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C-Root
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <title>C-Root</title> <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-QWTKZyjpPEjISv5WaRU9OFeRpok6YctnYmDr5pNlyT2bRjXh0JMhjY6hW+ALEwIH" crossorigin="anonymous"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#7952b3"> <style> .site-header-img { width: 144px; height: 48px; } </style> </head> <body> <main> <div class="container py-4"> <header class="site-header pb-3 mb-4 border-bottom"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg container d-flex flex-column flex-md-row align-items-center"> <a class="py-2 me-auto" href="/" aria-label="C-Root"> <img class="site-header-img" src="/images/CogentLogo.png"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link py-2 d-md-inline-block me-2" href="/dsc/dsc-grapher.pl">DSC Graphs</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link py-2 d-md-inline-block me-2" href="/rssac002-metrics/">RSSAC002 Metrics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link py-2 d-md-inline-block me-2" target="_blank" href="https://www.root-servers.org">Root Server Information</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="p-5 mb-4 bg-light border rounded-3"> <div class="container-fluid py-4"> <div class="row align-items-md-stretch"> <div class="col-md-6"> <h1 class="display-5 fw-bold">c.root-servers.net</h1> <p class="col-md-8 fs-4">192.33.4.12</p> <p class="col-md-8 fs-4">2001:500:2::C</p> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <img class="img-fluid" src="/images/c-root-map-silver.png"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row align-items-md-stretch mb-4"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="h-100 p-5 text-white bg-secondary rounded-3"> <h2>Information</h2> <p>Cogent Communications operates C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET as a public service to the Internet. First operational in 1987, C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET was known as C.NYSER.NET and was established at the request of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). In 1994, C.NYSER.NET became C.PSI.NET. PSINet, the first commercial ISP ever established, was operating the server when the name server system started using the root-servers.net domain and thus became C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. In 2002, Cogent Communications acquired PSINet's major U.S assets, which included responsibility for operation of C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. To promote the vital development of global social and economic infrastructure, Cogent Communications has committed to the safe, reliable and secure operation of the root server for the benefit of the entire Internet. Instances of C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET are located throughout the world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="h-100 p-5 bg-light border rounded-3"> <h2>Operational Principles</h2> <p>The purpose of this statement is to articulate certain general principles embraced by Cogent Communications with the primary goal of promoting public understanding and the continued sound operation of the root name server system. This statement is necessarily general and is not intended to prescribe new operating practices or binding expectations; rather, it is descriptive and reflects certain generally accepted understandings and practices. Cogent Communications is one of the operators which publish the root zone for the common good of the Internet community and strive to operate the root name service in the community's best interest.</p> <p>Cogent Communications recognize IANA as the authoritative source of the root zone data published on the general Internet root name servers and acknowledge that the integrity of this data is essential to the sound operation of the root name server system. In our capacity as root name server operators, we neither possess nor exert any editorial control over the content of the root zone. Instead, our limited role is to publish the root zone without modification unless otherwise directed by appropriate authority.</p> <p>In furtherance of the Internet community's best interests, Cogent Communications strive to make the investments in time and resources necessary to operate root name servers responsibly. In the event it becomes necessary to transition operational control to a successor operator, Cogent Communications will endeavor to provide the Internet community with advanced notice and take such other measures as may reasonably be necessary to facilitate a smooth transition.</p> <p>Cogent Communications, as the operator of the root name server "C", recognizes the following organizations as current root name server operators and endeavors to coordinate operational service with them.</p> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <ul class="nav justify-content-center"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://www.verisign.com/">Verisign</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://www.isi.edu/b-root">USC-ISI</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://www.cogentco.com/">Cogent</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://d.root-servers.org/">UMD</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://e.root-servers.org/">NASA-OCIO</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://f.root-servers.org/">ISC</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://www.disa.mil/">DOD-DISA</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://h.root-servers.org/">ARL</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://i.root-servers.org/">Netnod</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://k.root-servers.org/">RIPE</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://l.root-servers.org/">ICANN</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" target="_blank" href="https://m.root-servers.org/">WIDE</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row align-items-md-stretch mb-4"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="h-100 p-5 bg-light border rounded-3"> <h2>Locations</h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item">Bratislava, SK</li> <li class="list-group-item">Chicago, US</li> <li class="list-group-item">Frankfurt, DE</li> <li class="list-group-item">Washington, DC, US</li> <li class="list-group-item">Los Angeles, US</li> <li class="list-group-item">Madrid, ES</li> <li class="list-group-item">New York, US</li> <li class="list-group-item">Queretaro, MX</li> <li class="list-group-item">Paris, FR</li> <li class="list-group-item">Rio de Janeiro, BR</li> <li class="list-group-item">Singapore, SG</li> <li class="list-group-item">Sydney, AU</li> <li class="list-group-item">Tokyo, JP</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="h-100 p-5 text-white bg-secondary rounded-3"> <h2>Noteworthy</h2> <p>C-Root is operated by Cogent Communications and C-Root鈥檚 Internet connectivity is provided via Cogent鈥檚 global IP network. Cogent treats the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols equivalently in all manners of provisioning, policy, operations, and management. This includes identical policies in terms of peering and transit services with no special rules or exceptions for either protocol. All peers of Cogent share IPv4 and IPv6 routes. Customers of Cogent's are encouraged to support both IP protocols as well.</p> <p>In the Internet today some organizations, most notably Hurricane Electric, treat IPv4 and IPv6 differently. If a network has transit service for their Internet connectivity but uses that transit service for IPv4 traffic only, that network may be unable to exchange IPv6 traffic with Cogent's transit-free network. Such transit policies are entirely outside of Cogent's control and may result in IPv4-only connectivity to Cogent's network, including the C-Root service. Cogent recommends that all networks use a single policy covering both IPv4 and IPv6 to facilitate robust Internet operation.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-4 bg-light rounded-3"> <div class="h-100 p-5 rounded-3"> <h2>News</h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item">2024-05-23 - On May 21 at 15:30 UTC the c-root team at Cogent Communications was informed that the root zone as served by c-root had ceased to track changes from the root zone publication server after May 18. Analysis showed this to have been caused by an unrelated routing policy change whose side effect was to silence the relevant monitoring systems. No production DNS queries went unanswered by c-root as a result of this outage, and the only impact was on root zone freshness. Root zone freshness as served by c-root was fully restored on May 22 at 16:00 UTC.</li> <li class="list-group-item">2019-08-21 - RFO for zone staleness: at 2019-08-14 1700Z, a configuration change to disable connection tracking of DNS traffic had the harmful side effect of preventing internal synchronization of the root zone to all C-root anycast nodes.<br/>at 2019-08-17 0021Z, the staleness problem was corrected, and also, the internal monitoring which should have detected this staleness problem was corrected.<br/>This was not an attack, and all queries heard by c-root were answered.</li> <li class="list-group-item">2014-03-26 - Added IPv6 service address for c.root-servers.net (2001:500:2::C)</li> </ul> </div> </div> <footer class="pt-3 mt-4 text-muted border-top"> © 2024 <a class="py-2 link-dark" href="https://www.cogentco.com">Cogent Communications</a></p> </footer> </div> </main> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-YvpcrYf0tY3lHB60NNkmXc5s9fDVZLESaAA55NDzOxhy9GkcIdslK1eN7N6jIeHz" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </body> </html>