" title="Probleemoplossing – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Probleemoplossing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حل المشكلات – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حل المشكلات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3n_de_problemes" title="Resolución de problemes – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Resolución de problemes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rje%C5%A1avanje_problema" title="Rješavanje problema – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rješavanje problema" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3_de_problemes" title="Resolució de problemes – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Resolució de problemes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Тĕллевчĕксене шутласси – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕллевчĕксене шутласси" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probleml%C3%B6sen" title="Problemlösen – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Problemlösen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probleemilahendus" title="Probleemilahendus – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Probleemilahendus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Επίλυση προβλημάτων – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επίλυση προβλημάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Problem solving" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3n_de_problemas" title="Resolución de problemas – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Resolución de problemas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problemsolvado" title="Problemsolvado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Problemsolvado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D9%87" title="حل مسئله – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حل مسئله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9solution_de_probl%C3%A8me" title="Résolution de problème – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Résolution de problème" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C_%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0" title="문제 해결 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문제 해결" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="समस्या-समाधान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समस्या-समाधान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rje%C5%A1enje_problema" title="Rješenje problema – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rješenje problema" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyelesaian_masalah" title="Penyelesaian masalah – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyelesaian masalah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Problem solving" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פתרון בעיות – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פתרון בעיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamecahan_masalah" title="Pamecahan masalah – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pamecahan masalah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probl%C3%A9mamegold%C3%A1s" title="Problémamegoldás – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Problémamegoldás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyelesaian_masalah" title="Penyelesaian masalah – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyelesaian masalah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%85" title="Асуудлыг шийдэх – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Асуудлыг шийдэх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probleemoplossing" title="Probleemoplossing – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Probleemoplossing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA" title="問題解決 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="問題解決" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_problemas" title="Resolução de problemas – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Resolução de problemas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Решение задач – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Решение задач" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgjidhja_e_problemit" title="Zgjidhja e problemit – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zgjidhja e problemit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Problem solving" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%83%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%95" title="شیكارکردنی كێشە – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شیكارکردنی كێشە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Решавање задатака – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Решавање задатака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rje%C5%A1avanje_problema" title="Rješavanje problema – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rješavanje problema" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongelmanratkaisu" title="Ongelmanratkaisu – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ongelmanratkaisu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="சிக்கல் தீர்வு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிக்கல் தீர்வு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" title="การแก้ปัญหา – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแก้ปัญหา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_%C3%A7%C3%B6zme" title="Problem çözme – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Problem çözme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Розв'язання задач – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розв'язання задач" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مسئلہ سلجھانا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسئلہ سلجھانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3i_quy%E1%BA%BFt_v%E1%BA%A5n_%C4%91%E1%BB%81" title="Giải quyết vấn đề – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giải quyết vấn đề" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%9B%A3" title="解難 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="解難" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="解决问题 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="解决问题" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q730920#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Probleml%C3%B8sning" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Probleml%C3%B8sning" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Probleml%C3%B8sning"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Probleml%C3%B8sning"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Probleml%C3%B8sning" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Probleml%C3%B8sning" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&oldid=24264954" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Probleml%C3%B8sning&id=24264954&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProbleml%25C3%25B8sning"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProbleml%25C3%25B8sning"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Problem_solving" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q730920" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24553676">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unsourced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Kildeløs</b>: Denne artikkelen mangler <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bruk_av_kilder" title="Wikipedia:Bruk av kilder">kildehenvisninger</a>, og opplysningene i den kan dermed være vanskelige å <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiserbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifiserbarhet">verifisere</a>. Kildeløst materiale kan bli <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiserbarhet#Bevisbyrden" title="Wikipedia:Verifiserbarhet">fjernet</a>. Helt uten kilder. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">10. okt. 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24553676"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_Volume_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Snever:</b> Denne artikkelen er snevrere enn hva tittelen skulle tilsi. Den dekker kun ett eller få av de emner man kunne forvente skulle bli behandlet under dette oppslagsordet.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Problemløsning</b> eller <b>problemløsing</b> er å analysere og omforme et problem, løse det og vurdere gyldigheten. </p><p>Dette er en metode som spesielt anvendes i matematikk, og som står sentralt i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagplan (ikke skrevet ennå)">fagplanen</a> for grunnopplæringen i den norske skolen. Problemløsning som matematisk metode er grundig beskrevet av den ungarske matematikeren <a href="/wiki/George_P%C3%B3lya" title="George Pólya">George Pólya</a>. </p><p>Metoden kan brukes innen alle praktiske og teoretiske områder. Her er 9 trinn til problemløsning og beslutninger. </p> <ul><li>Definer situasjonen / problemet, fastslå hva som har lykkes eller mislykkes så langt.</li> <li>Spesifiser målet. Du må vite hva du vil oppnå.</li> <li>Utvikle hypoteser. Funder omkring årsakene.</li> <li>Fremskaff fakta. Hva er det som skjer, hvem er innblandet, finn argumenter for og imot, kartlegg de involvertes holdninger.</li> <li>Analyser fakta, bestem hva som er relevant og irrelevant. Konsentrer deg om årsaken, ikke symptomene. Ikke trekk forhastede slutninger.</li> <li>Overvei mulige handlingsalternativer. Både de som er åpenbare og de som ikke er det!</li> <li>Vurder mulige handlingsalternativ (fremkommet under pkt 6). Se på muligheter, for og imot, forventet resultat for hvert alternativ, jf oppsatte mål. Vurder kostnader og gevinster. Begrunn risken for å skape prejudikat. Bruk både ditt industrielle omdømme og din bedrift for å bedømme effektene. Beregn konsekvensene i detalj så langt mulig.</li> <li>Beslutt og implementer. Informer før beslutninger trer i kraft, angi grunn for beslutningen. Visse beslutninger krever at du er iskald – det er sjelden at alle involverte har likt syn på hvor gode beslutningene er.</li> <li>Overvåk implementeringen. Følg opp hvor effektivt beslutningen implementeres. Finn ut reaksjonen til de som påvirkes. Korriger der det er nødvendig. Iblant er det også nødvendig å kunne holde ut, ettersom det kan ta tid før resultatene blir synlige. Ikke forhast deg hvis du mener kursen må endres.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typer_av_problem">Typer av problem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Typer av problem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Typer av problem"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For løsning av sosiale problemer brukes vanligvis uttrykkene «konfliktløsning» eller <a href="/wiki/Megling" class="mw-redirect" title="Megling">megling</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matematikk" title="Matematikk">Matematikk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konflikt" title="Konflikt">Konflikt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledelse" title="Ledelse">Ledelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilsmisse" title="Skilsmisse">Skilsmisse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabokrangel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabokrangel (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nabokrangel</a></li> <li>Religiøs, økonomisk eller sosial uenighet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosjektstyring" title="Prosjektstyring">Prosjektstyring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_for_problemløsning"><span id="Former_for_probleml.C3.B8sning"></span>Former for problemløsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Former for problemløsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Former for problemløsning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En interessant kjensgjerning ved dette tema, er at to problemer aldri er like. Både i omfang og fagområde varierer problemstillingene, selv om generelle metoder gjelder for alle typer: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mekling" title="Mekling">Mekling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forhandling" title="Forhandling">Forhandling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B8dhelp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nødhelp (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nødhelp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medisinering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medisinering (ikke skrevet ennå)">Medisinering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQ-test" class="mw-redirect" title="IQ-test">IQ-test</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problemløsning_i_grupper"><span id="Probleml.C3.B8sning_i_grupper"></span>Problemløsning i grupper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Problemløsning i grupper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Problemløsning i grupper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Problemløsning i grupper er en måte <a class="mw-selflink selflink">å løse problemer på</a> som kan brukes i flere sammenhenger. For at <a href="/wiki/Gruppe" class="mw-disambig" title="Gruppe">grupper</a> skal fungere sammen og som et team er det en viktig oppgave å identifisere faktorer som både fremmer og hemmer problemløsning i gruppen. Da kan man bruke dette for å senere utvikle hensiktsmessige problemløsningsprosedyrer (Kaufmann & Kaufmann 2003:255). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fem_fremmende_faktorer">Fem fremmende faktorer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fem fremmende faktorer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fem fremmende faktorer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fem fremmende faktorer når det gjelder problemløsning i grupper kan være: </p> <ol><li>Heterogenitet – En vesentlig hindring for <a href="/wiki/Kreativ_probleml%C3%B8sning" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreativ problemløsning">kreativ problemløsning</a> kan være at individet har lett for å bli fiksert i bestemte søkeretninger og løsningsbaner i sin problemløsning. Her har gruppen et stort potensial med tanke på at det naturlig er stor variasjon i perspektiver og problemløsningsstrategier blant individer.</li> <li>Kognitiv konflikt – Konflikter og uenighet kan, dersom det holdes på et rasjonelt plan, danne grunnlag for mer kreative løsninger på et problem. Kognitiv konflikt gjør at det er nødvendig å søke alternative løsninger. Skal konflikter være en positiv ressurs er det som sagt viktig å holde det på et rasjonelt plan. Emosjonelle konflikter fører derimot til misnøye og har derfor negativ innvirkning på problemløsningen.</li> <li>Økt <a href="/wiki/Motivasjon" title="Motivasjon">motivasjon</a> og mestringsfølelse – Både erfaringer, ferdigheter og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evne (ikke skrevet ennå)">evner</a> er nødvendig for effektiv problemløsning. Motivasjon er også en viktig forutsetning. I gruppen vil dette vise seg ved at gruppemedlemmene kan stimulere og motivere hverandre, og mangfoldigheten i evner, kunnskaper og ferdigheter gjør at man kan utfylle hverandre på en positiv måte.</li> <li>Risikotoleranse – Gruppediskusjon fører ofte til at risikotoleransen justeres opp i forhold til gjennomsnittlig risikotoleranse på individuell basis. Dette kan være fordi ansvaret for beslutningen da fordeles på flere.</li> <li>Akseptering – Aksepteringsnivå (altså i hvilken grad gruppemedlemmer aksepterer en beslutning som er tatt) er viktig for en effektiv beslutning, og aksepteringsnivået øker veldig ved deltakelse i beslutningsprosessen. (Kaufmann & Kaufmann 2003:256-257).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fem_nedbrytende_faktorer">Fem nedbrytende faktorer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fem nedbrytende faktorer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fem nedbrytende faktorer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fem nedbrytende faktorer når det gjelder problemløsning i grupper kan være: </p> <ol><li>Sosialt trykk og konformitet – Frykt for negativ tilbakemelding setter grenser for avvikende ideer som kan være viktige når det gjelder kreativitet og innovasjon, som er viktige når det gjelder problemløsning.</li> <li>Skjevhet i deltakelse – Det kan være ganske store skjevheter når det gjelder deltakelse blant gruppemedlemmer. Ofte vil det være sånn at en spesielt aktiv eller engasjert person dominerer og kontrollerer problemløsningsarbeidet i ganske stor grad.</li> <li>Valens – Gruppemedlemmer kan lett komme i følelsesmessige tiltreknigs-/frastøtningsforhold til ulike ideer som blir lansert under problemløsningsarbeidet.</li> <li>Gruppestørrelse – Det er ikke så lett å formulere allmenngyldige regler når det gjelder forholdet mellom gruppestørrelse og problemløsning. Men, tilskuddet av nye personer har mer å si for løsning av vanskelige enn lette oppgaver. Dessuten er effekten av å øke antall personer avtakende, noe som vil si at hver ny person betyr mindre for det totale problemløsningspotensialet.</li> <li>Tid – Ved problemløsning i gruppe er samlet tidsforbruk høyere enn ved individuell problemløsning, men kvaliteten på løsningen man når frem til ved problemløsning i gruppe er ofte så høy at den oppveier for den økte tidskostnaden. (Kaufmann & Kaufmann 2003:257-259).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A3-probleml%C3%B8sning" title="A3-problemløsning">A3-problemløsning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problembeskrivelse" title="Problembeskrivelse">Problembeskrivelse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleml%C3%B8sning&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Kaufmann" title="Geir Kaufmann">Kaufmann, Geir</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrid_Kaufmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrid Kaufmann (ikke skrevet ennå)">Astrid Kaufmann</a> (2003): <i>Psykologi i organisasjon og ledelse.</i> Bergen: Fagbokforlaget</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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